{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":236,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":236,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"7fe3b2ef1ab3","filters":{"topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies"}},"results":[{"id":"W2604097558","doi":"10.1007/s00340-017-6701-3","title":"Diode-pumped ultrafast Yb:KGW laser with 56 fs pulses and multi-100 kW peak power based on SESAM and Kerr-lens mode locking","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Mode-locking; Ultrashort pulse; Saturable absorption; Pulse duration; Diode; Optoelectronics; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01504263578171374,"gpt":0.2272484875456543,"spread":0.2122058517639406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004531029,0.0003559964,0.0003149984,0.00005546146,0.0002662632,0.0001841567,0.0002648943,0.000118079,0.000004830184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001417267,0.0003202455,0.00003715653,0.00007829023,0.0002178568,0.0002027789,0.00008279821,0.0003062968,0.00001360956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003729897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001290511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003556572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004039001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988645,0.000006641416,0.000144169,0.000395498,0.0001892898,0.0003998841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989434,0.00009171985,0.00007337586,0.0007917137,0.0000283139,0.00007143952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008228965,0.0008334802,0.01978559,0.0009321981,0.0009804912,0.0001635864,0.003924479,0.6885927,0.2105273,0.0102576,0.00170195,0.06147778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005652722,0.0003045087,0.02747828,0.0002756848,0.000174212,0.000008040956,0.000878375,0.536236,0.424097,0.001995519,0.0009879326,0.00191162],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844041,0.00002527429,0.007927667,0.0000672954,0.00006756705,0.0003600957,0.00006741044,0.0007468819,0.006333744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976292,0.00003411591,0.001994651,0.00007757814,0.00005561415,0.00006843507,0.00001930485,0.00009381708,0.00002732763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2135698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111284232","doi":"10.1364/oe.21.031846","title":"Powerful 67 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked prismless Yb:KGW oscillator","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Mode-locking; Materials science; Laser; Lens (geology); Pulse duration; Diode; Kerr effect; Pulse (music); Optoelectronics; Physics; Detector","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01060988722859201,"gpt":0.213590923845637,"spread":0.2029810366170449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005325255,0.000333504,0.0003166975,0.0001356594,0.00006639367,0.0001434332,0.0005986944,0.0002868882,0.0001345271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006493188,0.0003342529,0.00007383716,0.000198808,0.0001104602,0.0003515804,0.0002104927,0.0003499897,0.000703205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009291556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001468946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003354513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003626534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99842,0.00001503744,0.0003213406,0.0003247217,0.0002810225,0.0006379044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987451,0.00008412942,0.00004853237,0.0009003588,0.0001077085,0.0001141807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003688027,0.0003150058,0.002538254,0.0007849277,0.0006127288,0.000166832,0.005463658,0.2568508,0.5046232,0.01300876,0.2048103,0.01078862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001282431,0.0001166376,0.001191693,0.0001676061,0.0000644383,0.0000289328,0.00151327,0.5339428,0.4147706,0.006470166,0.03863211,0.001819284],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9715969,0.0002534737,0.006015928,0.0002087011,0.0007017978,0.0004674101,0.00004450176,0.00238387,0.01832739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822943,0.0002060426,0.01630564,0.00004814467,0.00008600421,0.00009233583,0.00001331529,0.0001146669,0.0008395845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.277092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015876952","doi":"10.1364/ol.34.003313","title":"Erbium-doped all-fiber laser at 294 μm","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Ministère du Développement Économique, de l’Innovation et de l’Exportation","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber laser; Optics; Holmium; Erbium; Fiber Bragg grating; Laser; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Optical fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Slope efficiency; Wavelength; Doping; Fiber optic sensor; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01056619507331125,"gpt":0.2111926872663385,"spread":0.2006264921930272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004514122,0.0001957026,0.0001646192,0.00008617598,0.00003918555,0.00004526575,0.0002615267,0.0001001798,0.0001006178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001500516,0.0002010443,0.00005855073,0.0001389508,0.00004421684,0.0001042511,0.00004898119,0.0002021081,0.0007623517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001301198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002700286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001836945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002998558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990718,0.000007167951,0.0001718179,0.0001812292,0.0001573371,0.000410632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994341,0.00003358386,0.00002109924,0.0004405547,0.00001212052,0.00005851203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002623928,0.00005977937,0.0003890647,0.00006066863,0.000203831,0.0004474821,0.0004888446,0.1814516,0.3390788,0.0003251079,0.4675704,0.009898049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00175935,0.0001600028,0.00372113,0.00008517846,0.0001241514,0.00007818818,0.0001160757,0.0340458,0.5501952,0.0006542704,0.4072276,0.001833073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742007,0.00005991687,0.0004635393,0.006557811,0.0002187252,0.0001963743,0.000009599889,0.001680228,0.01661314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783787,0.00007046996,0.01548906,0.004868479,0.0001139511,0.00002395108,0.000024076,0.00006731181,0.0009639539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2111163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9798743,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965426943","doi":"10.1088/1054-660x/23/3/035401","title":"Optical, spectral and phase-matching properties of BIBO, BBO and LBO crystals for optical parametric oscillation in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"OPOS; BIBO stability; Femtosecond; Materials science; Optics; Wavelength; Dispersion (optics); Infrared; Phase (matter); Parametric statistics; Crystal (programming language); Oscillation (cell signaling); Optical parametric amplifier; Optoelectronics; Laser; Optical parametric oscillator; Nonlinear system; Physics; Optical amplifier; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02151339618895744,"gpt":0.2392871500709126,"spread":0.2177737538819551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001074179,0.0001431125,0.0002254361,0.00007250877,0.0000546781,0.0001326239,0.00008022567,0.00006926218,0.000001271901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008474621,0.000103011,0.00002103325,0.0002806563,0.0001684612,0.000287341,0.00004055923,0.000123848,7.546606e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007610396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002139809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000464958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993142,0.00001292712,0.000183199,0.0001556841,0.0001127033,0.0002213141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995009,0.0002551556,0.00002762824,0.0001580391,0.00003101082,0.00002722376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004537191,0.001075021,0.01071932,0.006072287,0.0005863309,0.00002132624,0.02667971,0.0487836,0.5970829,0.03128194,0.001817804,0.2754261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003089958,0.0004694555,0.009984495,0.0001685442,0.00007502048,0.00001178755,0.003669918,0.6686542,0.2592268,0.05400158,0.0001247782,0.0005234967],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970858,0.0003446873,0.00164211,0.0001308397,0.00002250761,0.0005301961,0.00001245345,0.0001041495,0.0001272428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944535,0.0001938564,0.005213936,0.0000167726,0.00002650104,0.00006484202,0.000003742274,0.00002109407,0.000005713749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6198706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4200665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346259514","doi":"10.1007/s00340-016-6417-9","title":"Thermal lensing in Nd:YVO4 laser with in-band pumping at 914 nm","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Focal length; Materials science; Laser; Lens (geology); Thermal; Dioptre; Quantum optics; Laser power scaling; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008534835009416307,"gpt":0.1829494091699454,"spread":0.1744145741605291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004492316,0.0001665718,0.0001804798,0.00006071694,0.00002657842,0.00001371177,0.0001271563,0.00006927794,0.00000710436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003010927,0.0001241909,0.00001706375,0.0002373151,0.00005901757,0.0000954129,0.0000440764,0.0001396531,0.00006497311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001524247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007982135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002012924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001334201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992298,0.000005058062,0.0001324003,0.0001923277,0.0001035301,0.0003368427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996002,0.00007720383,0.00002295744,0.0002705399,0.000007513567,0.00002152408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001491859,0.00006544069,0.03247295,0.00009483308,0.00006908447,0.00004908762,0.001380528,0.06341068,0.7867258,0.002931994,0.0002627624,0.1123877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001319722,0.00001903031,0.01114138,0.0001193605,0.000006327352,0.000001260635,0.0002162634,0.001287183,0.9822959,0.002937535,0.0002800416,0.0003759693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918805,0.00002705737,0.0006722247,0.0000430006,0.00003691858,0.0001446715,0.000004160339,0.0003772027,0.006814233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995636,0.00000958959,0.0002471692,0.00002928157,0.0000409416,0.00003548896,0.000002556633,0.0000499808,0.00002141645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1955702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.506436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2399357295","doi":"10.1007/s00340-016-6441-9","title":"Orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Yb:KGW laser induced by thermal lensing","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wavelength; Materials science; Optics; Laser; Polarization (electrochemistry); Anisotropy; Thermal; Optoelectronics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01227357610911901,"gpt":0.2013997813022181,"spread":0.1891262051930991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006998153,0.0002933977,0.000270536,0.00004328771,0.00007095045,0.00003678005,0.0001730486,0.0001657167,0.00002576759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001154076,0.0002333093,0.00006407983,0.000221132,0.00006724449,0.0001529927,0.00009303095,0.0002509704,0.0002551226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007009435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002050318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007204902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000264005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987828,0.00001155067,0.0002177743,0.0002837904,0.0002198562,0.0004842011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992558,0.0001290508,0.00004977882,0.0004716554,0.00003026281,0.00006342942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001418296,0.00002445372,0.00006759641,0.00001181918,0.00007922998,0.000003528808,0.0001049787,0.0001045647,0.9422336,0.004222864,0.000835394,0.05229779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001321189,0.00002546078,0.0007015598,0.0000298447,0.00003076818,0.000002319658,0.00007570593,0.001243728,0.9862517,0.00775807,0.001926426,0.0006332137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876722,0.00001856492,0.003536577,0.0001079402,0.000147362,0.0002105891,0.0000606384,0.001617498,0.00662864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987621,0.00001324243,0.0007582967,0.00009735567,0.0001343546,0.000035671,0.00002407065,0.0001052495,0.0000697088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05166458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9514078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2410928713","doi":"10.1364/oe.24.012851","title":"High efficiency passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser with direct in-band pumping at 914 nm","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Slope efficiency; Optics; Laser; Mode-locking; Pulse duration; Optoelectronics; Saturable absorption; Energy conversion efficiency; Semiconductor laser theory; Semiconductor; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007770230593043483,"gpt":0.2002590513825916,"spread":0.1924888207895481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006569239,0.000271206,0.0002965891,0.0001591998,0.00006476998,0.00004134762,0.0003575446,0.0001514819,0.00002293309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007092501,0.0001914463,0.0000339831,0.0002398772,0.0001255907,0.0001676971,0.0001027813,0.000151216,0.00004740819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002105007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001399528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002487113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004845004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986475,0.00001759835,0.0002401807,0.0003308208,0.0002279956,0.0005359342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991208,0.0001959585,0.00004808211,0.000520468,0.00004579335,0.00006887177],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003393156,0.0002235338,0.006642575,0.0003134205,0.0002173,0.0005159039,0.001679405,0.2928234,0.6848438,0.001710984,0.002346796,0.00834349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001279103,0.00009303851,0.0008470246,0.0002695554,0.0000171971,0.000008236361,0.00009245843,0.008300286,0.9874519,0.0003291801,0.0008220281,0.0004900629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900897,0.00007923154,0.004263613,0.0001304814,0.0001901725,0.0002105649,0.0000563276,0.0008717517,0.004108115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960046,0.0001113337,0.00308832,0.00001295429,0.00003472104,0.00007999309,0.000004503123,0.00007233953,0.0005911715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.302608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7806953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2598716293","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.002937","title":"Polarization anisotropy of thermal lens in Yb:KY(WO_4)_2 laser crystal under high-power diode pumping","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Polarization (electrochemistry); Diode; Anisotropy; Lens (geology); Optoelectronics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01213737320908195,"gpt":0.2157392449856498,"spread":0.2036018717765678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007454726,0.0001808626,0.0002315873,0.0001062538,0.00009590058,0.00005945519,0.0003700166,0.0001987004,0.00001659163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000303699,0.0001905822,0.00003211436,0.00009497131,0.000119862,0.0001943334,0.0001368294,0.0002301044,0.000018501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007010686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001377385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003866834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003338218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999095,0.000005694483,0.0002521622,0.0001765044,0.0001576575,0.0003130106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991928,0.00003868797,0.00008716658,0.000626914,0.00002773903,0.00002663718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003494251,0.00008030565,0.00658019,0.00009693576,0.0001020987,0.00001916558,0.0004926307,0.2964371,0.5848296,0.1105895,0.00005981161,0.0006778154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002518996,0.00008977649,0.1452005,0.00009347048,0.00006613348,0.000003341508,0.001256067,0.04422221,0.794616,0.01071697,0.0002417961,0.000974768],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821833,0.00001887853,0.01200196,0.0000979074,0.0001684329,0.0001795417,0.00002046717,0.0003355001,0.00499403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936739,0.00003843749,0.006124208,0.00002394072,0.00002908139,0.0000154511,0.00001440608,0.00005518785,0.00002535642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2522149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7771717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801018633","doi":"10.1007/s00340-018-6960-7","title":"Dual-wavelength operation of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser at the 1064.1 &amp; 1073.1 nm and 1064.1 &amp; 1085.3 nm wavelength pairs","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Wavelength; Materials science; Optics; Laser; Diode; Power (physics); Slope efficiency; Dual (grammatical number); Optoelectronics; Birefringence; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01815277230687421,"gpt":0.2258449459175991,"spread":0.2076921736107249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002326799,0.0004543597,0.000464746,0.00007951145,0.0002648816,0.00007572104,0.0003396428,0.0002212651,0.000100167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004090816,0.0003749723,0.00009225166,0.0004214015,0.0004828313,0.0001765271,0.0002982105,0.0003627497,0.0004438106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001148883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002896487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006102833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004341433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981082,0.00003646766,0.0004366466,0.000485548,0.0003750107,0.0005581023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983797,0.000224728,0.0001230649,0.00108013,0.0001057735,0.00008657476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005009166,0.0006459606,0.001786555,0.001022186,0.001742062,0.00001372203,0.02623231,0.02714537,0.5381658,0.04145731,0.09101541,0.2702724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003431777,0.0002160751,0.003325902,0.0001243139,0.0003183447,0.00002270793,0.002121395,0.05183278,0.8271473,0.02245783,0.08670886,0.002292681],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886711,0.00009085714,0.003444354,0.0001607937,0.0002199942,0.0006355434,0.00009579019,0.0008177929,0.005863838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964649,0.0001640384,0.002067646,0.0001070552,0.0003142136,0.0001621328,0.0001330063,0.0001172339,0.0004697834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2889815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2829536765","doi":"10.1088/1612-202x/aac97a","title":"Kerr-lens mode locking of a diode-pumped Yb:KGW laser using an additional intracavity Kerr medium","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Laser; Materials science; Kerr effect; Lens (geology); Mode-locking; Diode; Optoelectronics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02319802370186752,"gpt":0.2456807047635436,"spread":0.2224826810616761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008359538,0.0003505368,0.0003735276,0.0001199193,0.0001186158,0.0000448198,0.0004145583,0.0001488888,0.0001781796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003754985,0.0003828777,0.0001165041,0.0003900627,0.0003726389,0.0006871194,0.0001127356,0.0003812412,0.0000459611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001501244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003177129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000807547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000638804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982742,0.00004261594,0.0003507864,0.0003741522,0.0003983248,0.0005599397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989372,0.0001200121,0.0001126746,0.0006390197,0.0001044773,0.00008657718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007210152,0.0003079359,0.001565817,0.0002502344,0.0004462258,0.00007666078,0.001809522,0.3169914,0.6377114,0.000415307,0.0375581,0.0027953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007453564,0.00008612484,0.001417326,0.0001740505,0.00009660795,0.00001205348,0.0002104551,0.3044872,0.6881768,0.002324787,0.001446294,0.0008230035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9751049,0.000007343614,0.02198879,0.0002957812,0.0004163553,0.0001703775,0.0009656379,0.0008163138,0.0002345263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924084,0.000005886265,0.005759544,0.0006110854,0.0007827176,0.00002942134,0.0002990156,0.00009826788,0.000005691425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05046533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2778981118","doi":"10.1007/s00340-017-6873-x","title":"A discretely tunable dual-wavelength multi-watt Yb:CALGO laser","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Laser; Diode; Terahertz radiation; Offset (computer science); Output coupler; Watt; Quantum optics; Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02679856654339545,"gpt":0.2420503630320143,"spread":0.2152517964886188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005683786,0.0002824212,0.0002803705,0.00003286406,0.0002773615,0.0001662006,0.0004969484,0.0001307695,0.00001917772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002036513,0.0002775344,0.00007201448,0.00008408164,0.0001492976,0.0002116403,0.0002215432,0.0003235848,0.0004917717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005364426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001207113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002975649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001238299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988644,0.000004319656,0.0001771395,0.0002911228,0.0001729202,0.0004901512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985961,0.00004492895,0.00006792858,0.001193634,0.00002376298,0.00007365635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001351883,0.0008548799,0.003632125,0.0009678552,0.00161969,0.0003276137,0.004192145,0.08509522,0.2447915,0.1864712,0.06008149,0.4118311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002793239,0.00004653652,0.008131208,0.00006229741,0.00009710634,0.000005794236,0.0005416428,0.1513758,0.7761796,0.04375466,0.01533614,0.001675955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9237147,0.0000589712,0.01696037,0.0001447922,0.0005233868,0.0006480515,0.0001011573,0.003204964,0.05464363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941859,0.00004479266,0.005006726,0.00003535442,0.0001522741,0.0001304561,0.0000221644,0.00009237038,0.0003299711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5313881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006359149","doi":"10.1364/oe.18.022090","title":"Femtosecond mode-locked Tm^3+ and Tm^3+-Ho^3+ doped 2 μm glass lasers","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of St Andrews","keywords":"Laser; Femtosecond; Optics; Materials science; Continuous wave; Pulse duration; Doping; Pulse (music); Physics; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008158008791903275,"gpt":0.2190560735758826,"spread":0.2108980647839793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008406797,0.0002898291,0.000278907,0.00012725,0.00008553607,0.0001352307,0.0004056587,0.0002846464,0.00005875825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008310386,0.0002983896,0.00004346615,0.0001480434,0.0001679536,0.0002316199,0.000176831,0.0005693011,0.0000474239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002593188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001216522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001770011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006762555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987673,0.00001058473,0.0002468442,0.0003135177,0.000175577,0.0004862036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989851,0.0001091944,0.00003910642,0.0006829993,0.00004965177,0.0001339765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005027146,0.00009695239,0.0008865582,0.000339579,0.0002289293,0.0002095238,0.001735552,0.01940566,0.9517633,0.005856475,0.009929613,0.009497589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001519957,0.00006832276,0.0006173096,0.00004422054,0.000054767,0.00005888065,0.0008925028,0.1838576,0.7876515,0.003518617,0.02072217,0.0009941257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874886,0.0001060295,0.0008785934,0.0001124,0.0006958367,0.0002266863,0.00007345174,0.001252122,0.009166301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853181,0.000142875,0.01379771,0.00003409687,0.00008764812,0.0000578962,0.00001742587,0.0000839709,0.0004602715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.164452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594584784","doi":"10.1364/ol.42.001149","title":"Diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4 laser with discrete multi-wavelength tunability and high efficiency","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Laser; Diode; Optoelectronics; Birefringence; Slope efficiency; Optical pumping; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01071129935582909,"gpt":0.217134958313518,"spread":0.2064236589576889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009667886,0.0002372678,0.000226016,0.00005776647,0.0002265208,0.0001822,0.0003809994,0.00008867566,0.000005012008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001110954,0.0001977162,0.00003114158,0.00005389965,0.0004168483,0.0002184583,0.0001244092,0.0002581927,0.00001260323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005367038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006393104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000416094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003734743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989815,0.00001134989,0.0001606672,0.0002991822,0.0001576656,0.0003896549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988479,0.00005809143,0.00005437182,0.0009425318,0.00002454858,0.000072572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007769477,0.0008323041,0.3829467,0.003096197,0.002105563,0.002346855,0.007894018,0.25934,0.2194985,0.006046111,0.008812755,0.106304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005644447,0.0004363393,0.3442132,0.000222473,0.000225145,0.00005758215,0.0006646083,0.5589646,0.08520397,0.0004309567,0.00136129,0.002575411],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848016,0.00002206029,0.01231531,0.001646079,0.0001690357,0.0002029093,0.00002782236,0.0005573705,0.0002578426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780333,0.00003442995,0.02169397,0.0001010458,0.00002966248,0.00002224101,0.000005244825,0.00004474787,0.00003534887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2996247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8062634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963582088","doi":"10.1364/oe.17.012039","title":"Efficient frequency doubling of a femtosecond Yb:KGW laser in a BiB_3O_6 crystal","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centre of Innovation; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Femtosecond; BIBO stability; Optics; Laser; Lithium triborate; Materials science; Second-harmonic generation; Sum-frequency generation; Nonlinear optics; Energy conversion efficiency; High harmonic generation; Crystal (programming language); Frequency conversion; Optoelectronics; Nonlinear system; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01200025855330068,"gpt":0.225479924946387,"spread":0.2134796663930863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009154232,0.0001674176,0.0002364495,0.0003139585,0.00001865342,0.00003013434,0.0002838761,0.0001310565,0.00002208083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004113925,0.0001755614,0.00004782876,0.0004058516,0.0000458217,0.00006222088,0.00004275889,0.000223085,0.000007623833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005514554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001184979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009936367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008889209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989954,0.000009236342,0.0003167041,0.0001779594,0.0001636151,0.0003371178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994482,0.00005311019,0.00004070784,0.0003775092,0.00003748004,0.00004295215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001492337,0.0001352338,0.0005560906,0.0001128799,0.00002211796,0.00006873687,0.001146097,0.7462505,0.2479057,0.002424834,0.0001450124,0.001217891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002440728,0.0002497415,0.003377973,0.000381758,0.00002827427,0.00001830336,0.001434914,0.4284014,0.5561073,0.006262916,0.0003575086,0.000939124],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893179,0.0002880204,0.001866335,0.00003266745,0.0001335847,0.0001631818,0.00002479636,0.0003754201,0.00779809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881158,0.0000346929,0.01175044,0.00001231831,0.00001991458,0.00001343404,0.000004356861,0.00002402804,0.00002498956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3178491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7159187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2729541716","doi":"10.1364/prj.5.000346","title":"High power and beam quality continuous-wave Nd:GdVO_4 laser in-band diode-pumped at 912  nm","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photonics Research","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Laser beam quality; Optics; Laser; Slope efficiency; M squared; Materials science; Laser power scaling; Continuous wave; Diode; Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Injection seeder; Power (physics); Beam parameter product; Fiber laser; Physics; Laser beams","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08325793335372896,"gpt":0.3623558169298372,"spread":0.2790978835761083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001566154,0.0002343124,0.0004231319,0.0002737403,0.0003978939,0.0003011842,0.000660202,0.0002752864,0.0001402254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009774872,0.0002304335,0.00005446071,0.0001898799,0.0005268894,0.0002336609,0.0006163167,0.0009402543,0.00009765555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003307189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000422814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008962403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001660221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975533,0.00009233284,0.0003412969,0.0004604255,0.0006138147,0.0009388498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977469,0.000455166,0.00005473153,0.001441359,0.0001544121,0.0001473712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002144774,0.001098497,0.2856731,0.002456154,0.001165089,0.003075232,0.01387523,0.006952888,0.6077987,0.01214722,0.04720891,0.01640419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003439259,0.0002241414,0.1604151,0.0001432402,0.00001223298,0.00002394964,0.000973642,0.01095982,0.7986054,0.008842105,0.01543016,0.0009308363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883236,0.0005928141,0.00001098213,0.0003917826,0.0001852325,0.0004789413,0.00007933877,0.0003140379,0.009623263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977819,0.0007343382,0.0003231351,0.00001581681,0.00001432382,0.0001065829,0.00001093772,0.0000598619,0.0009531028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1908068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9396807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018365337","doi":"10.1364/oe.14.012163","title":"Femtosecond Yb:KGd(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>laser oscillator pumped by a high power fiber-coupled diode laser module","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Fiber laser; Optoelectronics; Diode; Femtosecond; Wavelength; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004738826136170648,"gpt":0.1825343695211851,"spread":0.1777955433850145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001832699,0.0008924273,0.0008205376,0.0003010408,0.0002083002,0.0002983657,0.000838742,0.0006920807,0.00008962271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109715,0.0009645193,0.0002410372,0.0005438038,0.0002303789,0.000519444,0.0003395337,0.0007355225,0.0005941377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002737241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004061694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004343035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000607863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961695,0.00004717942,0.0008230587,0.0009080844,0.0006537415,0.001398399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976431,0.0002332084,0.0001776092,0.001521051,0.0001683466,0.000256707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004461125,0.0001556174,0.0001144929,0.0001229647,0.0001523228,0.00009934165,0.0001189118,0.06441556,0.8976741,0.0001685935,0.03633427,0.0005991665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001475514,0.00008375633,0.0003839957,0.00007412354,0.00007243049,0.00001494235,0.00009602166,0.03146592,0.9594864,0.0009771863,0.004720422,0.001149239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910946,0.0003844533,0.001944203,0.0001361121,0.0008060159,0.0006501648,0.0006394546,0.002468834,0.001876176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958426,0.0002025723,0.002472994,0.00008457318,0.0001979594,0.0002488436,0.0002333086,0.0003346378,0.0003824609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0618123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749706273","doi":"10.1364/ol.42.003331","title":"Discretely selectable multiwavelength operation of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Saturable absorption; Laser; Wavelength; Materials science; Semiconductor; Semiconductor laser theory; Mode-locking; Optoelectronics; Q-switching; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01477677140613906,"gpt":0.2438702669994304,"spread":0.2290934955932913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007545245,0.0002371722,0.0002802679,0.00009544303,0.0001730748,0.0001387709,0.0004700269,0.000144003,0.00002816312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001050241,0.0002310209,0.0000619655,0.0000698382,0.0001303302,0.0004614724,0.00007990334,0.000270055,0.00004084008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008353149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001456799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001744947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007896345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998906,0.00001261092,0.0002657964,0.0002384723,0.0001775053,0.0003995922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998962,0.00004527554,0.00009322416,0.0007927587,0.00005411055,0.00005264436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001432392,0.00001913694,0.0009160341,0.00008723413,0.00009972724,0.00001309922,0.0003679612,0.02098063,0.9741657,0.0001149703,0.002774167,0.0004469591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007047868,0.00003064354,0.001350542,0.00005050746,0.0000401311,0.000006832464,0.000134785,0.2276036,0.7688252,0.00006541803,0.000797009,0.0003905373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968244,0.00004282153,0.0007024065,0.0007365834,0.0003129913,0.0002434628,0.00005663931,0.0003892363,0.0006914022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9708735,0.00005188776,0.02856324,0.0001016509,0.00003297424,0.00003194164,0.0000270404,0.00006676268,0.0002509777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.206623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9420758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064272340","doi":"10.1364/ol.34.002587","title":"Passive mode locking of a Tm,Ho:KY(WO_4)_2 laser around 2 μm","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Optics; Laser; Ti:sapphire laser; Materials science; Mode-locking; Q-switching; Sapphire; Saturable absorption; Optoelectronics; Pulse (music); Semiconductor laser theory; Ultrashort pulse; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007229362263383688,"gpt":0.2131726082576069,"spread":0.2059432459942232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003784827,0.0001953091,0.0002312172,0.0001416803,0.00003355617,0.0000365422,0.0002675054,0.0001081069,0.000006826749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003769895,0.0002059426,0.0000697727,0.0002146212,0.00006681808,0.000132973,0.00003495023,0.0002413507,0.00002251931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008929738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000681049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000890031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004480432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999038,0.000008492064,0.000239558,0.0001730096,0.0001826053,0.0003583111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994196,0.00005748222,0.00005197591,0.0003997667,0.00002890826,0.00004225894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001388314,0.00004531397,0.0004692193,0.00008491701,0.0001341411,0.0001909912,0.0006833405,0.7762271,0.2069011,0.001143312,0.008181109,0.005925669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001419904,0.0002015747,0.003065019,0.0002542481,0.0001358183,0.00004506396,0.00108179,0.4478175,0.5371745,0.005153718,0.002322119,0.001328806],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816899,0.00005677327,0.01358961,0.0023208,0.0001898528,0.0001203172,0.00001619441,0.0006149533,0.001401621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884889,0.00004913262,0.01071242,0.000613192,0.00006255227,0.000007638508,0.000007623347,0.0000345884,0.00002393887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3302734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8398095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885067314","doi":"10.1007/s00340-018-7040-8","title":"Thermal lensing in Nd:GdVO4 laser with direct in-band pumping at 912 nm","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Laser beam quality; Lens (geology); Diode; Thermal; Beam (structure); Focal length; Quantum optics; Laser diode; Optoelectronics; Physics; Laser beams","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009193476402281157,"gpt":0.1949004491275996,"spread":0.1857069727253184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005725449,0.0001841993,0.0002101033,0.00006956002,0.00004124726,0.0000228648,0.0001382448,0.00007435268,0.000007989203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003186908,0.0001737663,0.00001797093,0.0003795703,0.0001015111,0.00008828093,0.00005115859,0.0001944299,0.00007174905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001206322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008302502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003877149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002641137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991611,0.000006348844,0.0001377349,0.0002178054,0.0001122052,0.0003648288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995882,0.00005514597,0.00002514285,0.0002967449,0.00001207396,0.00002268949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003571246,0.000158846,0.05237564,0.0002185589,0.0001807625,0.00007772516,0.005972004,0.2761436,0.6038486,0.002606191,0.0007738196,0.0572872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000743754,0.00003484166,0.01130313,0.00007211642,0.000008794276,0.00000108503,0.0002160242,0.006740064,0.9789121,0.001132775,0.0004533406,0.0003819978],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590027,0.00002479056,0.0001591934,0.00001401591,0.00005764222,0.000165165,0.000002859748,0.0004590067,0.04011463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993992,0.000005427609,0.0003464235,0.00003857677,0.00009630204,0.00003178121,0.00000516665,0.00005699176,0.00002006034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3750635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7085985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089737453","doi":"10.1364/ol.30.000421","title":"Efficient Raman shifting of high-energy picosecond pulses into the eye-safe 15-µ spectral region by use of a KGd(WO_4)_2 crystal","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Picosecond; Materials science; Optics; Raman scattering; Energy conversion efficiency; Optoelectronics; Crystal (programming language); Wavelength; Transient (computer programming); Laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008171985599661482,"gpt":0.1905041961104876,"spread":0.1823322105108261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008263326,0.000210301,0.0002606242,0.0001265802,0.00005327733,0.00004294506,0.0003316001,0.00009641837,0.00001054328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006588427,0.0001807112,0.00008485675,0.0002366761,0.0002061739,0.00009462209,0.00008787467,0.0002148481,0.000002702036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007178623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001523618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006300751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988334,0.00002471303,0.0003859508,0.000194321,0.0002140971,0.0003475884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991937,0.0001553024,0.0001126191,0.0004719438,0.00002950537,0.00003691501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002202394,0.00006562566,0.0003596276,0.00008364612,0.0001236964,0.00001800914,0.001298147,0.6627535,0.3247392,0.003915586,0.004213384,0.002407452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00102471,0.0001650012,0.001755068,0.0001579676,0.000105161,0.0000170807,0.0009080943,0.2669756,0.7225047,0.0003462836,0.00528978,0.0007505972],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980751,0.0001685721,0.01636858,0.002114608,0.0001351627,0.0001044766,0.00001365376,0.000208188,0.0001357434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907133,0.00004854212,0.008843555,0.0002303039,0.00006023639,0.000009653476,0.00001009461,0.00004582818,0.00003850878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3977654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7369188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046690957","doi":"10.1364/ol.38.002150","title":"279  μm high peak power LGS electro-optically Q-switched Cr,Er:YSGG laser","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Safety Academic Fund; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Q-switching; Wavelength; Crystal (programming language); Pulse-width modulation; Pulse (music); Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Physics; Detector","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003820665516383009,"gpt":0.1743683086084223,"spread":0.1705476430920393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008040074,0.0003577858,0.0003118901,0.0001664275,0.00006281668,0.0001654255,0.0004983306,0.0002129286,0.0003260372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000094006,0.0003542638,0.00009730831,0.0002820168,0.0001223824,0.0002726779,0.0001038789,0.0005299396,0.001331861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001418589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001234457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002904505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003845019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981967,0.0000161616,0.0003330511,0.000328951,0.0002880761,0.0008370256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989517,0.0001245426,0.0000306759,0.0006993966,0.00006613856,0.0001275637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001253616,0.00006469568,0.000706979,0.00007162405,0.0002752489,0.000125609,0.0003196619,0.01378349,0.8734766,0.002247259,0.1079956,0.000920646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004784564,0.0007581427,0.04879053,0.0002128871,0.0003628842,0.0001437088,0.001337877,0.0847735,0.813385,0.00721698,0.03231647,0.005917436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810922,0.00004414814,0.004145992,0.008718573,0.0004384519,0.0003019857,0.000008395866,0.001830491,0.003419752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777353,0.00004633673,0.01996604,0.001761537,0.0000889379,0.00008434888,0.00001657333,0.0001196398,0.0001812744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07567917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794720593","doi":"10.1088/1612-202x/aaada6","title":"Discrete multi-wavelength tuning of a continuous wave diode-pumped Nd:GdVO <sub>4</sub> laser","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wavelength; Laser; Materials science; Optics; Diode; Optoelectronics; Birefringence; Laser diode; Continuous wave; Filter (signal processing); Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01487308828829655,"gpt":0.2114700970975278,"spread":0.1965970088092312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001094341,0.0004556533,0.0005449528,0.0001272919,0.00009856662,0.00005474158,0.0003859228,0.0001531962,0.000009783394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005185583,0.0004653714,0.0001836839,0.0004439924,0.0003985686,0.0003403818,0.0001597863,0.000423167,0.0001069501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009237412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014527,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000246987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002993466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980482,0.00004412687,0.0004364413,0.0004276593,0.0003161766,0.0007273793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987319,0.0001291282,0.0001366784,0.0008073324,0.00009476309,0.0001002041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000342888,0.00006421244,0.0008095525,0.0001378585,0.0002919306,0.00006961107,0.001449099,0.003735592,0.9753371,0.0001161037,0.005058968,0.01289568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001007919,0.00007076766,0.0008051319,0.0001034332,0.00006573644,0.000005071863,0.000262256,0.06021491,0.9362662,0.0002268043,0.0004124449,0.000559276],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658909,0.00002339979,0.03146982,0.0002979168,0.0004224321,0.0002958545,0.0001032412,0.001183055,0.0003133401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954883,0.00002427223,0.003457596,0.0004608004,0.0003098894,0.00004866718,0.00004353653,0.0001463783,0.00002049913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05647932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048684773","doi":"10.1364/oe.14.005285","title":"An extended cavity diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:KGW laser for applications in optical DNA sensor technology based on fluorescence lifetime measurements","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Genome Canada; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Femtosecond; Optoelectronics; Diode; Second-harmonic generation; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01532708457419454,"gpt":0.2493449567171909,"spread":0.2340178721429963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001560894,0.000313527,0.0003291652,0.0003647223,0.00009085613,0.0000612536,0.000540687,0.000359321,0.000008910688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001005076,0.0003339571,0.00006131469,0.0003950799,0.0001517904,0.0001230109,0.00004670455,0.0003146083,0.00001745975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000154833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002440436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001012129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003181428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982986,0.00002059287,0.0003730767,0.0004745159,0.0002565497,0.0005766169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986798,0.0001456637,0.00005099348,0.0009406905,0.0001038269,0.00007908572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001161305,0.001123736,0.003915302,0.000241366,0.0000472157,0.00002895503,0.00007466471,0.36123,0.6234733,0.004194164,0.000499953,0.005055232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001146615,0.000123369,0.002147511,0.00004791468,0.00002478316,0.000001830565,0.0001300665,0.2885902,0.7049934,0.00182546,0.0005136183,0.0004552182],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.925865,0.00004122087,0.06829452,0.0002104739,0.00013565,0.001598,0.0002279185,0.001891257,0.001735965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9179303,0.000004562913,0.08097286,0.00001898484,0.00004566554,0.0008382658,0.00008623398,0.00007047639,0.00003263943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08152007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044227230","doi":"10.1002/lapl.200810127","title":"Femtosecond Yb:KGd(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>laser with &gt; 100 nJ of pulse energy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Femtosecond; Materials science; Laser; Optics; Pulse (music); Diode; Optoelectronics; Fiber laser; Saturable absorption; Ultrafast laser spectroscopy; Q-switching; Wavelength; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008225954946699024,"gpt":0.1730909435245581,"spread":0.1648649885778591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000749546,0.0007086323,0.0007168619,0.0002323214,0.000146594,0.00004863605,0.0006102863,0.0002305551,0.00001199428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001856101,0.0007128293,0.0002272756,0.0008696137,0.0004394296,0.0005469898,0.0001506882,0.0005356749,0.0001081271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001688288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004768214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003106634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000948837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972696,0.00005005196,0.0005292541,0.0006374172,0.0005519764,0.0009617105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998255,0.0001518341,0.0001796233,0.001151353,0.00009449755,0.0001676981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007244558,0.0001155334,0.0006828286,0.0001390161,0.0003263375,0.0002729136,0.0003031454,0.05291919,0.9220191,0.0002032693,0.01573206,0.007214181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001042008,0.0001369144,0.001332628,0.00008355688,0.00007434073,0.00003573897,0.00007128936,0.002178105,0.9927939,0.0003939702,0.001018251,0.0008393123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921201,0.00008789985,0.004927071,0.0004013219,0.000318645,0.0002454233,0.0001107909,0.001184135,0.000604571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973806,0.0002531325,0.0004891925,0.001132424,0.0002691979,0.0001147242,0.0001020401,0.0002419629,0.0000167345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07077481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079157031","doi":"10.1117/12.2075117","title":"A simple technique for accurate characterization of thermal lens in solid state lasers","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Laser beam quality; Optics; Laser; Lens (geology); Materials science; Beam parameter product; Lasing threshold; M squared; Beam (structure); Diode; Thermal; Gaussian beam; Solid-state laser; Optoelectronics; Laser beams; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01142620449578017,"gpt":0.2315335903447453,"spread":0.2201073858489652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005555829,0.0003100779,0.0004842519,0.000188729,0.00003836399,0.00004598139,0.0007620229,0.0002138965,0.000003675112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004862556,0.0002832773,0.0003541418,0.0003643142,0.0001616813,0.0005725847,0.0001078055,0.0002634808,4.884322e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001357628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001707261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006328383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.859029e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981691,2.011493e-8,0.0007782989,0.0002804931,0.0003427393,0.0004293055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986101,0.0001540082,0.0002932959,0.00007349166,0.0008165012,0.00005256966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006959755,0.00005410967,0.0004913496,0.0008417614,0.0001747637,3.734441e-8,0.0001885945,0.002761244,0.941518,0.0533746,0.0002361993,0.0002897341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007693996,0.0002177757,0.002135517,0.0002216452,0.00004307405,0.000002515976,0.0003016711,0.1132152,0.8802556,0.001812385,0.0007449096,0.0002803529],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996485,0.00001438687,0.001251896,0.000423094,0.0001230985,0.0009749201,0.0001502956,0.0002310384,0.0003462527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9684969,0.00008720128,0.03062765,0.00002707317,0.00009933083,0.0005250032,0.00002524077,0.00008859114,0.00002304437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1104539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2773462509","doi":"10.1088/1612-202x/aa9633","title":"Passively mode-locked high power Nd:GdVO <sub>4</sub> laser with direct in-band pumping at 912 nm","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Slope efficiency; Optics; Power (physics); Diode; Optoelectronics; Saturable absorption; Pulse-width modulation; Mode-locking; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007303248111470441,"gpt":0.1958730044875039,"spread":0.1885697563760335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000684079,0.0005001547,0.0004941648,0.0001212365,0.0002766667,0.0001952605,0.0006571108,0.0001512097,0.000007920317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002987845,0.0004758832,0.00009734516,0.0002028047,0.0002501543,0.0006201403,0.0001753062,0.0004594683,0.0001102688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002846236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001600091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009305592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001883816,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980197,0.00002748546,0.000280614,0.0005340382,0.0003423757,0.000795783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983678,0.00009929218,0.0001486111,0.001246624,0.00003980894,0.00009786042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001809638,0.0001168388,0.01194462,0.0001526476,0.0003746819,0.0006017546,0.0007156793,0.1442193,0.8267824,0.0001434435,0.01127459,0.003493106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001264742,0.00005664904,0.01542386,0.000148785,0.00004061098,0.000004560826,0.00004578447,0.00225903,0.9791371,0.0003808199,0.0004968881,0.0007411447],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949449,0.00001461682,0.0006415916,0.001331116,0.0003526948,0.0003116172,0.00007686138,0.000890958,0.001435643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987209,0.00002291856,0.000263769,0.0005272913,0.0001279468,0.0001085703,0.00003494102,0.0001556173,0.00003803529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1523547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053899650","doi":"10.1109/jqe.2004.835212","title":"Switching-induced perturbation and influence on actively Q-switched fiber lasers","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Q-switching; Perturbation (astronomy); Fiber laser; Optics; Pulse (music); Physics; Materials science; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01191543967469087,"gpt":0.2342980381966716,"spread":0.2223825985219807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000177858,0.0001880192,0.0002398833,0.0002085056,0.00005783021,0.00004843512,0.0001960059,0.000135154,0.000002469689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001360868,0.0001668525,0.00006069678,0.0001981159,0.0000221606,0.0003833634,0.000009665456,0.000747936,0.00001060655],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004358376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001078078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005455944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008520536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998959,0.00001619796,0.0003212913,0.0001161646,0.0002492499,0.0003380942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994199,0.00009442943,0.0001586214,0.0001480047,0.0001087507,0.00007032506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002605707,0.00008761262,0.0001016561,0.00005965811,0.0002383634,0.00008348485,0.000995075,0.342522,0.6398242,0.003194318,0.0001525755,0.01248056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002576793,0.002389888,0.0043386,0.0002759244,0.00008784739,0.00039381,0.0003670039,0.01901007,0.9212127,0.04784693,0.0009027689,0.0005976627],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996738,0.0004411019,0.001907384,0.000428768,0.000169909,0.00008116086,0.00000119369,0.0001530157,0.00007950013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988864,0.0006158921,0.000327163,0.00007039231,0.00005541628,0.000002407332,3.087521e-7,0.00003440176,0.000007609364],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3235119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6804049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992354358","doi":"10.1117/12.641414","title":"Development of diode-pumped high average power continuous-wave and ultrashort pulse Yb:KGW lasers for nonlinear microscopy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Laser; Optics; Ultrashort pulse; Materials science; Pulse duration; Continuous wave; Mode-locking; Optoelectronics; Diode; Injection seeder; Pulse (music); Second-harmonic generation; Semiconductor laser theory; Physics; Detector","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007691289253982644,"gpt":0.2112741070559325,"spread":0.2035828178019498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003715664,0.0004093347,0.0005860876,0.0001411046,0.00007567486,0.00008234542,0.0005713451,0.000269778,0.000006882591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000257385,0.0003733359,0.0003572653,0.0002509756,0.000256466,0.000351044,0.0001229383,0.0002675823,5.798667e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001662556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002880249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008581686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.658249e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977758,1.14917e-8,0.0008993447,0.0003728006,0.000460155,0.000491904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984974,0.0001507657,0.0002566724,0.00007151839,0.0009411348,0.00008247216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009364598,0.0001080082,0.000423296,0.0008979304,0.0004912247,1.897409e-7,0.00030563,0.0005666526,0.9356377,0.05940333,0.001727306,0.0003451012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001431912,0.0001909013,0.001458444,0.000269745,0.0001088492,0.00001126407,0.00123276,0.02635914,0.9643125,0.0007945311,0.003352917,0.0004770138],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971938,0.0001143072,0.0003932902,0.0003123189,0.000213425,0.0007608688,0.0002119065,0.0002642443,0.0005358678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6744087,0.00005932596,0.3250718,0.0000180756,0.0001020492,0.0001598228,0.00002852325,0.00008060155,0.00007110152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3246785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995935954","doi":"10.1364/oe.18.004000","title":"Passively Q-switched Yb^3+:NaY(WO_4)_2 laser with GaAs saturable absorber","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Saturable absorption; Materials science; Optics; Pulse (music); Pulse duration; Q-switching; Jitter; Laser; Mode-locking; Optoelectronics; Fiber laser; Telecommunications; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00712852435097601,"gpt":0.2003119546824281,"spread":0.193183430331452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006962447,0.000308863,0.0002675154,0.0001059792,0.00008167447,0.0001215614,0.0004635192,0.0002724248,0.0001035549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005772398,0.0002623752,0.00005003063,0.0002248578,0.0001308682,0.0002373166,0.00009117652,0.0007094002,0.0001587503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003256113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001928497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002275279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007011453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986954,0.000008098045,0.0002111048,0.0002964405,0.000251278,0.0005376923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988689,0.00009716796,0.00004792256,0.0007797877,0.00009422516,0.0001120276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001955978,0.0002441461,0.005348905,0.0003953384,0.0005106817,0.0005070877,0.00150841,0.07789162,0.8641832,0.007434729,0.03314795,0.008632372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001627948,0.000168328,0.002737116,0.0001047472,0.00008653603,0.00007255182,0.0008183465,0.02768778,0.9022753,0.001711397,0.06136561,0.001344358],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799145,0.00006843549,0.002339839,0.0001672064,0.0005574232,0.000239495,0.00003343912,0.001727159,0.01495248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9654553,0.00005565353,0.03310734,0.00003819972,0.0001033544,0.00008471892,0.00001442503,0.0001117232,0.001029282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05020383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107012075","doi":"10.1109/ofc.2002.1036502","title":"Reliability of 980 nm pump lasers for submarine, long-haul terrestrial, and low cost metro applications","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Reliability (semiconductor); Submarine; Heat sink; Fiber laser; Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Environmental science; Optics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Marine engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01783507625482027,"gpt":0.234246900273478,"spread":0.2164118240186577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009192065,0.0001265055,0.0001985576,0.00009189661,0.00003306929,0.00001875675,0.0001679184,0.0000978938,0.0000460041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001528939,0.0001177421,0.00004804807,0.0002256205,0.0001020013,0.00009971398,0.00004300597,0.00008843683,0.0000108615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004641531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003738111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005031627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001394287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992777,0.000006529193,0.0002430257,0.0001889428,0.00007831207,0.0002054563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992426,0.0002246365,0.00003144186,0.0004285247,0.00002596387,0.00004682749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002446425,0.001497286,0.2746273,0.003836058,0.0007982477,0.00001641309,0.0005934096,0.05505326,0.01971177,0.005898952,0.1137291,0.5239936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005018656,0.0003185879,0.04369922,0.00006341883,0.0002067119,0.000009817925,0.0009546204,0.6002355,0.2583323,0.00741539,0.08234553,0.00140026],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8666562,0.0002025322,0.1248103,0.0003899369,0.0001467196,0.00211669,0.0001217944,0.001623747,0.003932118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945294,0.0001596751,0.004679744,0.00001254934,0.00002188526,0.0004120488,0.00001463502,0.00002331613,0.000146693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5451822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4801383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057358381","doi":"10.1364/ol.27.002100","title":"Multifrequency parametric infrared Raman generation in KGd(WO_4)_2 crystal with biharmonic ultrashort-pulse pumping","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Raman scattering; Raman spectroscopy; Femtosecond; Laser; Self-phase modulation; Sapphire; Crystal (programming language); Ultrashort pulse; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Nonlinear optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02348998575230172,"gpt":0.1997862297646083,"spread":0.1762962440123066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008090504,0.0002632804,0.0002254979,0.0005441357,0.00005522991,0.000110944,0.0002381357,0.0001367472,0.00003830217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008719305,0.0002676225,0.00004181884,0.001002945,0.00007560593,0.0003040397,0.00002461872,0.000401187,0.0000363303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000232255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005479109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002138054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003534272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998655,0.00002180504,0.0003203181,0.0002869031,0.0002240457,0.000491912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993964,0.00006401141,0.00004620288,0.0004088621,0.00002573491,0.00005877597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006623341,0.00006539874,0.007416795,0.00008147774,0.00008467105,0.0002954321,0.0007478662,0.6517179,0.3339304,0.00007980846,0.001706195,0.003867446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001113634,0.00008175029,0.00444261,0.00005913943,0.00003317931,0.00003601927,0.0002336511,0.9374874,0.05546783,0.00004125014,0.0002677547,0.0007358168],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919241,0.0001778107,0.005638044,0.0004483659,0.0001525216,0.0002839468,0.00000960851,0.0006640442,0.0007015294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846449,0.000240762,0.01466986,0.0002007351,0.00006050466,0.00006091745,0.00002968752,0.00006628702,0.00002636805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2857695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014921019","doi":"10.1007/s00340-020-07427-2","title":"Continuous-wave dual-wavelength operation of the in-band diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4/Nd:YVO4 composite laser with controllable spectral power ratio","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Wavelength; Continuous wave; Diode; Slope efficiency; Optoelectronics; Laser diode; Quantum optics; Laser power scaling; Power (physics); Diode-pumped solid-state laser; Laser pumping; Distributed feedback laser; Fiber laser; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008595466425611608,"gpt":0.1792177722362156,"spread":0.170622305810604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005239387,0.0002439623,0.0003983784,0.00002707927,0.00005372682,0.00005060661,0.0001735781,0.00008267479,0.0000168952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007538537,0.0001878512,0.00005095893,0.0003590835,0.00009963208,0.0001127064,0.00004051341,0.0002990933,0.00002058777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004861379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002793694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001563948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003030762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989533,0.00001815989,0.0002764617,0.0002420869,0.00021943,0.0002905216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994299,0.00006986118,0.00007625393,0.000340663,0.00004076027,0.00004258386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004016861,0.0001233338,0.00173458,0.000105554,0.0002818409,0.00001963924,0.003485374,0.3047364,0.6729184,0.0132896,0.001913453,0.0009900988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002465639,0.0001089504,0.001747405,0.00002511397,0.0000416302,0.000001818008,0.0005099451,0.05358297,0.9398659,0.001079222,0.0002411141,0.0003302526],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877766,0.0000394583,0.002924224,0.000294959,0.00006855572,0.0007018043,0.00004193593,0.0003099824,0.007842476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991224,0.000008127547,0.0004665961,0.0001823804,0.00006177677,0.00005891244,0.00002166845,0.00005089358,0.00002720366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2669475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7660348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079224131","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.002468","title":"Versatile, compact, TEM_00-mode resonator for side-pumped single-rod solid-state lasers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Resonator; Optics; Laser; Materials science; Curved mirror; Optoelectronics; Lens (geology); Optical cavity; Solid-state laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Diode; Output coupler; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02022426112097222,"gpt":0.2503681820251168,"spread":0.2301439209041446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001002795,0.0003481866,0.0003901853,0.0001641527,0.0001049841,0.00008078239,0.0003828765,0.0001881324,0.00001277917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006622336,0.0003773688,0.00009006842,0.0003261475,0.0001090436,0.0001047762,0.00005668229,0.0002552995,0.0000984009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000199061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002399814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001020277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004615964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983482,0.000006581866,0.0003876876,0.0003187745,0.0002229335,0.0007158083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989055,0.0002749097,0.0000666694,0.0005693253,0.00005916556,0.0001244151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000569488,0.0003848826,0.0007565485,0.0005504479,0.0007819094,0.0001556566,0.002422596,0.6766452,0.2258264,0.01555885,0.0481723,0.02817567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005323004,0.0003545602,0.0004540386,0.0000806224,0.000188111,0.00003346121,0.002667315,0.3728206,0.5334113,0.02445167,0.05823227,0.001983042],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9428064,0.0001423039,0.0260656,0.0003740236,0.0005061079,0.001252914,0.0002116232,0.004153321,0.0244877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854866,0.0001206256,0.01372219,0.0001077633,0.00007802125,0.00009072988,0.00006238386,0.0001362356,0.000195418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3075849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015510276","doi":"10.1364/ol.32.001302","title":"Monolithic fluoride-fiber laser at 1480 nm using fiber Bragg gratings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"ZBLAN; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Fiber laser; Optics; PHOSFOS; Photonic-crystal fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Core (optical fiber); Optoelectronics; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Fluoride; Photon upconversion; Laser; Optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Doping; Wavelength; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01319414813976416,"gpt":0.2238664141189306,"spread":0.2106722659791664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001956032,0.0002903486,0.0002292724,0.0001823038,0.0001134286,0.00006308024,0.0002592989,0.0001933031,0.0001138598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005408265,0.0003091803,0.00008574312,0.0003037509,0.0001073183,0.0001828566,0.000127577,0.0003719887,0.0004468182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003196518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007027299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002436113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001578781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984574,0.0000101792,0.0003353365,0.0002705739,0.0002419639,0.0006844955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999215,0.0001287401,0.00005283456,0.0004797952,0.00003322439,0.00009041555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004240008,0.00004617058,0.004203127,0.0002522711,0.0003232425,0.0006930185,0.0013471,0.393637,0.5538596,0.0002353669,0.03609826,0.009262423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001197742,0.00005758631,0.003471101,0.0001745764,0.0001477623,0.000170754,0.0003334016,0.08805599,0.8555642,0.0003705761,0.04853851,0.001917831],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922292,0.00007460822,0.002603063,0.0005317762,0.0003519116,0.0001498362,0.000009882359,0.001134567,0.002915141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.912886,0.00002823155,0.08389699,0.001332108,0.0002745611,0.00001302605,0.00001962838,0.0002087616,0.001340656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.305581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081504546","doi":"10.1117/12.700838","title":"10W ASE-free single-mode high-power double-cladding Er<sup>3+</sup>-Yb<sup>3+</sup>amplifier","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"CorActive (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Cladding (metalworking); Amplified spontaneous emission; Materials science; Ytterbium; Erbium; Amplifier; Optics; Optical amplifier; Optical pumping; Ion; Slope efficiency; Spontaneous emission; Optoelectronics; Fiber laser; Doping; Laser; Physics; Wavelength; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01405740524797489,"gpt":0.2323950517122706,"spread":0.2183376464642957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001071846,0.0009344594,0.0009593174,0.0004564561,0.0001914279,0.0003211868,0.002750622,0.0007457841,0.0000593498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001003541,0.0008744312,0.0009698393,0.0009870939,0.0005087165,0.001223335,0.0006143991,0.001101559,0.00001485593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000740884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003949235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002701478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.333177e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947452,3.97986e-8,0.001540386,0.0008574704,0.001434077,0.001422831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969099,0.0003992752,0.0003967181,0.0003039337,0.001669187,0.000320989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005147634,0.0003498366,0.0008595436,0.001641727,0.002118899,0.00000356105,0.001855198,0.04179185,0.3962561,0.5254871,0.02813401,0.0009874047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007133241,0.0009254859,0.0006793083,0.001400631,0.0005792801,0.0001258614,0.01043437,0.3309149,0.6165375,0.009223148,0.01934578,0.002700486],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879286,0.0002076008,0.0005359603,0.001493969,0.0004147895,0.0009505951,0.0001816982,0.001346253,0.006940572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8929359,0.0001063546,0.105438,0.0001128724,0.0006254395,0.0002065074,0.00002667574,0.0002881383,0.0002601079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.516264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2256069845","doi":"10.1364/oe.23.032664","title":"Holmium-doped 21 μm waveguide chip laser with an output power &gt; 1 W","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Australian National Fabrication Facility","keywords":"ZBLAN; Materials science; Optics; Laser; Slope efficiency; Holmium; Fiber laser; Laser beam quality; Laser power scaling; Optoelectronics; Waveguide; Thulium; Doping; Physics; Laser beams","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02462608591867452,"gpt":0.2335566912338602,"spread":0.2089306053151857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001166906,0.000278813,0.0002501703,0.0001081595,0.00004054886,0.0001097637,0.0004671857,0.0001602112,0.00001892272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006896851,0.000242829,0.0000328919,0.0001780101,0.00009424193,0.0003096104,0.0001109985,0.0002545145,0.0001127894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006720471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002583604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001060612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001388384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987256,0.00001893198,0.0002115819,0.0002789217,0.000301672,0.0004633148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987507,0.00003477331,0.00003546282,0.0008595017,0.0001152285,0.0002043314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001125629,0.0009979029,0.004524681,0.0004581562,0.001066508,0.002095077,0.01501035,0.7471957,0.06369764,0.01199722,0.1419225,0.009908645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005748322,0.002063295,0.001683302,0.0002625094,0.0001671995,0.000164306,0.006757617,0.1620937,0.6815851,0.003575906,0.1325072,0.003391584],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9514524,0.0001200108,0.004131358,0.00009641756,0.0004293656,0.0002241865,0.00002924785,0.001880229,0.04163677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9677155,0.00002163389,0.0307406,0.00004703711,0.00006939899,0.00004076684,0.00002297328,0.0001071944,0.001234865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6178874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9902281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151612902","doi":"10.1109/lpt.2009.2029244","title":"Modal Gain of 2.4-$\\mu$m InGaAsSb–AlGaAsSb Complex-Coupled Distributed-Feedback Lasers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Grating; Molecular beam epitaxy; Spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Semiconductor laser theory; Optics; Physics; Modal; Coupling coefficient of resonators; Materials science; Layer (electronics); Epitaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01036654221305614,"gpt":0.220131937205969,"spread":0.2097653949929129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001787909,0.0005095598,0.0007115678,0.000795035,0.0001017565,0.00003091558,0.001181428,0.0006298002,0.0000207969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009790994,0.0005693188,0.0001705657,0.001406018,0.0005858745,0.0001650985,0.00009025984,0.0009544297,0.00005101592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003149809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000279391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001824026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001522307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974939,0.00002099413,0.0007287658,0.0004992308,0.0003047894,0.0009523247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984218,0.00009006565,0.0001813262,0.001149673,0.0000766863,0.00008047502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002895394,0.00008345376,0.001048212,0.00005590488,0.0001621525,0.0001186779,0.00007208087,0.06918244,0.9175382,0.00114104,0.008970568,0.001598374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001437637,0.000220052,0.001918318,0.00006858162,0.00007455415,0.00007461707,0.0002587836,0.2274738,0.7601816,0.005804767,0.001600131,0.0008871314],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728492,0.0001732945,0.01548345,0.005458883,0.0003558405,0.0004345078,0.0001536698,0.004872239,0.0002189428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929525,0.0001265024,0.006092316,0.0006246555,0.0000171555,0.00005394522,0.00005571573,0.00007230102,0.000004939805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1582914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032602090","doi":"10.1364/ol.38.001554","title":"Mid-IR laser beam quality measurement through vanadium dioxide optical switching","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Infrared; Visible spectrum; Laser; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Terahertz radiation; Laser beam quality; Beam (structure); Laser beams; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02819694261291579,"gpt":0.2346731841300111,"spread":0.2064762415170953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002362492,0.0002854484,0.0002837414,0.00007145566,0.00007766094,0.000114991,0.0003755948,0.0001349217,0.00004020826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001609826,0.0002833302,0.00009402064,0.0001669242,0.00007562954,0.0003313225,0.00009220477,0.0004116244,0.0003100814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003099894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001186489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001735876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004458578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981971,0.00002195765,0.0003873761,0.0002843412,0.0004822575,0.0006269626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990931,0.00009243097,0.00004141051,0.0006009472,0.00006843602,0.000103678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006556368,0.00006223471,0.0009908193,0.0001806727,0.0002835599,0.00004809368,0.0006916026,0.07607568,0.8973386,0.001175835,0.02122956,0.001916796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001160545,0.00006697574,0.01280446,0.0001386646,0.000103159,0.00001889787,0.001145202,0.01003105,0.9628486,0.003373561,0.006642247,0.0016666],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9454654,0.00007021392,0.04255124,0.007050843,0.0005298167,0.0002950309,0.000005151631,0.001250384,0.0027819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9656009,0.00002954556,0.03245661,0.001651847,0.00009731083,0.00007235768,0.000004703496,0.00006895166,0.0000177832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06604463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1894102777","doi":"10.1139/p99-019","title":"Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped KY<sub>3</sub>F<sub>10</sub> single crystals","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Atomic physics; Laser; Emission spectrum; Luminescence; Radiative transfer; Absorption spectroscopy; Thulium; Spectral line; Doping; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Ion; Optics; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01771482632687032,"gpt":0.2114876195326957,"spread":0.1937727932058254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001534786,0.0003102066,0.0006641918,0.0002586818,0.0001140251,0.00006398417,0.0003113611,0.0001195466,0.00003897559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001909942,0.0003163769,0.0001372632,0.0003973251,0.0003104075,0.0003175831,0.00002109281,0.0003359783,0.00002258477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003439713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002048691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007593426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006755407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984663,0.0000421493,0.0005367188,0.0001817902,0.0002177644,0.0005553295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988423,0.0002030644,0.0001554077,0.0003132247,0.0001689502,0.0003170528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003668898,0.00007034035,0.001183499,0.0004976507,0.001120114,0.0005128554,0.003412893,0.04721164,0.8274896,0.0002638702,0.008880866,0.10932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003296122,0.0001691359,0.0005960508,0.0003324663,0.0001323466,0.00005332466,0.00115275,0.0008058466,0.9928428,0.002701097,0.0005699769,0.00031461],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960499,0.002763137,0.000120906,0.0001498372,0.0001145401,0.0001223846,0.00007029967,0.00007559832,0.0005333535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983016,0.001125543,0.0002591854,0.00003015292,0.0001934675,0.000006027051,0.000001698739,0.00006633693,0.00001598067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1653532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999288,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018420867","doi":"10.1109/jqe.2009.2028031","title":"Experiment and Numerical Modeling of High-Power Passively Q-Switched Ytterbium-Doped Double-Clad Fiber Lasers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ytterbium; Fiber laser; Materials science; Laser; Double-clad fiber; Optics; Doping; Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Physics; Fiber optic sensor","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01627663929590735,"gpt":0.2482855881463679,"spread":0.2320089488504605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001803081,0.0002576399,0.0005285101,0.0002051563,0.00004003042,0.00003378002,0.0002854802,0.0001553617,0.0000188754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002090562,0.0002283805,0.0001179527,0.000215473,0.00004016938,0.0002421731,0.00001824685,0.0005968102,0.0000040252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002187357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008029865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000741011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001028213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983108,0.00002272643,0.0006773866,0.0001554488,0.0003407022,0.0004929354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992536,0.00005225184,0.0002231707,0.0002260428,0.0001401447,0.0001047557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008551927,0.000263564,0.00003870437,0.00006669069,0.0004874435,0.0001380395,0.001048086,0.6759035,0.3118284,0.00300044,0.002179715,0.004190232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002937745,0.001664246,0.0001006399,0.0001219395,0.00009737172,0.0002071646,0.0003866522,0.406408,0.5821511,0.004964242,0.0004912238,0.0004697411],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655839,0.003331677,0.03000044,0.0005389513,0.0002275625,0.0001082338,0.00000251526,0.0001163551,0.0000903348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973242,0.0007924483,0.001725747,0.000048797,0.0000574139,0.000002990281,7.842738e-7,0.00003728792,0.0000103741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2703226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9313087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047631638","doi":"10.1016/s0030-4018(02)02090-4","title":"Generation of 125 mW frequency stabilized continuous-wave tunable laser light at 295 nm by frequency doubling in a BBO crystal","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Communications","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Dye laser; Optoelectronics; Continuous wave; Crystal (programming language); Hyperfine structure; Atomic physics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06785729406913468,"gpt":0.2461043424341861,"spread":0.1782470483650515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001736527,0.0002095744,0.0003115448,0.0002137181,0.0001510373,0.00005107205,0.0007143625,0.0001947284,0.0001575655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001735426,0.0002380252,0.00006566838,0.0005468156,0.000148194,0.000342391,0.0002539983,0.0003704556,0.00003007961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002740085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001609692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001214227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008726377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986182,0.00007050439,0.0006141308,0.0001944448,0.0001711764,0.0003315057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975702,0.0001836034,0.0001133943,0.001937874,0.0001409691,0.00005391763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006209581,0.0005390503,0.003877995,0.0001264479,0.0001429797,0.000009372942,0.003593894,0.01039335,0.9456244,0.02959999,0.005189872,0.0008964508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002423953,0.0001443308,0.0002959038,0.0001717972,0.00008596168,0.00001457453,0.001465203,0.8018414,0.180627,0.006165899,0.005754175,0.001009799],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363605,0.00569966,0.002026648,0.001449537,0.0001312742,0.0006032129,0.0001854566,0.0007017177,0.05284193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9490834,0.002755823,0.04748554,0.00001698667,0.00001269514,0.000141064,0.0001662571,0.00004986489,0.0002883771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7914481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9706386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045666855","doi":"10.1016/j.anncsm.2003.09.004","title":"Laser crystals with low phonon frequencies","year":2003,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Luminescence; Materials science; Photoluminescence; Prism; Ion; Planar; Laser; Coupling (piping); Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Fluorescence; Optics; Phonon; Irradiation; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02218472741964602,"gpt":0.2410079395283337,"spread":0.2188232121086877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009021981,0.0004953913,0.0003982063,0.0004328655,0.0004999035,0.0004717548,0.0009901586,0.0002176272,0.0003587161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005922075,0.0004591919,0.0001007433,0.001940721,0.004626111,0.001115452,0.0001116613,0.0004634251,0.0004621061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006761677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007043537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002220819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965528,0.00007315115,0.0003699622,0.0006581429,0.000590089,0.001755805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983249,0.000149066,0.0001077144,0.0008254407,0.000249436,0.0003434474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000111454,0.001010168,0.03047467,0.003785424,0.0005937064,0.002426934,0.01951895,0.4077565,0.2420776,0.152964,0.01877713,0.1205034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000950183,0.0004799454,0.009535019,0.00117541,0.0001004887,0.001043578,0.006578856,0.0188343,0.890534,0.04502724,0.02405995,0.001680965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9485309,0.005693209,0.02010759,0.000785287,0.0007589877,0.0003167901,0.000059571,0.0008379566,0.02290973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9007178,0.001776344,0.09538405,0.0001775256,0.00007314927,0.00004464741,0.000003554006,0.00007916275,0.001743768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6484565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074289143","doi":"10.1364/ol.34.003358","title":"Epitaxial neodymium-doped sapphire films, a new active medium for waveguide lasers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Neodymium; Sapphire; Materials science; Lasing threshold; Epitaxy; Doping; Optoelectronics; Ti:sapphire laser; Optics; Laser; Molecular beam epitaxy; Crystal (programming language); Layer (electronics); Nanotechnology; Physics; Wavelength","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01165961047231745,"gpt":0.2266915412115529,"spread":0.2150319307392355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005834578,0.0002731709,0.0002629955,0.0001370276,0.00006572349,0.00005561964,0.0003458757,0.0001470305,0.00002101926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001305416,0.0002879981,0.0001096229,0.0001971059,0.00005728543,0.0001744527,0.00003083808,0.0002428827,0.00003708807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001089532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000282509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001143322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009304884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987702,0.000007753753,0.0002463118,0.0002553074,0.0001759783,0.0005444197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993249,0.0001096073,0.00004320177,0.0003738423,0.00002960031,0.0001188767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001530915,0.00005266858,0.00003361415,0.00009431822,0.0003079931,0.0001460951,0.001310621,0.09293561,0.3730896,0.002212827,0.5010793,0.02858437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004883287,0.0005492081,0.002257589,0.0001586656,0.0002522888,0.00004908249,0.001499626,0.1764264,0.7368962,0.00473078,0.0700103,0.002286546],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8593121,0.0001594795,0.07958551,0.04661243,0.00186555,0.001457491,0.0001772379,0.004183057,0.006647179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8700694,0.0001259901,0.1235477,0.004805456,0.0006189446,0.00007484569,0.0001174089,0.0001453926,0.0004949082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4310689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283657942","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108399","title":"Plate laser beam splitter with mixture-based quarter-wave coating design","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Coating; Materials science; Quarter (Canadian coin); Beam splitter; Beam (structure); Laser beams; Laser; Splitter; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01276275582888739,"gpt":0.1975861014392102,"spread":0.1848233456103228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002144545,0.0004619931,0.00045066,0.0007181903,0.0002989848,0.0000568892,0.0006561397,0.0003515216,0.0001402756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005034503,0.000462468,0.00007037365,0.001209556,0.0002664913,0.0001105063,0.0002463464,0.001214002,0.00006018013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002404662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005626406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005359659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001355116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997814,0.00004283036,0.0004051044,0.0005258732,0.0003421414,0.0008700343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985441,0.0001792847,0.0001090637,0.001024564,0.0000722992,0.0000706821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001437524,0.0001982053,0.001213281,0.000102981,0.0002593956,0.001143558,0.0002492651,0.9659649,0.01865542,0.001057865,0.00824415,0.002767263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002501534,0.001528727,0.00008097629,0.00005962971,0.0001356085,0.0003170982,0.002336713,0.2050776,0.7722797,0.004755928,0.009542124,0.001384282],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8761495,0.0001643198,0.1108003,0.002439308,0.0003871676,0.0008426139,0.0001069192,0.007952209,0.001157658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9297075,0.00001073971,0.06918564,0.0002477671,0.00002757315,0.0005210458,0.00004378283,0.0001481631,0.0001078084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7608872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041142882","doi":"10.1007/s00340-007-2636-4","title":"Quantum dot saturable absorber for passive mode locking of Nd:YVO4 lasers at 1064 nm","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Saturable absorption; Materials science; Laser; Mode-locking; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Quantum optics; Quantum dot; Optics; Quantum dot laser; Power (physics); Semiconductor laser theory; Fiber laser; Physics; Diode","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01196946629691225,"gpt":0.2342726938193599,"spread":0.2223032275224476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007084786,0.0002188724,0.0002818832,0.00005803916,0.0000679476,0.00001268723,0.0002272128,0.0001294315,0.000005954792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009357251,0.0002275054,0.00008629032,0.0002385179,0.00007191831,0.00006855629,0.00006609064,0.0001680702,0.0000302517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001283398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009699058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000322342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000353453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989094,0.000002281047,0.0002466908,0.0002184234,0.0001619779,0.0004612043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.0002003639,0.00007862641,0.0003830038,0.00004399664,0.00004533185],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001371694,0.00007915375,0.0004551481,0.0004089102,0.0002689341,0.000006535582,0.0008670024,0.3989109,0.4792666,0.08909434,0.01070758,0.01979768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006518282,0.00002553554,0.0002038313,0.00002534461,0.00003615582,8.481198e-7,0.0005461434,0.03339471,0.929025,0.03239349,0.003336706,0.0003604348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9510784,0.00008435945,0.04288403,0.00001800967,0.000192128,0.0004439821,0.00006514676,0.0007036432,0.004530374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969376,0.00001789396,0.00269359,0.00002766572,0.00008404815,0.00007406515,0.00003932271,0.00007515193,0.00005062625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4497584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9277403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W158002236","doi":"10.1023/a:1023985013315","title":"A Global Optimization Approach to Laser Design","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optimization and Engineering","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Flatness (cosmology); Extrapolation; Computer science; Laser; Range (aeronautics); Field (mathematics); Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Optics; Physics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01097990576207841,"gpt":0.185961991662973,"spread":0.1749820859008946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007332982,0.0001535798,0.0001173704,0.0001027005,0.00003520264,0.00005969722,0.00006782179,0.00008679945,0.00001027054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007917815,0.0001702806,0.00001552915,0.0004908611,0.000008177524,0.0001385545,0.00001478892,0.00005413889,0.000003455599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006631425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005570648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.411097e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.274119e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994093,0.000009219603,0.0001308417,0.0001578462,0.00007793197,0.0002148297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997295,0.0000152729,0.000009212906,0.0001377819,0.00002404259,0.00008416628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001262251,0.000007002489,0.00004354079,0.00002164175,0.00001191164,7.217665e-7,0.00004499824,0.9989367,0.00002134299,0.0005136208,0.000238326,0.0001589214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001711187,0.00001121242,0.00003122135,0.000009331297,0.000007089006,0.00001104417,0.00004703577,0.9986665,0.0004718144,0.00000713087,0.0003742827,0.000192272],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009772456,0.0001079394,0.9936095,0.00001354791,0.000136016,0.0001900301,0.000003649817,0.00113382,0.003828181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.189563,0.00009245765,0.8102031,0.00002149813,0.00001386027,0.00004332825,0.000008574829,0.00003151243,0.00002268305],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1885857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6943842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890029362","doi":"10.1364/ome.8.003000","title":"Dispersion and anisotropy of thermo-optical properties of Alexandrite laser crystal","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Materials Express","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Anisotropy; Optics; Laser; Dispersion (optics); Lens (geology); Polarization (electrochemistry); Crystal (programming language); Refractive index; Birefringence; Thermal; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0116319819340818,"gpt":0.2034176381467966,"spread":0.1917856562127148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000731472,0.0001431648,0.0003062218,0.00004545847,0.00002301876,0.00002697623,0.0001388654,0.0001260894,0.0001210872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006896447,0.0001095639,0.00002485283,0.00005079158,0.0005726716,0.0001100578,0.0001420055,0.00004933967,0.000009073953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009766504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004250724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008148752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.068098e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991971,0.00001745808,0.0002823055,0.000149814,0.0001368122,0.0002164948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995894,0.0000308216,0.00003025695,0.0002459355,0.00005714731,0.00004647232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001140787,0.00002882079,0.00004739288,0.0002350674,0.00002313787,0.000002527685,0.0001600384,0.00002486531,0.9972653,0.001696558,0.00007079737,0.0003313958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003061152,0.0001566934,0.0007986394,0.0001300244,0.00001746014,0.000003911369,0.0001234642,0.0003260582,0.9976252,0.0002866882,0.00009908377,0.0001267102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981775,0.00008597792,0.000399629,0.00003506417,0.0001732945,0.0001364292,0.00003994674,0.0001742269,0.0007779577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959656,0.00006883777,0.00384185,0.000004146494,0.00005777565,0.00001179818,0.00000187533,0.00002722598,0.00002087176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003442221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4467885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805813792","doi":"10.1364/ol.43.002748","title":"High-energy picosecond pulses from a 2850 nm fiber amplifier","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laserax (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Picosecond; Nanosecond; Amplifier; Fiber laser; Optoelectronics; Diode; Laser; Optical fiber; Optical amplifier; Physics; Wavelength","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007679646113305769,"gpt":0.1884175515659694,"spread":0.1807379054526637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002668165,0.0001955001,0.0001803507,0.00009342743,0.00005210857,0.00007763489,0.0002854106,0.0001164544,0.0004856264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002341287,0.0002000034,0.0000449382,0.0001446709,0.0001475601,0.0001228419,0.00007345414,0.0001486277,0.0004793922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004504676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004531274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001199813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006642465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999105,0.000008399948,0.0001767271,0.0002190924,0.000125007,0.0003658137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993456,0.00007376515,0.00002499135,0.0004776192,0.00002516281,0.0000528766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005156831,0.0001012177,0.001242618,0.00008451412,0.001046691,0.0003016392,0.001150915,0.01794481,0.4533337,0.02012665,0.4618095,0.04280612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001910983,0.0002175247,0.00717248,0.0001257391,0.0001670145,0.00002215168,0.0003476166,0.0249342,0.6373544,0.01931426,0.3060333,0.002400336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979503,0.00007821944,0.01421021,0.001086876,0.0007731427,0.00005495154,0.00006301199,0.001028785,0.003201789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755245,0.00003217448,0.02216766,0.001432504,0.0003897764,0.00002132299,0.00003743135,0.00006975485,0.0003248058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1840207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8155903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2917404046","doi":"10.1364/josab.36.000736","title":"Effect of the thermally excited lower laser level in a neodymium-doped fiber","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Optics; Neodymium; Absorption cross section; Excited state; Absorption (acoustics); Atomic physics; Cross section (physics); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006650038991972836,"gpt":0.2189284419769709,"spread":0.2122784029849981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003291688,0.0001449571,0.0004208894,0.00002618112,0.000020081,0.000009583398,0.0006668115,0.00011103,0.00009014006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001568827,0.00007419186,0.0005409147,0.0004328716,0.0002885414,0.00008270326,0.000153666,0.0005418424,0.00001073424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007654944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002737125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001215595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.341653e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988624,0.00007072598,0.0004240426,0.00007623738,0.0003494809,0.0002170415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988994,0.0004276826,0.0002220624,0.0003526793,0.00006666947,0.00003150298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001127649,0.0006733938,0.0554336,0.001327155,0.002172937,0.00001967611,0.003609612,0.5123115,0.3333009,0.00007809947,0.0323864,0.05755904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007362483,0.003598541,0.2609119,0.001611467,0.0004269651,0.0001073311,0.001927452,0.1002677,0.6147304,0.00056509,0.007590174,0.0009005435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975417,0.00008240963,0.0001655541,0.0009688102,0.0002285214,0.0001779253,0.000005276535,0.00002139395,0.0008083818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970298,0.00005450561,0.002582734,0.0000986774,0.00002322712,0.000001803634,1.038436e-7,0.00002264842,0.0001865375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4120439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3025456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1790582020","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.008326","title":"Compact linearly polarized ceramic laser made with anisotropic nanostructured thin films","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Thin film; Anisotropy; Ceramic; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01282933579515959,"gpt":0.2086291785600481,"spread":0.1957998427648885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004762087,0.0002750803,0.0002900609,0.00009061338,0.0000447178,0.00008775216,0.0003173008,0.0002036007,0.00002009672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001988843,0.0002318463,0.00002963554,0.0002766255,0.00009480576,0.00008625065,0.00004620897,0.000378596,0.0001038343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008097276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003640376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002344199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001382471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989378,0.00000760396,0.0002023059,0.0002073406,0.0002426354,0.0004022638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992762,0.00003393436,0.0000413174,0.0004828664,0.00004465294,0.0001210761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006449096,0.0001864519,0.005351713,0.0002961711,0.0009948878,0.0002788869,0.00471149,0.5408771,0.3892413,0.02815602,0.02696101,0.002300071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01225976,0.000726604,0.009390519,0.0000835983,0.000291169,0.0001367582,0.004915784,0.2673774,0.6788815,0.01536119,0.007718952,0.002856674],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837968,0.000097858,0.004967274,0.0001201557,0.0002945325,0.0003736035,0.00004403764,0.002335657,0.007970038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9605095,0.0000172352,0.03908929,0.00007322431,0.00004511223,0.00001115668,0.00004293222,0.00008011433,0.0001314258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2896402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9454415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}