{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1088,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":1088,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"f8f45690f030","filters":{"topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2147163301","doi":"10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112754","title":"Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy: Chemical Imaging for Biology and Medicine","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences; University of Ottawa; Massachusetts General Hospital; National Institutes of Health; Pfizer","keywords":"Raman scattering; Microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy; Materials science; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Conor L. Evans","is_ca":false},{"name":"X. Sunney Xie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02259651640748315,"gpt":0.4298931958678496,"spread":0.4072966794603664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000375198,0.0005871541,0.002312439,0.00005215219,0.0000620841,0.000009018177,0.0007018904,0.0005700149,0.0001503939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00139404,0.0004315678,0.0006565897,0.0002293623,0.001710039,0.000004455514,0.0005433284,0.0004743857,0.000003132876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005500407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002213099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005300324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.626554e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969829,0.00005816917,0.001148289,0.0009318555,0.0002891004,0.0005897186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981958,0.000195913,0.0003665649,0.0006283611,0.0002537175,0.0003596784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004670832,0.0002333892,0.00002256778,0.3423288,0.0005592273,0.00001670769,0.000008543864,5.319265e-9,0.1062886,0.00009332025,0.1993827,0.3510194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002174119,0.0001049515,2.066117e-7,0.03721331,0.0003769493,0.0001383384,0.000006152427,0.000004439031,0.02101853,0.0000563988,0.9404727,0.0003906762],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007433663,0.9968182,0.0002941683,0.0003147307,0.0000391397,0.0005804348,0.0002941813,0.00002232402,0.001562479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004259726,0.9961739,0.0007137861,0.0003569724,0.0005869825,0.0001529547,0.001507398,0.00006180038,0.0004036144],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7410899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097358067","doi":"10.1002/ijc.11500","title":"Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Cancer","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":811,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver General Hospital; University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Nucleic acid; Biomolecule; Spectroscopy; Chemistry; Infrared spectroscopy; Infrared; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pathology; Lung cancer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Biochemistry; Optics; Medicine; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Zhiwei Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annette McWilliams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Lam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01074337489541853,"gpt":0.3954491437550192,"spread":0.3847057688596006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001970537,0.00008618581,0.0001528095,0.00004766722,0.00002062946,0.00002250855,0.000366767,0.0001032058,0.0004702442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003844104,0.00007016111,0.0001619753,0.0000568717,0.0001542851,0.000006096571,0.00004299518,0.000128822,2.625231e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009348301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003102335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001356464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005718345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998943,0.00001548503,0.0003171591,0.0001260335,0.0004292649,0.0001690775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998989,0.00004850465,0.0001728553,0.00009123554,0.0005960678,0.0001023623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008978679,0.000234589,0.03577626,0.00004091287,0.00066797,0.000006819013,0.00002392268,0.00004593805,0.8839463,0.0023711,0.07041372,0.005574585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006665578,0.0002117621,0.0004667825,0.00007905439,0.00002727705,0.000007900072,0.000004900602,0.00004159047,0.8599692,0.0008225396,0.1376347,0.00006772452],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9664768,0.01249387,0.01415724,0.002287887,0.001176796,0.0002218551,0.0001249977,0.000006155067,0.003054422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9728358,0.008861527,0.01612444,0.0005132728,0.0009672314,0.0001322903,0.00001309526,0.00002337358,0.0005290142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06722097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5148844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091998550","doi":"10.1366/000370207782597003","title":"Automated Autofluorescence Background Subtraction Algorithm for Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":801,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Coastal Health","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Autofluorescence; Raman spectroscopy; Polynomial; SIGNAL (programming language); Background subtraction; Biological system; Raman scattering; Fourier transform; Noise (video); Spectroscopy; Optics; Fluorescence; Algorithm; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); Nuclear magnetic resonance; Computer science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Jianhua Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01244496710051555,"gpt":0.3408277517358415,"spread":0.3283827846353259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009980549,0.0004218666,0.0003734587,0.0001755908,0.0002596928,0.00008586837,0.0006480826,0.0006132238,0.0001743496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009404596,0.0003959933,0.0001979179,0.0004803159,0.0006337234,0.00000978907,0.0001883606,0.000467533,0.00006161062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002260272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001791599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002187706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008375273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963309,0.00002604441,0.0005782022,0.001011487,0.0006946154,0.00135876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984576,0.0001095652,0.0001526477,0.0006469433,0.0001166066,0.0005166931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004131808,0.0003201249,0.00003892089,0.00002864718,0.00005653323,0.000008086678,0.000009997003,1.294251e-7,0.9530997,0.001731844,0.03947727,0.004815614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001051219,0.0008912655,0.0002864627,0.00001564929,0.00002359481,0.00002388962,0.00005593821,0.0008154229,0.9154155,0.001900309,0.07910133,0.0004193651],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1105177,0.0002123214,0.8756347,0.0003554004,0.0004096768,0.001137846,0.00006640589,0.0007544642,0.01091148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3948983,0.000361126,0.5986846,0.0008782779,0.002525577,0.0003556662,0.001324001,0.0001551245,0.0008173321],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2843805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999277653","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2019.115796","title":"Deep learning and artificial intelligence methods for Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":650,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Raman scattering; Raman spectroscopy; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Computer science; Process (computing); Big data; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Data mining; Physics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Félix Lussier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Thibault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benjamin Charron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gregory Q. Wallace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Masson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0390215636525791,"gpt":0.4198978861502738,"spread":0.3808763224976947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028598,0.0001750919,0.0002398213,0.00002327488,0.00005504919,0.00004410283,0.0001685564,0.0002507757,0.0001459912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005207808,0.000168285,0.00007139667,0.0002126565,0.000374238,0.000004129881,0.000184034,0.0003661198,7.584531e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001773875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001353733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000234774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001131394,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986482,0.00003569822,0.0002875042,0.000551961,0.0001186556,0.0003579801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994167,0.0001005356,0.00003827944,0.000120995,0.00003106586,0.0002924354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001571296,0.00003680141,0.0001405963,0.00009688888,0.00001913731,0.000002131805,0.00003083681,0.000009538615,0.8796442,0.00007110344,0.00009193252,0.1196997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001599859,0.0001648001,0.00005300447,0.00001771771,0.00001644051,0.000004690026,0.00008984453,0.03217859,0.9620314,0.0008393327,0.004237267,0.0002068978],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6646318,0.001108049,0.324787,0.002552454,0.00002052383,0.00013352,0.000007244592,0.00006640283,0.006693037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9668836,0.0002810942,0.03206029,0.0001286272,0.0001525193,0.00001819016,0.0000554266,0.00002073025,0.0003995147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3022518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6862463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137871970","doi":"10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa2384","title":"Intraoperative brain cancer detection with Raman spectroscopy in humans","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Translational Medicine","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":623,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Medicine; Brain cancer; Cancer; Cancer detection; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Pathology; Internal medicine; Raman scattering; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Jermyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kelvin Mok","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeanne Mercier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joannie Desroches","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julien Pichette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karl Saint-Arnaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liane Bernstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Christine Guiot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Petrecca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Leblond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02477141723380984,"gpt":0.3833999241953422,"spread":0.3586285069615324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000646456,0.00009423919,0.0001001977,0.0001175728,0.00006597306,0.00001051566,0.0002246746,0.00004834467,0.00008680156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001880797,0.00006330848,0.00001193909,0.0006024549,0.001435567,0.0000116216,0.00001968701,0.0001548883,0.000001808139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006573885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003604577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001318194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004584935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985895,0.00002473756,0.0001413303,0.0003338621,0.000646679,0.0002638972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994982,0.00001881415,0.00002277223,0.0001268385,0.0001471637,0.0001861708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001568405,0.00002811135,0.003468625,0.000003652161,0.000003327258,0.000002091087,0.0001820962,0.00001489753,0.9941824,0.0002622026,0.0006090465,0.001086678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001046611,0.0009214996,0.006182798,0.00005026975,0.000003260535,0.000005500048,0.0001283775,0.0002608699,0.9824435,0.002020931,0.006817564,0.0001187928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590234,0.0003914857,0.02257936,0.009250453,0.0001175439,0.0002547225,0.000005018828,0.00002119004,0.00835689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972206,0.00004526537,0.001692043,0.0004770107,0.000258404,0.00004732634,0.00001759534,0.0000065906,0.0002351953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03819723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5289407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039128307","doi":"10.1021/la049043+","title":"Elucidation of Functional Groups on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Surfaces Using Infrared Spectroscopy","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":545,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Attenuated total reflection; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Bacterial cell structure; Deprotonation; Amide; Cell wall; Bacteria; Infrared; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Organic chemistry; Biochemistry; Chemical engineering; Biology; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Wei Jiang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anuradha Saxena","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bongkeun Song","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bess B. Ward","is_ca":true},{"name":"Terry J. Beveridge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satish C. B. Myneni","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01409694951679741,"gpt":0.2969381338688028,"spread":0.2828411843520054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008494838,0.0001039471,0.0001159613,0.00003705688,0.0000632509,0.00001452274,0.00007870107,0.0001359856,0.00004512625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007324,0.00008839946,0.00003618094,0.00008846874,0.0002111624,0.000005126688,0.00007114957,0.0001022189,0.000002156937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003673617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004447012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003470017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005183917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992527,0.00002595962,0.000134779,0.000226345,0.0001933352,0.0001668423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997033,0.00002010297,0.00005535112,0.0001057849,0.00005689395,0.00005857494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003297403,0.00008027271,0.000263535,0.00001397948,0.0000256591,0.00000130227,0.00004637618,0.00000405618,0.9982548,0.0005202743,0.0002747703,0.0001852778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005128093,0.0004180408,0.005218103,0.00002619966,0.000006323659,0.000004229077,0.00002654511,0.00001394019,0.9903436,0.002114957,0.00121985,0.00009541789],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939188,0.00005308002,0.004139853,0.00007594188,0.00005389443,0.0001111169,0.00003438045,0.0000148666,0.001598041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945641,0.00003280877,0.004772583,0.00006831298,0.0002026307,0.000008484661,0.0002456861,0.0000109582,0.00009448712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007911173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3604825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083871382","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.03.033","title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":447,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Chemistry; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Blood plasma; Spectroscopy; Raman scattering; Whole blood; Cancer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Biochemistry; Internal medicine; Medicine; Radiation therapy; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongzeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Min Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zufang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiesi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005634866380267342,"gpt":0.2884219290557019,"spread":0.2827870626754345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002039999,0.0002465152,0.0002423167,0.0001073389,0.0001568553,0.00005699322,0.0001481951,0.000368682,0.00005466668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008365674,0.000201515,0.0001060852,0.0003605495,0.0002819363,0.000004165246,0.00007934016,0.0004519155,0.000001377437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002311658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007277055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009965648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000312056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983831,0.00004381047,0.0001905122,0.0006317089,0.0002399677,0.0005109195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.00003990398,0.00007025006,0.0003001772,0.00006564908,0.000220125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003302449,0.0001165077,0.0008214403,0.00001397613,0.0001741666,0.000002097293,0.000005515994,0.000006317453,0.9964369,0.00005715592,0.00006504228,0.001970667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000761996,0.001308117,0.0009857367,0.000006636543,0.0001624361,0.000003858449,0.000004646202,0.007430953,0.9865591,0.0000643215,0.002459032,0.0002531704],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997764,0.0003040924,0.0009466137,0.0003099357,0.00007715142,0.0001891041,0.00003982643,0.0000446841,0.0003246071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957195,0.001297518,0.002294059,0.000194963,0.0001788651,0.00002198317,0.00005608409,0.00002313685,0.0002139112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009877773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8217542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005636037","doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-4061","title":"Real-time Raman Spectroscopy for <i>In Vivo</i> Skin Cancer Diagnosis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cancer Research","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":420,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; BC Hydro","keywords":"Actinic keratoses; Medicine; Pathology; Skin cancer; Receiver operating characteristic; Raman spectroscopy; Dermatology; Melanoma; Cancer; Basal cell carcinoma; Seborrheic keratosis; Basal cell; Cancer research; Internal medicine; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianhua Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03433088890838605,"gpt":0.4368720191339156,"spread":0.4025411302255296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00121108,0.0001753185,0.0002210566,0.0001390521,0.0001235411,0.00003569873,0.0005470438,0.0002796868,0.001995011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002808725,0.0001553576,0.0001096988,0.0004450086,0.0003898834,0.000009146087,0.00029676,0.0003735744,0.00002306685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003135663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002642898,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008906184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009696842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971724,0.0001199853,0.000234276,0.0004946685,0.0005768462,0.001401797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988308,0.0001461143,0.00003350537,0.0004268178,0.000183077,0.0003796972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002171792,0.000145184,0.007033928,0.00005030835,0.00001962367,9.609444e-7,0.00002494162,2.427482e-7,0.7690055,0.0001148007,0.2222868,0.001100453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003616815,0.000180609,0.0002970665,0.00004470279,0.00000357868,6.803467e-7,0.00001406155,0.000006640587,0.7203779,0.0002584723,0.2783158,0.0001388221],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850862,0.003551977,0.0001478432,0.001632165,0.0001664606,0.0009088186,0.0002222134,0.00003532627,0.008248975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8974715,0.0525254,0.004228792,0.000520456,0.004703483,0.02248834,0.0001414773,0.0001586102,0.01776191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08761469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200133983","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors9090262","title":"A Comprehensive Review on Raman Spectroscopy Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemosensors","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Spectroscopy; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Andrea Orlando","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filippo Franceschini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cristian Muscas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Solomiya Pidkova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mattia Bartoli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Massimo Rovere","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alberto Tagliaferro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04695784787654726,"gpt":0.4239466960681491,"spread":0.3769888481916018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001322363,0.0005328533,0.001419031,0.00006816765,0.00008128144,0.00002923266,0.0006759351,0.0006126839,0.00028449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002620876,0.0004285815,0.0007783198,0.0004876202,0.0002755667,0.000001075327,0.0003388315,0.0007044832,0.000182451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001003598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002700427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.194388e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.657995e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974359,0.0001288062,0.0005365955,0.0009855356,0.0004103202,0.0005027981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980018,0.00008717458,0.0001932097,0.001255588,0.0002007268,0.0002614994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001068764,0.0002929692,2.136195e-7,0.06415658,0.0003060834,0.00002957127,0.000002489073,1.814217e-8,0.005368794,0.0002198281,0.370215,0.5593978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000766134,0.0001191557,3.93268e-8,0.01651842,0.0001707445,0.00003443551,0.000002894444,8.541891e-8,0.02630166,0.00002656197,0.9563508,0.0003985973],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002923223,0.9891701,0.0001148598,0.00009733631,0.00007938141,0.00122767,0.00007059556,0.00006759703,0.009169476],"genre_scores_gemma":[2.765816e-7,0.9910837,0.001562808,0.001099993,0.0008288404,0.0009657823,0.002083714,0.00009069313,0.002284141],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5861358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1800418436","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511543395","title":"Two-Dimensional Wavelets and their Relatives","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":335,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Wavelet; Gabor wavelet; Computer science; Discrete wavelet transform; Legendre wavelet; Artificial intelligence; Wavelet transform; Computer vision; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Jean-Pierre Antoine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Romain Murenzi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Vandergheynst","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Twareque Ali","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01118332269536968,"gpt":0.2413409900864311,"spread":0.2301576673910614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008396937,0.0002821103,0.0002413112,0.00006347012,0.0001116719,0.00001656603,0.0003409513,0.0005051112,0.000003842923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002913997,0.0002595245,0.0001264722,0.00001020432,0.0007907749,0.000002534945,0.0007732131,0.000464675,0.000001604237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001935708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005502864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002030816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.446152e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988108,0.000040274,0.0001179045,0.0005468085,0.00019356,0.0002906471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992316,0.00003295119,0.00007426396,0.0003491449,0.00009068938,0.0002213486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000618608,0.000087506,0.0000044429,0.0002413943,0.0004818859,0.0002337846,0.00004644072,0.000001526857,0.3775728,0.2300952,0.3887044,0.001912017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005631421,0.0001682673,0.000005013779,0.0001139835,0.00002410062,0.00002861182,0.000006464298,0.000007477589,0.1742874,0.0001210953,0.8243815,0.0002929446],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003080196,0.0006998116,0.0004422725,0.00003109626,0.00005128521,0.0002380734,0.0001881202,0.00004588408,0.9952233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003114686,0.0001820683,0.0004722523,0.00009378343,0.0001960023,0.000001591837,0.0003243048,0.00003149928,0.9955838],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4356771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2606314294","doi":"10.1177/0003702816686593","title":"Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":296,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Hemoglobin; Platelet; Whole blood; Chemistry; Spectroscopy; Blood plasma; Biochemistry; Medicine; Internal medicine; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Chad G. Atkins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Buckley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael W. Blades","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robin F. B. Turner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04658723206829249,"gpt":0.3861318529764393,"spread":0.3395446209081469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003963614,0.0007816987,0.002007528,0.0001860086,0.0002029761,0.00009380525,0.001425497,0.0009956105,0.0001032528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001192382,0.0006634395,0.0004680604,0.0001676633,0.001074504,0.000004307583,0.0009529499,0.0008147096,0.00002116118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003116276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002592984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002116884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002815537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964049,0.00007360634,0.0008546604,0.001233966,0.0005750208,0.0008578586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971861,0.00006523838,0.000658493,0.001664258,0.0000587868,0.0003671754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008437499,0.0004920363,0.00001671735,0.005082907,0.0008398301,0.0000211497,0.000006352277,4.721325e-9,0.9654709,0.001244944,0.002382625,0.02435821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004785131,0.000425313,0.000002775088,0.0009366538,0.0007480574,0.00004804132,0.000001912714,1.6405e-7,0.4616151,0.0005526762,0.5347663,0.000424495],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001789875,0.9786838,0.0002043009,0.00002161826,0.0001043551,0.001078342,0.0001354481,0.0000595659,0.0179227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001220104,0.9884769,0.008116097,0.00003783227,0.0005855197,0.0002432501,0.000614775,0.0001325516,0.0005729598],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5323837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982450414","doi":"10.1364/oe.19.013565","title":"Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Colorectal cancer; Linear discriminant analysis; Receiver operating characteristic; Cancer; Gold standard (test); Colloidal gold; Raman spectroscopy; Materials science; Internal medicine; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Gastroenterology; Medicine; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Raman scattering; Nanotechnology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Chromatography; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Duo Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanping Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shusen Xie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008990741782945068,"gpt":0.2847887042964393,"spread":0.2757979625134942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000127781,0.0001306971,0.0002012806,0.00003503166,0.00003628638,0.00001440079,0.000163946,0.000158379,0.0001621311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007020028,0.0001194744,0.00005860277,0.0002150493,0.0003159854,0.000003913626,0.0001009868,0.0001157617,6.954324e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000126213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002971728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009590578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002521662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989018,0.00004428682,0.0002077224,0.0003354943,0.0002155154,0.0002951837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994529,0.00002998413,0.00006484104,0.0002080599,0.00008253915,0.0001616551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002401696,0.0001998368,0.002481502,0.00002480922,0.0001794959,0.000001458217,0.00002091144,0.000004462003,0.9963919,0.00002932179,0.000218818,0.000207335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004056364,0.0005850432,0.0007887288,0.00000724092,0.000193544,6.358027e-7,0.00001380416,0.001424269,0.9962356,0.00009680229,0.0001107554,0.0001379565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599587,0.0002144039,0.03875886,0.00001732116,0.0000261768,0.0001200228,0.0001664387,0.00001798886,0.0007200972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844448,0.0001674103,0.01512634,0.00002758872,0.00002466793,0.00003132548,0.00004268214,0.00001480851,0.0001203628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02448613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4872023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006162901","doi":"10.1067/mge.2003.105","title":"Diagnostic potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy in the colon: Differentiating adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":265,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Adenomatous polyps; Hyperplastic Polyp; Raman spectroscopy; Gastroenterology; Pathology; Colonoscopy; Internal medicine; Colorectal cancer; Optics; Cancer","authors":[{"name":"Andrea Molckovsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis–Michel Wong Kee Song","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin G. Shim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Norman E. Marcon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Wilson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007472109039145951,"gpt":0.2645335056228292,"spread":0.2570613965836832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000320602,0.0002499649,0.0002784617,0.00005303404,0.00009726021,0.0000543266,0.0005633193,0.0001047295,0.0002130682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003834978,0.0001936912,0.0001255985,0.0002346902,0.0004394859,0.000005501818,0.0001288691,0.0003841312,0.00001103543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003743104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001444438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009744277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001342421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978235,0.0002669813,0.000430959,0.0004441275,0.0004481499,0.0005863229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986291,0.0005889845,0.0001365941,0.0004466813,0.00006150388,0.00013715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002492736,0.0002375684,0.02775212,0.00002275868,0.00001460412,0.00006693084,0.0000281079,0.000005793666,0.970257,0.0002355598,0.00108867,0.00004161894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001837089,0.00212608,0.02644773,0.0003079381,0.00004896689,0.0008847002,0.0003136977,0.0002647289,0.962534,0.004109504,0.00078018,0.0003453628],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723536,0.0003292474,0.0239968,0.0001133606,0.0000882105,0.0003039892,0.00004492771,0.00002518808,0.002744615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9432762,0.00004486654,0.05616557,0.0001193097,0.0001382711,0.00006271732,0.000100641,0.00002618605,0.00006627433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03216877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7898496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024510679","doi":"10.1117/1.1805553","title":"Raman spectroscopy of in vivo cutaneous melanin","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":243,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Canadian Dermatology Foundation","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Melanin; In vivo; Materials science; Human skin; Spectroscopy; In situ; Infrared; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Chemistry; Optics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Biophysics; Biology; Chromatography; Biochemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Zhiwei Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"X. K. Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdulmajeed Alajlan","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007270303764810443,"gpt":0.3056154197620694,"spread":0.298345115997259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004039762,0.0001287911,0.0003135828,0.0001688819,0.00001620581,0.000009426341,0.0004563914,0.0002878896,0.00009514632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000529165,0.0000988287,0.0001492002,0.0002958027,0.000501256,0.00000390395,0.0001247793,0.0003874291,0.000001938333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000766653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002806977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008926851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002720273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981761,0.00002998514,0.0006625158,0.0001576907,0.0006567929,0.0003169038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991378,0.00003626574,0.0002202899,0.0001943257,0.0001329434,0.000278356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002298594,0.0004374567,0.0002326582,0.00002741842,0.00003496128,0.0001671892,0.0000210144,0.0000039221,0.9958302,0.0002991261,0.002257127,0.0004590726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001012143,0.002343386,0.00004638641,0.000108067,0.0000115828,0.0003722053,0.00003791889,0.0000175866,0.9784961,0.003523319,0.01392706,0.0001042714],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855588,0.0004531256,0.01064241,0.001389692,0.0001839596,0.00008856801,0.00001255637,0.000005813576,0.001665083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9551456,0.001478473,0.04266013,0.0002062134,0.0003778046,0.000001881204,0.000007283419,0.00001811286,0.0001045038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03201772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4030117,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102923419","doi":"10.1039/c5cs00515a","title":"Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging of tissues and live cells","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Society Reviews","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":239,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kensington Health","funders":"","keywords":"Attenuated total reflection; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Infrared; Materials science; Optics; Fourier transform; Biomedical engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"K. L. Andrew Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergei G. Kazarian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03943562770800876,"gpt":0.3906279402943272,"spread":0.3511923125863184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006750138,0.000487764,0.001602161,0.00002539673,0.00004791646,0.00002717274,0.0004112476,0.0007988773,0.00007061415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002029964,0.0003661845,0.0009455623,0.0003020143,0.0005552791,0.000006987923,0.0003729463,0.0006264336,0.00001836205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001275564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000179826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008615099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.037794e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974813,0.0001013457,0.0009019071,0.0006984422,0.0003670086,0.000450009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986445,0.00004396227,0.0003391951,0.0005012317,0.0001568622,0.0003142899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001282738,0.00007061602,0.000001413398,0.01017023,0.000114186,0.00000119911,0.00003656398,1.533151e-9,0.1260237,0.00000164912,0.152568,0.7109995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001486531,0.00008680207,3.841702e-8,0.002624059,0.0002200852,0.00002699656,0.00001063686,0.000005204158,0.1054855,0.0001031464,0.8909566,0.000332256],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001414729,0.9971158,0.0001181012,0.00005062376,0.00007298663,0.0009209376,0.0000623795,0.00003271472,0.001484995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000005627774,0.9910689,0.005795137,0.00007532977,0.0003982919,0.0001931065,0.0006439583,0.00005605214,0.001763617],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7383886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787915827","doi":"10.1039/c7an01871a","title":"Clinical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy: state of play and future challenges","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kensington Health","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Infrared; Infrared spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; State (computer science); Materials science; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Matthew J. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hugh J. Byrne","is_ca":false},{"name":"John M. Chalmers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Gardner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Royston Goodacre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex Henderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergei G. Kazarian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julian Moger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Josep Sulé‐Suso","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03452162533813436,"gpt":0.4148288284110295,"spread":0.3803072030728952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005758217,0.0001719228,0.0007119866,0.00005490374,0.00003621312,0.000007374031,0.0003920801,0.000279176,0.00001491371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004625191,0.000100716,0.0001923274,0.0001500543,0.0009870359,0.000001163962,0.0003303895,0.0002446155,0.000001145084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005926196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007962312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003967907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004739644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987075,0.0001296481,0.0005012684,0.0003387603,0.0001634822,0.0001593293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988882,0.00008829865,0.0002778453,0.0005807587,0.00007396746,0.00009092152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003987997,0.0001049358,0.0000185748,0.004486149,0.0005969711,6.984999e-7,0.00002616039,2.030208e-9,0.002163703,0.0003841043,0.003578731,0.9886001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007435232,0.000265274,0.00001700888,0.0003218935,0.0002180519,0.000005802199,0.00001261664,6.104158e-7,0.003607599,0.000901479,0.9944764,0.0000988673],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003161104,0.9974378,0.0002543825,0.00008546682,0.00001644239,0.0003173727,0.00007036979,0.000005594303,0.001496452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000958714,0.9981403,0.0008172836,0.00001640146,0.0005012703,0.00005491768,0.00008853204,0.00001603561,0.0002693292],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9908977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4107078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975461562","doi":"10.1038/nchembio.525","title":"Chemical contrast for imaging living systems: molecular vibrations drive CARS microscopy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature Chemical Biology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","keywords":"Biomolecule; Microscopy; Lipid droplet; Organelle; Biophysics; Molecular imaging; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Biology; Materials science; Cell biology; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"John Paul Pezacki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jessie A. Blake","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dana C. Danielson","is_ca":true},{"name":"David C. Kennedy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rodney K. Lyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ragunath Singaravelu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287584998958822,"gpt":0.3702139273478976,"spread":0.3573380773583094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003506605,0.0008133712,0.001598865,0.0001472308,0.00008965336,0.00005929984,0.001379078,0.004179492,0.00005275985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001698518,0.0006611626,0.000929844,0.0002804049,0.0008346031,0.000005452794,0.0007033175,0.001858132,0.00001566821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001754715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003943103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008556126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.793412e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961417,0.0001629015,0.0008742962,0.001524614,0.0001980819,0.001098403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977332,0.0003896046,0.0003343759,0.0008492171,0.0002915688,0.0004020704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003855835,0.0001351766,0.000005963775,0.002335545,0.0003015238,0.000006233676,0.000005127729,8.15322e-9,0.9380322,0.002258943,0.01178831,0.04509241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001711853,0.00007575659,4.250249e-8,0.001391498,0.000211772,0.00007611079,0.000004342387,0.000004185627,0.2792165,0.0002725407,0.7180734,0.0005026839],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001601236,0.9898173,0.006117869,0.00005558197,0.0004794622,0.001385926,0.0006290681,0.0001033146,0.001251316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002233105,0.9837497,0.006012965,0.000409851,0.001338664,0.001362969,0.004550532,0.0001742319,0.0001679284],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7062851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057007935","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.020","title":"Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Laser; Raman spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Excitation; Materials science; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Plasma; Raman scattering; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Physics; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanan Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongzeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiesi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00401905444377183,"gpt":0.2600318493823302,"spread":0.2560127949385584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002010467,0.0003192709,0.0002348595,0.00008406016,0.0001749085,0.00006789995,0.0002504738,0.0005327307,0.0001082161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001177252,0.0002625937,0.0001075548,0.0003399817,0.000221563,0.000005214193,0.00007264634,0.0006659022,0.000005816092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004395444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000122903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005108756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009135125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997932,0.00005615102,0.0002432901,0.0006810237,0.0003436664,0.0007439359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991222,0.00003439811,0.00009032678,0.0003900571,0.00008752475,0.0002755196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004908222,0.0002276219,0.0001735604,0.00001529762,0.0000429311,0.000002067691,0.000002979531,8.544069e-7,0.995784,0.00001856862,0.002237295,0.001003943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001215593,0.002071775,0.00004492621,0.00001321117,0.00003281646,0.000008547564,0.000004226405,0.001093903,0.9656054,0.00005090597,0.02953963,0.0003191073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961336,0.0003591611,0.001448446,0.0008474926,0.0001441341,0.0002901662,0.00006879179,0.00008029104,0.0006278619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955941,0.001304839,0.00136189,0.0004079858,0.0002518967,0.00003484731,0.0001229294,0.00004354228,0.0008779981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0301787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3168151466","doi":"10.3390/bios11060187","title":"Application of Raman Spectroscopic Methods in Food Safety: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Food safety; Food industry; Nanotechnology; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Food supply; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental science; Materials science; Business; Chemistry; Engineering; Food science; Raman scattering; Physics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Marlen Petersen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhilong Yu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaonan Lu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0383479266066576,"gpt":0.4657206835782591,"spread":0.4273727569716015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006785716,0.0003124887,0.001411409,0.0001141551,0.00001808098,0.000006788375,0.0004888475,0.0005698851,0.00008411763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005948916,0.0002560041,0.0004774271,0.000647822,0.0001751657,0.000001116916,0.0002856464,0.0003767153,0.000008551104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008375615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002416933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006525283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002409784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975457,0.0004099117,0.0008224075,0.0006353883,0.0002502213,0.0003363666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986628,0.00008488468,0.0002675146,0.0008020677,0.00007274144,0.0001100259],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000746396,0.0001027919,0.000002417094,0.03016591,0.0001078604,0.00000394788,0.000001724672,6.511148e-9,0.01991629,0.0003480477,0.003042068,0.9463015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008282189,0.0001710915,8.743035e-7,0.01384614,0.00008221796,0.000011864,0.000001750105,5.127654e-7,0.03844619,0.00006435263,0.9470757,0.0002164625],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004863273,0.9939258,0.00368773,0.00006843025,0.00004830907,0.0008217613,0.00003844617,0.00001498068,0.001389674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00000301511,0.9773497,0.02120797,0.0000987722,0.0001282792,0.0002072704,0.0005737629,0.00004107557,0.0003901616],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.946085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964662143","doi":"10.1016/j.urology.2004.12.058","title":"Assessment of fiberoptic near-infrared raman spectroscopy for diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancer","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Prostate; Prostate cancer; Raman spectroscopy; Hyperplasia; Pathology; Urology; Prostatitis; Cancer; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Paul Crow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Molckovsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicholas Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy Uff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian C. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis–Michel Wongkeesong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008238526262674356,"gpt":0.3454700020424717,"spread":0.3372314757797974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001210611,0.00009394758,0.0001837356,0.000028227,0.00002643829,0.000004845564,0.00013617,0.0001547943,0.0001711383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008343688,0.00008041986,0.00005445752,0.00005631021,0.0004207906,0.000002025748,0.0001087198,0.00008643357,3.780308e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001312705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008681226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001252901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008684694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991787,0.00002339469,0.0002076935,0.0002415082,0.0001066828,0.0002420403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995358,0.00005235464,0.00007608293,0.0001870014,0.00007822222,0.0000705267],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001838649,0.0001441847,0.01767039,0.00006654857,0.00007836377,4.745599e-7,0.00001944606,0.000009608189,0.9708288,0.0002835822,0.007948582,0.00276611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000562319,0.001460409,0.00265811,0.000006413997,0.00002570217,0.000002166682,0.000005072716,0.0005885048,0.9346066,0.000712753,0.05928818,0.00008376508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936464,0.001258704,0.002136094,0.001125409,0.00003332266,0.0003287293,0.00006622766,0.000008993432,0.001396104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9800573,0.001768167,0.01707322,0.0003063302,0.000101309,0.0002711471,0.00004070581,0.00001410856,0.0003676836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0513396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3279427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807039030","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-20233-3","title":"A new method using Raman spectroscopy for in vivo targeted brain cancer tissue biopsy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":205,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Hôpital Notre-Dame; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Polytechnique Montréal; McGill University; Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Biopsy; Cancer; Raman spectroscopy; Sampling (signal processing); Medicine; In vivo; Pathology; Biomedical engineering; Radiology; Computer science; Biology; Internal medicine; Biotechnology; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Joannie Desroches","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Jermyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Pinto","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fabien Picot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie-Andrée Tremblay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sami Obaïd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Marple","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kirk Urmey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominique Trudel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gilles Soulez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Christine Guiot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Petrecca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Leblond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0206648226917444,"gpt":0.4150941283978312,"spread":0.3944293057060868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001154058,0.0001501424,0.0001794438,0.0001253371,0.0001397984,0.0000927948,0.0002367474,0.0001935694,0.0005939057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004360352,0.0001322788,0.00007633167,0.0004998185,0.0003505381,0.000005882762,0.0001568637,0.000102845,0.00000211134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007795031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004302105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002870144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009217065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978627,0.00003832251,0.0003512446,0.0008791066,0.0003338587,0.000534797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989132,0.00002055407,0.000115536,0.0005889319,0.0001463459,0.0002154343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000531059,0.00002937213,0.0002926733,0.00001305015,0.00000952324,0.00001837815,0.00002170438,5.717409e-7,0.8726733,0.00002127322,0.1256647,0.0012023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001267986,0.0001290524,0.00001457058,0.00002208237,0.000004386386,0.0000438952,0.000006339394,0.0001382331,0.7271539,0.004865289,0.2673733,0.0001221864],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.5901786,0.0007002887,0.4018465,0.0009314251,0.00355965,0.0009213171,0.00002243233,0.00006195923,0.001777828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1946833,0.00003007986,0.7667397,0.0004462606,0.002244366,0.0001914774,0.000165274,0.00007990268,0.03541961],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3954953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6502851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969260924","doi":"10.1117/12.777776","title":"Overview of SWIR detectors, cameras, and applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waterloo; Cardiff University","keywords":"Computer science; Optical coherence tomography; Detector; Indium gallium arsenide; Medical imaging; Gallium arsenide; Hyperspectral imaging; Materials science; Optics; Optoelectronics; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Marc P. Hansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas S. Malchow","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01437708643788106,"gpt":0.2760936281486301,"spread":0.261716541710749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000245576,0.0001641119,0.0002394241,0.00004134823,0.00005232076,0.00001359171,0.0005491398,0.0001826765,0.00000836974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003063397,0.0001324635,0.0002824776,0.0001859897,0.0005004447,0.00001825582,0.0002163342,0.0001718123,2.62367e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003314165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003246563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000646743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.465415e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998702,1.106088e-8,0.0003825937,0.0002771099,0.0004081471,0.0002301185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988954,0.00004454706,0.0001682667,0.00005795969,0.0007274224,0.0001063983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004903828,0.00008137447,0.0005630393,0.0003436655,0.0001415935,2.691877e-8,0.00001809296,6.275289e-7,0.931461,0.06312031,0.003853212,0.0003679898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003589755,0.0002976272,0.0004770056,0.00008699913,0.00003379329,0.0000153134,0.00008193253,0.0003191638,0.9712152,0.0008057322,0.0261605,0.0001477208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969277,0.0008099883,0.0001126175,0.0004574191,0.00002840955,0.0003358836,0.00004419631,0.00002083121,0.001262901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8987182,0.005104079,0.09453233,0.0001503556,0.0006351839,0.0003863647,0.00003371165,0.00005742876,0.0003823568],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09820956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5401704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975529510","doi":"10.1039/c0an00371a","title":"Confocal Raman microscopy: common errors and artefacts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Intertek (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Microscopy; Confocal; Microscope; Confocal microscopy; Optics; Profiling (computer programming); Raman microscope; Resolution (logic); Nanotechnology; Materials science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Raman scattering","authors":[{"name":"Neil Everall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006325842239871999,"gpt":0.3220772147977138,"spread":0.3157513725578418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002418067,0.00009353138,0.0001059856,0.0000208511,0.0001013031,0.0000303061,0.0002922918,0.0001396792,0.00009332094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006378943,0.00005869697,0.00005032423,0.00008171071,0.0005518844,0.000001454218,0.0001861938,0.0002920927,0.0000124908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003746745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002321913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005654167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009449972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993036,0.00002783306,0.0001140765,0.0001974703,0.0001384016,0.0002186607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994293,0.00002242034,0.0000288414,0.0003689479,0.00002954766,0.0001209447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002991384,0.00002175411,0.001433832,0.00000415239,0.0000226899,0.000001689363,0.000009443003,3.339432e-8,0.989682,0.0003766672,0.007493569,0.000924219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001260981,0.00009317459,0.001184787,0.000003297428,0.00001360156,0.00001579674,0.00001986516,0.00003692744,0.8407925,0.0007904739,0.1568411,0.00008238995],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928274,0.0001593008,0.0003370483,0.001300519,0.00004822234,0.00007815122,0.000006221583,0.00001649267,0.00522666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997568,0.0001222829,0.0004819099,0.0006117472,0.0001581213,0.000009793194,0.00003943194,0.000009418985,0.0009993075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1493475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2393593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977919076","doi":"10.1364/oe.17.002984","title":"Optimally chirped multimodal CARS microscopy based on a single Ti:sapphire oscillator","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Femtosecond; Laser; Raman scattering; Microscopy; Sapphire; Chirp; Raman spectroscopy; Fiber laser; Optoelectronics; Photonic-crystal fiber; Wavelength; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Adrian F. Pegoraro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Ridsdale","is_ca":true},{"name":"Douglas J. Moffatt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yiwei Jia","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Paul Pezacki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Albert Stolow","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009958558884498042,"gpt":0.3032850825766414,"spread":0.2933265236921434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001380091,0.0002533603,0.0002069909,0.00006213374,0.0001016074,0.00006258699,0.000506337,0.0003379168,0.00004706868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001954135,0.000227012,0.0001348941,0.0001283282,0.0002092403,0.000003744273,0.000112391,0.0002517475,0.00001308993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005040261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008564169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000426392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.291924e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982309,0.00003560058,0.0002325431,0.0005512775,0.000416714,0.0005329957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989148,0.00002961175,0.00005799896,0.0006219933,0.0001012105,0.0002743989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002471388,0.0003900108,0.0000453592,0.00001072318,0.00001107064,0.00001123728,0.000008962009,0.00006373995,0.9931896,0.00009368612,0.004949051,0.0009794621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006475014,0.001382842,0.00007557891,0.00004480721,0.000008136036,0.000003985882,0.000006668635,0.00298199,0.9681965,0.0001397727,0.02625226,0.0002600343],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9412582,0.0002564426,0.01823844,0.001123055,0.000195143,0.0005343934,0.00009831791,0.0001503885,0.03814565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.926821,0.00005827701,0.07047946,0.001239377,0.0002969583,0.00003144038,0.0001536365,0.00003438481,0.0008854447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05224102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9257281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999804892","doi":"10.1039/b705029a","title":"Subsurface probing of calcifications with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS): future possibilities for the diagnosis of breast cancer","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Calcification; Breast cancer; Mammography; Chemistry; Calcium oxalate; Spectroscopy; Pathology; Oxalate; Biomedical engineering; Medicine; Cancer; Optics; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith D. Rogers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony W. Parker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Matousek","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0124949744936785,"gpt":0.33119697924584,"spread":0.3187020047521615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005017192,0.00009927125,0.0001474001,0.00002717275,0.0001008803,0.000009220434,0.0004153804,0.00008229643,0.00004943796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003563953,0.00004856511,0.00009974017,0.0002390709,0.0004940539,0.00000242868,0.00006252563,0.0001065044,2.228713e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002168631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000895498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003948678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005149684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991148,0.00002582656,0.0002311152,0.0001822785,0.0002264531,0.0002195474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990551,0.000122765,0.0001255704,0.0004398558,0.0002109267,0.00004577044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004932801,0.0001061745,0.01288788,0.00005975076,0.0001889812,2.255991e-7,0.0001454369,0.00001269001,0.9818638,0.000647742,0.00257483,0.001019238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001695954,0.0001925351,0.005610039,0.00002864918,0.00007336806,0.000002460996,0.0003633779,0.00004175186,0.9894366,0.0002080959,0.003803756,0.0000697744],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737135,0.001260373,0.02068361,0.003354963,0.0000308237,0.0004603112,0.000218417,0.000009425206,0.0002685856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969152,0.00082693,0.001540876,0.00007034584,0.0002312247,0.0001055274,0.00004587751,0.00001193399,0.0002520426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02320175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1980428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010181298","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01871.x","title":"Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) for measuring fast protein dynamics and concentrations with a commercial laser scanning confocal microscope","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Microscopy","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of California, Irvine; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Microscope; Confocal; Raster graphics; Spectroscopy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Chemistry; Raster scan; Confocal laser scanning microscope; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Optics; Chromatography; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Physics; Biophysics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Claire M. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rooshin B. Dalal","is_ca":false},{"name":"By Justin A. Hebert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle A. Digman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan Rick Horwitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enrico Gratton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008526390637144256,"gpt":0.3054172017922973,"spread":0.296890811155153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006923847,0.0001830083,0.0002455936,0.0000867027,0.000148728,0.00008367286,0.0002029916,0.0001894779,0.00001579849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001545596,0.0001478885,0.00008367236,0.0001202792,0.0003987209,0.0000203479,0.00006893297,0.0003339246,8.597781e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001144322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001743022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005822396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002603836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985995,0.00003188326,0.0004492766,0.0002301278,0.0002767503,0.0004125176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989582,0.00004896677,0.0002653392,0.0001437575,0.0003703769,0.0002133221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001241824,0.00009130884,0.003587215,0.00004208664,0.00004695202,0.00000718544,0.00004199474,0.000001408215,0.9925863,0.00006707985,0.001630431,0.0006562445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001543931,0.001352559,0.0007543653,0.0001531482,0.00003066699,0.0001011343,0.0001120233,0.0001623029,0.9920633,0.00007816237,0.003475581,0.0001727557],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.595154,0.0002009256,0.4037686,0.0002140399,0.00006684407,0.0002787706,0.00002106082,0.000006076882,0.000289732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8702927,0.0000872306,0.1285504,0.0002177486,0.0004060822,0.00001337434,0.00005353354,0.0000370564,0.000341914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2752182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6030717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002568502","doi":"10.1039/c3an36890d","title":"Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Linear discriminant analysis; Principal component analysis; Raman spectroscopy; Cancer detection; Cervical cancer; Blood plasma; Spectroscopy; Chemistry; Cancer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Chromatography; Medicine; Internal medicine; Artificial intelligence; Raman scattering; Optics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Duo Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Buhong Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zufang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00852877527458947,"gpt":0.2989270559933637,"spread":0.2903982807187743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015914,0.0001308533,0.0001957427,0.0000248643,0.00007715821,0.00001993644,0.0003662066,0.0001740053,0.0001503207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001284111,0.0000862235,0.0001586592,0.0001702238,0.0002936209,0.000003502113,0.000124978,0.0001495001,0.000009784031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002192497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006589398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001677245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008768794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989152,0.00002711864,0.0002271257,0.0002822784,0.0002220996,0.0003261923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992179,0.00008070088,0.00007031149,0.000347153,0.0001731803,0.0001107558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000115525,0.0000783204,0.0001447492,0.00003464925,0.0001279363,2.490004e-7,0.0000108042,0.000004190647,0.9978671,0.00004141053,0.001093008,0.0004820536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003980477,0.0004919406,0.0003068841,0.00001691022,0.00007076734,0.000001884673,0.00003402726,0.0003587902,0.9970239,0.0005464587,0.0006432363,0.0001071279],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789287,0.0001199054,0.01883179,0.0005323996,0.00004366085,0.0003820985,0.00001529083,0.00001384254,0.001132311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959664,0.0003470444,0.002614654,0.0001098151,0.0002404303,0.0001711465,0.00002890136,0.00001653473,0.0005051138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01703766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3516093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168840959","doi":"10.1002/lsm.10084","title":"Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in normal and cancerous tissue of the nasopharynx—preliminary findings","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver General Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Cancer Institute; National Medical Research Council; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Canadian Dermatology Foundation; Dermatology Foundation","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Pathology; Laser; Cancer; In vivo; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Medicine; Spectroscopy; Chemistry; Nuclear medicine; Optics; Internal medicine; Biology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"David P. Lau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhiwei Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris S. Man","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ken Berean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Murray Morrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01246135595569649,"gpt":0.3138880216205692,"spread":0.3014266656648728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004822519,0.00009635144,0.0002188421,0.00005589649,0.0000292141,0.00000259544,0.00008137056,0.0001263172,0.00002782253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009212104,0.00006601187,0.00002719178,0.0001543434,0.0004266622,0.00000300089,0.00005661846,0.0001315552,7.301949e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001720302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004560935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006057647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005857469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991607,0.00003316351,0.0002177596,0.000217469,0.0001263604,0.0002445158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994397,0.0002988203,0.00002901764,0.0001291477,0.00001772248,0.00008560632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005809951,0.0001330926,0.2579927,0.0002100521,0.000015228,0.00001722943,0.00007348065,5.380661e-7,0.7240563,0.0005426593,0.01334796,0.003029768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005366466,0.0004174473,0.00958987,0.0001749845,0.000007808693,0.00001419755,0.00004604585,0.000005781977,0.9752604,0.0006677005,0.0131992,0.00007988779],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959045,0.001845032,0.0001037934,0.00126737,0.00009434064,0.0002095829,0.000007378365,0.000003061709,0.0005649407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954242,0.003303547,0.0006036421,0.0003271479,0.00006157316,0.00009537775,0.00001433448,0.00000823166,0.0001620006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2512041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2691886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197613652","doi":"10.3390/cells10092300","title":"Quasar: Easy Machine Learning for Biospectroscopy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cells","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada)","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Scripting language; Computer science; Software; Data science; User Friendly; Machine learning; Human–computer interaction; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Marko Toplak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Read","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christophe Sandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ferenc Borondics","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01135565922936155,"gpt":0.3122352348393245,"spread":0.3008795756099629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001340258,0.0001073918,0.0001163381,0.00001813128,0.00007436333,0.00002385476,0.0001758877,0.0001542425,0.0002603691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002078329,0.00009772636,0.0001109856,0.0001013393,0.00009398907,0.000001220243,0.0001387909,0.0001573603,0.00002070745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001796805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007365432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000393205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002573545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990408,0.0000289453,0.0001290715,0.0003386955,0.0001430441,0.000319396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994974,0.00002947995,0.00002724904,0.0002356444,0.00008786592,0.0001223692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004403884,0.00006180284,0.0002078106,0.00002545889,0.00001744983,0.000004444258,0.000002942556,6.928763e-7,0.9864101,0.0002013929,0.01233336,0.0006904971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000171607,0.0001569165,0.000007848518,0.000005112624,0.000003605654,0.00000337058,0.000004724086,0.0000864258,0.6169794,0.0003660446,0.3821374,0.00007756348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6365438,0.01710652,0.2618289,0.00333093,0.001148565,0.001196413,0.0001983799,0.0003719129,0.07827457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8798962,0.003273214,0.04340705,0.001466822,0.001063385,0.0001546792,0.001155626,0.00008746437,0.06949562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.369804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3985165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035053506","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnx018","title":"Commentary on “Goodacre R, Timmins ÉM, Rooney PJ, Rowland JJ, Kell DB: Rapid identification of <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> species using diffuse reflectance-absorbance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and artificial neural networks. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 140:233-239”, the most cited paper in the Journal for that year","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Absorbance; Spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform; Fourier transform; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Physics; Chemistry; Optics; Chromatography; Biochemistry; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Royston Goodacre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas B. Kell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01990198787495156,"gpt":0.2850532463945137,"spread":0.2651512585195621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007307098,0.0005801038,0.0006029689,0.0001491082,0.000505703,0.0001901928,0.001086859,0.0008637138,0.00001579085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006901925,0.0003882257,0.0002273658,0.0001418265,0.001686003,0.00002721823,0.0001877931,0.001818937,8.619546e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008355892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004135535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003438894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997052,0.0003731173,0.0007506786,0.0007599713,0.0002026989,0.0008615808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981914,0.0002514795,0.0005941376,0.0008105611,0.0000733355,0.00007907203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003875482,0.00005176498,0.0004663114,0.0000520853,0.00008327609,0.00001274649,0.00007676685,0.000001866672,0.5630054,5.496132e-7,0.4357818,0.00007982836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001721581,0.00054269,0.000212701,0.0001997372,0.0001248436,0.0001585629,0.00007938566,0.00009045873,0.4795283,0.00007488613,0.5167486,0.0005182537],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.7176605,0.002106736,0.001881883,0.2733397,0.0008441424,0.002671757,0.001356724,0.00002605583,0.0001124171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2827686,0.006149257,0.0008619905,0.6914733,0.008457828,0.0005370408,0.008728097,0.0002629632,0.0007609407],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.434892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019653593","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2011.01.012","title":"A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Science and Technology Projects of Fujian Province; Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social","keywords":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Silver nanoparticle; Raman spectroscopy; Nanoparticle; Membrane; Electrophoresis; Chemistry; Blood proteins; Cancer; Silver stain; Gel electrophoresis; Blood plasma; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Raman scattering; Pathology; Biochemistry; Biology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongzeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Min Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zufang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yun Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01009332548384237,"gpt":0.2926303673524747,"spread":0.2825370418686323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004357856,0.0003186264,0.0006012017,0.0006822165,0.0001533515,0.00000309553,0.0003141632,0.0008075338,0.00006994517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001470838,0.0002274934,0.00008284521,0.001231276,0.001885278,0.000005680477,0.00008241631,0.0004297833,4.127017e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005274808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001480033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003375584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003064132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979253,0.00004862299,0.0004251779,0.0008016314,0.0001549588,0.0006442702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990225,0.00009107884,0.0001708877,0.0003986703,0.000153811,0.000163012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001082323,0.0002529027,0.006731832,0.00004717018,0.0003832408,0.000009296572,0.00002940445,0.000001891628,0.9905488,0.0002711387,0.00002812855,0.000613831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003928071,0.005073586,0.0006203658,0.00006205319,0.0006259086,0.00005928386,0.0001012993,0.0001704265,0.9876412,0.0004797603,0.000990478,0.0002476313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8219445,0.001033801,0.1745831,0.001017858,0.00004613283,0.001156917,0.0000294211,0.00008955833,0.00009868517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986586,0.001181731,0.009423778,0.0003162268,0.0001168613,0.002117882,0.0001759776,0.00002938927,0.00005211448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1651593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9276913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2713064966","doi":"10.1039/c7cs00203c","title":"Mastering high resolution tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: towards a shift of perception","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Society Reviews","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Cooperation in Science and Technology","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Perception; High resolution; Spectroscopy; Resolution (logic); Materials science; Nanotechnology; Optics; Computer science; Physics; Psychology; Geology; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Marie Richard‐Lacroix","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yao Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhen‐Chao Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Volker Deckert","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08013455858296711,"gpt":0.4203910532444012,"spread":0.3402564946614342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007797864,0.0005963322,0.002126192,0.0000295916,0.0001126673,0.00005188298,0.001245094,0.001302149,0.0002253424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000490793,0.0004554067,0.002032451,0.0001779379,0.0006554081,0.000007834808,0.0008271607,0.000800319,0.00004815152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002435224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002186856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000159722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.371263e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967341,0.000132768,0.001107865,0.0009492799,0.0004521887,0.0006237314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975985,0.00002599944,0.0007466031,0.001304394,0.00007744175,0.0002471028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001802795,0.0000863794,3.228274e-7,0.01370998,0.0001001207,6.036844e-7,0.00001716546,4.447537e-9,0.3903225,0.00001329781,0.015628,0.5801036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001572629,0.0001258845,9.212837e-7,0.006168479,0.0001949223,0.000006264428,0.000003041468,0.000001749773,0.09971366,0.0001228997,0.8931074,0.0003975622],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002299998,0.9930031,0.003495246,0.00005618608,0.0001308082,0.001059637,0.00006015649,0.00003908954,0.001925736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001372045,0.9844648,0.01230409,0.00006620216,0.0009320974,0.000374981,0.001012938,0.00007189569,0.0006358098],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8774794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W963933316","doi":"10.1364/boe.6.002380","title":"Characterization of a Raman spectroscopy probe system for intraoperative brain tissue classification","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optics Express","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Brain tissue; Characterization (materials science); Materials science; Laser; In vivo; Raman scattering; Spectroscopy; Biomedical engineering; Optics; SIGNAL (programming language); Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pathology; Medicine; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Joannie Desroches","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Jermyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kelvin Mok","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cédric Lemieux‐Leduc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeanne Mercier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karl St‐Arnaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kirk Urmey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐Christine Guiot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Marple","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Petrecca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Leblond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02617858457338391,"gpt":0.3466391008596364,"spread":0.3204605162862525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004486617,0.0001549495,0.0002277052,0.00006696767,0.00004187764,0.00002569845,0.0003540391,0.0003251431,0.00001000225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005517559,0.0001293943,0.00005773583,0.0001766642,0.0004018475,0.000006743778,0.0001321947,0.0001146502,0.000003765168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006821429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001783496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003990392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.634566e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984412,0.00006320556,0.0003821654,0.0003702765,0.0004373708,0.0003058219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988847,0.00003885878,0.0001275045,0.0003220176,0.0003040554,0.0003228077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002265256,0.0001799307,0.00001853942,0.0001338506,0.00002485762,0.000001127139,0.00005573671,8.114775e-8,0.9910561,0.002954539,0.004675913,0.0006727953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000641109,0.001055961,0.00002481771,0.0000580013,0.00001037994,0.000005063392,0.00008757816,0.0005709095,0.92867,0.0001947017,0.06854515,0.0001362861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.29692,0.00007675897,0.6989025,0.001440788,0.0002647785,0.00095633,0.0001824,0.00006457244,0.001191838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9447418,0.00005413361,0.05118831,0.0001455664,0.000813832,0.0003967749,0.001866859,0.00003956875,0.0007531624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6478218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5276546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061391241","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s1.8.x","title":"New optical technologies for earlier endoscopic diagnosis of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Endoscopy; Chromoendoscopy; Dysplasia; Biopsy; Radiology; Malignancy; Pathology; Colorectal cancer; Cancer; Colonoscopy; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Ralph S. DaCosta","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Norman E. Marcon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03380369881239621,"gpt":0.3477221001052307,"spread":0.3139184012928345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000285076,0.0003106184,0.001564487,0.0002510984,0.00004379483,0.000008022095,0.0005592746,0.0006285748,0.0000470833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007240337,0.0002228391,0.0004969634,0.00008115443,0.0006958023,0.000004336183,0.0003229282,0.0005985217,9.962127e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002786994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002043992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002020972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004202201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997916,0.0001146869,0.0009645871,0.0003438068,0.0001595459,0.0005013464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985446,0.0002007126,0.0006523876,0.0002660858,0.0001560881,0.000180111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001742586,0.000873834,0.02746898,0.008428939,0.001197914,0.0002249231,0.00001426365,1.395501e-7,0.003522085,0.0008878027,0.06054473,0.8950938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001142972,0.01599051,0.0000391654,0.003603507,0.0006725459,0.005836949,0.00001490365,0.000003045584,0.004766981,0.0007247521,0.9670179,0.0001867253],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003415535,0.9808939,0.01454196,0.0005043224,0.0001457658,0.000389815,0.00004562665,0.00001350399,0.00004956763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009578099,0.966967,0.03163164,0.00004401863,0.00018368,0.00006596661,0.00002131394,0.00002652827,0.0001020583],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9064732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9087116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138192406","doi":"10.1177/193229681100500123","title":"Noninvasive Diagnostic Devices for Diabetes through Measuring Tear Glucose","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Diabetes mellitus; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes management; Intensive care medicine; Blood glucose monitoring; Diabetes control; Continuous glucose monitoring; Type 2 diabetes; Type 1 diabetes; Endocrinology","authors":[{"name":"Jin Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"William Hodge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cindy Hutnick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xianbin Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03609031203517344,"gpt":0.3449689979810718,"spread":0.3088786859458984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001113682,0.0002980284,0.000920701,0.0004643577,0.0001704717,0.00005452747,0.0013909,0.0006217024,0.000007709207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005866203,0.0002063718,0.0002294632,0.0008219065,0.002169025,0.0000233193,0.0005512952,0.0005091651,0.000002250678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007118069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007541861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.753599e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.863782e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997818,0.00003200442,0.0005902827,0.0004744524,0.0003917837,0.0006934762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979485,0.0002731199,0.0005354326,0.0003497496,0.0007203766,0.0001727945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000624107,0.0001786412,0.000767495,0.004259605,0.0002758388,0.000009960493,0.00001430352,1.303266e-8,0.05806335,0.0006233563,0.002064629,0.9337366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001411104,0.001140532,0.000003789953,0.002397223,0.0001760542,0.00003190689,0.00001361449,6.780578e-7,0.2055049,0.002547158,0.7878161,0.0002269013],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01401425,0.9850163,0.00006472589,0.0001491066,0.0001557061,0.0003655193,0.00001673518,0.0000188071,0.0001988759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003433995,0.9921166,0.003940349,0.00009848305,0.0002461047,0.00010214,0.000006438681,0.00002914914,0.00002676575],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9335096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8415597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088159530","doi":"10.1364/ol.33.000711","title":"Development and preliminary results of an endoscopic Raman probe for potential in vivo diagnosis of lung cancers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control; BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Optics; Materials science; Optical fiber; Raman scattering; Fiber; Spectrometer; Laser; Fiber laser; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Short","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Lam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annette McWilliams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianhua Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0115881073498708,"gpt":0.2884815081368499,"spread":0.276893400786979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001120652,0.00007973122,0.0001233064,0.00004478321,0.00002511682,0.00000254824,0.0001277189,0.00008917541,0.000003864361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006111964,0.00007477525,0.00002731795,0.00005701941,0.0002158543,0.000002847612,0.00008030491,0.00005911778,2.992856e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002939898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007240397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000353158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005962302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992242,0.0000135765,0.0002349159,0.0002084384,0.0001388533,0.0001800463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.0000205649,0.00005918328,0.0001411121,0.00003316253,0.00006094808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004817903,0.00008466486,0.001337648,0.0001017153,0.00001890212,0.000006459828,0.0001067582,0.000008113658,0.9957123,0.00001066106,0.001689627,0.0004413709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000772218,0.0004852994,0.0007707734,0.0000429164,0.000005458507,0.000002685381,0.00001537092,0.0002120177,0.9957034,0.00001010387,0.001906495,0.00007324266],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997414,0.0001535013,0.001795208,0.0002474277,0.00002329295,0.00025188,0.00002521851,0.000003974474,0.00008550492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9247186,0.0004415284,0.07440913,0.0001654723,0.00004123195,0.000123412,0.00004715375,0.00001017201,0.00004333716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07269543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3049246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911514609","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.8b07024","title":"Machine-Learning-Driven Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Optophysiology Reveals Multiplexed Metabolite Gradients Near Cells","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Nano","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe; Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Extracellular; HeLa; Metabolite; Glutamine; Cancer cell; Nanoprobe; Glycolysis; Biophysics; Secretion; Cell biology; Tumor microenvironment; Biology; Biochemistry; Cell; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Metabolism; Cancer; Tumor cells; Cancer research","authors":[{"name":"Félix Lussier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dimitris Missirlis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joachim P. Spatz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Masson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006801643380616618,"gpt":0.2724555705970004,"spread":0.2656539272163838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001829436,0.0002290054,0.0003071241,0.00003488949,0.00009886413,0.00003573997,0.0005336858,0.0002870204,0.0001844893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001076403,0.0001979547,0.0001318904,0.0001715819,0.0002217072,0.000006158777,0.0004653503,0.0003060182,0.0002106719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002824373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003630287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003341472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.508976e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998195,0.0001136381,0.000266583,0.0005934571,0.000249571,0.0005817327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990963,0.00003695763,0.00009278292,0.000512237,0.00008223826,0.000179429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133124,0.00006549642,0.002099167,0.00003476146,0.00004682424,0.000001809667,0.00002091981,0.00003855632,0.9964464,0.00002444591,0.0007028306,0.000405533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005562712,0.0003371228,0.0005238511,0.00001947815,0.000008499626,0.000002414148,0.00000689597,0.000207879,0.9517785,0.0001024451,0.04622924,0.0002273425],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972639,0.0003591712,0.000178703,0.00009204156,0.0002051246,0.0003128121,0.00002534656,0.00006052208,0.001502345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988831,0.0006763476,0.004290057,0.0002988085,0.0001130423,0.00002458965,0.0002514251,0.00003947802,0.005475184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04552641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8072356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118822995","doi":"10.1117/1.1915488","title":"Ex vivo detection and characterization of early dental caries by optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Manitoba; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Manitoba Medical Service Foundation","keywords":"Optical coherence tomography; Demineralization; Raman spectroscopy; Enamel paint; Materials science; Dentistry; Imaging spectroscopy; Ex vivo; Spectroscopy; Dentin; Biomedical engineering; Medicine; In vivo; Optics; Radiology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Alex C.‐T. Ko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lin‐P'ing Choo‐Smith","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark Hewko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lorenzo Leonardi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael G. Sowa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cecilia Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Williams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Blaine Cleghorn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004653529110233583,"gpt":0.2690968401593729,"spread":0.2644433110491393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002438691,0.0001135617,0.0002057396,0.00009036575,0.00003667206,0.00003091973,0.0001443307,0.0002320275,0.00002470344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000118834,0.000090428,0.00006123478,0.0001432263,0.0008244795,0.00001366378,0.0001000342,0.0002307521,3.065535e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001777439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004190907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002991714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001206461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988242,0.00002680817,0.000386981,0.0001558315,0.0004086256,0.0001975774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993246,0.00002846641,0.0001647932,0.00009273076,0.0001103652,0.0002790061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000189521,0.0001290164,0.001097242,0.00002950677,0.00003824343,0.000003234668,0.00001867244,1.096728e-8,0.992566,0.00002321696,0.0003146488,0.005590694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004464408,0.001908032,0.001570246,0.00003657702,0.00002514081,0.000092184,0.00002147255,0.00009984845,0.9890514,0.00009394335,0.006561808,0.00009290072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852216,0.0005534301,0.01356651,0.0003561406,0.0000633631,0.00007174158,0.0000198863,0.000005077036,0.0001422668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894121,0.001815096,0.008324775,0.00007810548,0.0003017531,0.000001881584,0.00001406865,0.000009977058,0.00004219392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00624716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3687547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144517997","doi":"10.1562/2005-02-24-ra-449","title":"Raman Spectroscopy in Combination with Background Near‐infrared Autofluorescence Enhances the <i>In Vivo</i> Assessment of Malignant Tissues","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Coastal Health; BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Autofluorescence; Raman spectroscopy; Near-infrared spectroscopy; In vivo; Spectroscopy; Principal component analysis; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Pathology; Fluorescence; Optics; Medicine; Chromatography; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Zhiwei Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mladen Korbelik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00899205986548505,"gpt":0.3180032309373401,"spread":0.309011171071855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003171437,0.0001631434,0.0002216147,0.0000257946,0.0000481748,0.0000180821,0.0002917505,0.0001984681,0.0001450159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003548455,0.0001114547,0.00003201116,0.0001558939,0.0006982403,0.000005959252,0.0001153495,0.0002457652,4.595036e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003774111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007796216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006257938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988152,0.00006304865,0.0002800678,0.0003821311,0.0001413455,0.0003181996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994716,0.00005935126,0.00008882087,0.0002769092,0.00004148656,0.00006183777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001921804,0.0001750817,0.004970347,0.00004495847,0.00001190424,0.00000352812,0.00003587083,0.000001501457,0.9938257,0.00008046761,0.0004947673,0.0001636869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006447121,0.0004486961,0.001576281,0.00006225003,0.000004205679,0.00001921002,0.00006907245,0.0002300091,0.9851916,0.0002952984,0.01132127,0.0001374207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945135,0.0004534701,0.0002052417,0.0002721363,0.0000158668,0.00034667,0.00001831078,0.000009050615,0.004165772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948148,0.000910648,0.003496587,0.0001543895,0.0000484939,0.0001710166,0.00005318537,0.000009610535,0.0003413288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0108265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4544993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993124877","doi":"10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00769-4","title":"Heat shock inactivates cellular antioxidant defenses against hydrogen peroxide: protection by glucose","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pentose phosphate pathway; Cytotoxicity; Catalase; Oxidative stress; Glutathione; Hydrogen peroxide; Chemistry; Sodium pyruvate; Oxidative phosphorylation; Antioxidant; Reactive oxygen species; Biochemistry; NADPH oxidase; Glycolysis; Metabolism; In vitro; Enzyme","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie Lord-Fontaine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diana A. Averill‐Bates","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01337193496003209,"gpt":0.2775202364736605,"spread":0.2641483015136284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002568026,0.0002194226,0.0002853919,0.00006026399,0.0001456969,0.000005943913,0.0002805418,0.0006778754,0.0003275157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007547906,0.0001539011,0.0000597337,0.0001457024,0.001526526,0.000004292842,0.0001838394,0.0004759623,0.000007200416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000277669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001461005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004978596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002572465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984847,0.0001094438,0.0002694557,0.0005155828,0.000178926,0.0004419068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992052,0.00004582366,0.00003029981,0.0003495484,0.00003687062,0.0003322706],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007970442,0.0001137085,0.0003884716,0.0000235971,0.00004151124,0.000008241934,0.00001164691,3.14404e-8,0.9563693,0.0001099504,0.03725627,0.005597569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000734028,0.001162142,0.00005534812,0.00003588576,0.00001337605,0.00003119221,0.00001499359,0.00008351481,0.8004912,0.0008632965,0.1963629,0.0001521351],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735843,0.0167944,0.00214509,0.005128832,0.0000987482,0.0002808188,0.00002955092,0.00005916897,0.00187912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882534,0.008820781,0.000256298,0.001285818,0.0005031687,0.00006529483,0.0001565934,0.0000192173,0.0006394706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1591066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6275905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546434489","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/61/23/r370","title":"A review of Raman spectroscopy advances with an emphasis on clinical translation challenges in oncology","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Polytechnique Montréal; Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal; McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Limiting; Spectroscopy; Computer science; Translation (biology); Raman scattering; Medical physics; Materials science; Optics; Biomedical engineering; Medicine; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Jermyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joannie Desroches","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kelly Aubertin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karl St‐Arnaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wendy‐Julie Madore","is_ca":true},{"name":"Étienne De Montigny","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Christine Guiot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dominique Trudel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin Petrecca","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Leblond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4531203461241745,"gpt":0.596127930413004,"spread":0.1430075842888296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001046675,0.0002851521,0.001646034,0.0001054888,0.00001193673,0.000001047869,0.0002947528,0.0005255087,0.00001998755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002314504,0.00015203,0.0001071335,0.0001966536,0.0009074694,0.000004015304,0.00006075899,0.0004525983,9.937934e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003381345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001639165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005889857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002451015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976696,0.0005086836,0.0007597773,0.000654362,0.0001132281,0.0002943563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988573,0.0003670143,0.0002664718,0.0003629313,0.00004551357,0.0001007581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001418319,0.0002169863,0.0000269205,0.01014504,0.00003456785,0.000003662632,0.000007005996,2.745534e-9,0.0005283005,0.0005363253,0.0001418013,0.9882175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006603224,0.008811252,0.000002469468,0.04626558,0.00005249868,0.000009895045,0.00000954301,3.52058e-7,0.0003680995,0.001975956,0.9416692,0.0001747943],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006872424,0.9960958,0.0001920033,0.0006703578,0.00005470103,0.00045808,0.00001634951,0.000006405174,0.002437595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006113266,0.9978588,0.0007942281,0.0003659139,0.0005733347,0.0001160844,0.0002046966,0.00002031284,0.000005473833],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9880428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6199605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040773107","doi":"10.1364/oe.19.022892","title":"Full range characterization of the Raman spectra of organs in a murine model","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Dermatology Foundation; Dermatology Foundation","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Autofluorescence; Materials science; Raman scattering; Optics; In vivo; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pathology; Biology; Medicine; Fluorescence; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Naiyan Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Short","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianhua Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hequn Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mladen Korbelik","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01732406884951653,"gpt":0.2694002914627574,"spread":0.2520762226132409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000915309,0.0000668864,0.000100828,0.00002493311,0.00001002329,0.000002017747,0.0003090894,0.00009169889,0.00004042061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005341877,0.00004874899,0.00004443905,0.0001014928,0.0001633665,0.000002032991,0.0001689303,0.00008687023,3.486834e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007250641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002987955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000924797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002683037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999392,0.00001776337,0.0001782316,0.0001324661,0.0001460179,0.0001334917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995495,0.000004418043,0.00006149795,0.0002969188,0.00005388904,0.00003378832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001122881,0.0001413928,0.0007241628,0.00003341874,0.000005053583,5.205096e-7,0.00007971844,0.000001243217,0.9983199,0.0004948141,0.00003437549,0.0000531725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001959628,0.0001224854,0.0008235254,0.0000321704,0.000003473197,0.000001462195,0.000007665411,0.0007316626,0.9973543,0.0005504637,0.0001237625,0.00005312706],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857534,0.00001962493,0.009989175,0.00003671845,0.00001775186,0.0001269331,0.00002305696,0.000004271039,0.004029048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932659,0.0001498726,0.006185041,0.00002591491,0.00002670881,0.00001348909,0.00002044633,0.00001003885,0.0003026061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007512461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1987926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064147938","doi":"10.2147/ijn.s71811","title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of saliva proteins for the noninvasive differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Saliva; Raman spectroscopy; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Materials science; Pathology; Cancer research; Medicine; Raman scattering; Internal medicine; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaohua Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Duo Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuanji Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong-Zeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zufang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01564411883034095,"gpt":0.3222841322986257,"spread":0.3066400134682847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004228328,0.00008062626,0.0001876685,0.00005870629,0.00001398964,0.000006848404,0.0003296448,0.00006026958,0.00001739994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003579734,0.00004811229,0.00007396279,0.00005837374,0.0002574902,0.000005787155,0.00008025329,0.00009134154,1.094491e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003253403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001373593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001863609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002549082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998877,0.00002376953,0.0003914155,0.0001044587,0.0004945237,0.0001088341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985762,0.00007138158,0.0003572154,0.0001023431,0.0008025724,0.00009032527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000776074,0.00009611809,0.001144504,0.00002220037,0.0001373556,0.000002773413,0.00006371075,0.000003783859,0.9960608,0.0001297208,0.0009490483,0.0006139342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001243303,0.001338247,0.00186339,0.0001536647,0.0000240668,0.00009641331,0.0001120037,0.00005795071,0.9935762,0.0009158234,0.0005727449,0.00004617785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9500412,0.0006644349,0.04699379,0.001785641,0.0001652221,0.0001985408,0.00004175349,0.000001850785,0.0001075438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954872,0.0004373881,0.003540851,0.000050493,0.0003580737,0.000005504544,0.00002345288,0.00000780534,0.00008924936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04544596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1961962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1571376410","doi":"10.1002/jbio.201400026","title":"Real‐time <i>in vivo</i> cancer diagnosis using raman spectroscopy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Biophotonics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Coastal Health; BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Schematic; Curvature; Optics; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Medicine; Physics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Wenbo Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianhua Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Short","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02504091761687645,"gpt":0.3992456113031324,"spread":0.3742046936862559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000782143,0.0004154847,0.001577751,0.0002547396,0.00004295218,0.00004457747,0.0008771506,0.0008556803,0.0003598898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002054608,0.0003134844,0.0007817177,0.0003968088,0.0002013138,0.000004597757,0.0002520406,0.0008218356,0.000006439825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003686897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008775979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000433277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006000751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972565,0.0001607478,0.001117243,0.0004063015,0.000517747,0.0005415031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982058,0.0000872412,0.0008404317,0.0004502497,0.0001442175,0.0002720195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000226879,0.0006548463,0.00009422754,0.008633512,0.0006678641,0.0002257583,0.00001349751,0.000002592756,0.8180307,0.00003159127,0.06939685,0.1020217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000216864,0.0003548872,2.544281e-7,0.004345162,0.0001785898,0.0001029412,0.000001286496,0.00001857609,0.1497032,0.00004040113,0.8447616,0.0002762259],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00354596,0.9949301,0.00007146141,0.00004018988,0.0002864069,0.0003081064,0.00008035839,0.0000085396,0.0007288712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001201105,0.9936255,0.005049056,0.00007297423,0.0007972844,0.00006717884,0.00002066024,0.00007465442,0.0002807078],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7753648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044996422","doi":"10.1039/c4an02036g","title":"Spectropathology for the next generation: Quo vadis?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Status quo; Nanotechnology; Data science; Field (mathematics); Computer science; Political science; Engineering ethics; Materials science; Engineering; Law; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Byrne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Małgorzata Barańśka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerwin J. Puppels","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bayden R. Wood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathleen Gough","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Lasch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip Heraud","is_ca":false},{"name":"Josep Sulé-Suso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ganesh D. Sockalingum","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2221867117015905,"gpt":0.4540533610354007,"spread":0.2318666493338102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000909331,0.0002507011,0.00054395,0.00003783696,0.0001750033,0.0000596142,0.001127856,0.0003536818,0.0001008439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002127264,0.0001121383,0.000506478,0.0002295385,0.0003768632,0.000001457611,0.0003014899,0.000324376,0.00003387577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005155267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001025037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001183261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985187,0.0001606883,0.0003287325,0.0004002998,0.0002440721,0.0003475186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985919,0.0001095244,0.000138236,0.000948048,0.0001176624,0.00009465666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026884,0.00005473657,4.969241e-7,0.0006442518,0.000508394,0.000005370022,0.000009222478,2.978393e-7,0.006937803,0.001216364,0.3499449,0.6406512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006523613,0.0001547305,5.99233e-8,0.00007165629,0.0004531774,0.0000440659,0.000006974416,0.00003426248,0.001347782,0.000249308,0.9974258,0.0001469746],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000005738182,0.9915513,0.005712351,0.0005355433,0.0001349442,0.0006070323,0.00004760472,0.00001495637,0.001390516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001884981,0.9903192,0.0004341901,0.0002539474,0.002915144,0.0004645535,0.0006668355,0.00003472019,0.004892586],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6474808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4572867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973194576","doi":"10.1021/ac902697q","title":"Assessing Differentiation Status of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Noninvasively Using Raman Microspectroscopy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Health Canada; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Michael Smith Health Research BC","keywords":"Chemistry; Nucleic acid; Raman spectroscopy; Embryonic stem cell; Stem cell; Gelatin; Cellular differentiation; Molecular biology; Biophysics; Cell biology; Biochemistry; Biology; Optics","authors":[{"name":"H. Georg Schulze","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. O. Konorov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Caron","is_ca":true},{"name":"James M. Piret","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael W. Blades","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robin F. B. Turner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02214765123838847,"gpt":0.3601226567025747,"spread":0.3379750054641862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001623232,0.0002082863,0.0002622151,0.00003186013,0.00009902058,0.00007257223,0.0003451379,0.0004068626,0.0003282837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008766709,0.0001940491,0.0001718745,0.0001699832,0.0004634041,0.000009017351,0.0002193925,0.0005054213,0.000003307362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005751405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001801045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001992451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002494427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982008,0.00002049295,0.000342201,0.0004737561,0.000359864,0.000602939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989061,0.00003059888,0.0001378651,0.0004642388,0.0001453973,0.0003157962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002129331,0.0001425691,0.003003897,0.00008166759,0.00004365335,0.00000309414,0.000004121986,4.985307e-7,0.9961219,0.00006156236,0.0003593025,0.0001564135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002926493,0.00007458378,0.0003937611,0.0000280681,0.00004025132,0.000007046647,0.0000290334,0.000487233,0.9968286,0.0001563632,0.001457328,0.0002050478],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993824,0.00006729114,0.001898975,0.00003138589,0.00005015907,0.00008164172,0.00001810902,0.00001898007,0.004009461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963313,0.00004922061,0.002266918,0.00003018884,0.0002413962,0.000005471686,0.00009460333,0.00002773391,0.0009531827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003056278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7913091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2727952875","doi":"10.1007/978-1-61779-827-6_8","title":"Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Molecular Analysis of Microbial Cells","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Methods in molecular biology","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; The Scarborough Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Infrared; Fourier transform; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Jesús J. Ojeda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Dittrich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01558674512583194,"gpt":0.4241593558317131,"spread":0.4085726107058811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00148278,0.0002509374,0.0005640983,0.0003767187,0.00002927072,0.000007273032,0.0004743518,0.0005553819,0.00008822121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004236232,0.0002314901,0.000490004,0.0007919469,0.0003840143,0.000003759656,0.0001564296,0.000220944,9.466599e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000456254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006474544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001608475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003261639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976968,0.0003861535,0.0005176354,0.0004798688,0.0001401819,0.0007794251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989533,0.0001151095,0.0001129278,0.0005470132,0.00009334285,0.0001782696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002040605,0.0001863894,0.0005924064,0.00003163018,0.0004592941,0.000001584119,0.00002556851,0.000005422539,0.9940003,0.001684633,0.0003741811,0.002434528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004974671,0.0003963237,0.00004031528,0.000006464644,0.0002013636,0.000002048321,0.00001137479,0.0001535774,0.9569398,0.003901876,0.03761237,0.0002370579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.07822133,0.001061496,0.9174683,0.0001135454,0.0001408812,0.0004302638,0.0000823614,0.00001471254,0.002467126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02880226,0.0001587274,0.969803,0.0004098433,0.00008775111,0.0001644776,0.0002986126,0.00003632668,0.000238971],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05233475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9439891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079787990","doi":"10.1117/1.2204007","title":"Cutaneous melanin exhibiting fluorescence emission under near-infrared light excitation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control; Occupational Cancer Research Centre; BC Cancer Agency","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Melanin; Autofluorescence; Fluorescence; Materials science; Human skin; Vitiligo; In vivo; Chemistry; Dermatology; Optics; Medicine; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Zhiwei Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Iltefat Hamzavi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abdulmajeed Alajlan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eileen Tan","is_ca":true},{"name":"David I. McLean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harvey Lui","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006955547506404818,"gpt":0.2845512970430626,"spread":0.2775957495366578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003842094,0.0001520439,0.0002157419,0.00008200423,0.00009129588,0.00005500683,0.0003592547,0.0003463262,0.00007895261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005365569,0.0001143789,0.000145012,0.0002393405,0.0003434298,0.00000781369,0.0001291661,0.000380353,0.000005545222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006125538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000205026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004510789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.514617e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979853,0.00005067536,0.0006098901,0.0001782941,0.0008257294,0.0003501308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989399,0.00006381275,0.0002524526,0.0001823825,0.0002491976,0.000312249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001173705,0.0001816312,0.0001150901,0.00002025246,0.00002116567,0.00006505634,0.00001133436,0.000001768496,0.9595326,0.0002026529,0.0370963,0.00263478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006387812,0.001144293,0.0001480712,0.000151802,0.00002401483,0.0006810529,0.00007279827,0.0006464171,0.8643094,0.00532068,0.126651,0.0002116664],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9490459,0.001015389,0.0386051,0.005801994,0.0004066826,0.0001533099,0.00001114977,0.00003445766,0.00492602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.940062,0.000514186,0.05577024,0.0003842311,0.001504515,0.000003539923,0.00007739085,0.00003458564,0.001649316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09522321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4664235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103636174","doi":"10.1007/s00216-006-0850-2","title":"A synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy investigation of fungal hyphae grown under optimal and stressed conditions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Synchrotron; Aspergillus nidulans; Hypha; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Neurospora crassa; Chemistry; Aspergillus; Neurospora; Biology; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Gene; Biophysics; Molecular biology; Biochemistry; Botany; Chromatography; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Adriana Szeghalmi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susan G. W. Kaminskyj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kathleen Gough","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006299297102703047,"gpt":0.2748230143290907,"spread":0.2685237172263877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001465981,0.0002295424,0.0002967456,0.00003924259,0.00008374877,0.00004037077,0.0001657912,0.0003373748,0.0001600937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001032011,0.0001925066,0.0001106729,0.0002064347,0.001777541,0.000008263843,0.0002015915,0.0002497953,0.000001900842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000257263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007110531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005262555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003934064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983634,0.00002376046,0.0003805249,0.0005282207,0.0003046464,0.0003994834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992093,0.00006592065,0.00006881085,0.000244277,0.0001029406,0.0003087566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008632496,0.0001029774,0.006757178,0.0001023566,0.00006492442,0.000006304864,0.00000166724,9.019695e-7,0.9887791,0.002083003,0.001973526,0.00004175656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004876072,0.0002008893,0.006448241,0.00003762781,0.00009344132,0.00004219952,0.00002645085,0.0009019104,0.9866633,0.004049659,0.0008049945,0.0002436185],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951398,0.0004732882,0.0005939933,0.0009583619,0.00000909213,0.00009737165,0.00007490339,0.00002450436,0.002628671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968011,0.0001893883,0.001273197,0.0001423229,0.0002053346,0.00001310702,0.0002316676,0.00001605482,0.00112784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002115718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7850191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970219581","doi":"10.1021/jf001115p","title":"Elucidation of Protein−Lipid Interactions in a Lysozyme−Corn Oil System by Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Lysozyme; Raman spectroscopy; Fourier transform; Chemistry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Corn oil; Spectroscopy; Biochemistry; Food science; Physics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Nazlin K. Howell","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Herman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eunice C.Y. Li‐Chan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006440107359717296,"gpt":0.2589347684614121,"spread":0.2524946611016948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523477,0.0001340063,0.0002139591,0.00002498191,0.00003267371,0.00001851959,0.0001771653,0.0001350326,0.00003324046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004869137,0.00008593132,0.0001111419,0.0001485498,0.00009191834,0.00001438115,0.0000384871,0.0002916905,3.038377e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006075253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003193242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006634316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003108999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989164,0.00001730108,0.0004548879,0.0001578532,0.0002534278,0.0002000871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994152,0.00001083597,0.0002107314,0.00009353465,0.0001366426,0.0001330858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001500956,0.0001184822,0.0001869989,0.0001865513,0.00004353205,0.000002328476,0.00001613384,3.500964e-7,0.9965842,0.000007040096,0.001730959,0.0009733724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005262177,0.0003900665,0.0002887085,0.0002316426,0.00001348303,0.000285461,0.0002613259,0.000005831457,0.9871012,0.00002988824,0.01075674,0.0001094352],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932343,0.0005986613,0.0002591821,0.0005197131,0.00003158148,0.00005963193,0.00001361692,0.000006315054,0.005276945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968739,0.0006114754,0.0007504065,0.0000119748,0.0002923007,0.00001179709,0.00003743924,0.000006475997,0.001404215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009482956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3504178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}