{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":595,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":5,"predictions_cover":595,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"13a5289da977","filters":{"topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies"}},"results":[{"id":"W1536570457","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511791277","title":"Bayesian logical data analysis for the physical sciences a comparative approach with Mathematica support","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":614,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Frequentist inference; Mathematics; Bayesian statistics; Statistical inference; Bayesian probability; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Bayesian inference; Principle of maximum entropy; Bayes factor; Fiducial inference; Statistics; Applied mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6511593301755464,"gpt":0.519684449392007,"spread":0.1314748807835394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001679445,0.0003655594,0.001062803,0.0001681805,0.0003056228,0.0001567308,0.001441446,0.0001288112,0.0006669004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008212671,0.0001705022,0.0001922081,0.0003330074,0.0009718144,0.00007175883,0.0002253153,0.000263428,0.00002516431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005574289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006921306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002227577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003260731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978545,0.0001422791,0.000405702,0.0007347838,0.0005463892,0.0003162905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9842767,0.01382671,0.0003862718,0.001279737,0.0001490185,0.000081611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001852006,0.0002507328,0.000003046711,0.0001070714,0.001120396,4.455627e-7,0.00139913,0.00004797594,1.416647e-7,0.6747513,0.3219177,0.000383506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003773457,0.000335245,0.0000261941,0.00003840743,0.008680697,0.00002383616,0.005209259,0.1488845,0.00001016858,0.7482654,0.08745619,0.0006927731],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001517136,0.00002092882,0.6528052,0.0002779983,0.00003681466,0.0007187292,0.0004578625,0.00005820566,0.3456227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000237908,0.00000771642,0.6358289,0.0001151729,0.0002446892,0.0001307238,0.0004908072,0.00001768157,0.3629265],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2344615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7302092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999786027","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0704450105","title":"Intuitive statistics by 8-month-old infants","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":354,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Heuristics; Sample (material); Population; Inductive reasoning; Statistics; Computer science; Mechanism (biology); Sample size determination; Statistical inference; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2138173605162534,"gpt":0.4276689922496019,"spread":0.2138516317333485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001245368,0.00008104007,0.0001607426,0.00009686556,0.0001933907,0.000009852854,0.0005090173,0.00005859522,0.0000412747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0106921,0.00005479751,0.00003348777,0.0004048265,0.001136502,0.0001564812,0.0000869954,0.000127124,0.000001940133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002787642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005228665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005497982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.829056e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984908,0.00001337179,0.0003285239,0.000157735,0.0008829033,0.000126743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976347,0.00141469,0.0004814787,0.00000751578,0.0004301716,0.00003143403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001034969,0.00007564044,0.004997669,0.00005817767,0.00001516775,5.577109e-9,0.001064743,0.000001891455,0.01931799,0.7962093,0.1778826,0.0003665489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001367104,0.00003813679,0.02872019,0.00004186999,0.00001187616,0.00001006466,0.0004867077,0.0001451569,0.1204475,0.8491228,0.0007549924,0.00008405485],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9683908,0.0001535012,0.0006653079,0.002642054,0.0001603355,0.000431523,0.0008042201,0.00004554008,0.02670673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8301427,0.00008180553,0.1675862,0.0002867068,0.00004065178,0.00001018174,3.731462e-7,0.000004722057,0.001846658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1771276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2559519262","doi":"10.15353/joci.v12i3.3275","title":"Creating an Understanding of Data Literacy for a Data-driven Society","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Community Informatics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Literacy; Information literacy; Critical literacy; Foundation (evidence); Computer science; Data science; Sociology; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Political science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.689287066960147,"gpt":0.5287390662463747,"spread":0.1605480007137723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009339852,0.00008816059,0.0002669693,0.0000500576,0.0003196748,0.0000495113,0.002415479,0.00004149936,0.00001778749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008017112,0.00004571936,0.00004660494,0.00008068458,0.0001627048,0.001458835,0.0006133233,0.0002804103,6.487253e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006196035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001685738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001003883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008500281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981543,0.000587448,0.0008957701,0.00001252472,0.0002234729,0.0001264576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9757535,0.02070811,0.001419511,0.001684842,0.0003848306,0.00004923908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002428131,0.0004723278,0.0002312177,0.001285074,0.0005907377,9.564665e-8,0.7465087,0.00003753665,0.0005341679,0.08481268,0.1108071,0.05447755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001391717,0.0003954912,0.00009529513,0.0005934903,0.0004442684,0.00008489177,0.5325388,0.01712813,0.0003072899,0.4420946,0.004760369,0.0001657356],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.08304451,0.00001709822,0.9154582,0.0003750149,0.000141186,0.00012385,0.0004844145,0.00001076615,0.0003449436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2571183,0.000189098,0.7423636,0.0001526926,0.00006458718,5.857344e-7,0.0000577037,0.00001086884,0.00004255729],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3572819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.959781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911347881","doi":"10.5539/hes.v9n1p100","title":"Analysis of Educational Quality, a Goal of Education for All Policy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Declaration; Government (linguistics); Quality (philosophy); Economic growth; Investment (military); Public relations; Productivity; Education policy; Higher education; Developing country; Political science; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3943200542939895,"gpt":0.5994012929824742,"spread":0.2050812386884848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006138167,0.0001320765,0.0006478135,0.0007451047,0.00002769216,0.000005159869,0.0001611198,0.00005741415,0.0003971559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002000263,0.0001212251,0.0002018827,0.000875835,0.0001302027,0.00005574856,0.00003924182,0.00003956703,0.000005576134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009810396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001495334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001545098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000147552,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998497,0.0001543692,0.0007891188,0.0002083598,0.0002255351,0.0001255892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918913,0.004915427,0.000928092,0.0003958465,0.001831072,0.00003822067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003030199,0.001018473,0.03628558,0.0009464499,0.001461314,8.569686e-10,0.002962008,0.000006389257,0.0009101593,0.9331067,0.02230842,0.0009642442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003568197,0.000107489,0.4113804,0.0001243921,0.001838776,3.838541e-7,0.01637082,0.000005794611,0.002459757,0.5508996,0.01621018,0.0002455868],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776458,0.002584267,0.0008248172,0.00495841,0.005020082,0.0008038859,0.0002741059,0.00001919048,0.007869473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8759272,0.0001467821,0.09449916,0.0002312751,0.0002256003,0.0002571438,0.0001413442,0.00001732598,0.02855424],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.382207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4943415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086691890","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-0162-0","title":"An Intermediate Course in Probability","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Springer texts in statistics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Probability theory; Computer science; Mathematics education; Calculus (dental); Psychology; Mathematics; Statistics; Medicine; Physics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1382702788913982,"gpt":0.4358704275069798,"spread":0.2976001486155816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017033,0.0004633044,0.000842047,0.0003386134,0.00003476768,0.00006580287,0.0005128717,0.0004322837,0.0003830282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004546994,0.000485082,0.00005243119,0.0001309823,0.0002621223,0.00006605708,0.00008124769,0.0009932596,0.00006948139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006598902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001052991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001826457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009485335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997007,0.0003969108,0.001045328,0.0006484076,0.0003966498,0.0005057605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995313,0.003012217,0.0004387812,0.0009174293,0.0001718959,0.0001466648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005407336,0.0009799581,0.001477227,0.0008586005,0.00002911484,0.0001916841,0.002284244,0.00002710482,0.00000325788,0.7271382,0.1681658,0.09879065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004098254,0.0001129906,0.01752295,0.000346392,0.00005207531,0.0000041209,0.00006673738,0.0001946858,0.000007193052,0.9665059,0.01429041,0.0004866611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.006082778,0.00145794,0.4934243,0.0003362076,0.01002785,0.007197448,0.007803656,0.00104301,0.4726268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009386744,0.0001992414,0.843108,0.0001710685,0.0002922425,0.00007854561,0.0003355294,0.0001150199,0.1547617],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3496837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117181332","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1505329112","title":"Teaching critical thinking","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":246,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Statistical thinking; Computer science; Data science; Simple (philosophy); Psychology; Management science; Mathematics education; Epistemology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4292604778442488,"gpt":0.5090557289909362,"spread":0.0797952511466874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005013222,0.00005006182,0.000103379,0.00008413248,0.0001631524,0.00002137194,0.0005364192,0.00004299188,0.00000837582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0366528,0.00003146051,0.00003292791,0.0002044598,0.0004814212,0.000184853,0.0001079342,0.0001524364,0.000001083363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003078446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005663845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004396713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.671092e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986176,0.00001809088,0.0002236072,0.0001112455,0.0009353163,0.00009417657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997851,0.001582089,0.0002035252,0.000004711957,0.0003251825,0.0000334571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002420865,0.00002547693,0.0007622959,0.00004159808,0.000003033175,8.77004e-10,0.0012147,0.000001731305,0.00451657,0.9829335,0.01030181,0.0001968408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004994306,0.00001474459,0.001060802,0.00004297707,0.000008672371,0.000005411036,0.001731075,0.0001957327,0.02154414,0.9749275,0.0003816148,0.00003742897],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7275016,0.0002060822,0.000834229,0.06019665,0.0004576869,0.0003768308,0.00003638689,0.0001083196,0.2102823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7489159,0.000001357956,0.2503155,0.000252402,0.00007037428,0.000002983517,1.6207e-8,0.000002235035,0.0004392232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2494813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9714619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1884696523","doi":"10.1007/0-387-28505-9","title":"Applied Probability and Statistics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":207,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Probability and statistics; Calculus (dental); Differential (mechanical device); Mathematical statistics; Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics education; Physics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2587066390726913,"gpt":0.4161609962200948,"spread":0.1574543571474035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004635699,0.0002128323,0.0003673808,0.00005465232,0.0000441913,0.00003270471,0.00009881263,0.0002118581,0.001485423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001468311,0.0001812457,0.00002227328,0.00001723871,0.0001561388,0.000009954833,0.00006521919,0.0002225224,0.00008059821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001039809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003548836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001123724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002135022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990412,0.00004456913,0.0003159456,0.0002827922,0.0001638853,0.0001516177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996234,0.003105204,0.0001629904,0.0003301127,0.00009153874,0.00007617398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002603295,0.0000148498,8.204132e-7,0.0001776986,0.00001260816,2.817867e-7,0.00008019833,3.570065e-8,5.349936e-7,0.5513573,0.4313355,0.01701748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007515342,0.000008909709,0.00001513909,0.00001058092,0.00005076534,0.000002485731,0.00002144974,0.000005730328,0.000007898344,0.6925733,0.3070866,0.0001419438],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001631794,0.00005094157,0.2558845,0.00006680355,0.0002249291,0.0003809764,0.0003437245,0.000112841,0.7429336],"genre_scores_gemma":[7.839911e-7,0.00004527428,0.504948,0.00008464912,0.0001065521,0.00001804193,0.0000572422,0.00001900769,0.4947205],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2490634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994757268","doi":"10.1037/0003-066x.63.1.32","title":"Doctoral training in statistics, measurement, and methodology in psychology: Replication and extension of Aiken, West, Sechrest, and Reno's (1990) survey of PhD programs in North America.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Psychologist","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Arizona State University","keywords":"Curriculum; Psychology; Medical education; Survey research; Statistics; Applied psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7711326773399843,"gpt":0.525191301299051,"spread":0.2459413760409332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003609704,0.0002012567,0.0008158189,0.0003876121,0.00002822091,0.000006294656,0.0001357565,0.00008746293,0.000006169096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009248638,0.0001942476,0.00001598673,0.0008304016,0.002112121,0.00004614797,0.00005001253,0.0002610627,3.960235e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000344581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005764262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01486292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996216,0.001796677,0.0008527398,0.000662511,0.0001770889,0.0002949666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962795,0.002263127,0.0006827893,0.0005228826,0.0001794235,0.00007226606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002621014,0.0002796086,0.7924986,0.00005984442,0.00001399572,0.00001193109,0.004892218,0.000001636428,0.0006116237,0.0005214528,0.000428157,0.2004188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009026041,0.0005244947,0.988123,0.00004461313,0.00001148911,0.00004377659,0.001888427,0.0000520127,0.00002543347,0.008126007,0.0000895307,0.0001686406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704462,0.0004492491,0.02815101,0.0002005068,0.0001088826,0.0004326646,0.0000884913,0.00002190478,0.0001011349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.685966,0.001464135,0.3123668,0.0001031346,0.000006335456,0.00003805029,0.00003428643,0.00001486724,0.000006357157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2844801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102599529","doi":"10.1037/a0034177","title":"Why the resistance to statistical innovations? Bridging the communication gap.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Methods","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Bridge (graph theory); Resistance (ecology); Unavailability; Publication; Computer science; Mandate; Statistical analysis; Statistical hypothesis testing; Statistical software; Publish or perish; Management science; Psychology; Data science; Statistics; Publishing; Engineering; Political science; Mathematics; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4677719361516182,"gpt":0.5816223954573272,"spread":0.113850459305709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005244838,0.00015684,0.0002214195,0.00005900337,0.0004419989,0.0001641296,0.0007980216,0.00008460719,0.001360886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0328031,0.00007894364,0.00004462076,0.0006826856,0.0003351222,0.00005478569,0.0001480469,0.0004300066,0.0001575098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003529216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001378342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002908023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009518135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950641,0.003660191,0.0004750128,0.0002890905,0.0002208114,0.0002907717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9757126,0.02262149,0.0001651776,0.001129287,0.0002909141,0.00008054046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009217007,0.00005689032,0.000035553,0.00000583825,0.00000939997,1.727645e-7,0.0004436236,7.306361e-7,0.0002228737,0.4476869,0.4728162,0.07871268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000940835,0.00002870231,0.01406978,0.0000137772,0.00001676018,0.000005991284,0.0006893922,0.00007228321,0.0001512314,0.8286688,0.1560697,0.0001194971],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002212862,0.0001442616,0.9115154,0.07277609,0.0004752893,0.0006820657,0.00001499233,0.0001159288,0.01206309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01006934,0.00003623014,0.9688797,0.01846568,0.00009978053,0.0005478934,0.000006936929,0.00001678259,0.001877648],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.380982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255940193","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-15347-6_376","title":"Mathematical Discovery","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3600940946524722,"gpt":0.4265184408350783,"spread":0.06642434618260606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001719715,0.000237705,0.0004466566,0.00004960927,0.00002890735,0.00005725403,0.0001730718,0.0001984343,0.007903329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001973324,0.0001854717,0.000135722,0.00001043194,0.0000817232,0.00003323707,0.00009040138,0.0002580815,0.00186226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003265878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009471685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.8406e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.47721e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990496,0.0000199844,0.0003408281,0.0002494105,0.000222786,0.0001173798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970883,0.002297892,0.0001460865,0.0003338638,0.00004679024,0.00008711921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002979533,0.000008493295,1.048135e-7,0.0001455008,0.00003556604,0.000006148035,0.00006010789,9.320981e-9,0.000002247927,0.7574029,0.2416988,0.0006371867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000479864,0.00001620452,3.693029e-7,0.00005377598,0.0000746709,0.00000791405,0.00003978892,0.000005672972,0.00003456902,0.7984322,0.2011117,0.0001752406],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[3.608628e-7,0.00003071106,0.2150427,0.0006794499,0.0003645204,0.0001518429,0.00007120688,0.0001528409,0.7835063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000106776,0.00003194013,0.283362,0.0003510697,0.0001803137,0.000006198705,0.00002065249,0.00004916547,0.715988],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06831928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068768077","doi":"10.1007/s10649-005-5536-8","title":"Diagrammatic Reasoning as the Basis for Developing Concepts: A Semiotic Analysis of Students' Learning about Statistical Distribution","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Studies in Mathematics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Diagrammatic reasoning; Reification (Marxism); Computer science; Terminology; Mathematics education; Epistemology; Analogical reasoning; Process (computing); Cognitive science; Mathematics; Psychology; Linguistics; Analogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1852820753545428,"gpt":0.5283728348955683,"spread":0.3430907595410255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002618343,0.0002132926,0.000669293,0.0001703951,0.0002915355,0.00004446742,0.0003323704,0.00006293351,0.0001115049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06599525,0.0001605067,0.0001298635,0.0007935801,0.0003172614,0.00005601827,0.000107787,0.0001835768,0.000009703328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004893075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002437106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001257169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006612789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976997,0.0002807093,0.0009849567,0.0002497074,0.0004869721,0.0002979196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9650331,0.0337173,0.0005489289,0.0002599265,0.0003981781,0.00004263916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001101355,0.0003427356,0.005757074,0.0005383014,0.001191938,2.369924e-7,0.02998113,0.0004438976,0.000005137994,0.9567835,0.003807123,0.001137853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004515981,0.00005920296,0.03398539,0.0004872582,0.002031229,0.000007563622,0.05527646,0.00673402,0.0001728387,0.8984711,0.001942658,0.000380625],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2123891,0.001408804,0.7795349,0.004240652,0.0006655018,0.001177512,0.0001991274,0.00005924194,0.0003251636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4260718,0.0004458332,0.5715555,0.0001136187,0.0001659737,0.000551727,0.00017111,0.00002681494,0.0008976142],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2136828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9418722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212954869","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-31625-3","title":"Research on Teaching and Learning Probability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4832991748921277,"gpt":0.510539422890603,"spread":0.02724024799847524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02056925,0.0007675958,0.001247098,0.01137738,0.002217818,0.004270774,0.004360908,0.001000948,0.006193744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01866723,0.0005878151,0.0001892643,0.003357311,0.002029316,0.004878371,0.00878687,0.01106563,0.00169987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001963321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005021522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004165631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003143643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9742866,0.01793702,0.00109763,0.002190175,0.00256831,0.001920279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9350449,0.06122737,0.0003641123,0.00220212,0.0002790263,0.0008824015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002207126,0.0001340519,0.0001235539,0.0005269864,0.00005786073,0.00004888051,0.0002198675,1.126781e-7,0.000007005767,0.4345526,0.5522944,0.0118139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003482362,0.0004522632,0.0001871291,0.0008033718,0.0000102368,0.00000852856,0.0001991476,0.000002281397,0.0001581761,0.4816027,0.5158535,0.0003744049],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007302044,0.0009088301,0.0001128801,0.01079965,0.0005012262,0.003628272,0.000770986,0.0006881516,0.9818598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001328768,0.002300072,0.07659921,0.0003890248,0.001061835,0.0005975544,0.001102872,0.0004553387,0.9173612],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07648633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W335515389","doi":"10.52041/serj.v11i2.333","title":"SURVEYS ASSESSING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD STATISTICS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Statistics Education Research Journal","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Psychology; Reliability (semiconductor); Scale (ratio); Validity; Summary statistics; Psychometrics; Mathematics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6773953610547153,"gpt":0.6535770619658843,"spread":0.02381829908883104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.06698877,0.0006276332,0.00388702,0.0008498845,0.0004932798,0.0006281264,0.001147846,0.0003105289,0.000661237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1311747,0.0004874766,0.0002518235,0.000766367,0.0006743881,0.0002429728,0.0003937395,0.002201702,0.00005228441],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008353828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007257878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003822267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005375358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9637613,0.02832809,0.003613643,0.000597998,0.002827351,0.0008716303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9482182,0.04171034,0.003093292,0.001053062,0.005254565,0.0006704883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000173189,0.0006901655,0.0001626995,0.8788854,0.0001850512,0.000004593324,0.0003086711,1.129409e-8,4.685192e-8,0.01329191,0.034631,0.0718387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001855084,0.0001617764,0.000485374,0.8371165,0.005421586,0.0004904949,0.0009691344,0.00000173526,5.319393e-7,0.1092994,0.04514087,0.0007270188],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002559698,0.8069239,0.1865599,0.00003624297,0.001754862,0.002498981,0.002091451,0.00002339118,0.0001087837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000005124509,0.6964607,0.3018178,0.00002069576,0.0002790068,0.0002926557,0.000279813,0.00007594374,0.0007682906],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1152579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230822413","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_376","title":"Mathematical Discovery","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3009704059215869,"gpt":0.4179786338133174,"spread":0.1170082278917305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002247117,0.0002520083,0.0004231841,0.00007732032,0.00003267381,0.00008380428,0.0001734549,0.0002523755,0.04410458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001254099,0.0001850196,0.0001239974,0.000007672394,0.00009997307,0.00005597561,0.00007712137,0.0002247598,0.006278559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003977344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007342018,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001254197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001076312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990176,0.00002013531,0.0003612705,0.0002251981,0.0002185233,0.0001572863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965686,0.002650708,0.0001639366,0.0004653494,0.00008097119,0.00007048922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[8.043708e-7,0.00001055157,8.942458e-8,0.00009099906,0.00002696039,0.00000135349,0.00003458256,6.669676e-9,0.000001577225,0.6614221,0.3371341,0.001276847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004395161,0.00001132372,9.396235e-7,0.00006687381,0.00005689478,0.000009653918,0.00003518999,0.000004559909,0.0000259586,0.8127537,0.1868021,0.0001887967],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002424751,0.00003740366,0.1457205,0.0001921572,0.0004898887,0.0002373401,0.000039172,0.0001323389,0.8531488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000005715878,0.00004205897,0.3111676,0.0001294611,0.0001288375,0.00001596137,0.00001463012,0.00004674025,0.688449],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1654471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2530293644","doi":"10.2196/publichealth.5810","title":"IBM Watson Analytics: Automating Visualization, Descriptive, and Predictive Statistics","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Analytics; IBM; Data science; Computer science; Predictive analytics; Watson; Visual analytics; Software analytics; Data visualization; Descriptive statistics; Business analytics; Exploratory data analysis; Visualization; Software; Data mining; Statistics; Software development; Artificial intelligence; Software development process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1673281824402659,"gpt":0.4277183124770265,"spread":0.2603901300367606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001756441,0.000157097,0.0003291546,0.0001226994,0.0002219092,0.00008751483,0.00007715652,0.00006938807,0.00005254736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009939719,0.0001112248,0.00001429446,0.0001854901,0.000163461,0.000130318,0.00005072938,0.00007542044,0.0000042209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001014385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004292605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001239895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003934537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980729,0.0005566894,0.0004487339,0.000303647,0.0002037711,0.0004142171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958709,0.002933445,0.0002789635,0.0001928778,0.0003060155,0.0004178072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004612837,0.000162892,0.2722837,0.0009169982,0.0000711519,0.000002884538,0.009896825,2.944388e-7,0.00003739948,0.4203351,0.1328627,0.1633839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003421007,0.001123685,0.5075765,0.0002473474,0.000009112366,0.00007570349,0.01161328,0.0121594,0.00002671065,0.2848854,0.1776897,0.001172128],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02590703,0.0003172296,0.9675986,0.004137542,0.0003302066,0.0004628814,0.000584288,0.0001894518,0.0004727966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5723278,0.002350482,0.4192481,0.001846693,0.0002782323,0.0002119793,0.0001501099,0.00007962932,0.003506998],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5483505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2559671103","doi":"10.1080/10691898.2016.1246953","title":"Play It Again: Teaching Statistics With Monte Carlo Simulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Statistics Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Monte Carlo method; Coding (social sciences); Code (set theory); Software; Statistical learning; Statistical analysis; Computational statistics; Statistical software; Source code; Theoretical computer science; Software engineering; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1239247018448402,"gpt":0.4378505355674088,"spread":0.3139258337225686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00137827,0.0002312659,0.000386736,0.000292129,0.0001622261,0.00007616854,0.0002224168,0.00008752458,0.0001999643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01227042,0.0001499249,0.00004458667,0.0001197194,0.0001120195,0.0002525106,0.00002137657,0.0002895568,0.00001885963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003007148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001124915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001844939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003007992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976586,0.0003737625,0.0009205641,0.0001931039,0.0005876167,0.000266401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889317,0.007785908,0.001368922,0.0002869908,0.001432264,0.0001942356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000246633,0.0006501914,0.002202231,0.0001842225,0.000179843,0.0000203018,0.004921715,0.0009042689,0.0004621614,0.2430228,0.608223,0.1389827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003834783,0.001890542,0.01505238,0.001757778,0.001085539,0.0004493516,0.009602323,0.003307133,0.0009420453,0.8199646,0.1407459,0.001367571],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01561023,0.00005180837,0.9800773,0.00105546,0.001897981,0.0002178196,0.0005175846,0.00002599891,0.0005458278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2673882,0.00007367593,0.7283738,0.000199487,0.000438592,0.00000873817,0.00001054694,0.00004179217,0.003465207],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5769418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1524382161","doi":"10.4000/msh.2975","title":"Anders Hald, \"A History of Mathematical Statistics from 1750 to 1930\", New-York-Chicheste-Weinhei-Brisban-Singapor-Toronto, John Willey &amp; Sons, Inc., 1998","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathématiques et sciences humaines","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2248599625444576,"gpt":0.4132410723629276,"spread":0.18838110981847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002598722,0.0004496395,0.0008103041,0.0002319166,0.0002324058,0.0001560303,0.0008141252,0.0001837572,0.00111508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00521271,0.0003874781,0.0001090969,0.0002238413,0.0006739764,0.0003875416,0.0002025296,0.0002343529,0.000175133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005630769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009348087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001316649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004768752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963826,0.0003908297,0.001148967,0.0006268771,0.0008834261,0.0005672828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939998,0.004133446,0.0006365289,0.0006877211,0.0002025952,0.0003399027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003108139,0.0002732766,0.0004946876,0.0002268117,0.0000547308,0.000002438558,0.0450115,0.00005337733,0.000643275,0.3375019,0.6102469,0.005460023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005991198,0.0002389779,0.001149302,0.0004271264,0.0001548323,0.00003014946,0.007680752,0.001573019,0.0007595689,0.7517249,0.2347083,0.0009539096],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1128934,0.002790429,0.8352809,0.004751893,0.002520571,0.00119312,0.0005392315,0.0006981952,0.03933229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02654319,0.000151874,0.9615601,0.00104147,0.0003606972,0.00004238034,0.00006422614,0.00005662422,0.01017942],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.414223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211059223","doi":"","title":"","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.528382758978199,"gpt":0.5465858374764023,"spread":0.01820307849820335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002816362,0.001189648,0.002811341,0.0007683841,0.0005577156,0.003683876,0.006586848,0.0004005657,0.03367013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007358985,0.001274077,0.0005421897,0.0001734702,0.0007427345,0.002768662,0.004755556,0.0008762412,0.0002563569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004761787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002547438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003117108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006762449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9932166,0.0005706587,0.002679531,0.001643769,0.001283054,0.0006063967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.982501,0.008657721,0.003885916,0.002404627,0.002207173,0.0003436146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455704,0.0001682003,0.0002151689,0.0006899296,0.0007125302,0.00003274751,0.0003368589,0.000002384893,0.0001513961,0.8924952,0.006988835,0.09806117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007255852,0.00004334768,0.0009711912,0.0008276971,0.0004002096,0.00001802026,0.0001440053,0.000004814546,0.001790004,0.5700708,0.4240359,0.0009684822],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000571215,0.0002544029,0.009386201,0.000543586,0.003681019,0.003058757,0.00006361277,0.0002363445,0.9822049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007048009,0.0007104066,0.1020662,0.0006306635,0.000335798,0.0003602718,0.001476418,0.0003211045,0.8933943],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.417047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000886130","doi":"10.5539/jmr.v4n5p8","title":"Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Components That Explain Attitude toward Statistics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematics Research","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Statistics; Null hypothesis; Test (biology); Psychology; Statistical significance; Statistical hypothesis testing; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7628679727176383,"gpt":0.6056309913346243,"spread":0.157236981383014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007290859,0.0001681766,0.0004688057,0.0003876928,0.0001596971,0.00009735322,0.0002351647,0.0001008818,0.0001982879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007961616,0.0001322123,0.00006413475,0.0001629772,0.0003057545,0.0002121022,0.0001623478,0.0006732725,0.00003180434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001190908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001150055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008234681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000342261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969137,0.0007887587,0.0005328672,0.0001160331,0.001145966,0.0005026726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9857041,0.01250578,0.0004186508,0.0001677223,0.0008834185,0.0003203462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005876267,0.01654435,0.09027408,0.005173777,0.001181546,0.0002651062,0.1662608,0.000001470084,0.007850175,0.5302603,0.142051,0.03954973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004119835,0.001574602,0.05269206,0.001583198,0.0006315609,0.001510201,0.114772,0.000358594,0.01620357,0.8032487,0.002444503,0.0008611445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7488599,0.0004390626,0.2487024,0.0001474681,0.0006291429,0.0003993995,0.000123578,0.00001738412,0.0006816181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5965871,0.0001984667,0.4026821,0.00001241478,0.0001416884,0.0000116866,0.000004048295,0.00002828607,0.0003342448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2729883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9531373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2727042845","doi":"10.7202/1040816ar","title":"How to Engage in Pseudoscience With Real Data: A Criticism of John Hattie’s Arguments in Visible Learning From the Perspective of a Statistician","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l éducation de McGill","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Statistician; Pseudoscience; Marketing buzz; Criticism; Perspective (graphical); Fallacy; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Sociology; Computer science; Art; Visual arts; Literature; Medicine; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6676653995511369,"gpt":0.5322314590539262,"spread":0.1354339404972107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005130277,0.0001318047,0.0003245217,0.0004157521,0.0006635727,0.0001305081,0.001122708,0.00004648041,0.00002590819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03344219,0.0001019928,0.00003375691,0.0005372905,0.0006674085,0.0006816621,0.0001066673,0.0002865076,7.7647e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006350125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00107281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002125481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002692325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977778,0.0006972135,0.0005783333,0.0002969128,0.0003828321,0.0002669691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944804,0.002768713,0.001270384,0.0005336633,0.0008322971,0.0001145696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004125546,0.003354566,0.1490275,0.0006233108,0.0001152481,0.00002699849,0.1586149,0.002795401,0.008474712,0.6468309,0.005931507,0.02379245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008019725,0.0007706347,0.3690123,0.002066878,0.000114641,0.0001734264,0.2722019,0.002142341,0.004778108,0.3459018,0.001666172,0.0003697733],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9625622,0.0001403603,0.02343188,0.006833033,0.001375239,0.0004516538,0.0002626497,0.000008646812,0.004934313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7094473,0.0001206891,0.2900041,0.0001177467,0.00004385637,0.00001223005,0.000002510464,0.000008478637,0.0002431444],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.300929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9746996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148723688","doi":"10.1080/10691898.2010.11889486","title":"Normal Approximations to the Distributions of the Wilcoxon Statistics: Accurate to What <i>N</i> ? Graphical Insights","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Statistics Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test; Nonparametric statistics; Mathematics; Statistics; Sample size determination; Normality; Context (archaeology); Sample (material); Surprise; Rank (graph theory); Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05929129112085955,"gpt":0.3862996661756096,"spread":0.32700837505475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001071618,0.0001781869,0.0002943747,0.0002179545,0.0003225247,0.0001851234,0.0006174853,0.00008270439,0.0001045168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01432899,0.0001093222,0.0000828979,0.0006578592,0.0001788157,0.0002324383,0.00008776673,0.0005561404,0.00001785252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007090114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001126405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002295071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002692318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997786,0.0003022623,0.0009777388,0.0001515885,0.0005581953,0.0002242313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931748,0.003268933,0.0009127065,0.0005264904,0.001887207,0.000229875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003161197,0.0003920288,0.0002233743,0.00005947037,0.00004192388,5.373376e-7,0.004028551,0.00004380571,0.001623698,0.7085213,0.2708206,0.01421307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003784081,0.0002681345,0.03045682,0.0002392296,0.0003792091,0.0001165397,0.007789241,0.000226138,0.004690686,0.862979,0.09214029,0.0003362895],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.04231649,0.00004904275,0.9402332,0.007051981,0.008453498,0.0005904696,0.001130821,0.0000111053,0.0001633949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2129729,0.00009413464,0.7852052,0.0006935604,0.0005043406,0.0000562913,0.00005559648,0.00002547498,0.0003924552],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1786804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978606925","doi":"10.1007/s10763-006-9059-2","title":"Undergraduate Students’ Conceptions of Mathematics: An International Study","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Phenomenography; Science education; Connected Mathematics; Core-Plus Mathematics Project; Minor (academic); Focus (optics); Pedagogy; Mathematics; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1607390669906466,"gpt":0.5245038110356786,"spread":0.363764744045032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006331329,0.0001397195,0.0002648653,0.000820603,0.0001107274,0.0001715088,0.001225428,0.0000416936,0.00005896788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005717441,0.0001167761,0.00005480406,0.0003108173,0.000568287,0.0007269316,0.000127741,0.0001478867,0.000003710131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001943866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007224051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001588967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001759848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966863,0.00004924199,0.001080198,0.0001808625,0.001832974,0.0001703879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936003,0.0008903829,0.001217286,0.0002478256,0.00388159,0.000162596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007000907,0.02096886,0.04949714,0.0001521778,0.0004738844,0.00001496904,0.08703942,0.00000995907,0.01805499,0.7822413,0.002550139,0.03892713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001325334,0.0005474816,0.04899106,0.0003284533,0.0002033789,0.0004448319,0.2370726,0.0002130721,0.006648446,0.7027344,0.001164898,0.0003260619],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434856,0.00002125155,0.05012401,0.0004815658,0.004039337,0.0002757564,0.000009791774,0.00001568577,0.001547047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7530605,0.00005905293,0.2463022,0.00006237267,0.0002276517,0.00000514166,0.000002162799,0.00001102599,0.0002699842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1961782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6844724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220760233","doi":"10.1037/met0000448","title":"How to think clearly about the central limit theorem.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Methods","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Sample (material); Central limit theorem; PsycINFO; Sample size determination; Psychology; Mathematics education; Statistics; Mathematics; Political science; Law; MEDLINE","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4321866580824589,"gpt":0.5531479969564407,"spread":0.1209613388739817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005505236,0.000186371,0.0002929563,0.00006625464,0.0004647468,0.0001359296,0.000815617,0.00007688817,0.001857577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01697085,0.0001115321,0.0001420408,0.0004217044,0.0001495498,0.00003148303,0.0002963583,0.0005926999,0.00002768365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006210703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001902338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.676383e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935212,0.004961489,0.0002844536,0.0004304326,0.000321375,0.0004810485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898202,0.009113207,0.0001421381,0.000701595,0.00006039539,0.0001624082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000990792,0.0002472558,0.0001068824,0.000008935069,0.0000284278,0.000005606318,0.003796148,0.000004027201,0.0008912198,0.6799409,0.08707602,0.2277955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001835663,0.0003037048,0.01227421,0.000003328692,0.00002977229,0.00003571995,0.004654551,0.00002111469,0.0002615426,0.716269,0.2657812,0.0001822919],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0216328,0.0003132234,0.9254956,0.03109432,0.004604312,0.0007116574,0.00005706476,0.0003088416,0.01578221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02657578,0.00003533162,0.9608727,0.006539684,0.0002367036,0.0002295398,0.000003498822,0.00002662888,0.005480208],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2276132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041160995","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2015.1.5","title":"Reducing Anxiety and Increasing Self-efficacy within an Advanced Graduate Psychology Statistics Course","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Humber Polytechnic; Carleton University; Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Anxiety; Psychology; Graduate students; Self-efficacy; Medical education; Social psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2845393543272191,"gpt":0.4627159253321143,"spread":0.1781765710048952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02213302,0.000135205,0.0002059883,0.0000883395,0.002507095,0.0002720389,0.0002443637,0.00006766681,0.000003994544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03395405,0.00008782203,0.00003012844,0.00006113434,0.0001986339,0.0001565048,0.00001867848,0.002120272,4.498355e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006117632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005071398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001680274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001773781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963518,0.002735422,0.000314114,0.0001523483,0.0001612629,0.000285081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994333,0.00445217,0.0003693228,0.0002030155,0.0002228838,0.0004195531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004898854,0.0001711366,0.02045566,0.0001926059,0.0005180409,0.00001785948,0.2671451,0.003747094,0.0005758787,0.1516853,0.005519673,0.5494817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004436214,0.001213731,0.1139474,0.0006393039,0.001256818,0.004892908,0.08860729,0.01066785,0.0001207164,0.7546682,0.01861373,0.0009358223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769329,0.0006305654,0.01961956,0.001607444,0.0008145083,0.0002005471,0.00001997604,0.00002906295,0.0001454306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7258011,0.00003694902,0.2737202,0.0001394769,0.0001186964,0.00000302504,0.000003313999,0.00002265013,0.0001546818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6029829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126104479","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2016.06.036","title":"Theory-based metrological traceability in education: A reading measurement network","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Traceability; Implementation; Reading (process); Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Metrology; Value (mathematics); Software engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3763633302387225,"gpt":0.4077568386872086,"spread":0.0313935084484861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01669016,0.0001936384,0.0003131996,0.0001006802,0.00008265332,0.00002444007,0.0002098995,0.00008914086,0.0005131362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01839809,0.0001232031,0.00008453195,0.0002300095,0.00008439316,0.00004073935,0.00002560851,0.0001208867,0.00003585922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001141579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006377395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009047537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008191061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963339,0.001417475,0.0005188893,0.0003790362,0.0009612693,0.000389451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972671,0.001446378,0.0001620659,0.000489207,0.0005252669,0.0001099578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005620809,0.003092529,0.03473262,0.0002576317,0.000128852,0.000004392394,0.0007140948,0.00004965471,0.004810487,0.628426,0.07445222,0.2527695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001177047,0.0001477945,0.03822563,0.0003840299,0.00007652522,0.00000233309,0.0003584871,0.00003111712,0.004307458,0.9352357,0.01970232,0.0003515682],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03205594,0.001128806,0.9416804,0.008798051,0.004036102,0.001838747,0.00001531799,0.0005005333,0.009946072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.833872,0.000009561321,0.1648565,0.0004419485,0.0002048763,0.0003500453,0.000001060682,0.00002010906,0.0002439034],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.801816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9898704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1525379006","doi":"10.18438/b8fw2h","title":"A Statistical Primer: Understanding Descriptive and Inferential Statistics","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evidence Based Library and Information Practice","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Descriptive statistics; Statistical inference; Statistics; Computer science; Statistical analysis; Statistical hypothesis testing; Variance (accounting); Analysis of variance; Data science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1889159892326802,"gpt":0.4036950962914831,"spread":0.2147791070588029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001438101,0.0001419439,0.0001590173,0.0001883977,0.0001992517,0.0003462833,0.0000767079,0.00007876928,0.0003055544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0191068,0.0001317226,0.00001201644,0.0001794002,0.0001762321,0.03666637,0.00007124092,0.000220217,0.00001422917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003186585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000211908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005224395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.744621e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986434,0.0002836677,0.0004761638,0.0001383962,0.0002472631,0.0002111316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9768353,0.02246515,0.0003217679,0.0001395142,0.00007482413,0.0001634329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003266821,0.00002867451,0.0003866014,0.000153538,0.00001670514,0.00000425595,0.0007106803,9.272719e-7,0.00001399453,0.9798612,0.01086528,0.007631473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001904076,0.0007574406,0.02731948,0.000611792,0.0004326362,0.0001676974,0.03424908,0.004503899,0.002694849,0.5862367,0.3401629,0.000959484],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009416856,0.000116756,0.9908429,0.004575033,0.0003069516,0.0002440612,0.0001278444,0.0001033231,0.002741411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.063538,0.0006476639,0.926821,0.00869417,0.0000604743,0.000009770749,0.00008212964,0.00001267515,0.0001341176],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3936245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9891557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1482743683","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2729.2009.00330.x","title":"The application of Simulation‐Assisted Learning Statistics (SALS) for correcting misconceptions and improving understanding of correlation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Correlation; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Sample (material); Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1714071691218174,"gpt":0.4220357789993026,"spread":0.2506286098774851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001850139,0.0001154634,0.00033418,0.0001660062,0.000395126,0.00006365596,0.0001083368,0.00007319568,0.000003992908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005318609,0.00009473765,0.00008317766,0.0001842079,0.00008166034,0.0001034067,0.00002041875,0.0003579261,1.368853e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001258747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001141154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003325065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002603839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998217,0.0003780295,0.0009106385,0.0001127683,0.0002390226,0.000142576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9842526,0.01256533,0.002371736,0.0000959399,0.0006668653,0.00004747369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001648535,0.00008302235,0.003110641,0.0001987725,0.0001207671,6.886663e-7,0.003989137,0.2707602,0.00301966,0.03464077,0.0002150695,0.6836964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009028771,0.0005946379,0.02268716,0.0002272237,0.0002120822,0.00004828807,0.005237536,0.9423591,0.0001913072,0.02699528,0.0004022642,0.0001422531],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0184484,0.00009368802,0.9806845,0.00008565298,0.000409634,0.0001942217,0.000004307405,0.00002116756,0.00005845721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6363323,0.00001086,0.3634917,0.000006899329,0.00008748602,0.00000145706,0.000005374029,0.000009597293,0.00005440805],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6835542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6367256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2340568370","doi":"10.1187/cbe.15-06-0131","title":"Development of the Statistical Reasoning in Biology Concept Inventory (SRBCI)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CBE—Life Sciences Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Rasch model; Statistical thinking; Concept inventory; Construct (python library); Mathematics education; Item response theory; Test (biology); Scientific reasoning; Critical thinking; Psychology; Computer science; Psychometrics; Biology; Developmental psychology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2316813360292487,"gpt":0.4847709360024541,"spread":0.2530895999732055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001307983,0.00007547012,0.0001289588,0.00009843175,0.0001180728,0.000008457003,0.0002910684,0.00004427515,0.0001886737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01235984,0.00004200765,0.00001788315,0.0002760082,0.0006280366,0.00005788916,0.00005512616,0.0000509591,0.000009309307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001136675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002355887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002209188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003848877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988243,0.0002941739,0.0003458431,0.0001988382,0.000162959,0.0001739137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980223,0.001459242,0.0002052425,0.0001728778,0.00008510892,0.0000551999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005947494,0.0001367603,0.033503,0.00002536842,0.000004922959,3.092472e-8,0.00543181,7.239607e-7,0.002043899,0.8962902,0.01308583,0.04947147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005277828,0.0000698366,0.209734,0.0004603805,0.00002183287,0.000004606003,0.01738543,0.00008071541,0.01594491,0.7248861,0.03051701,0.0003673474],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8672134,0.0002722929,0.1203792,0.001896476,0.005054542,0.0004278613,0.00003324055,0.00003931926,0.004683696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6369667,0.00001164888,0.3621336,0.0001709679,0.00005730974,0.00003667489,0.000002654798,0.000005045703,0.0006154245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2417544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057312576","doi":"10.1080/14926150409556620","title":"Expectation versus variation: Students’ decision making in a chance environment","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Humanities; Psychology; Philosophy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07305733448971588,"gpt":0.3981604401492577,"spread":0.3251031056595418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001156087,0.0000837097,0.0001529752,0.001275659,0.0001783265,0.00007233785,0.0003233914,0.00007092925,0.00002456237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037389,0.00007804711,0.00001424183,0.0006802249,0.0004520276,0.0001667042,0.00002243591,0.0001392316,0.000003647708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004967091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002015126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005292089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004973826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990351,0.00001184927,0.0003790785,0.0001387338,0.0002466819,0.0001886074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989094,0.0002799688,0.0003351147,0.0001666673,0.0001929044,0.0001159438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001579579,0.0003549749,0.005342279,0.00006263726,0.00001603838,0.00001089577,0.02554194,0.00006822046,0.0009563309,0.9226435,0.000193438,0.04479391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005051628,0.0001009404,0.01072862,0.0002905921,0.00001842065,0.00008941585,0.01454122,0.00004831451,0.0004689315,0.9729594,0.0001446322,0.0001043268],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9196518,0.0002140312,0.07739347,0.001181193,0.001207174,0.0001630672,0.0000014758,0.000007941684,0.0001798438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5958292,0.00003245443,0.4040821,0.00001459403,0.00001804261,0.000008182914,1.722948e-7,0.000004274867,0.00001093577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3266887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4476083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900647770","doi":"10.1017/s1930297500006628","title":"Boosting intelligence analysts’ judgment accuracy: What works, what fails?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Judgment and Decision Making","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale; Government of the United Kingdom","keywords":"Boosting (machine learning); Intelligence analysis; Psychology; Unpacking; Overconfidence effect; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2369632656398206,"gpt":0.4637587489756343,"spread":0.2267954833358137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001567656,0.0002338343,0.0003302261,0.0002219619,0.0003347878,0.004024273,0.0002524566,0.0001048531,0.000566921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004541328,0.0001930193,0.00007556748,0.0003172893,0.0001233662,0.002845693,0.0002721523,0.0001711933,0.0001087991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008250024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004120912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002657496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001697478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980062,0.0001172022,0.0006064001,0.0004524643,0.0004655242,0.0003521882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917542,0.007147945,0.0003249999,0.0004565088,0.0002037364,0.0001125597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005998183,0.00004611878,0.0001082058,0.00002731242,0.0000263777,0.000005012456,0.001863208,0.000005728998,0.00008681897,0.0079902,0.005119251,0.9846618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003511666,0.0001476962,0.0005507582,0.007060645,0.0001207754,0.00002643414,0.092204,0.005400483,0.002889814,0.8838962,0.006793987,0.00055808],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1646944,0.004818582,0.8256859,0.0005947999,0.003323269,0.00033056,0.000001128618,0.0001167161,0.0004347366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4698703,0.004511731,0.5242966,0.000826447,0.0003309927,0.00002290091,0.000003608082,0.00002523597,0.0001121117],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9841037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954642664","doi":"10.1177/2515245919858072","title":"Failing Grade: 89% of Introduction-to-Psychology Textbooks That Define or Explain Statistical Significance Do So Incorrectly","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Fallacy; Psychology; Odds; Significance testing; Experimental psychology; Statistical significance; Epistemology; Logistic regression; Cognition; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2283246623473483,"gpt":0.6279325644064597,"spread":0.3996079020591115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01265207,0.0002095318,0.000529913,0.0003398732,0.0001143713,0.0000809047,0.0005825856,0.0001242997,0.0004779022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05061052,0.0001482273,0.00002438598,0.001211632,0.001173203,0.0005649418,0.000142926,0.0005245032,0.00001117253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000504297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008052639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001944677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004272852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957578,0.0016842,0.0006661693,0.001057122,0.0003666507,0.0004680956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9781496,0.02042954,0.0006591556,0.0005286603,0.0001006571,0.0001324044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008593317,0.0005845344,0.0263029,0.0001429092,0.000006179644,0.00001537908,0.001824183,0.00007256865,0.01063378,0.2256199,0.0005271347,0.7334112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009505267,0.001051815,0.03086558,0.00008418246,0.0000185025,0.0001044416,0.004564708,0.0002932926,0.003123735,0.9007072,0.05775673,0.0004792371],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2210622,0.001186512,0.7639701,0.002738715,0.003851286,0.0009134213,0.00002109255,0.00005080373,0.006205916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1553046,0.001074723,0.8429264,0.0004292302,0.00007722198,0.0000624352,0.000001221002,0.000009148903,0.0001149947],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7329319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9573866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1928566619","doi":"10.1214/imsc/1207580069","title":"Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of David A. Freedman","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"SPIE eBooks","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Freedman; Honor; Statistics; History; Sociology; Mathematics; Computer science; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2367603849011052,"gpt":0.3754391537662531,"spread":0.138678768865148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006005812,0.0002645628,0.0006554926,0.000169654,0.00003816396,0.00001270435,0.0001855921,0.0002614948,0.00007749023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002392876,0.0002539041,0.00004818262,0.00001958048,0.0004734174,0.00001253885,0.0001026206,0.0003450946,0.000008327753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001194291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000644529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003725555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002153298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985218,0.00008936897,0.0006191079,0.0003420761,0.0002190671,0.0002085969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967465,0.00215275,0.0003951557,0.0004929201,0.0001398382,0.00007286849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001949678,0.00005292138,0.0001479641,0.00113271,0.00003248653,0.00001231164,0.001512402,1.47338e-7,0.00001643184,0.9080921,0.07945521,0.009525779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003020881,0.00007326356,0.000361934,0.0001922498,0.00005259206,0.000009188579,0.00005225733,0.000006450029,0.00009565085,0.9804835,0.01814036,0.0002305122],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001798227,0.0002312305,0.01806534,0.00003762638,0.0008111749,0.001339131,0.001762517,0.00009209423,0.9758627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00008670985,0.00005534141,0.5412121,0.00002593598,0.00007912696,0.00004768637,0.0000581615,0.00004286386,0.458392],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5231468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210179800","doi":"10.1007/s10649-021-10113-5","title":"Mathematics education in a time of crisis—a viral pandemic","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Educational Studies in Mathematics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Mathematics education; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Virology; Psychology; Medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.168235164709394,"gpt":0.4963923375791531,"spread":0.3281571728697591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002997229,0.0006238141,0.001851932,0.0007351232,0.00007585967,0.00005279512,0.0007956983,0.0007072847,0.0004117485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06016696,0.000613335,0.0002179617,0.0006650259,0.0003055239,0.00009984335,0.0003385842,0.0009675361,0.00007588665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001001653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004872544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004150501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001213609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947644,0.0003878851,0.002377731,0.0006308607,0.001357523,0.000481568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9695518,0.02675213,0.001442262,0.0008834807,0.001285463,0.00008486514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000765444,0.003094078,0.0003663439,0.005308477,0.0001762053,0.000002369133,0.01702993,0.000003522706,0.00001672811,0.02622902,0.9476094,0.0001562301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005165821,0.00003957796,0.0001490402,0.003736489,0.0002239298,0.00001164536,0.03072694,0.00003709177,0.00006181608,0.9329591,0.03087015,0.0006676114],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01599639,0.01018529,0.00087857,0.0008884346,0.964596,0.002012232,0.0006260329,0.0001224422,0.004694597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000194427,0.005092832,0.7401871,0.00009711626,0.2138773,0.001065659,0.0008721556,0.0002461711,0.03836723],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9167393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2293569677","doi":"10.5539/ies.v9n2p11","title":"Students’ Errors in Solving the Permutation and Combination Problems Based on Problem Solving Steps of Polya","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mistake; Permutation (music); Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Mathematics; Derangement; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.187036605759311,"gpt":0.4696836160440848,"spread":0.2826470102847738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001089055,0.0001281553,0.0001746641,0.0002858268,0.00009509955,0.00003463369,0.0002059911,0.00003710858,0.00003371571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005907252,0.00007961037,0.00003257774,0.0001468885,0.0001459061,0.0001298123,0.00006238644,0.0000775384,0.000004403065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001940764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001432004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000351143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000114636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986135,0.0001928175,0.0004405332,0.0002123456,0.0004208402,0.0001199782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953387,0.003379206,0.0003414262,0.00015056,0.0007666888,0.00002337515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000169031,0.00324127,0.3529008,0.0006421593,0.000439403,7.036537e-7,0.04543028,0.0002277825,0.002697191,0.4572133,0.02276694,0.1142711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001805647,0.0002016856,0.3494192,0.00161346,0.00006836987,0.000004677051,0.02554099,0.0006276505,0.001590703,0.6161711,0.002610772,0.0003457811],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9601669,0.0004144531,0.01352716,0.01789243,0.003796934,0.0009252528,0.0000312164,0.00006299344,0.003182606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799651,0.0002069865,0.01755272,0.0001639136,0.00005459982,0.0002006039,0.000006753741,0.00001378819,0.001835515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1589577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7071959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1763804216","doi":"10.1198/0003130031072","title":"Statistics and Ethics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Statistician","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"College of the North Atlantic","funders":"","keywords":"Advice (programming); Statistics; Work (physics); Sociology; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2657415008978894,"gpt":0.4875637517411046,"spread":0.2218222508432152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001386828,0.0001511592,0.0002674983,0.00004867565,0.0002773779,0.00005463217,0.000139165,0.00002750074,0.0001485104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02085653,0.0001076535,0.00001663347,0.0001996416,0.000914857,0.00001970088,0.00002916164,0.0003410976,0.00003443156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002631684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001503274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009801687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008539726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998091,0.000957773,0.0002497918,0.0001938458,0.0002346582,0.0002729739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9836054,0.01559612,0.0002543993,0.0003239759,0.0001244202,0.00009571738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009029926,0.0000236399,0.0003060278,0.00002381452,0.00002279885,0.000004547775,0.001821679,4.744481e-7,0.00002786933,0.9423062,0.03818143,0.0172725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001377556,0.00009567642,0.006336242,0.000008752966,0.00007493922,0.00003076301,0.005035752,0.00005941727,0.00009848327,0.9552973,0.03263703,0.0001879219],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.009063623,0.0000688252,0.9832043,0.0009022836,0.0003915037,0.00019648,0.0004942443,0.00008227874,0.00559648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0758514,0.0001815541,0.9204137,0.001978939,0.00004503115,0.00002428781,0.000009156599,0.00003398519,0.001461961],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06678778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9873912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093313213","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.005","title":"Evaluation of undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards statistics courses, before and after a course in applied statistics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"University of Lethbridge","keywords":"Course (navigation); Statistics education; Medical education; Psychology; Health statistics; Mathematics education; Statistics; Descriptive statistics; Medicine; Mathematics; Engineering; Environmental health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09950166679399228,"gpt":0.4788580291688186,"spread":0.3793563623748264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003064384,0.0002316066,0.0003467442,0.0002099122,0.0000656314,0.00004723848,0.0001516103,0.0001132017,0.0002230222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002039077,0.0002300317,0.00002315374,0.0002216496,0.0002406167,0.0001157531,0.0000219142,0.0001783415,0.00001532795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003666021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001189576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003636447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001467598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973068,0.0004795539,0.0005744285,0.0002571578,0.001032018,0.0003500395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977899,0.0006891675,0.0003586825,0.000341594,0.0006572432,0.0001634626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005529945,0.004194595,0.1275845,0.0002361758,0.00008402588,3.476784e-7,0.0125232,0.000006848897,0.00005333601,0.5686156,0.02144258,0.2652035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006502352,0.00004636887,0.6022987,0.0001849587,0.0005308071,0.000005702267,0.004380717,0.0001451514,0.000163519,0.3911775,0.0002046803,0.000211706],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7752321,0.002044336,0.2016308,0.002353593,0.00882447,0.003408358,0.001433767,0.0001392354,0.004933364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7482163,0.00004280871,0.2507475,0.00005835037,0.0001341343,0.0002176474,0.0001101975,0.0000311562,0.0004418899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4747142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9380422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972677736","doi":"10.1198/tech.2007.s487","title":"Statistics in the Pharmaceutical Industry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technometrics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Pharmaceutical industry; Econometrics; Computer science; Mathematics; Biology; Biotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4213653160313435,"gpt":0.5395696338687382,"spread":0.1182043178373947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003850071,0.00009435852,0.0001282092,0.0006887236,0.00004994173,0.00002664123,0.0003339688,0.000196234,0.0001373918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0167942,0.00006846409,0.00001877623,0.002731836,0.00009758201,0.00002273812,0.00004341339,0.0007257743,0.000027091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006947859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004059567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004904868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007456623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989176,0.00006503706,0.0003011544,0.0001293118,0.0003079056,0.0002789771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918346,0.007700128,0.00007572291,0.0002792428,0.00006245596,0.00004782263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007097102,0.0002116996,0.00806301,0.00003478337,0.00000529482,0.00002963198,0.0004045485,3.593078e-7,0.00002767072,0.8749272,0.04046372,0.07582495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004707052,0.00005564117,0.02976871,0.0000126293,0.00003810048,0.00003795541,0.004674218,0.00009665792,0.001449494,0.8688872,0.09425735,0.0002513566],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.06040062,0.000180831,0.9261449,0.0006132424,0.0005645127,0.000339125,0.00008196291,0.0001799136,0.01149489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3902707,0.00005208704,0.608385,0.0005978285,0.00008377216,0.00001550464,0.000007836559,0.00001769772,0.0005695368],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3298701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125542275","doi":"10.1506/car.24.3.11","title":"The Effectiveness of Alternative Training Techniques on Analytical Procedures Performance*","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Contemporary Accounting Research","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Library science; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4175643479152806,"gpt":0.5358483429927742,"spread":0.1182839950774935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03468343,0.0001107645,0.000224076,0.0002710517,0.0003685348,0.00006533161,0.0003879491,0.00007119676,0.00000842183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03510266,0.00007280402,0.00004748209,0.0004129842,0.0004557738,0.0001011465,0.00009409436,0.0004712704,0.000005886672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006935919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003974293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001765961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003783361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975439,0.0008482243,0.0003691644,0.0002194766,0.0006438774,0.0003753154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9572107,0.04166712,0.0001349943,0.00028395,0.0006555229,0.00004774615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003150756,0.0003549995,0.03531238,0.001839509,0.0001780725,0.00001739772,0.004311074,0.000002084784,0.004710639,0.8544368,0.0148056,0.08088072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001026731,0.001162388,0.09043601,0.002742486,0.00001907999,0.00001805611,0.01655729,0.0007222555,0.4098516,0.4638858,0.01307447,0.0005038819],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8832939,0.0001493525,0.007805282,0.0002421745,0.0003260966,0.0009639449,0.000009324347,0.0001145589,0.1070953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938883,0.00002915633,0.005324207,0.00001671671,0.0001424241,0.00004743897,0.000003171365,0.00001990719,0.0005286606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4051409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152281873","doi":"10.1080/00207390601002765","title":"Introductory statistics, college student attitudes and knowledge – a qualitative analysis of the impact of technology-based instruction","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Statistical inference; GRASP; Statistics education; Statistical analysis; Descriptive statistics; Statistical thinking; Computer science; Educational technology; Statistics; Psychology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05417601533670249,"gpt":0.5090673793555285,"spread":0.454891364018826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001740665,0.00008857292,0.000340679,0.002620583,0.0000425015,0.00001521328,0.0004342745,0.00007432866,0.00002760028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008198917,0.00005920279,0.00005136335,0.001957827,0.001716879,0.00008877471,0.00009233251,0.000155658,2.622665e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001927502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001509489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000208681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002311674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985645,0.00008611362,0.0007123505,0.00013617,0.0004014161,0.00009944969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995881,0.0009361756,0.0007435795,0.0001655409,0.002247367,0.00002639425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002243759,0.001080379,0.05796304,0.00006850513,0.0001949401,5.260032e-7,0.0022247,0.0000292691,0.003133486,0.9281105,0.0005039243,0.00666825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004303264,0.0001451128,0.131543,0.0001685526,0.0001385091,0.00003851423,0.01176535,0.0004667856,0.003830998,0.8513758,0.00002043274,0.00007660928],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990879,0.0001630009,0.007335178,0.0009818925,0.0003400557,0.0001188386,0.00004760754,0.000006651509,0.0001277969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9039987,0.0000186701,0.09591763,0.000004913775,0.00001959382,0.000006662925,9.056988e-7,0.000003412263,0.00002955005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08858245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9815462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076195593","doi":"10.1007/s10649-010-9288-8","title":"From personal to conventional probabilities: from sample set to sample space","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Studies in Mathematics","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Mistake; Sample space; Task (project management); Probabilistic logic; Sample (material); Mathematics education; Set (abstract data type); Space (punctuation); Reflection (computer programming); Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5353738918974773,"gpt":0.4917493971435163,"spread":0.04362449475396096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007334432,0.0002899054,0.000516899,0.000181434,0.0001541346,0.00003392739,0.0003588606,0.00007781749,0.004558686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03723217,0.0002745736,0.00009129009,0.0003277205,0.0001768286,0.0000712418,0.0002148714,0.0001592452,0.0003056532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000365734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002827612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00107323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003947979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978685,0.0001531598,0.0006819177,0.0004711446,0.0004680502,0.000357203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9765905,0.022261,0.0001892138,0.0004008309,0.0003776429,0.0001807969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006586248,0.001088138,0.005079425,0.0002329685,0.0002818548,0.000001121004,0.386891,0.000005476955,0.00004060526,0.4204877,0.1855439,0.0002819138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000219337,0.0000562938,0.005167985,0.0001903137,0.00004356197,0.000001432977,0.08431542,0.00003358237,0.0001361564,0.9043567,0.005194556,0.0002846471],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.7680276,0.0005298425,0.1984811,0.01047873,0.007170114,0.002473063,0.008739013,0.000209171,0.003891425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01858342,0.00002190876,0.9781871,0.000456663,0.0005862179,0.000621383,0.0001821248,0.00003898123,0.001322218],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7797061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1493286410","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00762","title":"Teaching signal detection theory with pseudoscience","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"","keywords":"Pseudoscience; Psychology; Detection theory; Front (military); SIGNAL (programming language); Volume (thermodynamics); Social psychology; Cognitive science; Psychoanalysis; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1500776150484019,"gpt":0.438362657884002,"spread":0.2882850428356001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001943022,0.00008106929,0.0001441221,0.0001738333,0.00004338705,0.0000104212,0.0001579538,0.00006883818,0.00002038827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001234886,0.00006499527,0.00001308693,0.0001452633,0.0001634844,0.00005116653,0.00001432441,0.0002227084,0.000008293732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004757758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004703441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007862287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009335228,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988071,0.000544257,0.000146176,0.0002131412,0.0001056017,0.0001837079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992957,0.0003386591,0.0000746939,0.0001951194,0.00003552071,0.00006032568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007474975,0.0003713825,0.02727635,0.00003037919,0.0000386141,0.00002785238,0.01032252,0.00001109912,0.0006527164,0.1181114,0.1855159,0.6568943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005411362,0.0001616878,0.001391864,0.00000867391,0.000009425998,0.00004708997,0.003008114,0.0001732943,0.0001960979,0.9878833,0.006476473,0.0001028778],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01553707,0.00007205463,0.9693596,0.0002449413,0.002823849,0.00009964269,0.000001675347,0.00005563594,0.01180558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1330328,0.000005479617,0.8656585,0.0004463616,0.0000689153,0.00002546366,9.5961e-7,0.00001216541,0.0007493297],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8697718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.265043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W158267730","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-7155-0_15","title":"Developing Probabilistic Thinking: What About People’s Conceptions?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in mathematics education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Representativeness heuristic; Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Probabilistic logic; Psychology; Sociology; Social psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1301676816564378,"gpt":0.4196832833325981,"spread":0.2895156016761603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008809325,0.000572289,0.0008221368,0.000408027,0.000163399,0.0003135449,0.0005322698,0.0003891171,0.001401566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003829087,0.000555739,0.0001231281,0.0001286674,0.0001992485,0.0007976139,0.0001103628,0.0005335044,0.000524591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001125999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007142887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001455318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971645,0.00008780118,0.001277746,0.000575616,0.0005164277,0.0003778709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935507,0.003818933,0.001156545,0.0008141219,0.0005588596,0.0001008388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001792925,0.0001302958,0.00001410714,0.001906985,0.00002099042,4.931635e-7,0.005513843,0.000008514396,0.000001381664,0.9644209,0.005683505,0.02229724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117981,0.00001789301,0.0000380333,0.00403138,0.00007705206,0.00001973236,0.004113678,0.00005071592,0.00001040159,0.9092435,0.08172428,0.0005554084],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004142268,0.02468984,0.1942419,0.001992412,0.01571134,0.005670253,0.0000607563,0.0005983654,0.7566209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001124912,0.01512462,0.7055486,0.0002503647,0.0003341889,0.0006042717,0.000155709,0.0001390648,0.2777307],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5113067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171630682","doi":"10.1007/s11858-012-0435-9","title":"Recognizing revisitation of the representativeness heuristic: an analysis of answer key attributes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ZDM","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Representativeness heuristic; Heuristics; Heuristic; Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Perspective (graphical); Probabilistic logic; Psychology; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3902957829131228,"gpt":0.4925639092517058,"spread":0.102268126338583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001108357,0.00005947636,0.0002394053,0.00009601027,0.00003718391,0.0000058923,0.0001182583,0.00003174517,0.0001567058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00754602,0.00004178731,0.0000824194,0.0004880864,0.00006341939,0.00007398201,0.00002977203,0.00004417644,0.000001831577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001456826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002123468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003887012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009244172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998913,0.0004657753,0.0002865622,0.00008911158,0.0001456046,0.00009994135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966698,0.002440396,0.0003091366,0.000323556,0.000226425,0.00003065329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005446886,0.0005503079,0.7400733,0.0004395001,0.0009831486,2.570113e-7,0.02985953,0.0001148368,0.009557164,0.2030103,0.00500627,0.01035089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001850039,0.00003189173,0.8984829,0.00006740104,0.001843038,9.360224e-7,0.007658179,0.0004920792,0.04524295,0.04515009,0.0007024569,0.0001430908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8841354,0.0001636223,0.1140465,0.0001312923,0.0004927497,0.0001589701,0.0001354118,0.00001957761,0.0007164676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8947293,0.00001792606,0.1048531,0.00002238486,0.00004135844,0.000006333423,0.00002768345,0.000007188872,0.0002947616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1584095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9033836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040136403","doi":"10.1177/0092055x0603400101","title":"Cultivating Quantitative Literacy: The Role of Sociology","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching Sociology","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"College of Family Physicians of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology; Literacy; Sociology of Education; Epistemology; Social science; Scientific literacy; Adult literacy; Pedagogy; Science education; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1285450237551127,"gpt":0.4707012246128585,"spread":0.3421562008577458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001835654,0.0001151794,0.0002880016,0.00004705818,0.0002512612,0.000006799895,0.0002047208,0.0001333681,0.00006960756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006872664,0.00007789618,0.00007702171,0.00002936678,0.0007518875,0.00003195577,0.00005613055,0.0004303821,0.00001391107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003478738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005108989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001644224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004479264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975203,0.001657521,0.0003655287,0.0001636558,0.00007066233,0.0002223008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9851664,0.01419591,0.0003345598,0.0001991713,0.00009001714,0.0000139484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007553541,0.0000541248,0.005093794,0.0000137398,0.00002854405,2.906553e-7,0.04449068,0.000005998131,0.005467858,0.938731,0.004412653,0.001693801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001279963,0.00005364715,0.005076064,0.000009528884,0.00002323911,0.000004053345,0.0152825,0.0001899619,0.0006268817,0.9746958,0.003827241,0.00008308404],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9248519,0.0005947108,0.06017606,0.001236016,0.0004371265,0.0001728497,0.00002198152,0.0001107511,0.01239863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7673208,0.000003211864,0.2318012,0.0001631412,0.000120487,0.00001930975,0.00001745893,0.00001278114,0.000541619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1716251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8227717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101232261","doi":"10.1177/1094428108321153","title":"Decimal Dust, Significant Digits, and the Search for Stars","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Organizational Research Methods","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decimal; Rounding; Heuristics; Sample (material); Arithmetic; Numerical digit; Statistics; Mathematics; Psychology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6711352949265189,"gpt":0.6261322037562496,"spread":0.04500309117026935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01389314,0.0001111118,0.0002277405,0.0001669143,0.000799487,0.00008603329,0.0002997926,0.00007428271,0.0003914683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08613502,0.00007384044,0.00003695473,0.0006661761,0.001069652,0.00006217854,0.0001735019,0.0002949822,0.00001366874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007113718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006472724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001521345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001095054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954454,0.002947549,0.0002785646,0.0002830683,0.0006616563,0.0003837238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9377438,0.06033306,0.00004850878,0.0002738685,0.001472543,0.0001281914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001556778,0.00006729674,0.0006733402,0.00005344426,0.00004005939,0.000002050834,0.001670169,0.000003208143,0.001715271,0.945914,0.04168865,0.008016782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001956787,0.0001203682,0.007571919,0.00001851722,0.0000278132,0.00006205516,0.002388607,0.001298038,0.02642037,0.9135498,0.04634767,0.0002380666],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01099658,0.0002092126,0.981028,0.004142606,0.0002173831,0.0008808315,0.00008488567,0.00005281617,0.002387672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0183173,0.0004348859,0.9736629,0.0001205636,0.0001893432,0.0001113338,0.00003312723,0.00004293043,0.007087648],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07224189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9215629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507166707","doi":"10.1037/cap0000056","title":"Increasing literacy in quantitative methods: The key to the future of Canadian psychology.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Psychology; Literacy; Information literacy; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Applied psychology; Management science; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2380091746887879,"gpt":0.5046286997589575,"spread":0.2666195250701697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007283268,0.0004808634,0.0006731611,0.002590383,0.0003683291,0.00005316178,0.00198711,0.0004749983,0.0006879802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01188582,0.0002766963,0.0001536819,0.002858787,0.0007319065,0.0001257814,0.000055066,0.0006743397,0.0001529192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007894398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001230542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5725034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9919208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9930783,0.002891386,0.0009929724,0.0009816501,0.0001619443,0.00189377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9899867,0.005705256,0.0003471305,0.002139708,0.0004240297,0.001397168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002137794,0.00007833349,0.008844591,0.00002246616,0.0001454894,0.0001302609,0.01299512,0.000002229201,0.001151591,0.2026237,0.5119408,0.2618517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007190778,0.000201601,0.1298213,0.00009793879,0.00003796311,0.0001998818,0.002910942,0.000002829042,0.00003838547,0.1064263,0.7591266,0.0004171787],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4169081,0.002691336,0.01539752,0.5056751,0.01704727,0.00271105,0.001979782,0.0001334939,0.03745636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4411818,0.001222667,0.4809172,0.07275597,0.0007755405,0.0006299028,0.00004010849,0.0001906733,0.00228609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4655197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101345835","doi":"10.5539/ies.v7n13p166","title":"Statistics Anxiety among Postgraduate Students","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Anxiety; Psychology; Medical education; Statistics; Descriptive statistics; Population; Statistics education; Mathematics education; Medicine; Mathematics; Sociology; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2591939828417328,"gpt":0.5480625024398245,"spread":0.2888685195980916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007478539,0.0001647328,0.0002209408,0.0001509763,0.0001348259,0.00008715579,0.0003580335,0.0000416137,0.0001562123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01604304,0.000148801,0.00004650063,0.0001110193,0.0001520911,0.0001069154,0.0001204319,0.0001151492,0.0001112154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001380459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001105184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002955406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002954039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985189,0.000167333,0.0003934733,0.0002587684,0.0004961975,0.00016536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995675,0.001625344,0.0002540119,0.0002381947,0.002137169,0.00007027402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001475484,0.0004303293,0.1204942,0.00005648181,0.000319671,3.270055e-7,0.002372656,0.00000292005,0.00003221495,0.3788844,0.4677477,0.02964437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003383415,0.00003671992,0.1197261,0.00007365839,0.00007769566,0.000008957035,0.004570414,0.00008827307,0.0002821839,0.7221443,0.1523769,0.0002764094],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6963013,0.0004506512,0.2333755,0.004554421,0.04609186,0.0005853852,0.0002781827,0.0003866729,0.01797604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5114025,0.0006362442,0.4485816,0.001239114,0.0007964004,0.0002233129,0.0001256914,0.00004109283,0.03695409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3432599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973298017","doi":"10.52041/serj.v17i2.162","title":"STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUTURE RELEVANCE OF STATISTICS AFTER COMPLETING AN ONLINE INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSE","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Statistics Education Research Journal","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Statistics education; Psychology; Statistics; Mathematics education; Perception; Descriptive statistics; Course (navigation); Medical education; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2008951695797969,"gpt":0.5418542824955707,"spread":0.3409591129157737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00436112,0.0002561374,0.000454759,0.0003489405,0.0006668696,0.0001411733,0.001052432,0.000119011,0.002008217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01592996,0.0002049058,0.0000601383,0.0006160973,0.001880463,0.0001323034,0.0002171494,0.001179352,0.00002243154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002453635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003311845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004208568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004353182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934483,0.002362867,0.001267331,0.0003527867,0.001995952,0.0005727231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9845614,0.004674824,0.0009475605,0.0008981815,0.008596694,0.0003213396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002065514,0.003319443,0.03204748,0.0004856419,0.0001466791,0.000005013015,0.008706421,0.000006926376,0.0009212155,0.32391,0.5876059,0.04263876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006570836,0.0007753043,0.4068182,0.0003092866,0.0002141181,0.0001031479,0.03645712,0.0003372809,0.0002839385,0.5389191,0.01475648,0.0003689937],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2709529,0.0003747396,0.7007236,0.001019002,0.007714449,0.0008650467,0.01814768,0.00003076071,0.0001718422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1101929,0.0005628702,0.8843398,0.0001145689,0.002496327,0.00003187457,0.000214173,0.00006174935,0.001985693],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5728494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976035906","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.32.5.1019","title":"Why people underestimate y when extrapolating in linear functions.","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Australian Research Council; Ministère de la Défense Nationale","keywords":"Extrapolation; Zero (linguistics); Function (biology); Population; Minor (academic); Linear relationship; Mathematics; Statistics; Econometrics; Humanities; Philosophy; Demography; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1281291883973042,"gpt":0.4357449023451839,"spread":0.3076157139478798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006050022,0.000091421,0.0001877504,0.000176828,0.0001024244,0.00001904136,0.00004271262,0.00007371355,0.000261711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004366687,0.00008649279,0.00003893525,0.00007901547,0.00006304003,0.0001119931,0.00001220851,0.0003083163,0.000005186314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001647827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001277149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001179583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989829,0.0003004939,0.0003831723,0.0001147861,0.00009623852,0.0001224045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989787,0.000559442,0.0003095514,0.00005061962,0.00006746021,0.00003427382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003143957,0.005525281,0.0545894,0.0003122295,0.0003153864,0.0002573695,0.02263838,0.0008721763,0.6850189,0.01444076,0.1735863,0.03929984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01594476,0.003603484,0.1105153,0.0008396474,0.0003779899,0.00429797,0.073925,0.002030794,0.06048184,0.7181052,0.008595197,0.001282848],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9377696,0.0006392546,0.05492296,0.0005412417,0.0009151545,0.00008603808,0.000001925361,0.00002559932,0.005098247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9425113,0.00002333314,0.05653138,0.000323889,0.0001808418,0.000005954858,0.000008539531,0.00001313422,0.0004016185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7036644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3527074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3148088604","doi":"10.5948/upo9781614445159.009","title":"Probability and Statistics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"MAA spectrum","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Probability and statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2312874632911795,"gpt":0.3651661877090556,"spread":0.1338787244178761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002880473,0.0002660279,0.0003889223,0.00007064192,0.00007331082,0.00005374248,0.0001184956,0.0002257389,0.009413964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001077582,0.0002387151,0.0000397266,0.00001120001,0.0001975981,0.00001830422,0.00008743376,0.000319796,0.0003468276],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008005353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007782707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002161936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004182463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989375,0.00004169716,0.0003204221,0.000324368,0.0001775116,0.0001984873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978472,0.001359265,0.0002120627,0.0004162662,0.00007200758,0.0000931931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000324875,0.0000117419,0.0000129085,0.000205141,0.00002630253,0.000002996857,0.00008239668,2.188727e-8,0.000001084315,0.8486607,0.142645,0.008348415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007325612,0.00003722043,0.0001148435,0.00003276,0.00005909467,0.000009639648,0.00001402523,0.00001118386,0.00001530355,0.8102767,0.1891522,0.0002037296],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004577609,0.000239102,0.115719,0.0007524678,0.001020134,0.0007275284,0.0007530259,0.0001807947,0.8805622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002831576,0.0001316958,0.4364027,0.00004581688,0.0001179109,0.00001453029,0.00003068486,0.00004069539,0.5631877],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3206837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}