{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":369,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":369,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"5ed538a4f638","filters":{"topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena"}},"results":[{"id":"W1979546093","doi":"10.1103/physreve.70.051605","title":"Modeling elastic and plastic deformations in nonequilibrium processing using phase field crystals","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":828,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Materials science; Phase (matter); Field (mathematics); Phase transition; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0429162600690092,"gpt":0.3446575176171007,"spread":0.3017412575480914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002433089,0.0002610738,0.0004263983,0.000308928,0.0005440909,0.0007248655,0.0008028918,0.001041902,0.0009409563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004835376,0.0003350737,0.0004968003,0.0003530628,0.0009594914,0.0009314353,0.0004207332,0.0006740755,0.0001139241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000874871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009809658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005391331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003664626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999311,0.00001622549,0.000002846514,0.000009473363,0.00002825765,0.00001205063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998069,0.0001193501,0.00001989779,0.00001656415,0.00001872564,0.00001850932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009605913,0.00002407632,0.0003217112,0.00001374819,0.000006966817,0.00007122179,0.00002495456,0.9552788,0.00307858,0.0392125,0.0001351189,0.001822779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002782584,0.0000035868,0.00005814208,0.000001087884,9.854768e-7,0.000007568105,0.000003220075,0.9947438,0.0002733856,0.004629351,0.0002734594,0.000002609074],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3754729,0.0009514164,0.6046283,0.0007489842,0.0001380812,0.0000861882,0.00018176,0.0002457028,0.01754663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9317647,0.000870171,0.0587144,0.00007948324,0.00004636649,0.0001840292,0.00009262626,0.0000704482,0.008177826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005391331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0107199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092961439","doi":"10.1017/s0022112009992679","title":"Sharp-interface limit of the Cahn–Hilliard model for moving contact lines","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Limit (mathematics); Computation; Singularity; Interface (matter); Scaling; Interface model; Diffusion; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematics; Algorithm; Thermodynamics; Bubble","authors":[{"name":"Pengtao Yue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunfeng Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"James J. Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0276202608657817,"gpt":0.2712552939172707,"spread":0.243635033051489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004987662,0.0003888788,0.0004335465,0.0005145023,0.0004027451,0.0008814205,0.001446112,0.00114445,0.001558217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002623302,0.0002925893,0.0005602369,0.0002547702,0.001078746,0.001887903,0.0007382256,0.000946465,0.0002346369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007987333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004660693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003642609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002300143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998682,0.00002698309,0.00000675358,0.00002384553,0.00005104362,0.00002323239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959,0.0001666406,0.00005559078,0.00005728458,0.00007265585,0.00005775083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000748055,0.0000642188,0.001454098,0.00008061374,0.00002604809,0.000330728,0.0002044797,0.6580319,0.01720949,0.3135445,0.0009357482,0.008043504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008602101,0.000007579594,0.00008421642,0.000002577057,0.000002057538,0.00001467731,0.000009279877,0.9878743,0.0004855957,0.01135901,0.0001468864,0.000005142804],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2638296,0.0005100062,0.7260222,0.0003894358,0.00003808841,0.00005672499,0.00005708076,0.000331812,0.008764876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9197886,0.0002403265,0.07606208,0.000116478,0.00002037313,0.0000796315,0.00005721716,0.00006009279,0.003575276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003642609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007242858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072801225","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.96.225504","title":"Phase-Field Crystals with Elastic Interactions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research","funders":"","keywords":"Phase (matter); Physics; Magnitude (astronomy); Field (mathematics); Phonon; Vibration; Atomic units; Condensed matter physics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Peter Stefanovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikko Haataja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01844854431629478,"gpt":0.3079365930707069,"spread":0.2894880487544121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001744593,0.0001913839,0.0002830852,0.0001347582,0.0003368589,0.0003225217,0.0007153613,0.0006062031,0.00107491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003858322,0.0001808606,0.0002764951,0.0001607324,0.0003973767,0.0005602436,0.0003784151,0.0004805001,0.0001361186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002337372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000450163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001851562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001430344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999146,0.00002013103,0.000002520177,0.00001251325,0.00003940829,0.0000108034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998599,0.00006348771,0.00001885048,0.00002587074,0.00001844327,0.00001340052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008261076,0.0001733895,0.001491477,0.000180703,0.00004113993,0.0005173533,0.0001260728,0.5567847,0.08120673,0.3336237,0.002158424,0.02361353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000234923,0.00002361213,0.0001005309,0.000003389115,0.000004466934,0.00008139168,0.000006014186,0.9793577,0.007978927,0.009511688,0.002900027,0.00000873658],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4054528,0.0005112512,0.5670038,0.0005523646,0.0002194532,0.00009603058,0.0002049278,0.0002528133,0.02570664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8498374,0.0004300099,0.1451921,0.00009375136,0.00005729846,0.0001123774,0.0001253733,0.00006353052,0.004088248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001851562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00368154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965925077","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.105.045702","title":"Free Energy Functionals for Efficient Phase Field Crystal Modeling of Structural Phase Transformations","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mesoscopic physics; Planar; Phase (matter); Anisotropy; Physics; Density functional theory; Lattice (music); Materials science; Statistical physics; Computational physics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Michael Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jörg Rottler","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02591518400485972,"gpt":0.3222651706151816,"spread":0.2963499866103219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009731914,0.0006621233,0.0008016832,0.0008453493,0.0008123225,0.000670285,0.001135721,0.001269648,0.002675631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00135866,0.0002990114,0.0006258088,0.001030151,0.0006466798,0.0009858819,0.0007492133,0.001249589,0.0006097438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008585103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001203471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003353447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003214056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997824,0.00009913833,0.000008146777,0.00001032396,0.00007774706,0.0000222965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996423,0.0002022493,0.00001901514,0.0000554291,0.00005806744,0.00002301572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002395373,0.00003472891,0.0001850627,0.00007135198,0.0000177408,0.0001025389,0.00004258224,0.6425395,0.002364196,0.3427913,0.002133826,0.009693163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005842019,0.000003695389,0.00001974152,0.000003473596,0.000001324423,0.00000691157,0.000003931167,0.975222,0.0002445267,0.02377431,0.000710992,0.000003298871],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05166934,0.0008762329,0.9265131,0.0007385964,0.0001097733,0.0000917145,0.0004050838,0.0004240274,0.01917205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6605639,0.001207187,0.3238419,0.0003186861,0.000127892,0.0009983993,0.0007671255,0.0008512953,0.01132367],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003353447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00895083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079610671","doi":"10.1103/physreve.73.031609","title":"Diffusive atomistic dynamics of edge dislocations in two dimensions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Climb; Dislocation; Condensed matter physics; Peierls stress; Annihilation; Dislocation creep; Lattice (music); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Joel Berry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.014434282015624,"gpt":0.3128403235104784,"spread":0.2984060414948544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001772847,0.0002571927,0.0003727237,0.0004064101,0.000514933,0.0006530518,0.0006057359,0.0006785496,0.00110495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006549319,0.00026787,0.0003542558,0.0002677995,0.001100736,0.0008118884,0.0005732949,0.0004340665,0.00007145253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009202474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004097094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004958988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00287119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999301,0.00001637838,0.00000331223,0.000009784648,0.0000217838,0.00001850828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998326,0.00007037666,0.00002979077,0.0000162896,0.00001962234,0.00003122376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001054705,0.00007971007,0.003348557,0.0000788344,0.00005346747,0.000602342,0.0002955305,0.8058779,0.0169452,0.1677002,0.0005602469,0.00435252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002073629,0.00001629809,0.0006918424,0.000002836044,0.000003669294,0.00005884105,0.00002883994,0.9851289,0.0004171632,0.01328286,0.0003371676,0.00001075799],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9170752,0.00058373,0.07234625,0.0004439843,0.00004700778,0.0000394511,0.0001043176,0.0001370559,0.009222998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920398,0.0001992552,0.006099946,0.00003440667,0.000008690728,0.00002857025,0.00003811345,0.00001170596,0.001539638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004958988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009860218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073861643","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.009","title":"Phase-field simulation of solidification morphology in laser powder deposition of Ti–Nb alloys","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Deposition (geology); Directional solidification; Casting; Alloy; Phase field models; Phase (matter); Heat transfer; Temperature gradient; Finite element method; Metallurgy; Laser; Thermal; Composite material; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Vahid Fallah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Morteza Amoorezaei","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen F. Corbin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amir Khajepour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03190826995277508,"gpt":0.3102263219374236,"spread":0.2783180519846485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002569222,0.0002837051,0.0004252714,0.0003487038,0.0005856337,0.0005556737,0.0008003199,0.001056595,0.003760852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009300719,0.000466391,0.0004157031,0.0003723248,0.0004557942,0.0004923161,0.0002487637,0.0005389526,0.000204144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001181359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001089821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01760338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01096939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999264,0.00001444273,0.000002601749,0.000007230604,0.00002528128,0.00002392328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994665,0.0003708156,0.00003458625,0.00002039176,0.00007724529,0.00003057377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002473945,0.0001207993,0.001914189,0.00009931922,0.00002217225,0.0002683133,0.00009635194,0.9763901,0.01323942,0.004371838,0.0003979678,0.002832231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004654222,0.00002685964,0.0005596183,0.000003232264,0.000002873577,0.00001078478,0.0000165456,0.996903,0.002000686,0.0002490671,0.0001767065,0.000004021094],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979373,0.0001772463,0.006197087,0.0002491886,0.0000339375,0.00004642304,0.0002025348,0.0001336817,0.0135868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965144,0.00005515095,0.00200863,0.00001896595,0.00000783352,0.00002286592,0.00007289145,0.00003565135,0.001263622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01760338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03500187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069626236","doi":"10.1103/physreve.80.046107","title":"Phase field crystal study of deformation and plasticity in nanocrystalline materials","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research","funders":"","keywords":"Nanocrystalline material; Materials science; Crystal plasticity; Plasticity; Formalism (music); Crystal (programming language); Phase (matter); Dynamic relaxation; Condensed matter physics; Field (mathematics); Mechanics; Statistical physics; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Geometry; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Peter Stefanovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikko Haataja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02486067308626678,"gpt":0.3328908521932911,"spread":0.3080301791070243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009905048,0.0001294528,0.0002416976,0.000162037,0.0002916766,0.0001693006,0.0004338862,0.000341153,0.0009428648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002786578,0.00008954475,0.0001716224,0.0001575369,0.0003811816,0.00037258,0.0002200897,0.0004356426,0.00008714452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003138169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004686092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00204589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00141888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999641,0.00000602619,9.692868e-7,0.000006396739,0.00001746084,0.000005139732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999123,0.00004668325,0.000009783315,0.00000978858,0.00001456149,0.000006954367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004631345,0.00009230209,0.001219853,0.0002290753,0.00002744858,0.0004133794,0.0001578104,0.3874343,0.172152,0.4112602,0.002492635,0.02447459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001677606,0.00002849016,0.0003712183,0.000005429628,0.000003539926,0.00009103185,0.00001490922,0.9612929,0.01285732,0.02226417,0.003046036,0.000008100498],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5016421,0.003210478,0.464624,0.001442061,0.0002754121,0.0001174605,0.0002646761,0.000231296,0.02819248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8903524,0.0009565125,0.1036331,0.0000917931,0.00007642564,0.00009229274,0.00008360863,0.00005570332,0.004658157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00204589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004067898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056194027","doi":"10.1103/physreve.64.021604","title":"Sharp interface limits of phase-field models","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ostwald ripening; Spinodal decomposition; Curvature; Spinodal; Diffusion equation; Phase field models; Mean curvature; Diffusion; Limit (mathematics); Field (mathematics); Phase (matter); Physics; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"J Kosterlitz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03161943168575162,"gpt":0.3598114041140466,"spread":0.328191972428295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009204838,0.0005591287,0.0005719957,0.001146442,0.0004849619,0.001360278,0.001371528,0.001135756,0.002961395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004496578,0.0002938182,0.0008231492,0.0004001639,0.001481228,0.003281819,0.001860971,0.001693952,0.0004105093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008340207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005738044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002073834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00105742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995652,0.0001242518,0.00001854074,0.00005074639,0.0001657486,0.00007549172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990061,0.0004333532,0.0001301154,0.0001078628,0.0001735697,0.0001490756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001757561,0.00002956183,0.0002721031,0.00002745702,0.000009499242,0.00008284513,0.0001013722,0.05844589,0.001390528,0.9371913,0.0006306,0.001801167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001366251,0.00001668299,0.0001112837,0.000009643868,0.00000531488,0.00004732834,0.00003168545,0.6290681,0.0003900249,0.3694079,0.0008883683,0.00001007875],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2340282,0.001774999,0.7046838,0.001059553,0.0001038105,0.0001264843,0.0002878504,0.0004157881,0.05751954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9524092,0.0009035413,0.03575921,0.0002510599,0.00009281355,0.0001549399,0.000230061,0.00009237281,0.01010692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002961395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009906888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063551397","doi":"10.1007/s11663-000-0117-9","title":"Freckle formation and freckle criterion in superalloy castings","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Superalloy; Materials science; Directional solidification; Temperature gradient; Anisotropy; Metallurgy; Rayleigh number; Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Optics","authors":[{"name":"P. Auburtin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tongli Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steve Cockcroft","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Mitchell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01122406951339695,"gpt":0.2127639391562858,"spread":0.2015398696428889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007028563,0.0002421065,0.0005567484,0.001345244,0.0008624413,0.001030665,0.0008785396,0.0006765811,0.001639151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002799663,0.0004535532,0.0002331423,0.0003219819,0.0008342961,0.001114195,0.0003627811,0.0006845927,0.0003230507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001008588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007673731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005225933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01106294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996101,0.00006397015,0.00001957039,0.00007693759,0.0001606061,0.00006879627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987778,0.0005796343,0.0001331563,0.00009470532,0.0003122992,0.000102489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001278153,0.0002799368,0.006229293,0.0002326189,0.00001949762,0.0006371044,0.0005339161,0.06876671,0.4752176,0.3246792,0.003113389,0.1190127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003572609,0.0003399137,0.007658105,0.00004279141,0.00001800274,0.0004042463,0.0001826301,0.4394205,0.5110051,0.03604625,0.004761013,0.0000857663],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8156742,0.001333659,0.166138,0.000131383,0.00004722299,0.00005728878,0.00008710913,0.0004114656,0.01611962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649532,0.0001887797,0.02887536,0.00001112891,0.00001081944,0.0000191126,0.00007081351,0.0001165997,0.005754225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005225933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127166951","doi":"10.1007/s11837-007-0095-3","title":"Using the phase-field crystal method in the multi-scale modeling of microstructure evolution","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JOM","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Eutectic system; Crystal (programming language); Alloy; Phase (matter); Crystal growth; Condensed matter physics; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Physics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"N. Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan A. Dantzig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Badrinarayan P. Athreya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philemon Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Stefanovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nigel Goldenfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06919269076860637,"gpt":0.3764932986675403,"spread":0.3073006078989339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004303019,0.0003946593,0.0005996822,0.0003801807,0.0005435894,0.0006073542,0.001010726,0.001198447,0.001781402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008324509,0.0003922038,0.0005790819,0.0005172904,0.000537707,0.0009068439,0.0004089251,0.0007389287,0.0002609364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007843482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001077091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008808061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007983613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999199,0.00002344064,0.000003319267,0.00001090064,0.00003390127,0.000008561184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997568,0.0001315236,0.00002495421,0.00002648197,0.00004444761,0.00001582466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001420527,0.00002269242,0.0002820278,0.00003793835,0.00001537071,0.00005117426,0.0000219256,0.9672573,0.00561494,0.02039842,0.0002731306,0.006011021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001685194,0.00000144283,0.00001811941,5.034793e-7,6.768996e-7,0.000003248173,9.109636e-7,0.9991127,0.0001866878,0.0004995686,0.0001734546,0.00000109058],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.03217794,0.0001885741,0.9616933,0.000123586,0.00006245884,0.00005340508,0.00008258212,0.0003412831,0.00527686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5885807,0.0005089026,0.4036998,0.0001034659,0.00006944624,0.0003776039,0.000164698,0.000367966,0.006127462],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008808061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01751363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059769743","doi":"10.1103/physreve.83.031601","title":"Phase-field-crystal methodology for modeling of structural transformations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cubic crystal system; Phase diagram; Phase (matter); Crystal (programming language); Materials science; Anisotropy; Symmetry (geometry); Field (mathematics); Condensed matter physics; Physics; Statistical physics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Michael Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jörg Rottler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2067920578117053,"gpt":0.4091635548183704,"spread":0.2023714970066651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008879966,0.0007585742,0.0007940143,0.0008957838,0.0007180161,0.0005351811,0.001658182,0.001246768,0.003552212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001042122,0.000289794,0.0009502505,0.001000269,0.0007616869,0.0008577025,0.0007370168,0.001311935,0.0007002612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007358529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001175987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002680871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002313603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998253,0.00007055995,0.000007450373,0.00001654918,0.00006273792,0.00001745252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997101,0.0001355399,0.00003011503,0.00005834817,0.00004732317,0.00001844573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001231325,0.00004130424,0.0002697948,0.0001143245,0.0000288357,0.00008018935,0.0000441654,0.5051637,0.004341408,0.4782751,0.001461219,0.01016772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007538321,0.0000101931,0.00003171311,0.000009480735,0.000003861645,0.0000199344,0.00000636328,0.9480453,0.000631194,0.04756894,0.003657358,0.000008138572],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008191884,0.0003313686,0.984036,0.0002312781,0.00006566893,0.0001113569,0.0002303022,0.000182782,0.006619377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2025761,0.0009156993,0.7876223,0.0002306488,0.00009611938,0.00160065,0.0004783993,0.0004915461,0.005988646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003552212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01188326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991502296","doi":"10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074002","title":"Molecular-dynamics study of solid–liquid interface migration in fcc metals","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Molecular dynamics; Melting point; Diffusion; Thermodynamics; Embedded atom model; Kinetic energy; Interatomic potential; Atom (system on chip); Chemical physics; Crystal (programming language); Computational chemistry; Composite material; Classical mechanics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mikhail I. Mendelev","is_ca":false},{"name":"M.J. Rahman","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.J. Hoyt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark Asta","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01683076160241173,"gpt":0.2673495858511754,"spread":0.2505188242487636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001637475,0.0003308961,0.0005264359,0.0003817343,0.0007252773,0.0006074735,0.000722141,0.0006826997,0.00165292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007474248,0.0002445553,0.0003509503,0.0003482709,0.0006393916,0.0005724393,0.0002682756,0.0006227826,0.0001194076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00167204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001110138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02878161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01520728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999316,0.000009201329,0.00000212575,0.000008475643,0.00002019573,0.00002849397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997252,0.0001233848,0.00003012441,0.00001995099,0.00005496419,0.00004633899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003226225,0.0002523879,0.00579138,0.00009854964,0.00007593512,0.0004121253,0.0002935831,0.9596537,0.01657161,0.011855,0.0006802552,0.003992776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003207369,0.00003040826,0.0007768288,0.000003818179,0.000005585704,0.000008910035,0.00002975543,0.9971923,0.001468526,0.0002652492,0.0001804568,0.000006104157],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958301,0.0001029558,0.00170479,0.0001258113,0.000008442037,0.00001678141,0.00009872494,0.00004719119,0.002065237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978405,0.00005768231,0.001417227,0.00001695276,0.000003625629,0.00002140995,0.0001182649,0.00001175166,0.0005126058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02878161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05722815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968111431","doi":"10.1103/physreve.82.021605","title":"Phase-field-crystal dynamics for binary systems: Derivation from dynamical density functional theory, amplitude equation formalism, and applications to alloy heterostructures","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research","funders":"","keywords":"Heterojunction; Amplitude; Binary number; Atomic units; Density functional theory; Physics; Crystal (programming language); Formalism (music); Materials science; Statistical physics; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Zhi-Feng Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02617119419133252,"gpt":0.3120454457942378,"spread":0.2858742516029053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005392077,0.0004648161,0.0005496814,0.0005184282,0.0003565023,0.0006016108,0.0006911597,0.0007458364,0.001521335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001148331,0.0002317253,0.0006132611,0.0004440353,0.0007401321,0.0009080825,0.0006080157,0.0007782514,0.0002793989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007444573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007215769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003284968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002149075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998935,0.00002831629,0.000006721149,0.00001325623,0.00004695192,0.00001127362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997299,0.0001274999,0.00003040496,0.00002305304,0.00006669755,0.00002239083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001323801,0.00004167099,0.0005581725,0.0001418787,0.00002257443,0.0001414112,0.0001494452,0.2416097,0.008758718,0.7331631,0.0009243663,0.01447565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002784156,0.000006641362,0.0001034734,0.000005606938,0.000001681079,0.00004139972,0.000006643592,0.9525548,0.0003309569,0.04621471,0.000725874,0.000005423479],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04925317,0.001316359,0.9372933,0.0005045573,0.0001322774,0.00008785804,0.000167477,0.00008997224,0.0111551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7674888,0.002468937,0.2175284,0.0002389659,0.0001533524,0.000456633,0.0003145275,0.0001764873,0.01117381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003284968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006531656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007953316","doi":"10.1063/1.1397329","title":"Magic number behavior for heat capacities of medium-sized classical Lennard-Jones clusters","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Maxima; Cluster (spacecraft); Magic number (chemistry); Heat capacity; Cluster size; Parallel tempering; Specific heat; Upper and lower bounds","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03360599421390305,"gpt":0.2804179018586317,"spread":0.2468119076447287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007747473,0.0002394954,0.0003383116,0.0008220318,0.0006035351,0.0005371122,0.0008514099,0.0003559624,0.001006788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003859482,0.000319865,0.0002888575,0.0006008074,0.001350412,0.0009987568,0.000392446,0.000639922,0.00008420006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001290718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007621283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003235379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002450803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997496,0.0000517738,0.00001002305,0.00003843681,0.0001057455,0.00004450417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887,0.0006386389,0.00008681377,0.0001208649,0.0001919082,0.000091737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014581,0.00004352047,0.004310155,0.00007856549,0.00003446573,0.0001087774,0.0001810064,0.892121,0.01789613,0.08006548,0.0003589729,0.004656215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001015382,0.00002019245,0.0007936934,0.000003357685,0.000003022223,0.00001333216,0.000008434331,0.9828424,0.007626541,0.008444654,0.0002200042,0.00001418945],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9330901,0.0002281332,0.06246978,0.0001445606,0.0000258819,0.000044867,0.0001110686,0.0002955252,0.003590076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885378,0.00005146235,0.01081946,0.00001091487,0.000004224029,0.0000375364,0.0000862083,0.00004839344,0.0004039906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003235379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009364903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153142220","doi":"10.1142/s0217979205032917","title":"MULTISCALE MODELING OF SOLIDIFICATION: PHASE-FIELD METHODS TO ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Modern Physics B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptive mesh refinement; Phase (matter); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Phase field models; Computation; Limit (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Statistical physics; Computational science; Algorithm; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Badrinarayan P. Athreya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nigel Goldenfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan A. Dantzig","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0672358136418131,"gpt":0.3911845461924792,"spread":0.3239487325506661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007185017,0.0007867515,0.0009052473,0.0007676705,0.0003446241,0.0008121426,0.001112813,0.001353833,0.002352787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002122345,0.0004436712,0.001123361,0.001130756,0.001077128,0.001395317,0.001329691,0.001472418,0.0005871173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006200351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004550024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001715262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001400272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997275,0.0001138902,0.00001685784,0.00003236435,0.00009056504,0.00001882016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999593,0.0002296275,0.00004022526,0.00005661985,0.00005338894,0.00002713512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002624297,0.00003183796,0.0004644871,0.0004274111,0.00006822942,0.0001425354,0.0001521649,0.4313226,0.008213189,0.4841279,0.00278711,0.0722362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001240037,0.00001992599,0.0001201504,0.00005041388,0.00001003524,0.00005196748,0.00001530962,0.8162336,0.0009986601,0.1651204,0.01735427,0.00001293958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002512642,0.003549797,0.9906911,0.0004445695,0.0001595772,0.00002892681,0.00003918936,0.0001509476,0.002423325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1474959,0.01433686,0.8304388,0.0003958059,0.0006382401,0.0004566748,0.0001718567,0.0003468679,0.00571898],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002352787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007870793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031580796","doi":"10.4310/cms.2004.v2.n1.a4","title":"Conservative multigrid methods for ternary Cahn-Hilliard systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications in Mathematical Sciences","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cahn–Hilliard equation; Discretization; Multigrid method; Convergence (economics); Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Nonlinear system; Ternary operation; Stability (learning theory); Constraint (computer-aided design); Work (physics); Extension (predicate logic); Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Partial differential equation; Geometry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Kyungkeun Kang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Junseok Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Lowengrub","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1874477857703185,"gpt":0.4625380611941955,"spread":0.275090275423877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004993008,0.0003598865,0.0005065748,0.0004755222,0.0005517816,0.0006918095,0.001056382,0.000966525,0.001307484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00153065,0.000274684,0.0005045658,0.0004203572,0.001017646,0.0006324291,0.001137137,0.000961408,0.0002307666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009064784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001082759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00682252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006078516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999791,0.00004058433,0.000009940099,0.00001339882,0.00012254,0.0000226335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999594,0.0001714258,0.00005844452,0.00006404419,0.00007131889,0.00004076624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002942237,0.00003452036,0.0004642305,0.00009015265,0.00001451466,0.00009821975,0.0001577323,0.831175,0.007504569,0.1474077,0.000601658,0.01242237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009547554,0.000005321002,0.00005224297,0.000003981892,0.000001454028,0.00001004412,0.00000750338,0.9921958,0.001002622,0.005807795,0.0008992977,0.000004382748],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0641809,0.0005084787,0.9243675,0.0004464433,0.0001174904,0.00008339614,0.000103349,0.0002018615,0.009990525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6149384,0.0003907815,0.3769565,0.0001630087,0.00004783283,0.0002091441,0.0001110073,0.0001209326,0.007062349],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00682252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01356566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574957312","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.058","title":"Liquid channel segregation and morphology and their relation with hot cracking susceptibility during columnar growth in binary alloys","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"China Scholarship Council; McGill University Health Centre; Compute Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs; McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Misorientation; Intergranular corrosion; Grain boundary; Cracking; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Lei Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02014485478537041,"gpt":0.2401130318024832,"spread":0.2199681770171128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001047803,0.00008769781,0.0001646423,0.0004608433,0.0002873377,0.0005006622,0.0001402599,0.0002097517,0.0008790148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005840991,0.000184464,0.00007341029,0.000272775,0.0002561881,0.000275667,0.0001553732,0.0002051193,0.0001614011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002728207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001435252,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002699589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003612771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999465,0.000007464704,0.000003478999,0.00001102267,0.0000178768,0.0000137467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995674,0.0001658502,0.0001121685,0.00002081123,0.00009929639,0.00003452735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000910048,0.0000675223,0.01773252,0.0000370141,0.0000174447,0.0002185381,0.0002565882,0.0005409667,0.9757286,0.0001258128,0.0000737501,0.004291283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002673255,0.0002846622,0.2193891,0.000007147737,0.00003017086,0.0002493493,0.0004502957,0.009348935,0.7697467,0.0001345511,0.0003145744,0.00001787295],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994795,0.00011137,0.0001532794,0.000006857777,0.000001190396,0.000002089135,0.0000282036,0.000007526065,0.0002100188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999714,0.00002397913,0.0000423071,0.000001873273,0.00000101846,0.000001639775,0.00002721974,0.000003967157,0.0001839641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002699589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005367815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206255168","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2022.110943","title":"Energy-decreasing exponential time differencing Runge–Kutta methods for phase-field models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Physics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Dissipation; Runge–Kutta methods; Central differencing scheme; Energy (signal processing); Applied mathematics; Exponential function; Work (physics); Mathematics; Field (mathematics); Balanced flow; Flow (mathematics); Mathematical analysis; Statistical physics; Numerical analysis; Physics; Geometry; Finite element method; Finite difference coefficient","authors":[{"name":"Zhaohui Fu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiang Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04477346624284274,"gpt":0.3475094020695667,"spread":0.3027359358267239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001695978,0.0009732437,0.001101264,0.0009238999,0.0008579313,0.0009509655,0.002823969,0.002031219,0.004170931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004849329,0.0008427736,0.001035757,0.0007556019,0.00133907,0.001686552,0.001818831,0.002373342,0.0008283739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001425212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001750667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009760657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01072563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996443,0.000189208,0.00001861694,0.00003171025,0.0000807812,0.0000353941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979222,0.001370745,0.000112613,0.0001642166,0.0003256734,0.0001044066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005966852,0.00009198573,0.000316111,0.0001094724,0.00003977594,0.0000603046,0.00009916337,0.856469,0.001664045,0.1251819,0.001394429,0.01451405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004243054,0.000002562101,0.00001092326,0.000002540118,0.000001651235,0.00000192446,0.000001988729,0.994976,0.00008883592,0.004623576,0.0002836853,0.000002088698],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01661248,0.0005659974,0.9767234,0.0003040907,0.0001132416,0.00006662859,0.00009958687,0.0002558674,0.005258643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4830432,0.001001588,0.4837224,0.0003883457,0.0001805052,0.0007747022,0.0005980894,0.001447611,0.02884358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009760657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01940769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1529469423","doi":"10.1007/0-387-32153-5_1","title":"An Energetic Variational Formulation with Phase Field Methods for Interfacial Dynamics of Complex Fluids: Advantages and Challenges","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"˜The œIMA volumes in mathematics and its applications","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Exposition (narrative); Field (mathematics); Eulerian path; Computer science; Phase (matter); Transformation (genetics); Benchmark (surveying); Statistical physics; Lagrangian; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"James J. Feng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chun Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jie Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pengtao Yue","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05199077723310506,"gpt":0.3388553312709572,"spread":0.2868645540378522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001365903,0.0009444606,0.0009146629,0.0005344811,0.0004791725,0.001582329,0.00201364,0.001648925,0.003597557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001362179,0.0005706172,0.0009708673,0.0006275388,0.001596209,0.00287618,0.001919898,0.00238103,0.0009581723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006287654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008262052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009535031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001454805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996924,0.0001228807,0.00001537519,0.00004094606,0.0001127342,0.00001560014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996808,0.0001583467,0.00002029919,0.00003952718,0.00006836774,0.00003267036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000109327,0.00002741823,0.00006531287,0.00009227788,0.00002045523,0.00002711752,0.00004426988,0.0333106,0.002018193,0.9403028,0.003251764,0.02082872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001123889,0.00002179507,0.00007476685,0.00002598557,0.000008269983,0.00004110599,0.00001757387,0.519926,0.0004717985,0.4670434,0.01234412,0.0000139637],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003088265,0.001934894,0.9825828,0.000969525,0.0003870906,0.00002607073,0.00006549782,0.00005528667,0.01089063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1422226,0.005685225,0.8050061,0.0007894865,0.001699973,0.0003939794,0.0002805538,0.0006543837,0.04326759],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003597557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01203501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062546043","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2013.09.049","title":"High accuracy solutions to energy gradient flows from material science models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Physics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Mathematical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Energy (signal processing); Applied mathematics; Statistical physics; Computer science; Mechanics; Mathematics; Calculus (dental); Physics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Christlieb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaylan Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Promislow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Wetton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark R. Willoughby","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0282068169395319,"gpt":0.2502486961247427,"spread":0.2220418791852108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001204243,0.00106953,0.001139835,0.001482105,0.001115451,0.001908261,0.001601711,0.003065286,0.005131158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008873967,0.0009672416,0.0007908308,0.001057517,0.001518757,0.001734648,0.002387847,0.002993089,0.0007536214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001630493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001524565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009387033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008049521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996738,0.0001341346,0.00001753434,0.00002613695,0.0001082232,0.00004014339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980643,0.001285779,0.0001229203,0.0001608194,0.0002509659,0.0001151794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006129242,0.00007649499,0.0004417242,0.0001050125,0.00002849696,0.00009849673,0.00008402573,0.8677118,0.0008643513,0.1197948,0.001815364,0.008918107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001777454,0.000004250981,0.00003258875,0.000005531031,0.000001903928,0.000004940171,0.00000603078,0.9860286,0.0001281067,0.01341373,0.0003535787,0.000002979746],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.175113,0.001694406,0.7562725,0.003046111,0.0008117739,0.0003646537,0.0009937155,0.001488526,0.06021536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7957763,0.0007636067,0.1832089,0.0004945535,0.0003311569,0.0005012364,0.000814049,0.000847956,0.01726234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009387033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01866484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081937781","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.006","title":"Orientation selection in solidification patterning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Anisotropy; Microstructure; Snowflake; Curvature; Directional solidification; Texture (cosmology); Orientation (vector space); Nanotechnology; Crystal growth; Chemical physics; Crystallography; Metallurgy; Geometry; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Morteza Amoorezaei","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. M. Gurevich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04558662812910152,"gpt":0.2542791881309084,"spread":0.2086925600018069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001152783,0.0002042097,0.0002544376,0.0001814093,0.0002560425,0.0006991582,0.0002305302,0.000207364,0.001723798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002646867,0.0002354405,0.00008285177,0.0003012912,0.0003056947,0.0003020661,0.0002896736,0.0002529441,0.0003709055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002972242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001635969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004323701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001154094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999303,0.00001205101,0.000003400882,0.0000137613,0.00002473467,0.00001564143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998701,0.0000603141,0.0000267424,0.00001487393,0.00001461301,0.00001335716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002481174,0.00003973025,0.0008847173,0.00009976104,0.000006545569,0.0001236415,0.00007811575,0.004433628,0.9403996,0.02363501,0.0004762294,0.02957493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005063877,0.00009845656,0.001567992,0.00001268102,0.00001145944,0.0001795312,0.00006786084,0.04152089,0.9465606,0.00482845,0.005078768,0.00002271013],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9303365,0.002038014,0.04044777,0.0001749165,0.00009220529,0.00002927277,0.00008644613,0.0002109469,0.02658394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885722,0.0007090368,0.007158925,0.00002679764,0.00001148091,0.000009904173,0.00004594113,0.00005786623,0.003407917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001723798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00576669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978234836","doi":"10.1103/physreve.61.6705","title":"Phase-field modeling of eutectic growth","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Eutectic system; Spinodal decomposition; Materials science; Lamellar structure; Thermodynamics; Phase (matter); Isothermal process; Phase diagram; Volume fraction; Diffusion; Directional solidification; Field (mathematics); Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Microstructure; Physics; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"François Drolet","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true},{"name":"J Kosterlitz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01696466913044196,"gpt":0.3271568469685951,"spread":0.3101921778381531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002295437,0.0003907245,0.0005656306,0.0005744463,0.0003895959,0.0005744883,0.001071101,0.001220202,0.002388868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005192069,0.0002459384,0.0004592389,0.0004915367,0.0005726677,0.0008813059,0.0005175203,0.0005917574,0.0004222065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008864327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006347749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003556243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00178746,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999241,0.00002111817,0.000003687926,0.00001364575,0.00002381887,0.00001359194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998727,0.00004905404,0.00002031798,0.00001087431,0.00003248755,0.00001458651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001567916,0.00001789646,0.0001924178,0.00002951433,0.000006627055,0.00008004926,0.00002903002,0.918393,0.005608169,0.07282867,0.0003486903,0.002450371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002858057,0.000003800361,0.00003615837,0.000001621947,9.359056e-7,0.00001169508,0.000002705139,0.9925008,0.0002510154,0.006708382,0.0004774375,0.000002602529],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1704731,0.002028054,0.7747659,0.001057468,0.000152827,0.0001586764,0.0006969288,0.0004893687,0.05017778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9232135,0.001293736,0.05099797,0.000142853,0.0000548824,0.0003034473,0.0003246867,0.0001369845,0.02353191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003556243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007991552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082054423","doi":"10.1103/physreve.76.056706","title":"Adaptive mesh computation of polycrystalline pattern formation using a renormalization-group reduction of the phase-field crystal model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Amplitude; Computation; Cartesian coordinate system; Adaptive mesh refinement; Renormalization group; Lattice (music); Crystallite; Mathematics; Field (mathematics); Physics; Phase space; Phase (matter); Mathematical analysis; Condensed matter physics; Materials science; Topology (electrical circuits); Geometry; Algorithm; Quantum mechanics; Thermodynamics; Combinatorics","authors":[{"name":"Badrinarayan P. Athreya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nigel Goldenfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan A. Dantzig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04737932665856763,"gpt":0.3388535779889565,"spread":0.2914742513303888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003101918,0.0002670626,0.0004581017,0.0003174731,0.0003381391,0.000520708,0.0009288285,0.0006740874,0.001844279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001185264,0.0002312492,0.0003134485,0.0003511759,0.0004372043,0.0005020751,0.0003822717,0.0004777434,0.0002193747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005955149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007393784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003522697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003997413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999269,0.00002013876,0.000003214903,0.000009949626,0.00003153811,0.00000815104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999674,0.0001818911,0.00002416688,0.00004123127,0.00005477844,0.00002387241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004421239,0.00004686582,0.0007700555,0.00003923487,0.00002264848,0.00009068461,0.00005013346,0.9413178,0.006286949,0.03252367,0.000585378,0.01822243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006106285,0.000003696204,0.0000313367,6.486777e-7,7.371773e-7,0.000002273619,0.000002283735,0.9979396,0.0002494212,0.00162758,0.0001349984,0.000001083558],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2168014,0.00009302522,0.7758071,0.0002742142,0.00007838254,0.00008029384,0.0001138332,0.0004989137,0.00625276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5845357,0.00007381685,0.412495,0.0000603787,0.00002201755,0.0002398591,0.000147114,0.000140957,0.00228525],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003522697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00700438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024874723","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2020.04.003","title":"Impact of solute flow during directional solidification of a Ni-based alloy: In-situ and real-time X-radiography","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"Safran; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales","keywords":"Materials science; Directional solidification; Dendrite (mathematics); Superalloy; Convection; Alloy; Synchrotron radiation; Casting; Crystal growth; Synchrotron; Oscillation (cell signaling); Liquid metal; Metallurgy; Mechanics; Optics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"G. Reinhart","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Grange","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Abou-Khalil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathalie Mangelinck‐Noël","is_ca":false},{"name":"N.T. Niane","is_ca":true},{"name":"V. Maguin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gildas Guillemot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles‐André Gandin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henri Nguyen-Thi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01627168433143903,"gpt":0.2468449315752069,"spread":0.2305732472437679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002799704,0.0002845415,0.0003301077,0.0001645739,0.0002753736,0.0008792409,0.0002760966,0.000402574,0.0015446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000511804,0.0002058702,0.0001398568,0.0002080279,0.0006043953,0.0006330446,0.000241447,0.0003972451,0.0002288112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004988149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004425225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003095421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003243871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998554,0.00002235466,0.000007074065,0.00003432941,0.00004651218,0.00003432656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997483,0.0001143834,0.00004574928,0.00002115618,0.00005139665,0.00001903483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007848389,0.00002770767,0.0008491824,0.0000550409,0.000005293814,0.0001090412,0.0001166407,0.0003165127,0.9953057,0.0001036846,0.00004839033,0.002277861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001774397,0.0001796614,0.006638663,0.00000568084,0.00001362669,0.0000822102,0.000217488,0.004020277,0.9879518,0.00003268743,0.0008266738,0.00001345998],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972937,0.0003984431,0.001218806,0.00004883181,0.0000179536,0.000007989177,0.00009420166,0.00004347008,0.0008766199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979001,0.0002222908,0.0008534884,0.00001130522,0.000006021579,0.000003319317,0.00006767194,0.00002524412,0.0009103451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003095421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006154776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172266624","doi":"10.1063/1.2754682","title":"Kinetic coefficient of steps at the Si(111) crystal-melt interface from molecular dynamics simulations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Kinetic energy; Molecular dynamics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Vicinal; Crystal (programming language); Kinetics; Crystallization; Supercooling; Chemistry; Computational chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Dorel Buta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Asta","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.J. Hoyt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01206761332976424,"gpt":0.2604516049090967,"spread":0.2483839915793324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003684147,0.0004740773,0.000582335,0.0007095801,0.0004613918,0.0006595055,0.0007665477,0.0006070143,0.001141879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001720225,0.0004436389,0.00046532,0.0006836121,0.0004661495,0.0007858816,0.0003358206,0.0007100279,0.0001256737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001347824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001705463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009979862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009069404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998822,0.00001848687,0.000007037407,0.0000174296,0.00004983556,0.0000250464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995511,0.0002753053,0.00003744357,0.0000254267,0.00007469732,0.00003605903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000709744,0.00004013505,0.002009142,0.00009575539,0.00002435275,0.00006406142,0.00006888758,0.974113,0.01386501,0.006986446,0.0002392669,0.002423048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008002376,0.000005423381,0.0003933769,0.000003862124,0.000003819153,0.000004801199,0.000005591921,0.9959961,0.002771851,0.0006580966,0.0001425645,0.000006436674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9391545,0.0002779376,0.05295679,0.0002163647,0.00002379709,0.00009611736,0.0008603708,0.0002253527,0.006188697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833614,0.000348709,0.01423385,0.00002871619,0.00000620699,0.000223686,0.0008218038,0.0001022436,0.0008733823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009979862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01984358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046954038","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.93.246101","title":"Crossover Scaling of Wavelength Selection in Directional Solidification of Binary Alloys","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research","funders":"","keywords":"Crossover; Scaling; Binary number; Materials science; Function (biology); Selection (genetic algorithm); Phase (matter); Wavelength; Field (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Statistical physics; Alloy; Directional solidification; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikko Haataja","is_ca":true},{"name":"and Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02016875449782319,"gpt":0.2926198809908434,"spread":0.2724511264930202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001520252,0.0002092265,0.0002441672,0.0003613209,0.0002750577,0.0005298501,0.0003019719,0.0003682117,0.0007909799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007183689,0.0001796782,0.0002104329,0.0001906548,0.0004103763,0.0002936045,0.0002739099,0.0002207766,0.0000630701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000443187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003842012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002607107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002184935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999583,0.00000750682,0.000002496866,0.000006230931,0.00001050592,0.00001495233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998172,0.00008565585,0.00003188031,0.0000145818,0.00002284259,0.000027845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003960279,0.0001745018,0.01075641,0.00009736414,0.00003743923,0.0002864796,0.0001874051,0.8788313,0.08721528,0.01494122,0.0002784372,0.006798134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005053943,0.00008211068,0.001393438,0.000005652441,0.000008493366,0.00002451032,0.00003543013,0.9849535,0.01170877,0.00153543,0.0001922316,0.000009893455],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963745,0.00004125143,0.002254463,0.00002986399,0.000004491676,0.000007175167,0.0000232146,0.00003473699,0.001230212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984592,0.00003062033,0.001299116,0.000004316196,0.000001000649,0.000009889854,0.00001754225,0.000008198696,0.0001702107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002607107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005183876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037713899","doi":"10.1007/s11663-005-0031-2","title":"Kinetics of scrap melting in liquid steel","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Scrap; Materials science; Bar (unit); Kinetics; Liquid steel; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Thermal conduction; Heat transfer coefficient; Metallurgy; Melting temperature; Shell (structure); Latent heat; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Jianghua Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Geoffrey Brooks","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01691150315923198,"gpt":0.2406097521306112,"spread":0.2236982489713792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003248076,0.0003485727,0.0005298109,0.0006187496,0.0004462581,0.0008900287,0.0004618717,0.0003512154,0.005432667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009658111,0.0003572021,0.0003427112,0.0003950112,0.0004835959,0.001176915,0.0002596794,0.0007830999,0.001209014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001168035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006014125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003139221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001793454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997358,0.00002319179,0.000009518528,0.00004507296,0.00008905138,0.00009743228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994368,0.0003081389,0.0000741252,0.00003536954,0.00009019957,0.0000553539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002413816,0.0002103371,0.002739317,0.000471837,0.00007682545,0.0005951982,0.0005649456,0.0160983,0.9518433,0.004971557,0.001628714,0.01838596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004800661,0.0003461231,0.004091114,0.00001642183,0.00001773898,0.0001215905,0.0001468913,0.05784901,0.9341637,0.000710688,0.002452098,0.00003663121],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878005,0.001066296,0.004059647,0.000164183,0.00003228509,0.00002933693,0.0005577993,0.0002952192,0.005994746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967787,0.0002599343,0.0004368277,0.0000206488,0.000006042087,0.000008476342,0.000297553,0.00003825547,0.002153638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005432667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01817405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004746055","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-14530-7","title":"Controlling solid-liquid interfacial energy anisotropy through the isotropic liquid","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Compute Canada","keywords":"Anisotropy; Materials science; Isotropy; Dendrite (mathematics); Surface energy; Crystallography; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Geometry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Lei Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.J. Hoyt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chad W. Sinclair","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03586830505942897,"gpt":0.3048884245302264,"spread":0.2690201194707974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008240729,0.0001845122,0.0001985871,0.0001533714,0.0002547789,0.0005410023,0.0002837053,0.0001938045,0.001291169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002170226,0.0002006069,0.00009402209,0.000176686,0.0003449272,0.0004532211,0.0003803262,0.0003161884,0.0002633884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004376968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003291383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008464669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002032559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999435,0.000007620335,0.00000320311,0.00001124009,0.00002065259,0.00001378118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999009,0.0000414122,0.00002635155,0.000007459988,0.00001109781,0.00001275734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006520592,0.00005666966,0.0003739226,0.00006478856,0.000006422203,0.00005443588,0.00003043442,0.004214018,0.9862812,0.004610803,0.0001400282,0.004102014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006330066,0.0001004473,0.0005512844,0.000007981896,0.00001096267,0.00003124279,0.00003426846,0.1223451,0.8732393,0.001014421,0.00258706,0.00001473],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848904,0.0005508537,0.009184311,0.0001741685,0.00001934934,0.00001566512,0.00005044941,0.0001676555,0.004947166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973833,0.000187941,0.001991471,0.00001817267,0.000003255646,0.000009973065,0.00001427279,0.00001597783,0.000375621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001291169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00431937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2229182679","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.93.035447","title":"Structural phase field crystal approach for modeling graphene and other two-dimensional structures","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. B./Physical review. B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Homogeneous space; Nucleation; Graphene; Statistical physics; Square (algebra); Invariant (physics); Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Nanotechnology; Geometry; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Seymour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04228800961388021,"gpt":0.3820236384464247,"spread":0.3397356288325445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000200958,0.0003197701,0.0003557332,0.0004291156,0.0004242514,0.0003868636,0.001090686,0.00110405,0.002273625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003435799,0.0001728215,0.0006844218,0.000378832,0.0006710428,0.0007981,0.0003755315,0.0008303935,0.0003117913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000528878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008606205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001956419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00188325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999353,0.00001995085,0.000002093068,0.000007652608,0.00002736738,0.000007607819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999891,0.0000514792,0.00001197932,0.00001943107,0.00001676956,0.000009134562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001153234,0.00003171713,0.0003068264,0.00008075081,0.00001964593,0.0001081678,0.00004187368,0.4374177,0.005517133,0.5484737,0.001094095,0.006896992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009144926,0.00001700041,0.00007198346,0.000007016455,0.00000317252,0.00004730566,0.00001133137,0.933743,0.0006604764,0.06143919,0.003982957,0.000007424122],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0372957,0.0005318657,0.9352424,0.0006917039,0.0001460954,0.00008784966,0.0003057588,0.00015184,0.02554685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5954237,0.001532393,0.3860981,0.0004084718,0.0001953641,0.00077055,0.0005085039,0.0001787149,0.01488418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002273625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00760603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012765336","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.86.224112","title":"Defect stability in phase-field crystal models: Stacking faults and partial dislocations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Partial dislocations; Stacking; Formalism (music); Materials science; Dissociation (chemistry); Stacking fault; Condensed matter physics; Crystallographic defect; Crystallography; Dislocation; Statistical physics; Physics; Chemistry; Nuclear magnetic resonance","authors":[{"name":"Joel Berry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jörg Rottler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chad W. Sinclair","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07361464140516968,"gpt":0.3596670313633124,"spread":0.2860523899581427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004256628,0.0003925607,0.000504044,0.0006102656,0.0005277449,0.0006336651,0.0009334637,0.0008101098,0.001135976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001150074,0.0001873476,0.0004588683,0.0005342168,0.001080081,0.001124661,0.0004485392,0.0004918927,0.0001269654],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007191693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005231318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005093698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003107397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999921,0.00002217735,0.000003670371,0.000008679161,0.00003103509,0.00001353448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996738,0.0001651031,0.00005054508,0.00003723457,0.00004483336,0.00002845711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003549906,0.00002849113,0.001219031,0.00006103218,0.00001526321,0.0001831143,0.00009260365,0.7744044,0.00321973,0.2147469,0.0005619337,0.005431976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008289003,0.00001338067,0.0001455772,0.000004896784,0.00000256078,0.00005652719,0.00002289818,0.9402661,0.0003143332,0.05877537,0.0003847047,0.000005301016],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6529673,0.001354173,0.3217354,0.001174729,0.00007520431,0.00007655736,0.000289389,0.0002341508,0.02209316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804033,0.000618561,0.01480173,0.00004680041,0.00003527806,0.00006150725,0.00009166494,0.00003484438,0.003906316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005093698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01012808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118557739","doi":"10.1103/physreve.74.021104","title":"Phase diagram and commensurate-incommensurate transitions in the phase field crystal model with an external pinning potential","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Academy of Finland; Division of Materials Research; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Condensed matter physics; Phase diagram; Vortex; Lattice (music); Phase transition; Pinning force; Physics; Phase (matter); Superconductivity; Quantum mechanics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"C. V. Achim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikko Karttunen","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enzo Granato","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tapio Ala-Nissilä","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. C. Ying","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02511987306366475,"gpt":0.3327652933129885,"spread":0.3076454202493238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002439166,0.0004073511,0.0004882248,0.0009274795,0.0005879682,0.0007920823,0.0006303551,0.0009588046,0.001588705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007199987,0.0001976577,0.000371074,0.0004060711,0.001152218,0.0008757857,0.0004976758,0.000413699,0.0001241116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005723933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004784806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002457364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001616794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999015,0.00003404982,0.000003447793,0.00001097349,0.0000272556,0.00002267221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997659,0.00008500258,0.00005915168,0.00001797212,0.00002655988,0.00004542775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003419792,0.0001887975,0.002168146,0.0001401684,0.00005324942,0.0008754915,0.000210095,0.4457436,0.03491992,0.5103513,0.0009892624,0.004018059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008155966,0.00006166376,0.0004814806,0.00000772353,0.00000831186,0.0001100766,0.00004031924,0.9455568,0.001801442,0.05133699,0.0004981334,0.00001556386],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9583733,0.0004222409,0.02878545,0.0004102877,0.00003098117,0.00002636072,0.0001042346,0.00009218202,0.01175496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934548,0.0001412812,0.004615752,0.00002673015,0.00001452463,0.00003004297,0.00005433935,0.00001607579,0.00164642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002457364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005314767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162524026","doi":"10.1214/ejp.v17-1731","title":"Triviality of the 2D stochastic Allen-Cahn equation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronic Journal of Probability","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Hydro-Québec; Royal Society; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Triviality; White noise; Mathematics; Limiting; Allen–Cahn equation; Noise (video); Space (punctuation); Term (time); Mathematical analysis; Applied mathematics; Statistical physics; Statistics; Physics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Martin Hairer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marc D. Ryser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hendrik Weber","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03427528208856824,"gpt":0.2599754628298743,"spread":0.2257001807413061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008410448,0.0006169389,0.0007872154,0.0009102945,0.0008295121,0.001481613,0.001068225,0.001688655,0.003341779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003460022,0.0004271332,0.0006013583,0.0003455316,0.002389218,0.001513669,0.001691244,0.001128283,0.0003092065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001057602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001229464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007382321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003082367,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995358,0.0001332311,0.00001825991,0.00008500156,0.0001232459,0.0001045598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991008,0.0003402006,0.0001928837,0.00005238246,0.0001512779,0.0001625314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007013766,0.00003449405,0.0009440178,0.00007296878,0.00003488608,0.0003519402,0.0002345155,0.1246483,0.005672546,0.8649043,0.001141771,0.001890049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004805741,0.0000335611,0.0004559393,0.00001320378,0.000009437309,0.0001088118,0.00005710945,0.846656,0.0005532082,0.1511708,0.0008490586,0.00004469382],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7062488,0.001163576,0.2438273,0.002191423,0.0003180695,0.0001151581,0.0003883379,0.0002798646,0.04546751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772056,0.0003999045,0.01016737,0.0003091905,0.0001189744,0.0001026498,0.0001702228,0.00004641984,0.01147959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007382321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01467872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083523880","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.114.155501","title":"New Density Functional Approach for Solid-Liquid-Vapor Transitions in Pure Materials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vapor pressure; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Formalism (music); Phase transition; Phase (matter); Crystal (programming language); Chemical physics; Statistical physics; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Gabriel Kocher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06166627207089472,"gpt":0.309594462363967,"spread":0.2479281902930723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009770315,0.0009750624,0.001133538,0.001286304,0.0008312557,0.001126905,0.0022496,0.001620177,0.004033612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000817971,0.0004507441,0.001319096,0.0009636373,0.001109005,0.001752854,0.001336939,0.001679114,0.001009826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001222846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001291684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002902769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003015652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999698,0.0001214885,0.00001306131,0.00002747688,0.0001087206,0.00003121063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997396,0.0001108104,0.00001774825,0.00004190234,0.00005456221,0.00003540797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007162173,0.00002891516,0.00007624686,0.0001075368,0.00002551338,0.00009109702,0.00003454782,0.05595472,0.001470482,0.9335995,0.001756888,0.00684728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001045998,0.00001957829,0.00007003678,0.00002153304,0.000008695424,0.00006165312,0.00001411364,0.7137539,0.0002659715,0.2798457,0.005911857,0.0000164636],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008523065,0.003547315,0.9594623,0.001115151,0.0003620092,0.00009515489,0.0002869852,0.0001517278,0.02645619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3202641,0.00895999,0.6074767,0.001426733,0.001400217,0.001358774,0.000870975,0.0006799744,0.0575625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004033612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01349384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3106219610","doi":"10.1557/mrs.2020.274","title":"Solute trapping in rapid solidification","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MRS Bulletin","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Trapping; Materials science; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Tatu Pinomaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anssi Laukkanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03675229780904237,"gpt":0.2305896327412643,"spread":0.1938373349322219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001911141,0.0003182009,0.0003501524,0.0003093082,0.0004919459,0.000575763,0.0003390764,0.0003102491,0.00358756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002661255,0.0002609469,0.0001465953,0.0002177231,0.0005905162,0.000795869,0.0006448922,0.0006652242,0.0006553843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006229597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002750962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007804668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001010309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999245,0.00001416518,0.000002668217,0.00001548039,0.00002803473,0.00001522347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999084,0.00005273314,0.00001053489,0.000007106437,0.00001287969,0.000008318574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004280174,0.000077201,0.0002405854,0.0005026036,0.00001761407,0.0003603978,0.000335153,0.003878214,0.799933,0.1487634,0.003269714,0.04219419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006476763,0.0002720058,0.0006847434,0.00003967027,0.00001656089,0.0003567669,0.0001173658,0.01435254,0.9285874,0.01827648,0.03719777,0.00003382174],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8301456,0.03261228,0.0532441,0.002857664,0.001173419,0.0001434645,0.0002413412,0.0006258983,0.07895631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.925359,0.00862473,0.01019782,0.0001566314,0.0002346163,0.00008592092,0.0001439613,0.000166008,0.05503121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00358756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01200163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996718476","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125418","title":"Phase field modeling of rapid resolidification of Al-Cu thin films","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Crystal Growth","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Academy of Finland; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Supercooling; Phase (matter); Microstructure; Materials science; Field (mathematics); Transmission electron microscopy; Alloy; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Tatu Pinomaa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph T. McKeown","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.M.K. Wiezorek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anssi Laukkanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomi Suhonen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02371996687521099,"gpt":0.2802426826997006,"spread":0.2565227158244896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001234309,0.0002972251,0.0002652371,0.0002481882,0.000300453,0.0003976922,0.0005548978,0.0005645854,0.001670455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004294116,0.000237667,0.0002679083,0.0002554943,0.0002361788,0.0003540261,0.0001429793,0.0003668458,0.0001474825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007822537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007398362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02030691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01153581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999613,0.000006444051,0.000001198746,0.000005776189,0.00001512615,0.00001016624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998356,0.00008222131,0.00001948533,0.00001020239,0.00004496179,0.00000756127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006870468,0.00002996451,0.0005560663,0.00004228955,0.000009806615,0.00008649163,0.0000314559,0.9779761,0.0147871,0.003077529,0.0003081856,0.003026329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003473961,0.000004909396,0.00009943084,0.000001072486,9.211262e-7,0.000003306175,0.000004268381,0.9980689,0.001596911,0.0001003241,0.0001152299,0.000001308034],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9136437,0.0006009518,0.05519235,0.0003815628,0.00006989759,0.00007407807,0.0005474461,0.0004880534,0.02900193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924375,0.0001497284,0.004219196,0.00001953506,0.000007784787,0.00002612838,0.000115632,0.00004530158,0.002979285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02030691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04037744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984429196","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.75.054301","title":"Dissipative phenomena and acoustic phonons in isothermal crystals: A density-functional theory study","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Dissipative system; Nonlinear system; Classical mechanics; Phonon; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"S. Majaniemi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02315799364940283,"gpt":0.3123637736559881,"spread":0.2892057800065853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004290238,0.000346051,0.0004454046,0.0005790366,0.0004423932,0.0004616925,0.0005362562,0.0004747393,0.001630138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006109293,0.0001358972,0.0005107255,0.0004201709,0.001066976,0.000674951,0.0006417573,0.0004053399,0.0001848367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004940901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005785771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002403225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002272292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999266,0.00002367713,0.000003647084,0.000006128113,0.00002806312,0.00001194537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998044,0.0001009315,0.00003151729,0.00001895084,0.00002962194,0.00001456288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007640104,0.00004973472,0.0004445525,0.000105151,0.00001718797,0.0001818381,0.0001694323,0.1272673,0.002882069,0.8622689,0.0004388711,0.006167237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006173965,0.00002517327,0.0003139667,0.00001621212,0.000009195357,0.00007797158,0.00007403691,0.8118224,0.0006839297,0.1860503,0.0009062173,0.00001447454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4936679,0.00337074,0.4657761,0.001574597,0.0001121373,0.00009085622,0.00009969472,0.00008817264,0.03521981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9533195,0.00242316,0.03379831,0.0001297401,0.00008053972,0.0001008935,0.0000434458,0.00003749444,0.01006691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002403225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005453348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978710458","doi":"10.1007/s11663-007-9102-x","title":"Kinetics of Scrap Melting in Liquid Steel: Multipiece Scrap Melting","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Scrap; Materials science; Metallurgy; Bar (unit); Phase (matter); Liquid steel; Melting temperature; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Jianghua Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02870747144233124,"gpt":0.2385339455995485,"spread":0.2098264741572173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003754417,0.000425801,0.0006393023,0.0004589258,0.0003996548,0.0007049292,0.0006562978,0.0006233384,0.005965807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009127968,0.000419945,0.0004361111,0.0003519103,0.0004245882,0.001494402,0.0004103086,0.0009299368,0.0012945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001123308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006055462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002106981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001279089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996798,0.0000267379,0.00001233189,0.00007589845,0.00009950399,0.0001057616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994849,0.0002402107,0.00009365528,0.00004958133,0.00008133459,0.00005023789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001520017,0.0001209603,0.001640357,0.0004272436,0.00004857387,0.0002479093,0.0003386068,0.00930547,0.9688671,0.001905666,0.001055832,0.01452213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003218599,0.0002568932,0.003727156,0.00001180043,0.00001351137,0.0001029331,0.0000918038,0.02974312,0.9638553,0.0003763632,0.001757486,0.00003137555],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835129,0.00160926,0.009495763,0.000212873,0.00003757219,0.00003859787,0.000602943,0.0003940783,0.004096046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961046,0.0002756453,0.001007213,0.00002023269,0.000005801497,0.00001278191,0.0002702986,0.00004873477,0.002254745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005965807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0199576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086587063","doi":"10.1111/1467-9590.00149","title":"Dynamics and Coarsening of Interfaces for the Viscous Cahn—Hilliard Equation in One Spatial Dimension","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Applied Mathematics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cahn–Hilliard equation; Ordinary differential equation; Metastability; Mathematics; Statistical physics; Binary number; Partial differential equation; Dimension (graph theory); Differential equation; Conservation of mass; Algebraic number; Initial value problem; Phase (matter); Algebraic equation; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Mechanics; Nonlinear system","authors":[{"name":"Xiaodi Sun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Ward","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06741516256365958,"gpt":0.3073778598041376,"spread":0.239962697240478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004859999,0.0004629428,0.000465571,0.000670671,0.0007268677,0.001121311,0.0008001774,0.001123393,0.001899998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001798182,0.0002891154,0.0007902243,0.0003502409,0.001625509,0.001491135,0.0008141765,0.0008984575,0.0001517358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001435562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008621328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01399669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005118256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998823,0.00002550157,0.000007311287,0.00002237281,0.00003334875,0.00002913394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996277,0.000173925,0.00007258276,0.00003019127,0.00004775817,0.00004782015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007137901,0.00004961535,0.002580818,0.00007320327,0.00002235002,0.0002271019,0.0003696046,0.538219,0.01117963,0.4392323,0.0007021414,0.007272957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008367881,0.000004714813,0.0002276274,0.000002500453,0.000002095458,0.0000182132,0.00001787867,0.9828902,0.0004413783,0.01620527,0.0001734984,0.000008238368],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6415155,0.0007345323,0.3374011,0.0008952963,0.0001054313,0.00008189432,0.0001251336,0.0002119446,0.01892924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9648214,0.0003414428,0.02920081,0.0000668291,0.00002513564,0.00006178131,0.00007412059,0.00003621266,0.005372185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01399669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02783042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050002561","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.91.155502","title":"Seaweed to Dendrite Transition in Directional Solidification","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Directional solidification; Materials science; Dendrite (mathematics); Transition (genetics); Condensed matter physics; Physics; Geometry; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Quanyong Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikko Haataja","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.021513141353864,"gpt":0.2914484365886539,"spread":0.2699352952347899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012921,0.0002062834,0.0002794933,0.0002684529,0.0003256099,0.0005143922,0.000389942,0.0005606509,0.001934227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007039537,0.0001859335,0.000311464,0.0002196686,0.0003525327,0.000312092,0.0003613776,0.0003008394,0.0001151008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006293299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007584022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01501571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0131031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999623,0.00000551767,0.000001833389,0.000007055699,0.000009580178,0.00001374545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998318,0.00007479514,0.00002206167,0.00001330562,0.00002650225,0.00003153072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001489091,0.00006181455,0.003646272,0.00005181508,0.00001733778,0.0001093945,0.00006721055,0.9745935,0.01305629,0.005628104,0.0002049934,0.00241438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006343718,0.00006188645,0.0007884866,0.000004984085,0.000006995897,0.00001545885,0.00004055502,0.9937703,0.003903355,0.0009561009,0.0003807157,0.000007720363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938206,0.00003995942,0.003215556,0.00005991729,0.000008221365,0.00001535057,0.0001371069,0.00005730208,0.002646045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952341,0.00005592678,0.00377571,0.00001581728,0.000001485976,0.00002628615,0.0001627821,0.00002393418,0.0007038603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01501571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02985662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087650908","doi":"10.1007/s002310000095","title":"Phase change process by natural convection-diffusion in rectangular enclosures","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Natural convection; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Adiabatic process; Heat flux; Convection; Latent heat; Physics","authors":[{"name":"M. Mbaye","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Bilgen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01953252479457709,"gpt":0.2748220399043279,"spread":0.2552895151097508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009801216,0.0001263219,0.0002216544,0.0001058744,0.0001968987,0.0003192015,0.0002536768,0.0001429556,0.0007173557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003032083,0.0001577798,0.0001108651,0.00008624761,0.0003959862,0.0002902466,0.0001955908,0.0001751951,0.0001036009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002570876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001430731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006066259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003959666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999552,0.000007665191,0.00000215849,0.00001614832,0.000009568558,0.000009376304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998899,0.0000567212,0.00002175755,0.00001144009,0.00001026886,0.000009895849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004239262,0.00005127225,0.001166091,0.00009245056,0.000009878043,0.0001488937,0.000168415,0.02001432,0.965495,0.007511649,0.0001317758,0.004786315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000705561,0.0001911349,0.001638237,0.000004409361,0.000009131581,0.00007969917,0.00003540442,0.1713941,0.8245621,0.0007871849,0.001216435,0.00001162186],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926347,0.0001811077,0.006202508,0.00002513591,0.000009731433,0.000006970983,0.0000191277,0.0000477973,0.0008728976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981065,0.0000579665,0.001272231,0.000002346195,0.000002134708,0.000004133238,0.00001148565,0.000006345133,0.0005368469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007173557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002399743,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1467465968","doi":"10.1103/physreve.93.010801","title":"Microscopic treatment of solute trapping and drag","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Drag; Binary number; Statistical physics; Limit (mathematics); Binary alloy; Crystal (programming language); Microscopic theory; Function (biology); Phase (matter); Field (mathematics); Correlation function (quantum field theory); Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Alloy; Condensed matter physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Harith Humadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.J. Hoyt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02646858930627721,"gpt":0.3264567124805992,"spread":0.2999881231743219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002460287,0.0003676388,0.0004788219,0.000551891,0.0006187606,0.000473566,0.0009522843,0.0007503823,0.002730907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004958109,0.0001444625,0.0003682205,0.0002568443,0.0008272862,0.001220184,0.0009235264,0.0009602024,0.0002783121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008903184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008121394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002233454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001865019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999885,0.00001927761,0.000004162052,0.00001659167,0.00005734347,0.00001765777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998499,0.00004653681,0.00002075238,0.00003467397,0.00003385974,0.00001431633],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007577464,0.00002769819,0.0001825991,0.00007344529,0.000009895503,0.0001108476,0.00008478531,0.06444936,0.009886417,0.9186059,0.001128459,0.005433025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001556446,0.00003535135,0.0004167687,0.0000231159,0.00001075832,0.0002032965,0.00004397672,0.7611415,0.003436376,0.2238569,0.01079483,0.00002162344],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09999041,0.003475955,0.798736,0.003056069,0.0006114809,0.000114334,0.0002577038,0.0003065353,0.09345162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8673099,0.002793637,0.08877178,0.0007240903,0.0003750758,0.0002843712,0.0001217074,0.0001566186,0.03946272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002730907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009135783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981674547","doi":"10.1002/num.22435","title":"Unconditionally maximum principle preserving finite element schemes for the surface Allen–Cahn type equations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mathematics; Discretization; Allen–Cahn equation; Finite element method; Maximum principle; Curvature; Mathematical proof; Type (biology); Surface (topology); Operator (biology); Regular polygon; Applied mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical optimization; Geometry; Optimal control","authors":[{"name":"Xufeng Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruijian He","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08271158519413598,"gpt":0.3950822039295169,"spread":0.3123706187353809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007527149,0.0004674775,0.0004779231,0.0003439309,0.0003546221,0.0004666123,0.001011496,0.0008448915,0.001474078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00156103,0.000180379,0.0005117406,0.0002825708,0.001197358,0.0006448799,0.001303536,0.001082394,0.0003039716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000443837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006544836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001656898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001645354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997126,0.00009682746,0.00001473398,0.00002002046,0.0001354507,0.00002024194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996367,0.0001473256,0.00004293593,0.00006409961,0.00008650358,0.00002244411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006318436,0.00007552333,0.000735488,0.0001234644,0.00001956643,0.00009758246,0.0003310002,0.6283118,0.02626584,0.2824151,0.0007937,0.0607678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000496259,0.0000167945,0.00004165167,0.000004369125,0.00000157964,0.00001065045,0.000008334245,0.9931167,0.001474204,0.004280133,0.001036534,0.000003985345],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02469578,0.0001140336,0.971495,0.00009235248,0.00003435016,0.00004739879,0.0000193478,0.0001014718,0.003400189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.548025,0.0002797966,0.4430457,0.00008989541,0.00003946056,0.0002747804,0.00007802833,0.00008837772,0.008078936],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001656898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004931271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109162046","doi":"10.1002/mats.200350003","title":"A Computational Study of the Polymerization‐Induced Phase Separation Phenomenon in Polymer Solutions under a Temperature Gradient","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Macromolecular Theory and Simulations","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spinodal decomposition; Polymerization; Spinodal; Polymer; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Temperature gradient; Phase (matter); Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Kam‐Wa D. Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip K. Chan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xianshe Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01913420810509783,"gpt":0.2937225929559255,"spread":0.2745883848508277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003229718,0.0003435673,0.000671337,0.0003633551,0.0005103656,0.0005707776,0.0005963038,0.001079076,0.001894957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001225047,0.0003938657,0.0004711943,0.0003652652,0.00054049,0.0006329559,0.000296216,0.0004814595,0.0001099795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007753112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009490874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008453273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004987859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999359,0.00001753927,0.000002716881,0.00001168184,0.00001604885,0.00001606834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992868,0.0005496546,0.00004501424,0.00002906163,0.00005998668,0.00002939116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005138227,0.00004237116,0.0004745143,0.00003656288,0.00001048554,0.00004842021,0.00001464795,0.9946799,0.001547319,0.001739844,0.00009595179,0.001258501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001054356,0.00001055585,0.00008219024,9.316207e-7,0.000002070756,0.000002926432,0.000002943921,0.9992976,0.0003969392,0.0001411444,0.00005070223,0.000001408374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9683022,0.0001680999,0.02529677,0.0002978604,0.00002558649,0.00004690205,0.0002073831,0.0001086074,0.005546561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878302,0.00008540986,0.01065106,0.00003038154,0.000009757196,0.00008316348,0.0001140402,0.00002694336,0.001168936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008453273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01680815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072598211","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/81/40007","title":"Phase field crystals as a coarse-graining in time of molecular dynamics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Europhysics Letters (EPL)","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mesoscopic physics; Molecular dynamics; Phase (matter); Field (mathematics); Structure factor; Crystal (programming language); Resolution (logic)","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01277813866291665,"gpt":0.2442640044632087,"spread":0.2314858658002921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006154352,0.0003342518,0.0004395091,0.0003910332,0.000528424,0.0006992329,0.0006846472,0.0006483164,0.00212677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001553697,0.000267057,0.0005305947,0.0003390627,0.001198072,0.001265348,0.0007301456,0.001149165,0.0001526214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000629623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006378517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002317518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002043565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998376,0.00007301466,0.000007414464,0.00001835728,0.00004897632,0.00001460232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999524,0.000259853,0.00003872359,0.0001089092,0.00003289215,0.00003560729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002927955,0.00002825567,0.0004006563,0.00005282526,0.00002072089,0.0000737365,0.0001133213,0.377122,0.008704871,0.6030437,0.0007569883,0.009653663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001420112,0.0000123928,0.00007723802,0.000006125775,0.000003508409,0.0000190725,0.000006946485,0.9218749,0.001891443,0.07272672,0.003359692,0.00000771434],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0450414,0.0003236473,0.9473943,0.0003239606,0.0001327973,0.0001006532,0.0001480549,0.0005351621,0.006000056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4863021,0.0005925571,0.5074924,0.0001831122,0.00009785929,0.0003247303,0.0002220078,0.0004923167,0.004292944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002317518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007114828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988103244","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2006.05.015","title":"Atomized droplet solidification as an equiaxed growth model","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Equiaxed crystals; Recalescence; Materials science; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Casting; Microprobe; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Alloy; Eutectic system; Mineralogy","authors":[{"name":"Romulo Heringer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles‐André Gandin","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Lesoult","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Henein","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01718121694693461,"gpt":0.2579605906490859,"spread":0.2407793737021513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002337174,0.0006187222,0.0009737173,0.000558361,0.0005126618,0.00099433,0.001633556,0.002045709,0.004525827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005459855,0.0005170654,0.0009440459,0.0005655637,0.0008894086,0.00194168,0.0008541494,0.0008952334,0.0007063151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001220586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006961842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004038868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00249662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998575,0.00002491703,0.000007255767,0.00003110943,0.00005952592,0.00001965513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998267,0.00006482461,0.00002421956,0.00002959046,0.00003662115,0.0000181051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006110277,0.00007113493,0.0002186101,0.0001052214,0.0000234061,0.0001951394,0.00007348636,0.5354371,0.02095587,0.4376735,0.001088508,0.004096915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002076994,0.000008809881,0.00004400709,0.00000219605,0.000003756704,0.00001736186,0.000005284772,0.9831675,0.001244084,0.01458091,0.0008987957,0.000006636888],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2400368,0.002444462,0.6421949,0.001577132,0.0004482314,0.0003139857,0.001295837,0.0004870444,0.1112015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9043391,0.001494045,0.05328979,0.0001886264,0.0001174443,0.0003200918,0.0004752456,0.0003091959,0.0394665],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004525827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01514047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968577094","doi":"10.1080/14786435.2010.506427","title":"The Kirkendall effect in the phase field crystal model","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Philosophical Magazine A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Kirkendall effect; Vacancy defect; Supersaturation; Materials science; Crystal (programming language); Condensed matter physics; Phase (matter); Work (physics); Grain boundary; Field (mathematics); Diffusion; Chemical physics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Microstructure; Physics; Metallurgy; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"K. R. Elder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katsuyo Thornton","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.J. Hoyt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0119107310150374,"gpt":0.2833010836307159,"spread":0.2713903526156785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004721046,0.0003170384,0.001006142,0.0006192467,0.001070551,0.00130244,0.001212177,0.002059295,0.003900751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008602742,0.0002635648,0.0006730048,0.0004504553,0.001705844,0.002150013,0.0007694968,0.0009148333,0.000476768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007979734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004069859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002472786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999774,0.00006120174,0.000006543063,0.0000245596,0.00008261553,0.00005102023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997174,0.0001004197,0.00002732173,0.00005122488,0.00005489284,0.00004867523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002189844,0.0000249985,0.00007626231,0.00002058791,0.000003839769,0.00008288307,0.00003490568,0.02632982,0.001443108,0.969964,0.0007110477,0.001286714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008341019,0.00005389359,0.0001270106,0.00000876724,0.000005914327,0.0001485006,0.00003752728,0.5654128,0.0006271941,0.4303229,0.003147782,0.00002427873],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3863011,0.003174464,0.3734276,0.006710797,0.001043925,0.0001818019,0.000459722,0.0003500814,0.2283505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9484673,0.0006637783,0.0303124,0.0005247185,0.0002054902,0.0001376169,0.00009454994,0.00007026362,0.01952394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004069859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01304924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077242802","doi":"10.1103/physreve.79.011607","title":"Deriving surface-energy anisotropy for phenomenological phase-field models of solidification","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Anisotropy; Formalism (music); Condensed matter physics; Phenomenological model; Granularity; Surface energy; Surface (topology); Phase transition; Physics; Materials science; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"S. Majaniemi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nikolas Provatas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05411931320722626,"gpt":0.3456914460527906,"spread":0.2915721328455644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001056669,0.0008444617,0.0009914006,0.001648886,0.0006061384,0.001219412,0.001104017,0.001061097,0.0008867088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002906956,0.0004101665,0.0008807451,0.0009847892,0.001466603,0.00179779,0.001289893,0.00133956,0.0002858666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001191679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006496766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002605229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002565424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997591,0.0001029274,0.00001439313,0.00001678712,0.00007561583,0.00003115898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991822,0.0004569084,0.000093715,0.0001218675,0.00009040348,0.00005495702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001895916,0.00004090903,0.0004069539,0.00007606979,0.00002064133,0.0001396186,0.0001091329,0.2523406,0.00480927,0.7377932,0.0002717863,0.003972854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003883306,0.000005496253,0.00008364014,0.000006765834,0.00000322215,0.00002197912,0.0000172215,0.8315143,0.0005085046,0.1675102,0.00031694,0.000007805003],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2631372,0.002254681,0.7130851,0.0009153604,0.00009483092,0.00006494291,0.0001479952,0.000216114,0.02008374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9380556,0.001841516,0.05399876,0.00008217069,0.0001075775,0.0001229639,0.0002020914,0.0001780901,0.005411156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002605229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00864625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387353246","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2023.113768","title":"A comprehensive review of modeling water solidification for droplet freezing applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal; Group for Research in Decision Analysis","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Stefan problem; Scale (ratio); Nucleation; Macroscopic scale; Macro; Process (computing); Computer science; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Saad Akhtar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Minghan Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammaderfan Mohit","is_ca":true},{"name":"Agus P. Sasmito","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08621535314760569,"gpt":0.3357370831078708,"spread":0.2495217299602651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004549656,0.00132376,0.001268445,0.001764628,0.0003681215,0.001108421,0.001111143,0.0009753197,0.007211177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009130351,0.0005355684,0.001365358,0.002564187,0.0002499953,0.001740644,0.0005882712,0.0008943945,0.004395357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005458949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001437133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002168688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002102596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997186,0.00003953493,0.00004317433,0.00004640909,0.0001351474,0.0000171798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997042,0.000114424,0.00004146632,0.00001805982,0.0001090271,0.00001277448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008590747,0.00009972495,0.0006546048,0.03422898,0.0002022477,0.0003814319,0.0001784577,0.04009082,0.01386892,0.0375258,0.07274865,0.7999346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008481755,0.0001088275,0.0005822813,0.003041332,0.0001641061,0.0004941155,0.0000632317,0.01217559,0.003786268,0.007987422,0.9715276,0.00006075426],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002132334,0.9410899,0.03861436,0.000744416,0.001044614,0.00006801181,0.0008272472,0.0004658487,0.01501328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01161437,0.9600511,0.01821558,0.0003147375,0.0005015695,0.00009680726,0.00120159,0.0001386863,0.007865551],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007211177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02412379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125085753","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2005.12.002","title":"Phase field model of stress-induced surface instabilities: Surface diffusion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Instability; Materials science; Phase (matter); Surface (topology); Diffusion; Phase field models; Stress (linguistics); Field (mathematics); Stress field; Surface diffusion; Mechanics; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Finite element method; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Dong Hee Yeon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pil‐Ryung Cha","is_ca":false},{"name":"M.H. Grant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02805153947162197,"gpt":0.2727778225682162,"spread":0.2447262830965942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042568,0.0009352891,0.001325514,0.001049655,0.0007897452,0.001885244,0.002332497,0.002824881,0.005277954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001487369,0.0005514399,0.000725345,0.0007509947,0.002068764,0.002713487,0.0009940781,0.001240967,0.0006456779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001684813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001338442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00706436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003127177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998426,0.00004542747,0.000006371245,0.00002612684,0.00004164435,0.00003783501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995341,0.0001335291,0.00005965445,0.00003794389,0.00014773,0.00008695264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001446935,0.0001281914,0.0003723546,0.0001024351,0.00003957656,0.0002277569,0.00008688731,0.2892214,0.009792968,0.694809,0.002127357,0.002947345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004038582,0.00001123901,0.00008493677,0.000002864495,0.000005081661,0.00002269278,0.00001203383,0.9601387,0.0002579727,0.03902001,0.00039372,0.00001046134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3707114,0.004564805,0.4797051,0.007052929,0.00105099,0.0002967633,0.000858456,0.0006473918,0.1351121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9505305,0.001021721,0.01118112,0.0003080041,0.0002526694,0.0001348651,0.0001856899,0.0001396724,0.0362457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00706436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01765656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1197831148","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2015.07.002","title":"Robust multivariable estimation and control in an epitaxial thin film growth process under uncertainty","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Process Control","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Estimator; Multivariable calculus; Surface roughness; Monte Carlo method; Parametric statistics; Surface finish; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Mathematics; Materials science; Engineering; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Control (management); Control engineering","authors":[{"name":"Shabnam Rasoulian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Luis Ricardez‐Sandoval","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03442063953067794,"gpt":0.2862608276913659,"spread":0.251840188160688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009364919,0.0006354595,0.0008588777,0.0002974056,0.0005209543,0.001154398,0.0004852118,0.000936862,0.000550652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003614934,0.0005086552,0.0004943205,0.000374963,0.0007188233,0.0007394211,0.0009430759,0.0008515867,0.00005331426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007080019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007863228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01322654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006567092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995938,0.0001237987,0.00001966311,0.0001012995,0.0001052797,0.00005617344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983397,0.001141637,0.0002205371,0.00004719043,0.0002264324,0.00002453012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001765989,0.00004852072,0.0005954511,0.0001047837,0.00005650639,0.0001324758,0.0001106865,0.9631093,0.01422677,0.0066188,0.0001969491,0.01462311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004623239,0.00003454317,0.0002726356,0.000001573491,0.000005469798,0.000004319595,0.000006154389,0.998033,0.001064477,0.0005121202,0.0000559646,0.000005047532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1852211,0.0004390519,0.8106424,0.0006341903,0.00006343379,0.00004171515,0.00004954667,0.0001443287,0.002764306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912645,0.0001065784,0.007350016,0.00002705684,0.00001516251,0.00002462985,0.00002132863,0.00001357952,0.001177359],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01322654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02629912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}