{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":127,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":127,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"a03d929e4817","filters":{"topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing"}},"results":[{"id":"W2098734012","doi":"10.1287/inte.32.2.42.66","title":"Student Consulting Projects Benefit Faculty and Industry","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Engineering management; Engineering; Business; Knowledge management; Process management; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0551187533400317,"gpt":0.2858808689916905,"spread":0.2307621156516588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003496954,0.0002124481,0.0002400763,0.0002093838,0.0003589652,0.0008441476,0.0006095466,0.0001563994,0.00002452373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003284614,0.0001556781,0.00006025614,0.0003868536,0.00004042401,0.0003508026,0.0002900755,0.0009729506,0.0000492926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008504472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002926869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003172617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001190795,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998329,0.000005666116,0.0004785321,0.0002331188,0.000531989,0.0004216546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989858,0.000071114,0.0003031524,0.0002778665,0.0001000935,0.0002619663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002341727,0.0004250135,0.03025203,0.00005319673,0.0004010026,0.0002715146,0.01380883,0.02710091,0.0001536606,0.2077441,0.005283999,0.7144823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006151457,0.0007696077,0.05261527,0.0004379399,0.0001093998,0.001810796,0.00386522,0.8803703,0.00125402,0.005885925,0.04473201,0.001998059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9235855,0.00009147463,0.01629348,0.0008362917,0.000401695,0.0002287382,0.000003111832,0.0001811378,0.05837855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906501,0.00004136128,0.007756447,0.001053502,0.000198924,0.000002146372,8.063077e-7,0.00001095748,0.0002857475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8532694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8140135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1520506906","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-16599-3_10","title":"A Survey of Mashup Development Environments","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Mashup; Computer science; Personalization; World Wide Web; End-user development; The Internet; Abstraction; Software; End user; Web development; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02585192248034851,"gpt":0.2350576694304964,"spread":0.2092057469501479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001636265,0.0005182328,0.0006021269,0.0006439505,0.0002189348,0.0002405649,0.004074059,0.0003599268,0.00003380149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009690128,0.0004750098,0.00008659423,0.0004631817,0.0005662402,0.0003368545,0.00246394,0.0008794508,0.0000534244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001872746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000657843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000102466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003053572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959719,0.00004140349,0.0007438348,0.001421171,0.001150604,0.0006710495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972449,0.0004694416,0.0004295487,0.001544914,0.0001259583,0.0001852244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004607732,0.00005947244,0.00183292,0.00003441717,0.00002215064,0.00004128186,0.001226889,0.005797384,0.0008855538,0.001809557,0.00000733882,0.9882784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001672006,0.0005701765,0.1551719,0.001815345,0.00002793636,0.0001702057,3.429915e-7,0.6893551,0.0707897,0.05074834,0.02492788,0.004751028],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001456831,0.0002245487,0.9944622,0.00007362431,0.001895482,0.0002408865,0.000003757118,0.00006687731,0.001575779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3475651,0.00001856777,0.6514991,0.0003861259,0.0001619206,0.000004658676,0.000009728396,0.00004000027,0.0003147681],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9835274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001638213","doi":"10.1177/0013164406288162","title":"Automated Simultaneous Assembly of Multistage Testlets for a High-Stakes Licensing Examination","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computerized adaptive testing; Test (biology); Computer science; Certification; Constraint (computer-aided design); Integer programming; Test Management Approach; Extension (predicate logic); Algorithm; Operations research; Reliability engineering; Programming language; Mathematics; Psychometrics; Statistics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1158456593923128,"gpt":0.3445786012784414,"spread":0.2287329418861286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001158842,0.000108798,0.0001272377,0.00007430822,0.0001211822,0.00005215779,0.0001959646,0.00005771184,0.000008745345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004700294,0.00008791478,0.00003044456,0.0001671957,0.00003557825,0.00008587533,0.0000293339,0.00005841211,0.000002920056],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005150589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002607517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001970924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006441043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987816,0.00004251807,0.0002877475,0.0003234576,0.00035415,0.0002105746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986047,0.0006473583,0.0001260856,0.000166775,0.0003724105,0.00008262964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001187462,0.004706159,0.003602074,0.0001614964,0.0001034333,0.00001412356,0.003379116,0.0009204707,0.1062426,0.1122843,0.003043066,0.7654244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001100494,0.00087282,0.9326656,0.0001279464,0.0000162159,0.00003697553,0.0001150149,0.05339807,0.005796565,0.003865038,0.001640243,0.0003649816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7088875,0.000191085,0.2878319,0.001174466,0.0007043318,0.0002792713,0.000002971344,0.0001378367,0.0007906493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9157251,0.000002623412,0.08390379,0.000187842,0.0001317344,0.000008715138,0.000004746524,0.00000439326,0.00003106732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9290636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3585061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2772181933","doi":"10.1109/blocks.2017.8120405","title":"Block-based versus flow-based programming for naive programmers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Python (programming language); JavaScript; Programming language; Control flow analysis; Programming paradigm; Inductive programming; Procedural programming; Control flow; Reactive programming; Visual programming language; Block (permutation group theory); Functional logic programming; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05468065219750776,"gpt":0.3092068512748224,"spread":0.2545261990773146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003672812,0.0002177013,0.0001998385,0.00008314427,0.0009430292,0.001220114,0.001702706,0.00007814443,0.000007397224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001686301,0.0001884392,0.0001863567,0.0001118086,0.00009151514,0.0003376551,0.000216289,0.0001064412,0.00001841458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005344813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001854611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001575165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006273831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982551,0.00002104695,0.0002201317,0.0005780795,0.0002752779,0.0006503059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980347,0.0002218661,0.0001765036,0.001233299,0.0001590074,0.0001746863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001495912,0.0002005989,0.00175819,0.00006128338,0.00005295716,0.00001838676,0.0001800948,0.004093249,0.00007370252,0.006278913,0.001032685,0.9861004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003143519,0.0005216861,0.0004780116,0.00004237769,0.00001759615,0.000001086605,0.00002523222,0.9553854,0.003264237,0.000093327,0.03668274,0.0003448157],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01129144,0.00002486188,0.9801303,0.002725753,0.001792593,0.0008689271,0.000002248584,0.0006851548,0.002478732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5344863,1.548917e-7,0.4650415,0.0001791993,0.0001226146,0.0000918511,0.000003921194,0.0000146372,0.00005986628],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9857555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1832277860","doi":"10.1109/hcc.2001.995263","title":"Investigating the relationship between usability and conceptual gaps for human-centric CASE tools","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Usability; Computer science; Java; Conceptual model; Conceptual framework; Pluralistic walkthrough; Software engineering; Human–computer interaction; Knowledge management; World Wide Web; Programming language; Sociology; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2316193170473372,"gpt":0.3216299452090998,"spread":0.09001062816176261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005554337,0.0001062993,0.0001201349,0.00003358853,0.0007822359,0.0003203467,0.0003382497,0.00004726024,0.00001854446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008127059,0.00007416315,0.00004153352,0.0002610155,0.0001668557,0.0003983824,0.0002204141,0.0001390173,0.000007574044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001069045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009589449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001872695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989448,0.00009090625,0.000263295,0.0003207636,0.0001250087,0.0002552219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961847,0.003210282,0.00007644106,0.0003838337,0.00004650032,0.00009824783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[1.960198e-7,0.0000167964,0.7038967,0.00001679643,0.000009159698,0.000008199148,0.004162942,0.00006421912,0.00001500796,0.2680941,0.001269382,0.02244654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001540253,0.000228016,0.7020893,0.0000586989,0.00004730659,0.0003965057,0.00138948,0.2336467,0.0003274454,0.05646998,0.003103889,0.0007025403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8982798,0.0001159174,0.09851043,0.00115636,0.0000782046,0.0002871589,0.000002900686,0.0001301802,0.001439004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772019,4.768105e-7,0.02222139,0.0002705331,0.0001463487,0.00001254728,0.000001441088,0.000005544493,0.0001397839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2335824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6016405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987492098","doi":"10.1287/ited.1100.0049","title":"An In-Class Competition Introducing Inventory Management Concepts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Newsvendor model; Competition (biology); Economic shortage; Computer science; Class (philosophy); Inventory management; Process (computing); Inventory theory; Concept inventory; Subject (documents); Operations research; Inventory control; Operations management; Economics; Marketing; Business; Supply chain; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008093644898608445,"gpt":0.271538651769697,"spread":0.2634450068710886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002393915,0.0001177783,0.00008837935,0.0003737997,0.0001633943,0.0001741019,0.0004207343,0.0000621764,0.00006977899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003741686,0.0001166135,0.00003767719,0.0004030711,0.00003091341,0.001260711,0.000006466926,0.0003035645,0.00007109452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001036593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000997754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001285947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002077136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990491,0.00001861008,0.0002545801,0.000282681,0.000187619,0.0002074504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991916,0.00002125129,0.00006804574,0.0005671099,0.00005984403,0.00009216774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007782278,0.0006164962,0.0005479297,0.00003050286,0.00001205668,0.000001087202,0.003935388,0.01099999,0.001210097,0.100697,0.000108262,0.8818334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003179188,0.0008032257,0.1877154,0.0005531466,0.00005551214,0.0001155266,0.007880062,0.6739928,0.02055974,0.01992479,0.08304096,0.002179594],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3894835,0.000006325119,0.594735,0.0007536507,0.004065356,0.0002637702,8.647858e-7,0.0002024661,0.01048907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783716,0.000007502012,0.02080217,0.0004992118,0.0001316287,0.00005369831,0.00001007059,0.000007957425,0.0001161409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8796539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.475536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092154000","doi":"10.1109/parcomptech.2015.7084518","title":"Performance analysis of the parallel code execution for an algorithmic trading system, generated from UML models by end users","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Unified Modeling Language; Portfolio; Java; Source code; Code generation; Virtual machine; Programming language; Software engineering; Operating system; Software; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06683124219701134,"gpt":0.2566495942756932,"spread":0.1898183520786819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003991935,0.0001382825,0.0002674563,0.0001073703,0.0001450936,0.000112888,0.0008261685,0.00005981194,0.000002137149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005992698,0.00009662317,0.0001135216,0.000701393,0.00002548409,0.0006332425,0.00009936727,0.00005941619,7.787554e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009274459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005736875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00121494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008535387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987072,0.00007228874,0.0003190461,0.0003719209,0.0002869424,0.0002426483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989977,0.00004451854,0.0001531019,0.0005663242,0.0001314541,0.0001069102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001917407,0.0000688482,0.002376915,0.00001965666,0.0004554566,4.447938e-7,0.003758221,0.9728512,0.003782812,0.004914513,0.002345408,0.00940741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003520041,0.00005227209,0.0006077851,0.00001647069,0.0001292284,0.000001110851,0.0002193819,0.9959394,0.002397098,0.00009871658,0.00005071938,0.0001357744],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4369881,0.00004277272,0.562225,0.00003512252,0.0001734009,0.0001195642,0.0000211981,0.00007539254,0.0003194298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383483,0.000002997447,0.06143314,0.00005890241,0.00004732751,0.00001481866,0.00003467013,0.000008420291,0.00005145232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5013601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3940178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382658182","doi":"10.1287/ited.2023.0286","title":"Introducing Prescriptive and Predictive Analytics to MBA Students with Microsoft Excel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Analytics; Business analytics; Data science; Microsoft excel; Python (programming language); Predictive analytics; Business intelligence; Pipeline (software); Big data; Software engineering; Knowledge management; Business model; Management; Programming language; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01079268245515444,"gpt":0.2657964726647238,"spread":0.2550037902095693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001601864,0.0001304487,0.000105736,0.0003768727,0.0002463587,0.0002888032,0.000332602,0.00003824666,0.000004956491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001387079,0.000107924,0.00002420484,0.00103209,0.00002516103,0.0006920801,0.00002114245,0.0001405359,0.00005076924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000130525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009119517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002482181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989929,0.00001083028,0.000178179,0.0003195455,0.0002722897,0.0002262705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992886,0.0000543043,0.00005245079,0.0003473578,0.0001314272,0.0001258573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001329525,0.0006651339,0.008650071,0.00007601125,0.0002413817,0.000003401343,0.06787894,0.2113241,0.0006636169,0.001033824,0.003557992,0.7057726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001697143,0.002291963,0.7431772,0.0006555146,0.0001395829,0.00007800727,0.01343796,0.2161476,0.008875418,0.001254952,0.01096551,0.001279134],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3110219,0.000008553709,0.6868442,0.0006766063,0.0005846222,0.0002712105,0.000005065645,0.0001854063,0.0004024555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985562,0.00001725756,0.01320129,0.0003881914,0.00007929352,0.00006545609,0.000007177469,0.00001119797,0.0006681273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7345271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4401012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996455866","doi":"10.1145/2598510.2598554","title":"Liveness, localization and lookahead","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Scripting language; Computer science; Liveness; Programming language; Human–computer interaction; Notation; User interface","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00737518861261378,"gpt":0.2009509389694704,"spread":0.1935757503568566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000132689,0.00004922916,0.00005507304,0.00002753448,0.00007239121,0.0001124179,0.0001765595,0.00002025701,0.000009777423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001510351,0.00004024753,0.000009678097,0.00009569053,0.0000135353,0.0001775613,0.0001394377,0.00002391091,0.00002773282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004580012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006493717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006319097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009094832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995629,0.00002066539,0.00007016778,0.0001679756,0.00007270807,0.0001055597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996936,0.0000389526,0.0000170742,0.0001853965,0.00002283933,0.00004217617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[9.510738e-7,0.00002203539,0.01575636,0.00001714643,0.000004804792,0.000001510575,0.0004439446,0.001324473,0.0001447727,0.5571305,0.001518812,0.4236347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001046062,0.00002521073,0.007049688,0.00001000825,0.000001044354,0.000006178084,0.000005226148,0.969089,0.000504576,0.004637653,0.01848678,0.0000800629],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009159267,0.00004098604,0.9781836,0.000286581,0.0001424921,0.00002404189,2.436848e-8,0.000144492,0.01201858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762523,0.000005221499,0.02286285,0.0006597461,0.0000576064,8.261964e-7,3.569203e-7,0.000003135622,0.0001579391],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9677645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1641247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2265853176","doi":"","title":"Portfolio Analysis Using Spreadsheet Tools","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Portfolio; Relevance (law); Computer science; Application portfolio management; Selection (genetic algorithm); Modern portfolio theory; Investment (military); Investment analysis; Portfolio optimization; Portfolio investment; Project portfolio management; Risk analysis (engineering); Finance; Economics; Business; Artificial intelligence; Systems engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.023432080103294,"gpt":0.2660284959253963,"spread":0.2425964158221023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001695559,0.0002296142,0.0003406427,0.0005447474,0.0004043087,0.0005926388,0.001267518,0.00008030732,0.00006330705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004573135,0.0002048824,0.0003508257,0.002041069,0.00002620221,0.001061924,0.0002196062,0.001166851,0.00003046228],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007033547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001139376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001777412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002098957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957273,0.00009534467,0.0004467184,0.0004184832,0.0004618177,0.002850319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988276,0.0000630288,0.0002519618,0.0005580162,0.0001238752,0.0001754856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004221472,0.0002669932,0.08541102,0.000005566099,0.003566457,0.000326675,0.000794346,0.04315836,0.001132856,0.4845673,0.0003300128,0.3803982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017862,0.0005601072,0.02438719,0.00006167623,0.001090268,0.01143154,0.001019116,0.7014697,0.0003334301,0.2454831,0.01071389,0.001663833],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.328663,0.0008958186,0.6673052,0.0002170215,0.0002741471,0.00004765816,3.814605e-7,0.0001003958,0.002496316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903618,0.0008147901,0.007609994,0.0001941298,0.0004497985,0.000001089233,0.000001958211,0.00001847671,0.0005480351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6616987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.835486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307886379","doi":"10.1145/3563296","title":"Can guided decomposition help end-users write larger block-based programs? a mobile robot experiment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Decomposition; Block (permutation group theory); Domain (mathematical analysis); Human–computer interaction; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01884490930995728,"gpt":0.2837958892846623,"spread":0.264950979974705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007208063,0.0002990261,0.0002925531,0.0001891726,0.000630756,0.0003679263,0.003607191,0.00005432261,0.00002121242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001265888,0.0002368221,0.0002301289,0.0008073768,0.00007905837,0.0001892016,0.002296138,0.0003320298,0.00000247362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001932234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006630026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001999224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005014244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974151,0.00004028147,0.0004233157,0.0006450452,0.000855055,0.0006211716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983886,0.00007711175,0.0003990481,0.0008499828,0.0001692426,0.0001160097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002257088,0.004653183,0.04387407,0.0006389694,0.0004231126,0.00006269634,0.03592664,0.0103271,0.2069476,0.01479154,0.007820339,0.6743091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004064694,0.004399686,0.003919124,0.0008657873,0.0001757596,0.000277175,0.0148361,0.02599984,0.9001467,0.001794645,0.04125415,0.002266363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924513,0.0004404559,0.000256521,0.004052675,0.0004068555,0.001344859,0.000005638249,0.0006484939,0.0003932682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9292551,0.000001887667,0.06928625,0.0005091505,0.00008759586,0.0007205991,0.000007524472,0.00003636927,0.00009556567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6931991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9657327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509597262","doi":"10.4236/ti.2016.73010","title":"Open Innovation and Involvement of End-Users in the Medical Device Technologies’ Design &amp;amp; Development Process: End-Users’ Perspectives","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technology and Investment","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); End user; Business; Process management; Standardization; Perspective (graphical); Knowledge management; Medicine; Computer science; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06404301534042635,"gpt":0.3055821288629828,"spread":0.2415391135225565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00152915,0.0002092101,0.000260384,0.0006784246,0.0001785329,0.00007005245,0.001784747,0.0002422453,0.0000139799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003826082,0.0001250567,0.00001225668,0.001478656,0.0005624081,0.0003728422,0.001397543,0.000233288,0.000006050062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001022744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002723921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003146015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001069539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998183,0.00008292271,0.0004678594,0.0005668997,0.0003546995,0.0003445811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989142,0.0001760374,0.0002003686,0.0005581994,0.000114435,0.00003677418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001640846,0.0002268642,0.01078615,0.00003998033,0.0000596257,0.00001039285,0.00973089,0.000003032961,0.001572474,0.8582278,0.0003770867,0.1189492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006762084,0.001086894,0.03366651,0.001897338,0.00005242469,0.0003215482,0.03613107,0.001180846,0.1036395,0.7389923,0.07452884,0.001740708],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9033659,0.001055844,0.07408985,0.01976517,0.0000625028,0.0007864708,8.817195e-7,0.0002989014,0.0005745273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9311127,0.0001264723,0.06760172,0.0009249505,0.000007101909,0.0001907408,0.000001441853,0.000007820799,0.00002705222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1192356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5099663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2244751102","doi":"10.5558/tfc2012-061","title":"Calculating empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) for nonlinear mixed effects models in Excel/Solver","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Forestry Chronicle","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Forests; Government of British Columbia","funders":"Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations","keywords":"Estimator; Applied mathematics; Taylor series; Nonlinear system; Solver; Conditional expectation; Series (stratigraphy); Calibration; Mathematics; Random effects model; Computer science; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Statistics; Econometrics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04690621304569164,"gpt":0.301282894898718,"spread":0.2543766818530263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006840975,0.0002401281,0.0002607583,0.00006849641,0.0002495545,0.00008981119,0.0009127426,0.0001277278,0.000005629195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001067385,0.0001761868,0.0001354073,0.0003867617,0.00007341486,0.0006448418,0.0004305393,0.0002820894,0.00003034733],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001694444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001156746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001569338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003238842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979475,0.0001052507,0.0003600128,0.0003797529,0.0002977529,0.0009097735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983453,0.000605393,0.000109277,0.0007104738,0.00004551513,0.000184113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001996184,0.001962898,0.232421,0.0006162918,0.0002614855,0.00005383588,0.02222717,0.6513644,0.002592661,0.03012726,0.003706122,0.05446723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001094159,0.000131135,0.01132803,0.0000912534,0.00001675759,0.00001112206,0.00004619415,0.9828029,0.002492379,0.0009777757,0.0007744722,0.0002337991],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7753717,0.0003636134,0.2226379,0.0002206377,0.0006240706,0.0004334704,0.000005015452,0.0001443314,0.0001992824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702928,0.000003971787,0.0285801,0.0002371662,0.0007484798,0.00005243583,0.000008998505,0.00003274696,0.00004328577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3314385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7184687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086414271","doi":"10.1287/ited.3.2.55","title":"Solving “Einstein's Riddle” Using Spreadsheet Optimization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Einstein; Computer science; Calculus (dental); Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical physics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01906224562465653,"gpt":0.2539114970722463,"spread":0.2348492514475897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002300395,0.0001870692,0.0001322023,0.0003376057,0.0004528474,0.0003133453,0.0003433595,0.00009216064,0.00009804053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002918747,0.0001812906,0.00008562554,0.0006707599,0.00002419778,0.001700735,0.000005697233,0.0001844406,0.00004637784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000208376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004013726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001086666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007542233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998753,0.00003451252,0.0003370918,0.0003099554,0.0002560705,0.0003094237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990173,0.00005540593,0.0001278028,0.0005354316,0.0001442488,0.000119791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003465487,0.0002300036,0.00008076108,0.00001658654,0.00001818034,4.860134e-7,0.001272554,0.8559403,0.0001328559,0.01071596,0.00006020781,0.1315286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004160987,0.0001028656,0.0003974127,0.000136618,0.00002613644,0.00008386136,0.0005791985,0.9841639,0.006905707,0.001027829,0.005653349,0.0005069794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01758314,0.00003714055,0.9680055,0.00012761,0.002164751,0.0001991274,0.000001147013,0.0002341763,0.01164746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7613861,0.00001449474,0.2379332,0.0003322098,0.0000613099,0.00001979564,0.000004648882,0.00001597929,0.0002322771],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.743803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7392814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097821369","doi":"10.1287/ited.2013.0104","title":"Deal or No Deal: A Spreadsheet Game to Introduce Decision Making Under Uncertainty","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematical economics; Operations research; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01609205023618361,"gpt":0.2885203576149293,"spread":0.2724283073787457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002171706,0.0002479971,0.000190095,0.0004325214,0.0003142802,0.0005494202,0.0007369725,0.0001076674,0.0004413818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004311278,0.0001926518,0.00009233099,0.0008623709,0.00002470607,0.00146348,0.00002763147,0.0002558261,0.001697284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003368984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004421766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006770454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001627491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981773,0.00002527986,0.0004620161,0.0004830179,0.0003938205,0.0004585187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983304,0.0002261704,0.0001099274,0.0007575569,0.0003491252,0.0002268508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004129055,0.0001931203,0.00003749663,0.00001227247,0.00001761289,3.768432e-7,0.001528364,0.07462051,0.00009946283,0.001632399,0.002903192,0.9189139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002372499,0.002637516,0.08178945,0.001713195,0.00009279181,0.000326075,0.003623693,0.7345861,0.002644214,0.023872,0.1431297,0.003212718],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.151237,0.000007481212,0.8428124,0.001534928,0.001843647,0.0004925739,0.000002190916,0.0002718991,0.001797834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8589372,0.000007459386,0.1372231,0.002850879,0.0002374964,0.000161907,0.000004396738,0.00002012425,0.0005574796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9157012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W48730118","doi":"","title":"Electronic Performance Support: An End User Training Perspective","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Retraining; Computer science; Knowledge management; End user; Competitor analysis; Conceptualization; Commit; Perspective (graphical); Electronic performance support systems; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01562799213754711,"gpt":0.2434044952064283,"spread":0.2277765030688811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001982687,0.00009112855,0.0001751812,0.0001460486,0.0002649142,0.0004422705,0.0006622899,0.0000666894,0.000001026398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001825709,0.00006481048,0.0001366585,0.0002751878,0.000006693501,0.004636365,0.00004383406,0.0001957407,0.00001069771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001433906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000423567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002424578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004755186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984279,0.00005165645,0.0006187164,0.00006436348,0.00056622,0.000271171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972157,0.00007101294,0.001632313,0.0001824453,0.0008432753,0.00005525816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004483869,0.00007981584,0.007482783,0.00006798738,0.0003101252,5.426118e-7,0.1005232,0.2449559,0.0001466542,0.6344842,0.001757129,0.01014692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0152302,0.003785176,0.1161874,0.0007715664,0.0002402842,0.001186153,0.0394285,0.2882152,0.003696004,0.0120607,0.5175664,0.001632354],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4997461,0.0001174791,0.4727482,0.004009813,0.008424287,0.001017398,0.00001588998,0.0001710073,0.01374978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998338,0.000005116701,0.001022281,0.000199679,0.0002711744,0.000005043232,0.000001601319,0.000004815221,0.0001523298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6224235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4264825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W146605489","doi":"","title":"From a Black Hole to a Hole-in-One: How a Performance Evaluation of a Golf Course Can Lead to a Good Scorecard for Both Players and Facility Managers","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management accounting quarterly","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Balanced scorecard; Productivity; Popularity; Marketing; Course (navigation); Business; Economics; Operations management; Engineering; Economic growth; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03160235128250788,"gpt":0.2712861856467501,"spread":0.2396838343642422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002989899,0.000248475,0.0003161251,0.0004037211,0.0001173673,0.0003998877,0.0006773574,0.0000559537,0.000002632374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002714096,0.0002722287,0.00006884769,0.0006799898,0.00003700061,0.0005087153,0.0001956712,0.0001041191,0.00001078279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001620406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003255694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005395955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006736557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973833,0.00004893843,0.000410299,0.0007939682,0.0007474788,0.0006160339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988181,0.00009971829,0.0001826618,0.0006348827,0.0001507167,0.0001139034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001081702,0.0001648141,0.01899587,0.0002541521,0.0001364447,0.000008925815,0.02103038,0.008045314,0.0004824976,0.0005300326,0.0007403419,0.9495031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002690908,0.0007201181,0.378547,0.0005008568,0.0001553294,6.185329e-7,0.007366476,0.6076996,0.0003269346,0.0003028187,0.001028657,0.0006606732],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8024862,0.00001982931,0.1945826,0.0008021411,0.0002013434,0.001288423,0.00001252694,0.00007383552,0.0005330509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9728206,0.000001180579,0.0266165,0.0003012202,0.00007591958,0.00008126684,0.000008363359,0.00001463997,0.0000802865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9488424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987046139","doi":"10.7202/1005785ar","title":"Se connaître et s’orienter grâce au e-portfolio","year":2011,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue internationale des technologies en pédagogie universitaire","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1062758943258238,"gpt":0.2838960804816294,"spread":0.1776201861558056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003620828,0.0004645989,0.0003900143,0.0005959408,0.0003397454,0.0001941898,0.003110996,0.0004756723,0.0002868329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003854753,0.0005292659,0.0002863584,0.0007747065,0.0007786151,0.002091345,0.002693901,0.000664001,0.0002910091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001163944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003518203,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001411698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006235446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973357,0.0001165229,0.0004624556,0.0009255271,0.0003566635,0.0008031169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977647,0.0002828856,0.0003306006,0.001027725,0.0004722711,0.0001218395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000348601,0.0003644247,0.04765563,0.0001814193,0.0003717312,0.002297905,0.02199498,0.000237949,0.00005733025,0.3860157,0.005694758,0.5350933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002016079,0.00112067,0.03425368,0.003522015,0.0002421349,0.002101079,0.04614788,0.03107307,0.004755672,0.03951962,0.8329323,0.002315788],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6868669,0.00493024,0.1320885,0.01454762,0.005293148,0.0004899295,0.00009102355,0.003142876,0.1525497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8049394,0.001728557,0.03227593,0.0001728306,0.0001792622,0.000009237334,0.0000226047,0.00004913821,0.160623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8272375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136016475","doi":"10.1017/s0269888907001178","title":"Implementing logic spreadsheets in LESS","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Small Business Innovation Research; University of Southern California","keywords":"Computer science; Business logic; Variety (cybernetics); Programming language; Logic programming; Software engineering; Knowledge representation and reasoning; Representation (politics); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03164084203315821,"gpt":0.2938981615590844,"spread":0.2622573195259262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003357276,0.0001991779,0.0002973682,0.000112023,0.00009401415,0.00006474563,0.001174902,0.00003468734,0.00001445533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001355119,0.0001417438,0.00009090389,0.0008791926,0.00001225157,0.0001671873,0.0006107005,0.000253322,0.0001208138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007318037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002529404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001517253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000383368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998322,0.00004254084,0.0004694932,0.0003011771,0.0001464025,0.000718396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988764,0.0002967712,0.0000744739,0.0006328758,0.00004435847,0.00007515719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001174311,0.00008400643,0.0008262332,0.002285468,0.00002973587,0.00005658836,0.001328604,0.001123669,0.0003685754,0.06098815,0.001312156,0.9315956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008698368,0.0000859937,0.03255512,0.01660232,0.00006513279,0.0002393061,0.00008005813,0.3012521,0.00100429,0.0007086769,0.6449645,0.001572739],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01320562,0.2829309,0.6862301,0.0009782799,0.001376295,0.0007111811,6.653786e-7,0.0006187521,0.01394826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9641908,0.007774205,0.02636664,0.0007530091,0.0005782206,0.00004208014,0.000003505495,0.0000573321,0.0002341986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9509852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5780144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080810998","doi":"10.1108/9781789734133","title":"Financial Modeling for Decision Making: Using MS-Excel in Accounting and Finance","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Finance; Financial modeling; Accounting; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04464119862915877,"gpt":0.2797168808419828,"spread":0.235075682212824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003696889,0.000354379,0.0005074318,0.0002369954,0.0002056997,0.0003986184,0.0008459975,0.0002857609,0.000003188089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002191301,0.0003579877,0.000112939,0.0002148028,0.00001926265,0.0004532347,0.0009913419,0.0003681097,0.000003929478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001576119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004787782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003395987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000405649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977042,0.00001264184,0.000564767,0.0009598986,0.000284745,0.0004737221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989286,0.0003424963,0.000209683,0.0003870833,0.00009828293,0.00003382202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007244095,0.00004252306,0.0002010442,0.0003914969,0.00002238816,0.0001014499,0.001465115,0.2706846,0.00003873932,0.1557032,0.007680246,0.5635967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000264532,0.00002769886,0.00003096965,0.001107507,0.000007864764,0.0000123802,0.000003563002,0.9407727,0.000003927272,0.05005626,0.00731378,0.0003988571],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.004498306,0.0005425815,0.9813161,0.00008529802,0.0006189463,0.000349022,0.000003655072,0.0001155387,0.01247059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09372731,0.00007836034,0.9001839,0.0008464411,0.0009973617,0.00001437574,0.000005184163,0.00007647882,0.0040706],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6700881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388913555","doi":"10.32920/24615453","title":"Geometric Brownian Motion, Option Pricing, and Simulation: Some Spreadsheet-Based Exercises in Financial Modeling","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Geometric Brownian motion; Black–Scholes model; Brownian motion; Computer science; Process (computing); Stock price; Stochastic process; Underpinning; Financial modeling; Mathematical finance; Stock (firearms); Valuation of options; Mathematical economics; Econometrics; Economics; Finance; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Diffusion process; Engineering; Programming language; Statistics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05687352821666609,"gpt":0.2818557993168763,"spread":0.2249822711002102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007401186,0.0004062835,0.0004971556,0.001698521,0.0001843309,0.00057915,0.0008497396,0.0003676732,0.000008884942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002871378,0.0004145397,0.000117817,0.001384301,0.00002739408,0.0005699547,0.001550839,0.0005578011,0.00002533572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001844147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000223699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001096043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007927621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969621,0.00008057636,0.000712216,0.001225798,0.0005017249,0.0005175703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984108,0.0002586112,0.0002081565,0.0008222479,0.0001656747,0.0001345345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005337417,0.00004618194,0.002927599,0.0001222658,0.000004805055,0.0000130809,0.0001997777,0.9716498,0.000004036712,0.001782963,0.00002900817,0.02321514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004152829,0.00002817644,0.0220398,0.0003190233,0.00001161988,0.000001344023,0.0000102436,0.9680272,0.00005061782,0.008626691,0.00002955394,0.0004404967],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2252633,0.0002387981,0.7721902,0.0003311553,0.000886814,0.0003819964,0.000003097263,0.0005740034,0.0001306612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9577797,0.00006295348,0.0415161,0.0001760404,0.0002876316,0.00003605076,0.00002783724,0.00003626773,0.00007742122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7325165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998307,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1775126135","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-77442-6_8","title":"Unification of Arrays in Spreadsheets with Logic Programming","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Unification; Computer science; Template; Matching (statistics); Programming language; Logic programming; Key (lock); Theoretical computer science; Generic programming; Data structure; Focus (optics); Algorithm; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03158209850135571,"gpt":0.2627877266648067,"spread":0.2312056281634509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001414874,0.0004997122,0.0005940851,0.001366941,0.000121144,0.0002939466,0.002813587,0.0002928936,0.000009967408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005235552,0.0004176115,0.0000856472,0.001356926,0.0005897423,0.0005416538,0.0007388929,0.000744679,0.00001089882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002728483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000407545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009292913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002872453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960041,0.00003201082,0.0007247724,0.001432772,0.00102606,0.0007802799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973826,0.0003379124,0.0004816198,0.001348771,0.0003104679,0.000138655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001407475,0.0000739669,0.0007154098,0.00007939754,0.000009669021,0.0001311024,0.001518577,0.08095565,0.0001675331,0.04505648,0.00000267275,0.8712755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001063815,0.0008946178,0.003799496,0.002795937,0.0000189869,0.0002299016,0.000002507981,0.8774604,0.004259499,0.1059861,0.001665958,0.001822777],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000609308,0.0002167673,0.9905251,0.0002662614,0.0005586832,0.0004640444,0.000001220398,0.0001324128,0.007226266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3423813,0.00001361774,0.657125,0.0002344658,0.0001535914,0.000005428232,0.000004228301,0.00002768351,0.00005468358],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8694527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004416088","doi":"10.1145/1598732.1598762","title":"Report of the workshop on software engineering foundations for end-user programming","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Software engineering; Computer science; End user; Software development; Social software engineering; Software; Process (computing); Focus (optics); Software construction; Engineering management; Engineering; World Wide Web; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02120019617802039,"gpt":0.2578392215470297,"spread":0.2366390253690093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003711819,0.0003667255,0.0003436205,0.0001950302,0.0002253667,0.0002048523,0.001680645,0.0001397665,0.000005169265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0663,0.0003121723,0.0002762154,0.0007442203,0.00002334824,0.000375899,0.0003658743,0.0003172371,0.000003927815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000875374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008314569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001071495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001891639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978127,0.00001404243,0.0005533307,0.000580634,0.0004181127,0.0006211217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9831233,0.01467951,0.0002130698,0.001682969,0.0001781431,0.0001230244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002551252,0.0005136254,0.1416286,0.0004849812,0.0002769183,0.0001134345,0.00300369,0.401393,0.002522101,0.03000592,0.001361516,0.4186707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002101606,0.000688631,0.8188829,0.003267311,0.0001896251,0.0005094025,0.00005022207,0.04847898,0.02979614,0.0005821284,0.09219465,0.003258437],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08953995,0.0001779827,0.9063089,0.0006612552,0.001353193,0.0005564147,0.000007253634,0.001391542,0.000003487977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5721325,0.000002584213,0.4274423,0.0001037282,0.0001905221,0.00004514249,0.00001095648,0.00003590925,0.00003636504],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6772542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375851201","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcci.2023.100594","title":"Child-home interaction: Design and usability evaluation of a game-based end-user development for children","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Usability; Operability; End-user development; Human–computer interaction; Computer science; End user; Action (physics); Abstraction; Control (management); Software engineering; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04390221529970741,"gpt":0.3237417559123635,"spread":0.2798395406126561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002467676,0.0002447727,0.000340124,0.0008280516,0.0001267228,0.0003034124,0.0009100569,0.00008261986,0.00003738047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001744124,0.000224066,0.000223242,0.0003212725,0.00004573328,0.00133216,0.0002334271,0.000306617,0.00001163281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003280784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002189574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001351573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003547829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968254,0.0002430504,0.001087354,0.0004159212,0.001182223,0.0002460262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964768,0.0005603973,0.0009530637,0.0002675467,0.001632447,0.0001096936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005298769,0.0005548162,0.005134456,0.00004022895,0.0008774259,0.00001024405,0.002738535,0.2659075,0.0003396735,0.0009852225,0.002800206,0.7200818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003244667,0.0004178505,0.1541729,0.0006928651,0.00006941122,0.000699665,0.00004941248,0.8228491,0.01122045,0.001073105,0.005172416,0.0003381999],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3228623,0.0000464088,0.6708058,0.001928444,0.003877981,0.0003479846,0.000003483412,0.00006513403,0.00006251172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9321922,0.00001404865,0.06651857,0.0003191519,0.0008863346,0.00002054889,0.00002353744,0.00001989598,0.000005722783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7197436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9137146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902455350","doi":"10.3138/cjpe.31157","title":"Three Steps Toward Sustainability: Spreadsheets as a Data-Analysis System for Non-Profit Organizations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Sustainability; Profit (economics); Business; Data collection; Work (physics); Computer science; Competitive advantage; Knowledge management; Process management; Marketing; Economics; Microeconomics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1174350320436329,"gpt":0.3777692065265517,"spread":0.2603341744829188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004004817,0.0001761991,0.0003657006,0.0006967036,0.0004322481,0.0007524944,0.001758439,0.00009568535,0.00008105172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00154608,0.0001602446,0.0001524841,0.002230938,0.00008515903,0.0007362149,0.000124719,0.0001353964,0.00002220287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008881703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005296111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004148494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02010103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976135,0.000130946,0.0006877454,0.0004641094,0.0006190263,0.0004846047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911451,0.0001066593,0.0005026123,0.001117721,0.006597815,0.0005301471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002681534,0.00008705081,0.0382156,0.0002006996,0.002206055,0.00005062636,0.006449307,0.00456368,0.00002558129,0.01694446,0.007241573,0.9239886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007097442,0.0006472761,0.01621196,0.00005801497,0.001767393,0.00007885123,0.0008184444,0.9693715,0.0001102894,0.003856492,0.006102025,0.0002680313],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03851654,0.0001349788,0.9555813,0.002639668,0.0009773192,0.001756994,0.0000191553,0.00006056983,0.0003134717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9178414,4.525484e-7,0.08146979,0.00007292143,0.0004808891,0.00004677706,0.00005423634,0.00001774246,0.0000158087],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9648078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799331810","doi":"10.1287/ited.2017.0191","title":"A Case-Based Undergraduate Operations Research Course","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Engineering management; Undergraduate research; Medical education; Engineering; Psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05958730738012575,"gpt":0.3662176218778579,"spread":0.3066303144977322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004530537,0.0001167069,0.00008082514,0.0003676657,0.00112694,0.0004025065,0.0003958758,0.0000654029,0.00006376878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001926957,0.0001040784,0.00005296765,0.0009962197,0.0001161812,0.0008187793,0.000007325465,0.0002684715,0.0004147303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001503276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009866253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007187434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998787,0.0000523909,0.0002341007,0.0002779417,0.0003290598,0.0003194947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985482,0.0001050242,0.00002539748,0.0006520953,0.0005372362,0.0001321111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001907173,0.001325262,0.00005719283,0.00002389882,0.00004377419,0.00002096973,0.005379309,0.0340835,0.0001748853,0.05326121,0.003551905,0.902059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007179337,0.0008348022,0.001186163,0.0001285087,0.00002392818,0.0007568538,0.001537267,0.9607663,0.008755312,0.004187454,0.02057021,0.0005352814],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05618564,0.00001053523,0.9319271,0.004934698,0.001363015,0.0002526992,0.000002796465,0.0002076179,0.005115889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673527,0.000003198979,0.03104607,0.0006294828,0.0001788122,0.00008284215,0.000005061436,0.00001056548,0.000691222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9266828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8667625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969223346","doi":"10.18461/ijfsd.v10i4.23","title":"Value Beyond Price: End User Value Chain Analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal on food system dynamics","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Agribusiness; Value chain; Business; Chain (unit); Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Economics; Mathematics; Statistics; Marketing; Supply chain; Agriculture; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007928186161840297,"gpt":0.2405080860038589,"spread":0.2325798998420186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009899556,0.0002607674,0.00038856,0.0008465993,0.00015168,0.0009386812,0.00235893,0.0001121757,0.00003796065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003582631,0.0002254443,0.0004198266,0.0006897588,0.00001665054,0.000556012,0.0003708483,0.0004326826,0.0001846744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009884323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001214279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003670181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001718234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967857,0.000178214,0.0006921593,0.0004849843,0.001471067,0.0003878837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980801,0.0002012139,0.0005442458,0.0005632133,0.0004123659,0.0001989124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000223537,0.00009765296,0.01068766,0.0000163768,0.001941127,0.0001199495,0.000392432,0.1694473,0.00005308185,0.8133947,0.0001227998,0.003704591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005913172,0.000241095,0.008942705,0.0001398443,0.00006625974,0.0004555508,0.0001469026,0.9866795,0.00003998089,0.0009614073,0.001451013,0.0002844062],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3819278,0.00007597043,0.5916833,0.00144082,0.007074387,0.0001795094,0.00002784053,0.0001695618,0.01742082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909558,0.000007640391,0.007438324,0.0004656121,0.0004993204,0.000003241803,0.00001424448,0.00002342398,0.0005923839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8172322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9193352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1898683080","doi":"10.1109/vl.1998.706173","title":"Multimedia workshop: exploring the benefits of a visual scripting language","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Scripting language; Computer science; Programming language; Programmer; Visual programming language; Very high-level programming language; Usability; Multimedia; Human–computer interaction; Programming paradigm; Programming domain; Inductive programming","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07014210684027422,"gpt":0.2628878365786565,"spread":0.1927457297383823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002320978,0.0001072029,0.0001231994,0.00006568088,0.0001229065,0.0001077885,0.000724336,0.00002343779,0.00006982411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008317089,0.00007071726,0.0000595065,0.0003769772,0.00002638836,0.0003837522,0.0003982798,0.0001211447,0.00004707684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001157245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004500629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009136361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001910963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989997,0.00003027512,0.0002129693,0.0002354674,0.0002378592,0.0002837341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999204,0.0002425165,0.00006672664,0.0003939105,0.00003741456,0.00005543377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001079252,0.00006964535,0.0009169301,0.000009214456,0.00001753507,0.00000691056,0.02233021,0.001756185,0.0009188263,0.00479998,0.000790485,0.968383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002272671,0.00003120767,0.004707175,0.00007291567,0.000004725442,0.00001055804,0.001471577,0.9866878,0.006106332,0.00002427693,0.0004884902,0.0001676842],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9299802,0.0008225984,0.060265,0.000610653,0.0007363767,0.0001038992,3.392618e-7,0.000274645,0.007206331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9675053,0.00001637532,0.03173136,0.0001985924,0.0001798892,0.0000074178,2.235768e-7,0.000008672826,0.000352167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9849316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2883766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079029665","doi":"10.5539/ies.v2n3p82","title":"A Spreadsheet-Based Approach for Operations Research Teaching","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Mathematics education; Computer science; Teaching method; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2039131371524764,"gpt":0.4857419242783254,"spread":0.281828787125849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001137992,0.0001124336,0.0001243892,0.0003262807,0.0007001716,0.00033921,0.0007993932,0.00003259799,0.000004008642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001248026,0.0001015152,0.00006525542,0.0002200524,0.00004186818,0.0004336415,0.0001110824,0.000221068,0.00001195906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001815299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002876732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000589582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005842439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986066,0.0001059376,0.0002475441,0.0003952456,0.0004090877,0.000235569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974551,0.0003388614,0.00003662365,0.0003089831,0.001806261,0.00005416688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001630757,0.001090452,0.0004803104,0.00002369995,0.0001228842,6.174982e-7,0.005375237,0.02589096,0.0005641723,0.7285179,0.04974257,0.1881749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000760702,0.000247289,0.004206365,0.0001440385,0.00001381697,0.00001409279,0.003542935,0.8552943,0.0009908278,0.02038708,0.113956,0.000442545],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01396073,0.0006018628,0.9481692,0.01665488,0.002149046,0.0003485193,0.000003580123,0.0001672491,0.01794492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.659228,0.00000856425,0.3381777,0.001100101,0.0003741613,0.0001383641,0.00001994725,0.000005106871,0.0009479811],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8294034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5385225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054684894","doi":"10.2308/jeta-51114","title":"Some Clarification to the Evolution of the Electronic Spreadsheet","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fortran; Computer science; Electronic computer; Corporation; Personal computer; Programming language; Operations research; Volume (thermodynamics); Computer program; Software engineering; Operating system; Finance; Mathematics; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0081585550230825,"gpt":0.2372777391650678,"spread":0.2291191841419853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002322698,0.000105415,0.0001808259,0.0003361657,0.000159535,0.00008595039,0.002847238,0.00008890406,5.604423e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001348569,0.00006209464,0.00009120694,0.001145173,0.00005310096,0.0005189442,0.0006990542,0.0005768542,0.000001872844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002426353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008510544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005653431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002853198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985319,0.00007300627,0.0005504558,0.0001650435,0.0003508091,0.0003288131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983285,0.0001605447,0.0006649781,0.0006825973,0.0001525777,0.00001076729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001340138,0.00008282977,0.06211818,0.00003754624,0.00004455946,0.000001604505,0.001419005,0.04095389,0.01794882,0.6230696,0.001471873,0.2528386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009582986,0.000404283,0.1166663,0.001219687,0.00005132698,0.0001586025,0.005027329,0.4622597,0.03296658,0.3452986,0.03433061,0.0006586989],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6756448,0.0009721983,0.3069983,0.01488444,0.001035641,0.0001341536,1.385638e-7,0.0001399661,0.0001904257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908568,0.00003418102,0.008862044,0.00008403603,0.0001483711,0.000002541498,3.404872e-8,0.000006828693,0.000005109784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4213058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5290924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1897733803","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.03122","title":"Structured Spreadsheet Modeling and Implementation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software engineering; Simple (philosophy); Audit; Software; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09452939409572676,"gpt":0.2225355323582522,"spread":0.1280061382625255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002646043,0.0002881453,0.0002742117,0.0002061334,0.0001479339,0.0002527898,0.001028589,0.0001829729,0.00001417638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001176556,0.0003251577,0.00008225354,0.0002690279,0.00003509506,0.0004460084,0.002598717,0.0003557878,0.00001012627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001580645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001768569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006259078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000114231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982627,0.00008097004,0.0002036495,0.00100306,0.0001065838,0.000343026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986161,0.00003093588,0.0001651519,0.0008110727,0.0001706088,0.0002061064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001185675,0.00001816828,0.003724409,0.00006233184,0.00007637567,0.00009058203,0.00117056,0.9165714,0.00003141099,0.07253647,0.0004239007,0.005282545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004305731,0.00002603082,0.0005395953,0.00003545209,0.00003644419,0.000007083856,0.0001932247,0.928417,0.00003363911,0.06983066,0.0001147697,0.0003355141],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.519711,0.00007464289,0.478781,0.00004605905,0.0004493237,0.0001540421,0.000008039337,0.000179039,0.0005969579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993284,0.0000558601,0.006369529,0.00006392194,0.0001120631,4.950111e-7,0.00002515177,0.0000167251,0.00007217998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4735731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998617839","doi":"10.1287/inte.1080.0344","title":"A Spreadsheet Implementation of an Ammunition Requirements Planning Model for the Canadian Army","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Ammunition; Variety (cybernetics); Engineering; Operations research; Engineering management; Operations management; Aeronautics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09789625560620263,"gpt":0.3324277299142118,"spread":0.2345314743080092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005575786,0.0001370902,0.0001560966,0.0002737239,0.0008700306,0.0001988668,0.0007215037,0.00005132773,0.000006086393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001120016,0.00009602882,0.00007975456,0.0002406946,0.00003923713,0.0005147367,0.00005519946,0.0002259458,0.000002966507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001880168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004263166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001655194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003154244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986315,0.000008198089,0.0004827134,0.000123886,0.0004021135,0.0003516117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988977,0.00006724514,0.0003433007,0.0003365616,0.0001602397,0.0001950014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004093735,0.00004989075,0.0009317601,0.00001404568,0.0001319423,0.0000138678,0.008472201,0.8798738,0.0001555104,0.04486288,0.001100493,0.06435265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006889465,0.0001425129,0.002267541,0.00002225836,0.00002034901,0.00006108217,0.0005342756,0.9910951,0.0006273803,0.00368309,0.0007146941,0.0001427374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2178076,0.00001423828,0.7782573,0.0003173802,0.0002114436,0.0003223354,0.00001241618,0.00003742015,0.003019855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772693,0.00001468801,0.02179565,0.0007639488,0.000107076,0.000007893012,0.00001238434,0.00001038687,0.00001869232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7594617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.669166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052583011","doi":"10.1287/ited.5.1.37","title":"Simulating NHL Games to Motivate Student Interest in OR/MS","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"League; Computer science; Mathematics education; Monte Carlo method; Simulation; Operations research; Psychology; Statistics; Mathematics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03696708045232003,"gpt":0.3158061938823503,"spread":0.2788391134300302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001464124,0.0001380867,0.0001160033,0.0003847722,0.0001288876,0.0002093679,0.0004365167,0.00004685999,0.00003000055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002120004,0.0001130881,0.00004474369,0.0007095912,0.00001140498,0.0007868988,0.00001487632,0.0001821337,0.00009002302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003007039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000216443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004234466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004666517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989995,0.00001059094,0.0003305403,0.0002551087,0.0001554714,0.0002488008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993486,0.00006240132,0.00006061354,0.0003629363,0.0000603695,0.0001051199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001386997,0.0005034442,0.0004660207,0.00001378929,0.00001107076,0.000001595021,0.01493345,0.3855155,0.0001027256,0.003104831,0.00002366493,0.5953101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008273324,0.003822006,0.7112717,0.004725099,0.00006260682,0.000186549,0.02561105,0.1488409,0.0465949,0.01709424,0.02933718,0.004180494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5094588,0.000004080039,0.4875512,0.0009721379,0.0007497019,0.0001870135,5.043898e-7,0.00009967624,0.0009767711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982228,0.000004011019,0.01655158,0.000933148,0.0000565135,0.00004276406,0.000001528127,0.000009356419,0.0001731351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7108057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4611599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103242704","doi":"10.1109/iccl.1988.13036","title":"An intentional language as the basis of a 3-D spreadsheet design","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Variable (mathematics); Extension (predicate logic); Plane (geometry); Basis (linear algebra); Programming language; Space (punctuation); Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02223501564178398,"gpt":0.2683392496287693,"spread":0.2461042339869853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004321062,0.00008901336,0.00009625845,0.00005227263,0.00008788976,0.0000953956,0.0007460947,0.00002838425,0.0002953247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007178314,0.00005573132,0.00005169411,0.0002453418,0.00003737875,0.000248333,0.00007951435,0.00006930841,0.00005271678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000109378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005795017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001850294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007896478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990628,0.0001515225,0.0001656031,0.0002180771,0.0002177241,0.0001842769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991232,0.00015608,0.00005334808,0.0005425978,0.00006639949,0.00005833946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009963359,0.0002763213,0.001587836,0.00001062653,0.00005909762,0.00002267832,0.007049047,0.002883461,0.0102206,0.9326571,0.003591801,0.04163145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001550616,0.001039157,0.01573208,0.00009454673,0.0000486201,0.000393387,0.005570908,0.5368586,0.3904966,0.03883449,0.008336074,0.001044905],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05713743,0.0001125098,0.9135463,0.0003112228,0.0002346406,0.0001138088,6.633024e-7,0.0001196541,0.02842377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8888707,0.000001692738,0.1103044,0.0004668808,0.00002535671,0.000004116725,7.240332e-7,0.000005357118,0.000320753],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8938226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3233599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159054552","doi":"10.21236/ada512358","title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Engineering Foundations for End-User Programming (SEEUP 2009)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Government; Carnegie Mellon University; U.S. Department of Defense; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Software engineering; Computer science; Programming language; End user; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03559652748405105,"gpt":0.2834855006270551,"spread":0.247888973143004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000636637,0.0004149909,0.0004642926,0.0002470402,0.0002459234,0.0004543216,0.001671392,0.0002735289,0.00001358176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006902012,0.0002972049,0.0003845129,0.000715694,0.000030365,0.0003103788,0.0004030732,0.0004484984,0.000003229232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002065464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004538678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003993305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001111673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971815,0.000005561247,0.0006339452,0.0007024803,0.0008948951,0.0005816585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977808,0.0002764832,0.0004666987,0.0006007242,0.0007791034,0.00009621488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009328068,0.0003637158,0.00188934,0.0009267415,0.0002845725,0.000003918653,0.001086796,0.003642887,0.00006431589,0.05874329,0.09149746,0.8414876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003703235,0.0001737457,0.006193582,0.00234137,0.00009625359,0.00005802252,0.00006277641,0.01481277,0.0007387321,0.0003160757,0.9739217,0.000914666],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002824616,0.0005524264,0.9399348,0.001263159,0.006690356,0.003935485,0.00003158085,0.001961119,0.04280648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03182437,0.0001352361,0.9425525,0.0004241272,0.002247283,0.0003795492,0.00004252885,0.0001831126,0.02221129],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8824242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807207612","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3184054","title":"Accounting and Finance Applications for Introduction to Statistics with R","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005480811936672373,"gpt":0.2356775339652106,"spread":0.2301967220285382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005629028,0.00007443011,0.00007532872,0.00006272427,0.0004148384,0.0001709713,0.0002667155,0.00001750845,7.607035e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002326965,0.00006204832,0.00001093965,0.0002056568,0.0000258438,0.0002265988,0.00005532117,0.000249068,0.000006080162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001317209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003042874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009874886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001460362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987292,0.000009447708,0.0001201804,0.0002215916,0.0001018224,0.000817786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995041,0.00003381119,0.0000812791,0.0001651514,0.0001845853,0.00003106445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001113013,0.00001088857,0.0001655288,0.000002749671,0.00001621472,1.514987e-7,0.0001843487,0.0001403271,0.0001077881,0.6485112,0.0006149596,0.3502347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001167118,0.002417522,0.002447356,0.00003742967,0.00004032229,0.001266073,0.0004520858,0.08564549,0.0007980485,0.6966622,0.2084735,0.0005928359],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02019057,0.0001286115,0.9774494,0.001874541,0.0001224438,0.0001619664,0.000001064256,0.00002824025,0.00004320561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6791689,0.0001319412,0.3176123,0.0001957814,0.002612859,0.00002683114,0.00000114867,0.00001302022,0.0002372475],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6598371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3190643,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2784521223","doi":"10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.191","title":"Programming In The Model — A New Scripting Interface for Parametric CAD Systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACADIA quarterly","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Scripting language; Key (lock); Programming paradigm; Programming language; Human–computer interaction; Liveness; Consistency (knowledge bases); CAD; Application programming interface; Software engineering; Interface (matter); Artificial intelligence; Engineering drawing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03374096248793704,"gpt":0.2682695332202436,"spread":0.2345285707323065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005709679,0.0001788464,0.0002011255,0.000196184,0.0001327401,0.001035144,0.001395039,0.00008450251,0.000001069487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005283148,0.0001294642,0.00007421938,0.0006999826,0.00001759022,0.000803333,0.00005447377,0.0002401346,0.00005097393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000519469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007086724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002279491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003806707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983166,0.00006956358,0.0003790513,0.0004137791,0.0002288311,0.0005921188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988949,0.0003067063,0.0001220361,0.0005080714,0.00005902896,0.0001092043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004207312,0.00007816382,0.0008645867,0.00007193057,0.00002618449,0.000004983794,0.03874382,0.01702245,0.0001812678,0.0279513,0.01066976,0.9043813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003116433,0.0002147286,0.0004966404,0.00006223258,0.000004797379,0.00001618912,0.001346936,0.9924306,0.00001281749,0.002368846,0.002548716,0.0001858159],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1598521,0.000562343,0.8367009,0.001051309,0.0004386887,0.0009887198,7.091302e-7,0.0001449453,0.0002603869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9429513,0.000001163769,0.05627432,0.0002626645,0.0001547104,0.0001920113,9.77999e-7,0.00001462595,0.0001481982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9754082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322742899","doi":"10.3390/jrfm16030157","title":"The Split-Screen Approach for Project Appraisal (Part II: Spreadsheet Modeling)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Consistency (knowledge bases); Computer science; Asset (computer security); Software; Capital (architecture); Software engineering; Accounting; Industrial engineering; Finance; Programming language; Economics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02886302448884276,"gpt":0.2672545518262325,"spread":0.2383915273373898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001620171,0.0001481315,0.0002219274,0.0001885247,0.0007031601,0.0002448334,0.0007306861,0.00004564109,2.488653e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001186876,0.00009777589,0.0001454908,0.0004468846,0.00003179907,0.0002446354,0.0005676089,0.000181337,0.00000137804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001903923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004389304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003215262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000463334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985689,0.00004421777,0.0004458654,0.0002501235,0.0003234108,0.000367503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991454,0.0001564126,0.0002468855,0.0002867908,0.0000992535,0.0000652848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121508,0.0001023695,0.0005198587,0.00006954878,0.00006854816,0.0000289706,0.001677272,0.02145093,0.000001883602,0.113378,0.03181013,0.830771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007841681,0.000274728,0.002274205,0.00004687716,0.0000510469,0.00001837069,0.0002532243,0.7230126,0.000004202724,0.005491625,0.2676127,0.0001762339],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03043871,0.0003901155,0.9664101,0.0002524088,0.001023912,0.0003311978,0.000006284293,0.00005991355,0.00108735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6381305,0.005338318,0.3524692,0.0002451079,0.002929856,0.00008027782,0.00001006793,0.000051151,0.000745499],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8305947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.540821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293194504","doi":"10.1287/ited.2022.0275","title":"Advising Student-Driven Analytics Projects: A Summary of Experiences and Lessons Learned","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INFORMS Transactions on Education","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Analytics; Project-based learning; Computer science; Project team; Learning analytics; Work (physics); Engineering management; Knowledge management; Data science; Process management; Engineering; Mathematics education; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04227055705158924,"gpt":0.3283131092313006,"spread":0.2860425521797114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598715,0.00008851217,0.0001060772,0.0002705117,0.0004074092,0.00009596941,0.0003486095,0.00002149962,0.0000243715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006321339,0.00008323615,0.00004279816,0.0005397124,0.00003850137,0.000534366,0.0000286624,0.0001535413,0.000001197614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008164001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002651871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000124021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000105699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991243,0.0000265438,0.0002304099,0.0002021461,0.0002738697,0.0001426812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994622,0.00005573967,0.0001128909,0.0002667859,0.00005374806,0.00004862737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001296461,0.0005235341,0.0009360448,0.0000280902,0.00003650847,6.080546e-7,0.1012257,0.02244934,0.0001543652,0.002437959,0.0001099499,0.8720849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00183949,0.002123384,0.0415953,0.0003425516,0.0001233488,0.0001459281,0.4843559,0.4374451,0.00589927,0.002066634,0.02260017,0.001462917],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7273019,0.00008634431,0.2686209,0.001136021,0.0008912705,0.0002301658,0.000003678415,0.00009518278,0.001634557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924814,0.00002880836,0.007049119,0.0001367788,0.0000193191,0.00008743101,0.000003056472,0.000005306738,0.0001888356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.870622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3394272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1581867006","doi":"10.1109/vlhcc.2004.36","title":"Message-Flow Programming in PdaGraph","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Usability; Component (thermodynamics); Visual programming language; Human–computer interaction; Programming domain; First-generation programming language; Programming language; Fidelity; C programming language; Fourth-generation programming language; User interface; Interface (matter); Multimedia; Inductive programming; Programming paradigm; Software; Functional logic programming; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01335745025981296,"gpt":0.23953392686985,"spread":0.2261764766100371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002535305,0.00009679098,0.0001030488,0.0001217435,0.00005576499,0.0001726489,0.0005806391,0.00003536858,0.00004750534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001128194,0.00008171969,0.00004377223,0.0004256484,0.00001381467,0.0003262249,0.0002113711,0.0001048009,0.00008073832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002627793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001929558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008165823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001757339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99901,0.00002229413,0.0001797111,0.00029229,0.0001575533,0.0003381712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995182,0.00003810192,0.00002762793,0.00033125,0.0000196491,0.00006521804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[7.493839e-7,0.00005698603,0.004233444,0.000003220964,0.000003229999,0.00001178023,0.0006239386,0.001746351,0.00004370448,0.01817892,0.0009162021,0.9741815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005218315,0.00004146156,0.01157052,0.00003573909,0.000001912498,0.00002172847,0.00006085265,0.848518,0.001042849,0.000950737,0.1368989,0.0003354492],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08436954,0.0003170905,0.833675,0.004330955,0.0004229716,0.0002487977,1.750895e-7,0.0008961989,0.07573932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6128701,0.000003351905,0.3862695,0.0003706797,0.00007514648,0.000005521276,2.908502e-7,0.000004686571,0.0004007196],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.973846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3332433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132574419","doi":"10.1142/s0218194013500216","title":"DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EDITOR/INTERPRETER FOR A VISUAL LOGIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Debugger; Interpreter; Computer science; Programming language; Debugging; Prolog; Logic programming; Interface (matter); Visual programming language; Software engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007409049808588177,"gpt":0.2786564144069377,"spread":0.2712473645983495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002791115,0.0001239421,0.000157645,0.0002386603,0.00002048172,0.0001527579,0.0002786152,0.00003900354,0.000002764238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011286,0.0001136253,0.00004655115,0.00006852474,0.000008124171,0.0005944571,0.0000958131,0.0001009886,3.815369e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003482371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002653763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001098438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.589895e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992481,0.00001021023,0.0003135377,0.000130047,0.000142202,0.0001558774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992158,0.0002496784,0.0001137007,0.0000643518,0.0002668888,0.00008952698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002838413,0.0001422205,0.001504315,0.0003580312,0.0004543742,0.00002841106,0.01453763,0.07630584,0.03058727,0.001506355,0.0002475035,0.8742996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007097204,0.0003811975,0.002484807,0.00025512,0.00001508562,0.0001493194,0.0001944206,0.9886442,0.006356343,0.00005137755,0.0005573544,0.0002010038],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2157198,0.0004045845,0.7822208,0.00002402234,0.00147679,0.0001019706,7.848842e-7,0.00005062399,6.529481e-7],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6324961,0.000007540782,0.366798,0.0000053922,0.0006688734,0.00000946242,0.00000101797,0.00001144096,0.000002137951],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9123384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4633506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1514202727","doi":"10.15353/joci.v9i1.3191","title":"Supporting End User Development in Community Computing: Requirements, Opportunities, and Challenges","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Community Informatics","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"End-user development; Autonomy; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Situated; Domain (mathematical analysis); Knowledge management; Data science; End user; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Political science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1875180983204669,"gpt":0.3247283996576218,"spread":0.1372103013371549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01494834,0.0001792479,0.0003140463,0.000210701,0.000899085,0.0001325101,0.001915004,0.00005863495,0.000004442992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001742067,0.0001293674,0.00003903482,0.0001646791,0.0001085635,0.001644548,0.001689706,0.001467955,0.000002616204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001009188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001322695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009909484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004521966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965583,0.001279612,0.001259079,0.00001272424,0.0004186559,0.0004716158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967985,0.001198747,0.001003364,0.0006676355,0.000162605,0.0001691743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001089235,0.0002767923,0.00360276,0.0002169657,0.00006343655,0.000001096694,0.8119539,0.0002294636,0.00001138488,0.005144269,0.0002947772,0.1781942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002133774,0.0005339378,0.1441945,0.001059577,0.00006258462,0.001429251,0.7398791,0.00990122,0.0008165178,0.001480216,0.09772027,0.0007890134],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729524,0.001084617,0.02192445,0.0008730278,0.0002464644,0.0000920211,4.421918e-7,0.00002994793,0.002796639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856027,0.000829032,0.01288581,0.0006200874,0.00004332485,4.104005e-7,0.000001597415,0.000007878747,0.000009101023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1774052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6915125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939408360","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v20i2.333","title":"Applications of Stochastic Simulations in Inventory Management Optimization: Cost Accounting Perspectives","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cost accounting; Profitability index; Inventory management; Management accounting; Computer science; Inventory theory; Operations research; Inventory cost; Software; Business; Economics; Operations management; Accounting; Marketing; Engineering; Finance; Supply chain","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01241223762838828,"gpt":0.226238053179504,"spread":0.2138258155511157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001777005,0.00006823539,0.0001519181,0.0002303159,0.00007713764,0.00008131975,0.0002364624,0.00002537319,0.000007105872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004753568,0.00006777424,0.00001890872,0.0002794664,0.00005200018,0.000293667,0.0001231956,0.00005396762,8.112778e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004992768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003672808,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005341584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005879655,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993823,0.000003564111,0.000343231,0.0001257147,0.00004800576,0.0000972015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993091,0.00003294058,0.0003272975,0.0001331431,0.0001670437,0.00003048595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001180959,0.00005592394,0.0003631187,0.00001934157,0.00002201564,4.019751e-7,0.001045689,0.930469,0.000008661217,0.04759717,0.00001147234,0.02039544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006346914,0.0000168817,0.005878041,0.00004629626,0.00001547992,0.000009426204,0.0009875222,0.9874244,0.0000165597,0.004175315,0.0006740711,0.0001212557],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.103706,0.00006073888,0.8943789,0.0001287621,0.00009875991,0.000130188,7.273179e-7,0.000006203365,0.001489763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9547701,0.00004698226,0.04496872,0.00003523657,0.0001658821,0.000003634693,5.270617e-7,0.000005296858,0.000003595902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8510641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2763753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294351386","doi":"10.36834/cmej.73818","title":"Five ways to get a grip on organizational logistics, backends, and workflows","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Workflow; Humanities; Political science; Knowledge management; Computer science; Business; Business administration; Process management; Sociology; Management; Philosophy; Economics; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01381218125540219,"gpt":0.2447565407630854,"spread":0.2309443595076832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005238451,0.00009165464,0.0000956907,0.0002955427,0.0007161253,0.0002138483,0.000668404,0.00004180763,0.006251336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002669779,0.00009057805,0.00002129947,0.0004719902,0.00003069871,0.00008785744,0.0001373281,0.0005089731,0.00004439499],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003952906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01358295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001695891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001753293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985874,0.00006369823,0.0002115308,0.0002323037,0.0005993994,0.0003057272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954427,0.0000771281,0.00005722975,0.0001762269,0.0001483581,0.004098299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003816183,0.00009027343,0.001634534,0.000004034177,0.00001688855,0.000110184,0.003363289,0.001622375,0.000001643665,0.1457025,0.6987244,0.148726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005223733,0.0002885602,0.01425645,0.0001025671,0.000009964742,0.002459521,0.001157049,0.03374227,0.000003978994,0.02058215,0.9264112,0.0004639016],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06175727,0.0010303,0.4456909,0.4483337,0.02646807,0.0005353867,0.00004790372,0.0001632192,0.01597329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8243427,0.00002174095,0.03002375,0.1428172,0.002155387,0.00001734376,0.00002279751,0.0000237965,0.0005753459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7625854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104249103","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2011.6030616","title":"Augmenting spreadsheets with constraint satisfaction","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Constraint programming; Computer science; Constraint satisfaction problem; Constraint satisfaction; USable; Constraint (computer-aided design); Popularity; Usability; Constraint logic programming; Programming language; Interface (matter); Software engineering; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web; Mathematical optimization; Operating system; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03244962478792261,"gpt":0.2093826084771256,"spread":0.176932983689203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598085,0.0001230584,0.0001061927,0.00006766235,0.000124266,0.0001106041,0.0003110446,0.00003259454,0.0002124752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007109752,0.00009131378,0.00003049251,0.0001847618,0.0000390825,0.0004702269,0.0001467078,0.00008920863,0.00007572361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002342355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003534927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005715355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000798092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999033,0.00002167945,0.0001593443,0.0003207271,0.0001772033,0.0002880571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994023,0.00002942625,0.0000675197,0.0003655636,0.00004807219,0.0000870802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001479128,0.00009206758,0.17159,0.00001932455,0.00008307191,0.00009147132,0.004642089,0.0001046946,0.001296002,0.3149714,0.0007217552,0.5063734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001496863,0.0005435513,0.8712496,0.0001588779,0.00003145239,0.0005242873,0.0006755712,0.08700889,0.02989308,0.005675298,0.0016133,0.001129207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1820564,0.00001077633,0.6861868,0.0000704406,0.0002562744,0.00008670518,1.881469e-7,0.0004150367,0.1309174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8036656,0.000001037186,0.1960384,0.0001507324,0.00003156262,0.000003460473,2.745963e-7,0.000006471977,0.0001024474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6996596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3723668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107781598","doi":"10.1109/wimob.2005.1512963","title":"A mobile, visual scripting environment for monitoring and controlling wireless devices","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Scripting language; Computer science; Bluetooth; Mobile device; Wireless; Dataflow; Visual language; Visual programming language; Event (particle physics); Embedded system; Human–computer interaction; Programming language; Multimedia; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01277775125878653,"gpt":0.2436379903711383,"spread":0.2308602391123518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002270202,0.0001288612,0.0001548956,0.00005028891,0.0002299631,0.0002919977,0.0002303636,0.00003574917,0.000001773252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003797691,0.0001131516,0.00004108062,0.00006120189,0.0000180456,0.0002998394,0.0001754871,0.00005300943,0.00000320709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002670424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008672949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001701202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003826562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989616,0.00001471513,0.0002183167,0.0003508507,0.0001427626,0.0003117512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995845,0.0001259989,0.0000699014,0.000147755,0.0000189132,0.00005291322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002794325,0.0002533868,0.1469505,0.0001466613,0.00007824304,0.00001898811,0.001576158,0.02206884,0.03868752,0.02807978,0.0001586653,0.7619533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009631647,0.0001610986,0.01207159,0.00006065308,0.00001185815,0.00000937352,0.0002153988,0.9698681,0.01094105,0.00047283,0.004902515,0.0003223609],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4641902,0.0004556116,0.5345789,0.00002804007,0.0001860691,0.0001608502,2.498556e-7,0.000102259,0.0002977886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8962081,0.00001083239,0.1032762,0.00003675657,0.0003139613,0.00003995317,5.333273e-7,0.000009532937,0.0001041221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9477993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4614188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1952177100","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.3968","title":"TRACEABILITY IN MEDICAL DEVICES DESIGN &amp; MANUFACTURING","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Traceability; Reuse; Computer science; Requirements traceability; Systems engineering; Process (computing); Software engineering; Process management; Knowledge management; Engineering; Requirements analysis; Software; Requirement","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0222050071221256,"gpt":0.217252126811139,"spread":0.1950471196890134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001155826,0.0001146066,0.0001335693,0.00024192,0.00009584743,0.0000912528,0.0008485421,0.0001304324,0.00003523459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008657518,0.0001078961,0.00005173214,0.0003957758,0.00001040969,0.0003829877,0.00006642887,0.0002311343,0.000007623337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001122712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006378843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01414629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0147927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987922,0.00001274709,0.0002862645,0.0002262273,0.0003719787,0.0003106009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991948,0.00007883582,0.0002028888,0.0001413074,0.000172956,0.0002091987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005641708,0.0003664689,0.8912503,0.0004412275,0.0001227543,9.859594e-7,0.02636271,0.002646222,0.0003709604,0.03375275,0.01364514,0.03103491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001429485,0.000008265522,0.9664476,0.0001701296,0.000009162074,0.000005873616,0.0001029485,0.02439822,0.002903604,0.001074839,0.004498305,0.0002381402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790184,0.0001091676,0.005237889,0.005521779,0.002407592,0.0004939644,0.000002047693,0.0002659044,0.006943275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778354,0.000002544157,0.02168991,0.0002197945,0.00007069746,0.00001875255,5.164375e-7,0.00001103032,0.0001514193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07519733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1590843602","doi":"10.1002/9780470400531.eorms0593","title":"Operation Research in Golf","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Data science; Operations research; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05838972623108074,"gpt":0.378010951786071,"spread":0.3196212255549902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005945422,0.0001930105,0.0002403418,0.003949491,0.0006475242,0.0007758546,0.002616324,0.0001452797,0.0001396895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000158544,0.0001741143,0.00002390381,0.003758485,0.001314232,0.0007837602,0.002430609,0.0008740522,0.00008219088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009097777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003896601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002216163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003293465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953971,0.0002072751,0.000371225,0.001104606,0.00200703,0.0009127722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980928,0.0001177294,0.0000373813,0.001205468,0.0003232375,0.0002233289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008025262,0.0005316571,0.0007794499,0.0004182031,0.00002709775,0.00009687486,0.001652918,0.0005664585,0.0008257886,0.6187741,0.1718021,0.2045174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006619986,0.0003334946,0.002332638,0.001050899,0.000004242147,0.000008874895,0.0003830363,0.07423396,0.0001945456,0.00242878,0.9178164,0.0005511363],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008818666,0.0006679595,0.008375631,0.0008762418,0.0005609974,0.001343221,0.000005497126,0.00008917979,0.9871994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04016917,0.05040784,0.236431,0.0001128006,0.0007762281,0.0007214679,0.00003166226,0.0002410298,0.6711088],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7460144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7481583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124857936","doi":"","title":"Spreadsheet Model Helps to Assign Medical Residents at the University of Vermont's College of Medicine","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Scheduling (production processes); Computer science; Software; Operations research; Medical education; Engineering management; Operations management; Medicine; Engineering; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01226388150414619,"gpt":0.243072209032903,"spread":0.2308083275287568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004944509,0.0001352667,0.0002711541,0.0001585969,0.0002773787,0.000007063907,0.001699291,0.00008709363,0.00004631528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001542695,0.00009758908,0.00009437746,0.0004896718,0.000158223,0.0001626595,0.000473232,0.0007454116,0.00000858403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005925957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001367825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004250498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002851602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970136,0.0001042103,0.0003914706,0.0002379424,0.001001061,0.001251697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998742,0.0002197803,0.000242437,0.0004101792,0.0001636011,0.0002220365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001013277,0.0004115616,0.01118455,0.00005557048,0.0007165195,0.0003565525,0.009240252,0.01545151,0.008927532,0.8004968,0.03689232,0.1152536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01641461,0.006170189,0.08379212,0.001775049,0.0003263867,0.005518334,0.01269433,0.4405968,0.01132123,0.4108355,0.008680535,0.001874894],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2237667,0.0008428953,0.7678761,0.005156229,0.0002428618,0.0001141008,0.000002935613,0.00002589987,0.001972202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967942,0.0003782578,0.00149693,0.0001973894,0.0001291862,1.024289e-7,5.130793e-7,0.000009234948,0.0009941345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7730275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3979567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410841850","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwaf028","title":"Block-based or graph-based? Why not both? Designing a hybrid programming environment for end-users","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interacting with Computers","topic":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Functional reactive programming; Inductive programming; Reactive programming; Procedural programming; Programming paradigm; Event-driven programming; Programming domain; Block (permutation group theory); Programming language; Modalities; Usability; Pair programming; Human–computer interaction; Software; Software development","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02022321679516023,"gpt":0.2544992675886012,"spread":0.234276050793441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005930166,0.0004982618,0.0004546779,0.0005181839,0.0005352786,0.0008504413,0.001352534,0.00006659874,0.000007979742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000156968,0.0004152913,0.0002320334,0.0005226996,0.00009754368,0.0004695588,0.0003207868,0.0003645519,0.000005896191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002400645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002759505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001328189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001993676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968233,0.0001245205,0.0005939185,0.001118572,0.0004419273,0.0008977853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948137,0.003703773,0.0003733101,0.0008370172,0.00009315517,0.0001790589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001010502,0.000651126,0.003553689,0.0004709002,0.000515748,0.0003749155,0.001629985,0.4376518,0.001562239,0.0008504601,0.008016123,0.5437125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002465628,0.0008023909,0.0001861139,0.002331855,0.00006844648,0.00005310278,0.0001289181,0.9254734,0.02208683,0.00004406549,0.04561251,0.0007467422],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02000665,0.00003341058,0.9741637,0.002147628,0.002155478,0.0008009881,0.000003334907,0.0006157905,0.00007305254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5186583,5.610581e-7,0.4783959,0.002699475,0.00007596514,0.0001004466,0.000005870066,0.00003130204,0.00003218799],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5429657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}