{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":37,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":37,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"db50f59aaaf0","filters":{"topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings"}},"results":[{"id":"W2161304687","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.02.015","title":"Surface modification of resistance welding electrode by electro-spark deposited composite coatings: Part I. Coating characterization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Electrode; Composite material; Scanning electron microscope; Layer (electronics); Microstructure; Metallurgy; Deposition (geology); Composite number","authors":[{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005118561931564399,"gpt":0.1973420199657674,"spread":0.192223458034203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002219113,0.0003866325,0.0004906242,0.0001360806,0.0002569754,0.00006358197,0.0002217436,0.0003124027,0.000008120287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003116267,0.0004347528,0.00005535001,0.0009107257,0.0001397878,0.0002495114,0.00003914168,0.0003195189,0.000006507368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001027089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001839688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001076841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005493197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979612,0.00004821946,0.0006952127,0.0004653232,0.0002437999,0.0005863063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989704,0.000117863,0.0003849979,0.0003170831,0.0001585945,0.00005099117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002608092,0.00004606189,0.02741383,0.00008526055,0.00002700235,0.000001433358,0.0001381105,0.00155271,0.9689615,0.0006574676,0.0006443532,0.0004462253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005756835,0.00008912712,0.000718186,0.0001350125,0.00005499707,0.000007488128,0.0001939511,0.002793738,0.9933574,0.0004130413,0.001245575,0.0004158623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897627,0.001646071,0.005856761,0.0003150472,0.00006630742,0.0003764932,0.00004709364,0.001069834,0.0008596938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944007,0.0003144125,0.004303507,0.00002334269,0.00002415186,0.00002659766,0.0003977878,0.000076349,0.0004331523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02669564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3020906544","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2020.4.002","title":"Model of contact interaction in threaded joint equipped with spring-loaded collet","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Spring (device); Joint (building); Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Ivan Shatskyi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lіubomyr Ropyak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrii Velychkovych","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03208928695192222,"gpt":0.2123015738948689,"spread":0.1802122869429467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006382239,0.0002105812,0.0003300001,0.00009551061,0.00001176269,0.00001495718,0.00009284635,0.00007490641,0.00001377424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002718952,0.0002098288,0.0000535399,0.0002365666,0.000002526996,0.0001285929,0.00002580707,0.0002132471,0.000008185503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001036289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000191049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000126858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008789943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991602,0.000005560318,0.0002813871,0.0001633614,0.0001451796,0.0002443283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996839,0.00002645276,0.00004476612,0.0001381271,0.00002422694,0.00008254222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002434676,0.00001211556,0.00002369251,0.00006425234,0.00003876852,0.000005466135,0.0005779744,0.6626398,0.3355643,0.0009689729,0.000008847303,0.00007150345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006606684,0.0001012204,0.00003082267,0.000095942,0.00001730853,0.000001451745,0.0001022347,0.7964619,0.2023135,0.00002425839,0.0000243645,0.0001663424],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8395402,0.00009389255,0.1593515,0.00005521328,0.0001347972,0.0002419154,0.000006579406,0.0003988083,0.0001771222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951553,0.00002416657,0.004673203,0.00002091088,0.0000249597,0.00002783589,0.000004439376,0.00006142021,0.000007728623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1556152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8556569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W201139389","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.010","title":"Surface modification of resistance welding electrodes by electro-spark deposited composite coatings","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Metallurgy; Welding; Electrode; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscope; Composite material; Layer (electronics); Alloy; Composite number","authors":[{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004725317687838156,"gpt":0.2019931363265703,"spread":0.1972678186387321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001650803,0.0003414123,0.0004410548,0.0001234986,0.0001909609,0.00004402743,0.0002314462,0.0002840424,0.000006523446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001984266,0.0003699011,0.00005477556,0.0008130446,0.0001685063,0.0001628946,0.00003546114,0.000293262,0.000006829453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008623911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001456097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002452805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001015606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983117,0.00003111049,0.0005076224,0.0004026174,0.0002057165,0.0005412563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991904,0.0001251255,0.0002176678,0.0003030685,0.0001191674,0.00004451623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002624264,0.00004107992,0.02823761,0.00006756147,0.00002795931,0.000001708266,0.0001062384,0.002051492,0.9657091,0.00122429,0.002233826,0.0002728837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005268012,0.00008993928,0.0004643916,0.00007107634,0.00004717422,0.000007737249,0.0002126629,0.000827842,0.9950045,0.001579975,0.0008174017,0.0003505533],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881616,0.00587665,0.002428839,0.0003700188,0.00003691594,0.0002741927,0.00002047315,0.001026232,0.001805129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991196,0.0002955905,0.007828615,0.00001600122,0.00001115569,0.00001602163,0.00007152649,0.00006124873,0.0005038793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02929533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000858764","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.015","title":"Mass loss of copper alloy electrode during TiB2 coating by electrospark deposition","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Electrode; Metallurgy; Copper; Composite material; Brittleness","authors":[{"name":"Cheng Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shijie Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiang Xiong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002503484149520618,"gpt":0.1889190810067645,"spread":0.1864155968572439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009030697,0.0002602403,0.0003357282,0.0001044174,0.0001277532,0.00002368006,0.0001479896,0.0002430896,0.00001042638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001851507,0.0002751484,0.0000453654,0.0004104078,0.00007865988,0.0001351915,0.00001731787,0.0002744053,0.000007068332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006361953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000102953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001936513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001022222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987439,0.00001491898,0.0003237657,0.00027961,0.0001459439,0.0004918686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995531,0.00003602789,0.000105737,0.0002015589,0.00005503356,0.00004847352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001741591,0.00002432634,0.01821527,0.00003121592,0.00002669501,0.000005164776,0.0001269146,0.0004393866,0.9792793,0.000341513,0.0002107218,0.001282118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005768245,0.0002857087,0.0007697121,0.00005055701,0.00003151059,0.00002967683,0.0001841211,0.0006318012,0.995969,0.001130283,0.0000656042,0.0002752031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995533,0.00164904,0.0005302567,0.0003786778,0.00003054927,0.0001796661,0.000005777547,0.0007962442,0.0008967463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961478,0.0003878915,0.003237208,0.00003524103,0.00001134374,0.000009478316,0.00001534979,0.00003428562,0.0001214103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01744556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046000498","doi":"10.2174/1876531901103010105","title":"Development of Metastable Solidification Structures Using the Electrospark Deposition Process","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Open Surface Science Journal","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Metastability; Process (computing); Materials science; Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Mathieu Brochu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gilberto Portillo","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Milligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"David W. Heard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0284256008790807,"gpt":0.3039764872317199,"spread":0.2755508863526392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001583385,0.00009312332,0.00009838308,0.00002933542,0.001055981,0.0004573939,0.001015302,0.00001980644,0.00004283938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001743225,0.00004836651,0.00002038936,0.0004775958,0.00015868,0.0006606132,0.00006180133,0.0002587663,0.000002519103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005781934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002796702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001738302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004202905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990373,0.00001898131,0.0002167025,0.00009598037,0.0003853923,0.0002456382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994755,0.00002400525,0.0001296155,0.000183665,0.0001403458,0.00004688192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005683866,0.000007342155,0.000384754,0.00000316249,0.00001343519,1.6654e-7,0.002180105,0.03673128,0.9581985,0.0001275872,0.000008162533,0.002339769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001103753,0.000008738331,0.0018592,0.00001232266,0.00002054714,0.00006426658,0.001239789,0.02470318,0.9711571,0.0006511235,0.00009330273,0.00008009837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957563,0.00006395815,0.002841854,0.00006427908,0.0002274228,0.0001915387,4.618576e-7,0.00001438315,0.0008398317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612178,0.000006266707,0.03871323,0.000008574055,0.00001920055,0.000002228609,4.113676e-7,0.000008384027,0.00002394481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03587137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.812186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955580931","doi":"10.1007/s11661-019-05332-8","title":"The Effect of Pulse Energy on the Defects and Microstructure of Electro-Spark-Deposited Inconel 718","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Microstructure; Superalloy; Electroforming; Coating; Composite material; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Optoelectronics","authors":[{"name":"Lorenzo Marzari Félix","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles C.F. Kwan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002158290659651872,"gpt":0.1616707446284597,"spread":0.1595124539688078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001112064,0.0001105746,0.000212113,0.00001813183,0.00006945,0.00003360077,0.00004603003,0.00005295844,0.0001451348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000307601,0.00005596041,0.00004578459,0.00006531251,0.00005565795,0.00002934399,0.000003591947,0.00004605689,0.000001620235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004956121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002216129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007486306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001654369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999526,0.0000677693,0.0001453934,0.00008805936,0.00006398427,0.00010876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996007,0.0002390348,0.00002963751,0.00009871639,0.000009289907,0.00002262614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001475778,0.000008589919,0.00002240688,0.00005985998,0.000117257,8.097362e-7,0.00004464749,0.0003529282,0.9979565,0.0003571432,0.00000398703,0.0009283493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005295368,0.0002893071,0.001290534,0.00002387714,0.0001036384,0.00001676208,0.00001513148,0.0004204993,0.9966417,0.00006871723,0.0005268212,0.00007347754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985906,0.0004724154,0.000451955,0.00003154943,0.00009852827,0.0001490124,0.00001180083,0.00002500786,0.0001691626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994915,0.0003135275,0.00001819938,0.000006509004,0.000006639445,0.00002192269,0.000002887754,0.00001077165,0.0001280142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001314746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2281999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794707397","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.03.023","title":"Dendritic coarsening model for rapid solidification of Ni-superalloy via electrospark deposition","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Inconel; Superalloy; Materials science; Indentation hardness; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Microstructure; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhen Jiao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ehsan Toyserkani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01253969648987259,"gpt":0.2408928689658299,"spread":0.2283531724759573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002129214,0.000114956,0.0002829967,0.0002217727,0.0000734936,0.00003034508,0.0001464124,0.0001547627,0.000007688439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004028033,0.0001063577,0.00003524958,0.0001389342,0.00007101397,0.0001953487,0.00001146899,0.00006908976,0.000001594783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005537027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004059011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.252364e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001593428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991364,0.00001061813,0.000481629,0.00008409585,0.00009434159,0.0001929053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993088,0.00001475881,0.0002655767,0.00009026883,0.0003003071,0.00002026223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006208475,0.0000241615,0.00004153602,0.0001191532,0.00002908208,9.841337e-7,0.0001565483,0.0003802905,0.9877216,0.00008749144,0.00005835603,0.01131873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000428375,0.000282408,0.00001899672,0.0001407234,0.00006250694,0.00009560522,0.00004718216,0.05862935,0.9359869,0.004208999,0.00001049309,0.00008839879],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7976766,0.0003735728,0.2014414,0.0001269031,0.0001732394,0.00008449553,0.000002128607,0.0001047582,0.00001686274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9381508,0.00004637013,0.06164392,0.000008400715,0.00009769137,0.00001359511,0.000002848764,0.00002767808,0.000008747403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1404741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4337142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066660358","doi":"10.2320/matertrans.md201228","title":"Grain Refinement during Rapid Solidification of Aluminum&amp;ndash;Zirconium Alloys Using Electrospark Deposition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Tetragonal crystal system; Zirconium; Supercooling; Alloy; Metallurgy; Deposition (geology); Aluminium; Ingot; Supersaturation; Crystal structure; Thermodynamics; Crystallography","authors":[{"name":"Mathieu Brochu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gilberto Portillo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01371730216116195,"gpt":0.2094598127844922,"spread":0.1957425106233302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007863114,0.0001640508,0.0001977195,0.00008850839,0.0001249932,0.00005674873,0.00006438529,0.00007391839,0.001850134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001997169,0.0001734402,0.00005913596,0.0001237971,0.00002188852,0.0002259642,0.000002359899,0.00005020614,0.00006050485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001035142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001051162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003604825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004028371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990957,0.00003451042,0.0003587317,0.0001485584,0.0001210236,0.0002415256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996393,0.00001295314,0.00006557393,0.0001883114,0.00004845359,0.0000453817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009346365,0.00004131612,0.00001810221,0.00008199959,0.00006224043,2.781481e-7,0.0002755024,0.004334413,0.9947417,0.000009314173,0.0000282068,0.0003976089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003342756,0.00002332461,0.001504173,0.00003519698,0.0000706186,0.000008298771,0.00006679718,0.0009170815,0.9967696,0.00003265166,0.00007966345,0.0001583151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9486563,0.00006983195,0.05015531,0.000051232,0.0003314413,0.0003179261,0.00002319856,0.0002225649,0.0001721514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994664,0.00008256406,0.004855646,0.000005654411,0.00004262526,0.0001320054,0.00005189453,0.00003771703,0.0001279515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0460076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044468034","doi":"10.1007/s11665-010-9749-3","title":"Evaluation of the Low Heat Input Process for Weld Repair of Nickel-Base Superalloys","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Inconel; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Nimonic; Superalloy; Electric resistance welding; Shielding gas; Arc welding; Filler metal; Inconel 625; Fusion welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"J. Durocher","is_ca":false},{"name":"N.L. Richards","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01270906267001775,"gpt":0.228732201955384,"spread":0.2160231392853663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008771385,0.00009096965,0.0001920073,0.00004851125,0.00002171447,0.000008725699,0.00008076935,0.00004903041,0.00001975862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007324697,0.0000624739,0.00005283488,0.00005467701,0.00001517859,0.0001367237,0.000007523236,0.00007638755,2.019618e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001302327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003043958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002266533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001162751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993162,0.000009699907,0.0003253416,0.00004306394,0.0002138707,0.000091807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995524,0.00003327,0.00007648215,0.00009636659,0.0002166412,0.00002485769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003312539,0.00001571209,0.002307093,0.0007110353,0.00005181477,1.161586e-7,0.000292119,0.1809882,0.8151087,0.000006214793,0.00002225546,0.0004636485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005686409,0.0001080463,0.007712089,0.0002251401,0.00008586697,0.00001400661,0.00001939599,0.09221653,0.8989393,0.000007939289,0.00003683629,0.00006628258],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987791,0.0001940767,0.00004142063,0.0000131952,0.0008024516,0.0001283747,0.000007548548,0.00001895979,0.00001493691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993842,0.00006158477,0.0004195859,0.000002130562,0.0001027873,0.000008645571,8.57525e-7,0.00001440987,0.000005826675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08877163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2547612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070943031","doi":"10.1108/01445151011061145","title":"Bulk nanostructure and amorphous metallic components using the electrospark welding process","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Assembly Automation","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Amorphous metal; Process (computing); Nanostructure; Welding; Metallurgy; Manufacturing engineering; Amorphous solid; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Crystallography; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Mathieu Brochu","is_ca":true},{"name":"David W. Heard","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Milligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Cadney","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009124996348322463,"gpt":0.2311696807303073,"spread":0.2220446843819849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008608107,0.0001255518,0.000100212,0.00003643424,0.0001573357,0.00009194578,0.00007941163,0.00006895558,0.00001337391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001466026,0.00009357866,0.00002258038,0.0001371536,0.00002345197,0.0002155911,0.00001112485,0.0001501087,0.000005808046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002128633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007771588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003807807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003522206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994654,0.00001233977,0.000116242,0.0001090992,0.0001323079,0.0001645905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997501,0.00003764871,0.00004387383,0.0001158833,0.00002440859,0.00002804503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002135341,0.000005970908,0.003159791,0.00002577779,0.00004118882,0.00000123661,0.0004794972,0.00285902,0.9915544,0.0002052848,0.00002173663,0.001643924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000353887,0.00002091935,0.04161998,0.00002679619,0.00008929351,0.00006094839,0.0001403483,0.4708776,0.4856568,0.0007104845,0.0001856086,0.000257278],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984542,0.00009612496,0.0004242552,0.00006370286,0.0002476199,0.0001633758,0.000001003895,0.0003521343,0.0001975821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998825,0.000006905973,0.001048937,0.0000169846,0.00004463903,0.00001180254,0.000009752827,0.00002308536,0.00001294807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5058976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3816027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898732792","doi":"10.1007/s11661-018-4997-1","title":"Effect of Direct Aging on Heat-Affected Zone and Tensile Properties of Electrospark-Deposited Alloy 718","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Ultimate tensile strength; Brittleness; Base metal; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Fracture toughness; Toughness; Welding; Composite material; Microstructure; Deposition (geology)","authors":[{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhen Jiao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005446989271674319,"gpt":0.190799318991137,"spread":0.1853523297194627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001362614,0.0001441527,0.0003739863,0.00005140875,0.00005990193,0.0000251455,0.0000273247,0.00005378559,0.0001113604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005257239,0.0001037515,0.00004099489,0.00009782661,0.00009943395,0.00005899746,0.000003407938,0.00003807604,0.000002678677],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007172661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002471865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001749892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002128815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993825,0.00007160583,0.0001898521,0.0001346754,0.00008054004,0.0001408447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997863,0.00004746404,0.00002072124,0.00007878389,0.00002576655,0.00004095978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001653736,0.00004178679,0.000008851326,0.0002018137,0.0001342641,0.000001913543,0.0001112662,0.0001375009,0.9982142,0.000004891244,0.000002174169,0.0009759847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000617951,0.0008683579,0.0006222365,0.0001135818,0.0001631491,0.00001551799,0.000007377631,0.001882726,0.9955316,0.000001279268,0.00007328137,0.0001029183],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997614,0.0003714875,0.001410186,0.00001258536,0.00008722878,0.0002120265,0.000009861939,0.0001176377,0.0001649688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995059,0.0001570554,0.0001571265,0.000003666116,0.00001804073,0.00002978022,0.000003293339,0.00001767919,0.0001074725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002682556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4230862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3182032621","doi":"10.29391/2021.100.021","title":"Parametric Study of Automated Electrospark Deposition for Ni-Based Superalloys","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Inconel; Superalloy; Hardfacing; Materials science; Coating; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Corrosion; Electrode; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Welding; Microstructure; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Peterkin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01268232124076168,"gpt":0.2444671977754992,"spread":0.2317848765347375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001280988,0.00009330627,0.0001547264,0.00009625589,0.0001650537,0.0001108873,0.00005613536,0.00003688479,0.00002424843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004970115,0.00008983646,0.00006463964,0.0003291023,0.000004696842,0.0000723661,0.000004536224,0.0001087743,0.000001668065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007515641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002862918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008187897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001621105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999356,0.00002912027,0.0002164339,0.00007918925,0.0001394396,0.0001798723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996542,0.00008921787,0.00004371993,0.00007634089,0.00009338785,0.000043082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009227615,0.0009316457,0.1115841,0.0001121391,0.0005994865,0.0001312451,0.000705599,0.4183474,0.4602644,0.00002149073,0.003280038,0.003930229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004342396,0.0009649022,0.02029285,0.00009969249,0.0002127516,0.0001009856,0.0008081076,0.3051799,0.6675378,0.0001047402,0.00007249053,0.0002834349],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962364,0.0002769428,0.002815259,0.00002777214,0.0002084584,0.000117909,0.000001184296,0.0002117538,0.0001043229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949694,0.0000131403,0.00490119,0.00001031969,0.00004356265,0.0000117984,0.000005298179,0.00002087524,0.00002447721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2072734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3663425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007637133","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2013.04.006","title":"Tribological performance of Al–12Si coatings created via Electrospark Deposition and Spark Plasma Sintering","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Tribology International","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Spark plasma sintering; Tribology; Materials science; SPARK (programming language); Metallurgy; Sintering; Deposition (geology); Plasma; Wear resistance; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"J. Milligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Michael Shockley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard R. Chromik","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mathieu Brochu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006005065112613474,"gpt":0.1988728700129486,"spread":0.1928678049003351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006477898,0.0001438095,0.0001878551,0.0000886553,0.0000390961,0.00002034819,0.0001168645,0.00009520564,0.0003547278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000314307,0.0001331032,0.00003754609,0.00007390841,0.00007403405,0.000175653,0.00003295212,0.0001300927,0.00005070402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005344663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005244149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004350688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005360676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992514,0.00001853555,0.0002646933,0.0001555682,0.0001118924,0.000197951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996383,0.000107553,0.00006552797,0.00007240322,0.00007428962,0.00004195137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001525663,0.00007781918,0.284071,0.00002771105,0.0001681473,0.000006692485,0.0002455768,0.001167379,0.7056584,0.0003174439,0.001003873,0.007103417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00213865,0.0006265238,0.2196735,0.0000594723,0.00004494546,0.0002169859,0.00006145087,0.3274732,0.4487584,0.000296466,0.0002999208,0.0003505013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960609,0.00006074746,0.001208753,0.0002402084,0.0002122708,0.0001375211,0.000004639755,0.0001441547,0.001930782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998499,0.00006232269,0.001140067,0.00005816519,0.00003209072,0.00003206538,0.00005420722,0.00001435299,0.0001077521],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3263058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5427791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403074690","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38866","title":"Induction cladding of alloys and metal-matrix composite coatings: A review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Heliyon","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; St. Thomas University; Shantou University","keywords":"Composite number; Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Metal matrix composite; Metallurgy; Matrix (chemical analysis); Metal; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Jing Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shuai Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03510364353389701,"gpt":0.3135330640111855,"spread":0.2784294204772885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001794639,0.0003662714,0.001331409,0.0001472725,0.000026797,0.00002775594,0.00008943633,0.0001695234,0.00004335057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001825155,0.0002870659,0.0002841295,0.0003595473,0.00002076709,0.00007495912,0.0000513796,0.0002992579,0.0001205035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007144443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001973463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000374402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001027581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988487,0.00004867722,0.0005499708,0.0002384723,0.0001507405,0.0001634829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995279,0.00006694555,0.0001394277,0.0001949657,0.00002449313,0.00004630665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[5.356852e-7,0.000007455551,0.000001404561,0.5462863,0.0003048872,0.000007238377,0.0000753958,0.000004664776,0.00007105726,0.00004275081,0.0005265156,0.4526718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005190487,0.00003132822,2.934675e-7,0.287176,0.003622168,0.000043305,0.00001102976,0.0000206861,0.00003727216,0.000005131465,0.7087414,0.0002594823],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000869908,0.9979659,0.00001153092,0.000008555107,0.0003037991,0.0005187567,0.00002228185,0.0002427084,0.0008394755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002068738,0.9989812,0.000392142,0.000007822081,0.00007120056,0.0000759894,0.00006472853,0.00008180103,0.0003043757],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7082149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386849794","doi":"10.1007/s13243-023-00133-0","title":"Repair of additive manufactured thin-wall geometry using electrospark deposition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of remanufacturing","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Deposition (geology); Thin film; Substrate (aquarium); Porosity; Welding; Composite material; Wafer; Scrap; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jihui Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Chan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nigel Scotchmer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peng Peng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01109869978931301,"gpt":0.2266937339089775,"spread":0.2155950341196645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002774311,0.0001926212,0.0003566847,0.0004060525,0.00006634827,0.00002114166,0.0001226327,0.00009834007,0.0000504891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003453479,0.0001694418,0.0002732788,0.0002743709,0.00001948827,0.0002983599,0.00002430757,0.0002878943,0.00001148923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001807511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002382714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001517898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004964517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986982,0.00003002438,0.0005048196,0.0001107801,0.0003601339,0.0002960015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992917,0.0001300786,0.0002748193,0.0001453134,0.0000772603,0.00008087495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002894789,0.0001185882,0.009139017,0.0005655091,0.00199237,0.0007145347,0.003222164,0.5910797,0.37606,0.00003910997,0.004696814,0.01208271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005273288,0.0001395026,0.02369461,0.0002478514,0.0001294039,0.0001376982,0.000248707,0.01178369,0.9623144,0.0001933016,0.0003848341,0.0001987263],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974316,0.0003889833,0.001149659,0.00002015846,0.0003253749,0.00008487958,0.000004956402,0.0002217224,0.0003726292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955486,0.0002272791,0.003963199,0.00001466297,0.0001371334,0.000001083134,0.000006381388,0.00004087195,0.00006077626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5862544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6909635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410278341","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115139","title":"Microstructure characterization of AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy coating on Inconel 718 by electrospark deposition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Characterization","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; UNIDEMI; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Inconel; Alloy; Metallurgy; Coating; Characterization (materials science); Superalloy; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Jihui Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.G. Lopes","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Chan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nigel Scotchmer","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.P. Oliveira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peng Peng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002466562533864785,"gpt":0.1789357519951488,"spread":0.176469189461284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008938863,0.0002747609,0.0003491834,0.0001339923,0.00009969026,0.0001287395,0.0001132848,0.0001716982,0.0001570143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001472309,0.0002852528,0.0000391202,0.000236039,0.00002300643,0.0002911331,0.00002231394,0.00007221739,0.00001932866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001674368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002161617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001277332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987804,0.00006696565,0.0005116278,0.0002495732,0.0001395761,0.0002518717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999454,0.00002464441,0.0002207433,0.0001965665,0.00007142425,0.00003259823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008640451,0.0000388192,0.001153769,0.0001325861,0.00005528393,6.879431e-7,0.0001089853,0.00004881708,0.9973432,0.0003588916,0.00005305312,0.0006194321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005655533,0.00006528388,0.04826471,0.0001408345,0.00004081826,0.000001168465,0.00000697779,0.0005399389,0.949976,0.00004006222,0.0001587811,0.00019988],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933671,0.000009657864,0.00445547,0.00009685659,0.0009044873,0.0004179376,0.0004153921,0.0002773181,0.00005579734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904718,0.00008566531,0.0001462768,0.000155022,0.00008962551,0.00005805525,0.008769883,0.00004844398,0.0001752599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04736728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093174046","doi":"10.1007/s11223-015-9644-0","title":"Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Bionic Compacted Graphite Cast Iron Treated with the Twice Laser Process in Water","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Strength of Materials","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"MD Precision (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Austenite; Tearing; Cast iron; Graphite; Martensite; Composite material; Solid mechanics; Microstructure; Indentation hardness; Laser; Thermal; Metallurgy; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Y. Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hong Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chun Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jing Cheng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01674658169863333,"gpt":0.2255224795719607,"spread":0.2087758978733274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001333215,0.0001430742,0.0002443703,0.00005562177,0.00001440081,0.0000127373,0.0001104234,0.00004200528,0.00005547629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000561962,0.00007544638,0.00001697391,0.0001462056,0.00006186681,0.00008107771,0.000009799928,0.00003508194,0.000003572043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001860604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001118565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001438216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001951966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993097,0.00005130252,0.0002301409,0.00009621307,0.0001379057,0.0001747705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996572,0.00002645405,0.00006536606,0.0001652946,0.0000572656,0.00002839873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007179975,0.00009328627,0.008583502,0.0002763464,0.00008897769,0.000009023456,0.005545522,0.01077931,0.9737126,0.00001667057,0.0001213159,0.00005540847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009584385,0.00008478652,0.006863423,0.0001064454,0.00002618542,4.9217e-7,0.0006102254,0.00003156788,0.9911778,0.000009092009,0.00002981902,0.0001017416],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990557,0.00006574066,8.558887e-7,0.00004177693,0.00004047929,0.0001809675,0.00004003079,0.0000511954,0.0005232327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998036,0.000005213891,0.00003995541,0.000002491779,0.00001173934,0.0000180421,0.00003825057,0.00002062477,0.0000600916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01746514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3076614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973670389","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2019.8.006","title":"Effect of ultra-disperse powder in electrode coating on properties of welds in MMA welding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Coating; Electrode; Composite material; Powder coating; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Dmitry А. Chinakhov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergey V. Makarov","is_ca":false},{"name":"В. И. Данилов","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrey A. Galinsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Е. В. Верхотурова","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004093147220511233,"gpt":0.1916459970343471,"spread":0.1875528498138358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003233361,0.0002200008,0.0004103859,0.0002498363,0.000006826907,0.000006815463,0.0001145872,0.0001042552,0.00001417867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008094863,0.0002061494,0.00006695613,0.0003034489,0.000003384316,0.00008445427,0.00001283465,0.0002398987,0.000009089708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001112691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001173937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003280282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008946226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990043,0.00002346045,0.0003363637,0.00015687,0.0001604071,0.0003186047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999615,0.0001115968,0.00004367301,0.0001876082,0.00001364491,0.00002847131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002461835,0.00001500049,0.0005387955,0.0003661372,0.00001729336,0.000002049178,0.0004845064,0.4522057,0.5458723,0.0002136944,0.000001258271,0.0002586784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005825485,0.000268787,0.00004607776,0.0005369081,0.000007828185,0.000001216365,0.00007144916,0.2453472,0.7529835,0.000005711767,0.000007850746,0.0001408828],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984305,0.0003201833,0.0002896041,0.000004404423,0.0002251964,0.0003131183,0.000001380181,0.0001135106,0.0003021107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996864,0.00003149946,0.0001612479,0.000002629201,0.00001410951,0.00002441897,0.000001975287,0.00005477235,0.00002292327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2071112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8406526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2573210397","doi":"","title":"Nd:YAG Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy Castings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Castability; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Laser beam welding; Casting; Magnesium alloy; Electric resistance welding; Residual stress; Magnesium; Composite material; Aluminium","authors":[{"name":"X. Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Min Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Jahazi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yang Lin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00904690063851631,"gpt":0.1985459885909065,"spread":0.1894990879523902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000550382,0.00009451465,0.000107289,0.00003606421,0.00002244634,0.000009515525,0.00006929124,0.00003788016,0.0008771472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001135952,0.00009228356,0.00003927272,0.00008436563,0.00001312642,0.00008784173,0.0000145462,0.00005771404,0.0001188518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002798285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004614992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008572507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001261598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995141,0.000005184085,0.0001279477,0.00008433717,0.00009906387,0.000169394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997816,0.00003434144,0.00001977014,0.0001091795,0.00001755392,0.00003751947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000252658,0.0001024045,0.01903674,0.0002039748,0.00008292685,0.00002311993,0.002703787,0.08365134,0.8251358,0.0003188388,0.01513393,0.05358186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007860221,0.00006577688,0.002221814,0.00004034983,0.00005371898,0.000009775572,0.0002307025,0.03104346,0.9479454,0.0002188984,0.0170545,0.0003295869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9286903,0.00006953289,0.00005193549,0.000143649,0.00008254936,0.00004853963,0.000002026478,0.0001750109,0.07073652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928437,0.000006321508,0.005434465,0.0000262152,0.00007867853,0.00000629503,0.000002007965,0.00002185093,0.001580482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1228096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9604147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558112571","doi":"10.5539/mer.v6n2p48","title":"The Effect of the Slippage Degree at Rolling with Slipping on the Wear Resistance of Contact Surfaces","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechanical Engineering Research","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Slipping; Slippage; Materials science; Lubricant; Metallurgy; Slip (aerodynamics); Composite material; Wear resistance; Structural engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Tareq M. A. Al-Quraan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oksana O. Mikosyanchik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rudolph G. Mnatsakanov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02472325442448504,"gpt":0.2435025294905831,"spread":0.218779275066098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001925596,0.0001825141,0.0002352087,0.00004614217,0.0002210094,0.00002586539,0.0005651641,0.00007032872,0.00002616234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006999849,0.00006478027,0.00009959636,0.0003996625,0.00008086777,0.00004425593,0.0001255432,0.0003379044,0.00001281816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001464256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001512029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000129257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005312298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982111,0.0001754737,0.0002363316,0.0001784867,0.0007364117,0.0004621604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929352,0.006311313,0.00004181054,0.0005918503,0.00006689921,0.00005288042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004512678,0.00001372064,0.0008733881,0.0001963929,0.0002144027,0.000005285952,0.0001977805,0.01917755,0.9715159,0.005411665,0.0001923476,0.001750326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006944783,0.0003830799,0.001230508,0.0008889984,0.00001782396,0.000001348801,0.00005825513,0.01385516,0.9818581,0.00005641889,0.0008248173,0.0001310062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997438,0.0004508411,0.0005228875,0.0004568656,0.0001149935,0.0004375889,0.000005538872,0.00007853876,0.0004947221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999218,0.00008805233,0.00006692753,0.000001750356,0.00002653485,0.00005638562,2.032611e-7,0.00004361435,0.0004985183],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01034223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2641663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399538154","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.130994","title":"Surface functionalization of binder jetted steels through super-solidus liquid phase sintering and electro-spark deposition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Surface modification; Materials science; Solidus; Deposition (geology); Spark plasma sintering; Metallurgy; SPARK (programming language); Sintering; Phase (matter); Liquid phase; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Engineering; Computer science; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Mingzhang Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jihui Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peng Peng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohsen K. Keshavarz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mihaela Vlasea","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01019373262978235,"gpt":0.2464118544697024,"spread":0.2362181218399201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009521812,0.0002359393,0.0002646386,0.000112796,0.00009182774,0.00005214222,0.00006981927,0.0002264711,0.00003496681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000133551,0.0002366871,0.00003713508,0.0005280067,0.0001150548,0.0002854948,0.00004070508,0.000204198,0.00000722076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004926515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001728084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004142475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001479687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998969,0.00001824638,0.0002938291,0.0003114207,0.0001252842,0.0002822645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996364,0.00008116174,0.00004408726,0.0001427742,0.00006235563,0.00003321536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005586218,0.000038738,0.001148083,0.0002048097,0.0001125322,0.00001072015,0.0008095274,0.002048215,0.9904441,0.00144612,0.000211527,0.00346972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000868223,0.0007208344,0.00004154561,0.0002497051,0.0001034893,0.00007880884,0.0008621661,0.01388679,0.9804521,0.001022584,0.001376785,0.0003369272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805441,0.006972551,0.01036805,0.0003553158,0.0001483244,0.000202945,0.00001319433,0.0009735892,0.0004219319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970661,0.0007442706,0.001944904,0.00002353446,0.00001678378,0.00001147604,0.00003212395,0.0000481195,0.0001126451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01652204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9651822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083621562","doi":"10.35784/bud-arch.2173","title":"Preliminary identification and evaluation of parameters affecting the capacity of the operator-earthmoving machine system","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Budownictwo i Architektura","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Operator (biology); Identification (biology); Investment (military); Work (physics); Humidity; Computer science; Operations research; Engineering; Industrial engineering; Reliability engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Elżbieta Radziszewska–Zielina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna Sobotka","is_ca":true},{"name":"Edyta Plebankiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Krzysztof Zima","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0175625083416033,"gpt":0.2131487935497939,"spread":0.1955862852081906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006622951,0.0001153222,0.0001349779,0.00003599135,0.0001096476,0.00003475409,0.0001458862,0.00003270667,0.000008863764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008889513,0.00006675931,0.00005695027,0.0001508473,0.00007387214,0.000111535,0.00004898885,0.0001093587,0.000004211255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004031105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001155212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002971978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002357307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990028,0.0001901684,0.0002734208,0.0001185819,0.0002920071,0.0001230267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992182,0.0002387046,0.000116322,0.0003112702,0.00009326192,0.00002220897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003347257,0.00008745445,0.105287,0.001142459,0.0004305029,4.03727e-7,0.02188989,0.2053081,0.5262966,0.000758168,0.0001632628,0.1386027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004038806,0.00004857802,0.4473726,0.0002168738,0.0001695311,0.00001435298,0.001622368,0.4781081,0.07177403,0.0001370046,0.000004346712,0.0001283441],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979725,0.0004806392,0.0001218168,0.0000698713,0.0001509681,0.0007669893,0.000006428202,0.00005483962,0.0003758742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999571,0.000006795385,0.0003054653,0.000004704244,0.00001314393,0.00006858985,0.000003145933,0.00001429622,0.00001286283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4545225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2722366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387386812","doi":"10.5114/pr.2022.131065","title":"Validation of models of venous outflow from the cranial cavity in the supine and upright body positions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Phlebological Review","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supine position; Outflow; Body position; Medicine; Anatomy; Internal medicine; Physics; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Marian Simka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcin Skuła","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grzegorz Bielaczyc","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02803772303912434,"gpt":0.2425084460130361,"spread":0.2144707229739118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002833439,0.00006105748,0.0001911209,0.000007658171,0.00004953998,0.00000340258,0.000122137,0.00001537056,0.0001634166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000356999,0.00003199334,0.00004556582,0.000118021,0.00002733127,0.00002737697,0.0000351487,0.0001021021,0.000001244527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001361976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004409282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001092127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007107519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994128,0.0001606385,0.0001763089,0.00007039638,0.0001129631,0.00006683356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999563,0.0002552423,0.00003580234,0.000125972,0.00001078518,0.000009206952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006233571,0.0114055,0.08967339,0.009519832,0.001761748,0.00027141,0.04441377,0.2403798,0.1633877,0.1161,0.0159757,0.3064878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009242593,0.005479353,0.4942678,0.006475772,0.004559702,0.0001997926,0.002818323,0.1404402,0.0188761,0.281315,0.03342679,0.002898632],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662176,0.03194502,0.0001022484,0.0007952367,0.00002970688,0.000330493,0.00005090291,0.00001565985,0.0005131683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923427,0.007322457,0.00008612286,0.000138568,0.000008833677,0.00006241493,0.00003304319,0.000003291826,0.000002538451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4045944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1789297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1511770917","doi":"10.5539/mas.v9n6p64","title":"Obtaining Hardened Layers of Heat-Resistant Steels by Plasma-Welding Deposition of Congeneric Materials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Plasma; Hardening (computing); Deposition (geology); Layer (electronics); Polarity (international relations); Metallurgy; Composite material; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Yuri Shitsyn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Д С Белинин","is_ca":false},{"name":"С. Д. Неулыбин","is_ca":false},{"name":"П. С. Кучев","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01833204283858803,"gpt":0.2143575430679326,"spread":0.1960255002293445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003503384,0.0001184123,0.0002064054,0.00007487322,0.00005772687,0.00003638347,0.0001954427,0.00003705393,0.000007886531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001068816,0.0001131023,0.00001842699,0.0002504013,0.0001284236,0.0001244031,0.00003850255,0.00003152946,0.000004367385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009284354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004278013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003629257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003511512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989721,0.000008693954,0.0002411365,0.0001843876,0.0003606012,0.0002330353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996254,0.00002552855,0.00005536931,0.0001600037,0.00005225366,0.00008147865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000310287,0.00001148651,0.00005724032,0.00001972539,0.000007708453,5.241996e-7,0.001040935,0.04622672,0.9520038,0.00006034568,0.00003345439,0.0005069949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003566535,0.0000352147,0.00004591622,0.00001971214,0.0000118223,7.305413e-7,0.0003703773,0.06303681,0.9359003,0.0001104087,0.000007593759,0.0001044297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825894,0.00009907332,0.01374185,0.000006962741,0.0001047849,0.0001356363,0.00001385621,0.00008333323,0.003225084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972432,0.000005062556,0.002679401,0.000006187938,0.000007985612,0.00001819139,0.000004958541,0.00001481478,0.00002017008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01681008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4612179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969806451","doi":"10.6000/1927-5129.2014.10.63","title":"Methods of Measurement System Quality Assessment in Case of Two Devices","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Variance (accounting); Quality (philosophy); Sample (material); Industrial engineering; System of measurement; Regression analysis; Regression; Variance components; Coordinate-measuring machine; Reliability engineering; Data mining; Statistics; Engineering; Mathematics; Machine learning; Mechanical engineering; Accounting","authors":[{"name":"Krzysztof Kowal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michał Szymczak","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08356883192203324,"gpt":0.3773644680377026,"spread":0.2937956361156693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008539122,0.00009539341,0.0003794158,0.0001511292,0.0000370638,0.00001729645,0.0001867856,0.00002397559,0.000008285945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003160012,0.00006886864,0.00006617785,0.0003213791,0.00007769046,0.0001019721,0.00001649311,0.0001013703,4.484597e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001192533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007384639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001003681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001321341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983981,0.0001510753,0.0006963618,0.00008856161,0.0005308149,0.0001351465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990678,0.0002585305,0.0004250968,0.00009812612,0.0001045255,0.00004595926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005325867,0.0003465186,0.07155863,0.0013464,0.0002699112,0.00005327681,0.004385551,0.1232567,0.6015226,0.03019926,0.00005318673,0.1669548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005979137,0.001168792,0.07163472,0.001562575,0.00037746,0.0004394868,0.04743034,0.07897615,0.787845,0.003448912,0.0002900824,0.0008474002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735444,0.0002377451,0.01792368,0.00002167205,0.0001580318,0.00007874505,5.666673e-7,0.00001022608,0.00802496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453909,0.000003440137,0.05457023,0.000004299965,0.00002303175,0.000002878173,3.938241e-8,0.00000409528,0.00000106744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1863224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2959506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408981201","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.03.407","title":"Ablation behavior of in-situ Cr7C3-CrSi2 composite coating prepared by plasma spraying","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ceramics International","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Hebei Province Science and Technology Support Program; China Scholarship Council; Hebei University of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; In situ; Composite number; Coating; Plasma; Composite material; Ablation; Internal medicine; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Shitong Jia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hong‐jian Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xingyu Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanwei Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yu‐xuan Shao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yu‐duo Ma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pengyue Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shuo Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aimin Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huanhuan Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007765985549728331,"gpt":0.2452037294379349,"spread":0.2374377438882066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006393704,0.00009613828,0.0001103232,0.0001286077,0.0000252492,0.00003054641,0.0001289238,0.00005469892,0.00003135518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001822307,0.0001141636,0.0000367569,0.0001193762,0.00001698006,0.0001245296,0.00003163051,0.00009245554,0.000004878659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000189491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001200014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003087846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004746905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993762,0.000009077166,0.0002599541,0.0001160076,0.0001354505,0.0001033022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997209,0.00008008003,0.00005000105,0.00008012431,0.00005453444,0.00001435649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003956627,0.0001529379,0.4396998,0.00004577225,0.0001331441,0.000004955243,0.000959227,0.03587506,0.5062496,0.002748529,0.0007769907,0.01331442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002644288,0.00003586547,0.1210593,0.0003543861,0.00007385846,0.000005136867,0.0004988101,0.4162502,0.4567883,0.0005584005,0.001314137,0.0004172737],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9691384,0.0000585653,0.001622493,0.00003653737,0.0005015463,0.0001203267,0.0000201455,0.00007891618,0.02842305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997965,0.00001530401,0.001390929,0.00001446087,0.00001672008,0.00002194464,0.0001386002,0.00001168668,0.0004253211],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3803752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4655456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1483342855","doi":"10.1002/9780470291078.ch23","title":"Production Experience with a Pickle-Free Enameling System","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Ceramic engineering and science proceedings","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Standards Association","funders":"","keywords":"Frit; Cobalt; Metallurgy; Nickel; Production (economics); Materials science; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Alfred G. Carter","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. George Sinkovec","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008528323150895243,"gpt":0.171201027245253,"spread":0.1626727040943578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001442968,0.0004630758,0.0003395549,0.0003240735,0.0002509326,0.0001635977,0.0003521124,0.0001417473,0.000004603356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003705689,0.0004114913,0.00004046547,0.0002060182,0.0002767098,0.0004779215,0.00007821633,0.0003448145,0.000007687275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003165531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004526531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002703226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.698698e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982116,3.740344e-7,0.0002513268,0.0006028655,0.0004862144,0.0004476698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993746,0.00001294675,0.00006709068,0.0002272572,0.0001578729,0.000160218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002589846,0.0001425633,0.003401255,0.01873729,0.001293113,0.000583879,0.3288108,0.2009767,0.2642123,0.1105245,0.007168835,0.06388978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00385559,0.00129894,0.001326361,0.02182273,0.0007010984,0.008353868,0.01577709,0.7953857,0.08679798,0.0003922878,0.05180085,0.01248752],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8574495,0.00222889,0.00033937,0.00002852319,0.000902047,0.0005712304,0.000004076137,0.002452889,0.1360234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823646,0.0004980133,0.001898145,0.000004255855,0.0001904741,0.0000485464,0.00000189467,0.0001036638,0.01489043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.594409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402073912","doi":"10.14288/1.0063490","title":"Comparison of neural classifiers and conventional approaches to mode choice analysis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Pattern recognition (psychology)","authors":[{"name":"Stella Yu Wai Chow","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03974817206040141,"gpt":0.2119001293704519,"spread":0.1721519573100505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003371463,0.00003151332,0.0002367614,0.000057176,0.00005421144,0.00002327576,0.00008870024,0.00004345259,0.00002812479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004080097,0.0001070023,0.00008875532,0.0003201333,0.00005307716,0.0001147156,0.00001724774,0.00004851996,0.000001320766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002501888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005535093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007453615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04233719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995455,0.00001162515,0.0000837842,0.0001385098,0.0001144538,0.0001061774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999756,0.00002299518,0.00003653188,0.00008920583,0.00002686249,0.000068388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001103283,0.0001508906,0.6470845,0.00005384886,0.0004548583,0.000008161505,0.0007374848,0.02925854,0.0008670792,0.000007657107,0.001120177,0.3202457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003333636,0.00004983757,0.9140992,0.00001400211,0.0001747592,0.000001149204,0.0008686106,0.08431611,0.000007384414,0.00003187095,0.00001883043,0.00008483692],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974545,0.0001294895,0.001270436,0.00004668091,0.00001962124,0.00007859089,0.00003747924,0.0000482699,0.0009149116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99902,0.000008024892,0.000809203,0.000005860143,0.000004774486,1.511642e-7,0.00001879821,0.000003887576,0.0001293445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3201609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366699262","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4425274","title":"In-Situ Crfeconi Medium Entropy Alloying Coating Via Electrospark Powder Deposition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"In situ; Coating; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Powder coating; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Jihui Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kaiping Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pablo D. Enrique","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peng Peng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0090620743660267,"gpt":0.2285817986681156,"spread":0.2195197243020889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001221151,0.0005897711,0.000584962,0.0004047388,0.0001914621,0.0002098152,0.0004467672,0.0004182211,0.00003769666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004247303,0.0006247783,0.0002856878,0.0002954053,0.00002630379,0.0002749193,0.0001517582,0.00598271,0.0001431646],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003864812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009002708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001990745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003674045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947515,0.0001096128,0.0007451862,0.0004590515,0.0004697834,0.003464897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991186,0.0001197036,0.0002601366,0.0002974388,0.00007579058,0.0001283458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002461564,0.0003171439,0.02164501,0.0005858304,0.004391158,0.00054724,0.003675392,0.133158,0.8084559,0.008904971,0.001726794,0.0163464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008358165,0.00109124,0.006898805,0.002283712,0.001272652,0.002920012,0.004414667,0.05281088,0.2443332,0.6689579,0.0007004639,0.005958267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.964221,0.006176688,0.02450078,0.0007941955,0.002228016,0.0004979206,0.000003620634,0.0007245063,0.0008532978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904888,0.007394459,0.0003847859,0.00005244629,0.0007385498,0.00007050033,0.00006203738,0.0002034752,0.0006049933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.660053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W899774621","doi":"","title":"ZASTOSOWANIE METOD SZTUCZNEJ INTELIGENCJI DO KLASYFIKACJI WAD W ODLEWACH ZE STOPÓW Al-Si-Cu","year":2006,"lang":"pl","type":"article","venue":"Archiwum Odlewnictwa","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Theology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"L. A. Dobrzański","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Krupiński","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. H. Sokołowski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009005711310030409,"gpt":0.2155801392974034,"spread":0.206574427987373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007524609,0.001677899,0.001413461,0.0006167148,0.0006115648,0.0004860715,0.001325242,0.0005177287,0.001927335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001544927,0.001727713,0.0008958415,0.001178393,0.0003369118,0.0006301156,0.000570788,0.001404391,0.005183023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005913022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002414428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003918563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001128176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926661,0.000289478,0.001685011,0.001622674,0.001258409,0.002478292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996238,0.000726322,0.0003832884,0.00187689,0.0002081389,0.0005673459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001272337,0.00681149,0.1312626,0.002077548,0.006604581,0.002105218,0.02723413,0.06106368,0.1121855,0.07139438,0.2525592,0.3254293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01447306,0.003238372,0.08263994,0.002507471,0.003360171,0.0005352958,0.005175799,0.05485917,0.07068379,0.03206932,0.7178538,0.01260381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8326306,0.01328031,0.004205602,0.00204046,0.003813424,0.001501189,0.0002725458,0.001803231,0.1404526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804723,0.0009647348,0.004888944,0.0005080027,0.0009838737,0.0001426667,0.0002274211,0.000459802,0.01135224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4652946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415824349","doi":"10.1002/adem.202501186","title":"Electrospark‐Deposited AlCrFeCoNi High‐Entropy Alloy Coatings on Steel: Microstructure Evolution, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Response","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Engineering Materials","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Corrosion; Microstructure; Alloy; Coating; Indentation hardness; High entropy alloys; Carbon steel","authors":[{"name":"Jihui Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roozbeh Abbasi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoye Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peng Peng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003798203549133303,"gpt":0.1812827144849276,"spread":0.1774845109357943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001534093,0.0003613413,0.0003752932,0.0001327943,0.0001032158,0.0001005024,0.0001249371,0.0001526675,0.0000241622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001130218,0.0003352476,0.00003638243,0.0002072251,0.00002107062,0.000157111,0.00004780447,0.000141634,0.00001153852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002524712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000188115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001557182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002007431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987319,0.00004267941,0.000348603,0.0003291212,0.0001286179,0.0004190509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999478,0.00009826103,0.00004640572,0.0002597599,0.00004510316,0.00007239983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005547612,0.00001249594,0.00003264036,0.0001138068,0.00002992656,0.000005141768,0.00005013057,0.03010082,0.9675164,0.001379922,0.000115448,0.00008852854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070761,0.0001537345,0.002869259,0.0002889223,0.00003647603,0.000009094128,0.00001714392,0.002411656,0.9920853,0.00009721582,0.0006427572,0.0003177129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994391,0.000480298,0.002844354,0.00008708052,0.0008811969,0.0004040075,0.00002892401,0.0008717999,0.00001132437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965169,0.00008151324,0.002885138,0.00006130397,0.00003688551,0.00008800484,0.00003168484,0.00007046467,0.0002280346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02768916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W38802263","doi":"10.1002/ecy.4330","title":"Structure and phase structure of electro-spark Zr coatings on titanium alloys","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Challenges of Modern Technology","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Indentation hardness; Titanium; Metallurgy; Saturation (graph theory); Phase (matter); Titanium alloy; Layer (electronics); Composite material; Chemistry; Alloy","authors":[{"name":"Irina Smolina","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01329659919974804,"gpt":0.2354210961197559,"spread":0.2221244969200079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003328976,0.000205182,0.0003228231,0.000167338,0.00002380527,0.000002514648,0.0001519784,0.0003296022,0.00002651111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002036186,0.0001862405,0.00003238036,0.00009344739,0.00009839697,0.00007160648,0.00004044655,0.0002293757,0.000001173886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002666082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005717031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002006482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001127411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992269,0.000009198156,0.0001895431,0.0001612997,0.0001121454,0.0003009332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995258,0.00004193471,0.00008103572,0.0002733936,0.00003550089,0.00004236957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003429547,0.00008120539,0.0009747948,0.0001677389,0.0001116887,0.000001224363,0.001094679,0.0001533682,0.9185319,0.01013154,0.00007262171,0.06864497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009949568,0.0004363876,0.0003888251,0.00004540164,0.00004423742,0.00001567852,0.0004189342,0.0009163854,0.9857225,0.01059637,0.0002162113,0.0002040572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808107,0.0177839,0.0001953839,0.0002606761,0.00007974597,0.0001267044,0.00002938305,0.0002451057,0.0004684179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976376,0.001073822,0.001197212,0.000006746415,0.00003040249,0.000004261547,0.000005984693,0.00003625425,0.000007709378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06844091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7594669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361008150","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-107-1-13-19","title":"Study of frictional properties, long-term (cyclic) strength of materials of brake pads of motor vehicles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PROBLEMS OF TRIBOLOGY","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fretting; Fatigue limit; Brake; Brake pad; Metallurgy; Carbide; Tempering; Lubricant; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"V.D. Makarenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oleh Kliuiev","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. A. Voitovych","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yu. Ye. Mieshkov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yu. V. Маkarenko","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03536673077367291,"gpt":0.241266868606197,"spread":0.2059001378325241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000186287,0.000131056,0.000561288,0.0001787299,0.00001191346,0.000001624923,0.0001622492,0.00008745801,0.00005904812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003864488,0.0001118721,0.00006297899,0.0002314429,0.00007181611,0.00004966871,0.00006261473,0.00004617405,0.000002074649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001247972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002119032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000257367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005778454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987618,0.00005298233,0.0007236995,0.0001283585,0.0001740776,0.0001590918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992927,0.0001015805,0.0002810372,0.0001956923,0.0001083667,0.00002063609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009431639,0.000493071,0.1387141,0.0008551486,0.0003164972,0.000001279441,0.001330499,0.00252407,0.8549868,0.00006194631,0.00003106323,0.0005911601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001269776,0.0009519743,0.1782004,0.0001159328,0.00007410861,0.000001180192,0.0003016322,0.0001071891,0.8188223,0.00006950081,0.000004830837,0.00008110524],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988652,0.0003144054,0.000005958206,0.00001257821,0.0001322816,0.000441921,0.0001083679,0.00005294377,0.00006636003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996298,0.00009439333,0.0001110516,5.448653e-7,0.00001281116,0.00004591765,0.00002441702,0.00002076424,0.00006032678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0394863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.456201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7139861190","doi":"","title":"Визначення особливості спрямування та розподілу інтерметалевої фази в евтектиці матеріалу зварного шва після електронно-променевого зварювання сплавів титану та ніобію","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Welding; Boride; Alloy; Electron beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Scanning electron microscope","authors":[{"name":"Петро Іванович Лобода","is_ca":false},{"name":"Анастасія Костянтинівна Зворикіна","is_ca":false},{"name":"Едуард Леонович Вржижевський","is_ca":false},{"name":"Тетяна Глібівна Таранова","is_ca":false},{"name":"Валерій Анатолійович Костін","is_ca":false},{"name":"Володимир Леонідович Зворикін","is_ca":true},{"name":"Леонід Олегович Зворикін","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06572707599587377,"gpt":0.3066333373537755,"spread":0.2409062613579017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001368934,0.0007866643,0.0008529978,0.0009617732,0.001291492,0.0003286786,0.002029085,0.0003968612,0.002219182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003435554,0.0006909028,0.0005079794,0.002542106,0.001557679,0.001227267,0.0007803934,0.0006103437,0.001525878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004909821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003611026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003186848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006355281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942731,0.0002813124,0.0008303673,0.00111137,0.002304994,0.001198805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996789,0.0006692192,0.0003349032,0.000969489,0.0009418559,0.0002955782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002609531,0.002609194,0.01654887,0.001753583,0.004106583,0.001256272,0.07306872,0.09871843,0.09174244,0.3471241,0.3324362,0.02802608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003986397,0.0007553705,0.0184075,0.0002452468,0.0004484459,0.00009679311,0.03467844,0.01815923,0.01573142,0.01360274,0.8913244,0.002564012],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9548059,0.0007703424,0.0001743417,0.004639645,0.002197654,0.0007714347,0.0006190042,0.001544643,0.03447703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8453512,0.0004179334,0.0006353362,0.00007205765,0.0003610812,0.00001357757,0.0006260918,0.00008883069,0.1524339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5588883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7037707521","doi":"","title":"Electro-spark Deposition Process for Fine Structures and New Materials Coating","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Inconel; Coating; Deposition (geology); Layer (electronics); Substrate (aquarium); Electrode; Electrical conductor; Raw material; Scrap; Process (computing)","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01221585749917626,"gpt":0.2117295855252132,"spread":0.199513728026037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003884712,0.0002006804,0.0002904407,0.0001232141,0.0001158892,0.00002809736,0.00009927041,0.0001781023,0.00004017857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006643631,0.0002340461,0.00005025328,0.0001009592,0.00001270859,0.0001210368,0.00000970883,0.00007133057,0.000005422989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003633215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002562829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004735907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01284152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993955,0.000008843042,0.00009406485,0.0001928336,0.0001082664,0.0002004964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.00003307054,0.00009579913,0.00008636851,0.00005628233,0.00005134138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005767078,0.00002167875,0.0003948677,0.004741929,0.0005559404,0.00002023773,0.1423528,0.001798392,0.8335612,0.0001581674,0.003808876,0.01200922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001744319,0.0002651831,0.004019238,0.000593048,0.0005376576,0.000003747081,0.07508498,0.001269425,0.9141471,0.001592792,0.00005159901,0.0006908934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989292,0.0001266123,0.00003545571,0.00004748147,0.0002137324,0.0003273458,0.00004492354,0.0002240639,0.0000511829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8888923,0.0001283599,0.001933704,0.000002763399,0.00009066989,0.000003203184,0.002764886,0.00009300927,0.1060911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1100369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9544123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2986684989","doi":"","title":"Clinical trial protocol: The effects of a high or low plane of nutrition and an additional NSAID on wound healing and inflammation in 3-4-week-old calves disbudded via cautery","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Atrium (University of Guelph)","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Wound healing; Inflammation; Surgery; Clinical trial; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Cassandra N. Reedman","is_ca":false},{"name":"T.F. Duffield","is_ca":false},{"name":"T.J. DeVries","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Lissemore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suzanne Parsons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charlotte B. Winder","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0156627208024323,"gpt":0.2413657517621413,"spread":0.225703030959709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002130209,0.00007647235,0.0001979614,0.00005666539,0.00003929259,0.00000534055,0.00008172131,0.00006616646,0.0000654996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002584052,0.00005600941,0.00003786598,0.00009116807,0.00008658696,0.0001407232,0.00002622229,0.00009298895,0.000001269859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001671779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001196316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002470447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001142086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994653,0.00009489057,0.0001540813,0.00009505976,0.0001161646,0.00007444307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989745,0.0007465067,0.0001091709,0.0001255183,0.00002192117,0.00002239393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.2384203,0.006079617,0.03084477,0.01723974,0.001661396,0.0001074231,0.03341788,0.0101764,0.5677956,0.004056944,0.00325589,0.08694405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.1239818,0.0107033,0.8057016,0.002319083,0.0003156297,0.000009632021,0.003933021,0.03599604,0.01318881,0.002937977,0.0003356468,0.0005774706],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934171,0.0000103234,0.00002997464,0.00007894032,0.00005186122,0.006335526,0.00003857946,0.00001627403,0.00002146069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996169,0.00002108651,0.0001788967,0.000004101082,0.0000467989,0.00005626132,0.00004301604,0.000005564555,0.00002734645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7748569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2283997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416371749","doi":"10.2316/j.2026.206-1167","title":"THE PREDICTION OF THE WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC OUTPUT COEFFICIENTS OF ORDOS ZERO-CARBON INDUSTRIAL PARK BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS. 11-18","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Robotics and Automation","topic":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Industrial park; Artificial neural network; Wind speed; Wind power","authors":[{"name":"Xiong Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kai Kang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunlong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wen Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cunwei Cao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01380371856394519,"gpt":0.2230651723500099,"spread":0.2092614537860647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001549709,0.00006429095,0.00009109408,0.00007271361,0.00003853587,0.00003296502,0.00009535618,0.00004267152,0.00000116244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006403084,0.00004039391,0.00003798683,0.00008979193,0.0000371411,0.00004683317,0.00001654532,0.00009320381,2.216609e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003466169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001903771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007633153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000214789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993538,0.00002744575,0.000291847,0.00004094682,0.0002340522,0.0000519504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994386,0.0001666946,0.000194956,0.00005057919,0.000135176,0.00001392576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004307931,0.00002301553,0.07483448,0.000006123342,0.00006516514,4.190477e-7,0.00004511341,0.9165061,0.0006415718,0.00007311891,0.00009478693,0.007667008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007664777,0.00005600283,0.06795149,0.0001857723,0.00003578351,0.000002179692,0.00002739112,0.9293419,0.001489956,0.00008973264,0.0000294583,0.00002388829],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904743,0.00009850946,0.007799033,0.0001977949,0.001235958,0.00008925551,0.000005099766,0.000008433068,0.00009158505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999797,0.00003602368,0.00007842045,0.00001451215,0.00004933682,6.161565e-7,0.000002010521,0.000004278716,0.00001777441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01283576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1647216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}