{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":425,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":425,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"325922c628b3","filters":{"topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering"}},"results":[{"id":"W1575923498","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-05086-6","title":"Topology Optimization: Theory, Methods, and Applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5761,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Truss; Topology (electrical circuits); Isotropy; Index (typography); Computer science; General topology; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics; Discrete mathematics; Structural engineering; Topological space; Finite element method; Combinatorics; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01068767017275906,"gpt":0.253584747123743,"spread":0.2428970769509839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001721909,0.0002898883,0.0003150638,0.0002123877,0.00005481777,0.00001577056,0.0001869308,0.0005302952,0.002817838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001100913,0.0003150629,0.0000441245,0.00006797015,0.0001560429,0.00006376421,0.00006419597,0.000307105,0.00005686368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006399379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003207723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.613948e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.66054e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991705,0.00003575897,0.0002807399,0.0002622444,0.00004782809,0.0002029272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992797,0.0001712873,0.00004098178,0.0003783885,0.00004390587,0.00008576315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[9.926728e-7,0.000002782007,5.714919e-7,0.00007141296,0.0001000328,8.886271e-7,0.00005114898,0.5175292,0.000002029265,0.4660969,0.008624236,0.007519801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001498247,0.00001409916,0.000001584182,0.00001709972,0.0001109264,0.00005722723,0.00001654682,0.1073593,0.00006808102,0.04292458,0.8487384,0.0005423289],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[8.443745e-9,0.001333788,0.5248662,0.00001021396,0.0002176078,0.0001690249,0.000008310629,0.0005602287,0.4728346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000004268062,0.0008990373,0.5592725,0.00005296809,0.0003056765,0.0001682283,0.00008277253,0.0001214969,0.439093],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8401142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2541984449","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.10.021","title":"Role of anisotropic properties on topology optimization of additive manufactured load bearing structures","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scripta Materialia","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Topology optimization; Anisotropy; Load bearing; Materials science; Topology (electrical circuits); Process (computing); Bearing (navigation); Mechanical engineering; Engineering drawing; Computer science; Structural engineering; Composite material; Mathematics; Engineering; Finite element method; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007859312796116614,"gpt":0.1910431522004201,"spread":0.1831838394043034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003729665,0.000155127,0.000240034,0.0001072475,0.0000223624,0.000009607252,0.0001453393,0.0001259492,0.002265503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005759908,0.0001169699,0.00003244311,0.00005881887,0.0001136866,0.000125025,0.00003394939,0.00004280138,0.000008699468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007167649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001552377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002158927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003014536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992343,0.00002695564,0.0002895092,0.0001459977,0.0001178227,0.0001854416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996051,0.000004836064,0.00007281241,0.0002158989,0.00007091987,0.00003043401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000997946,0.00001634069,0.00009810231,0.0001258686,0.0001112167,0.000001335509,0.0005307569,0.1775959,0.8096012,0.004821172,0.005904737,0.001093573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004862777,0.00009782867,0.001794456,0.0001121027,0.00001913608,0.000004391638,0.0001089271,0.006770578,0.9856048,0.0005243793,0.004278127,0.0001990404],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8187989,0.0007218159,0.1163054,0.0002316015,0.05109698,0.001259197,0.002514265,0.001521596,0.007550237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915147,0.00003742378,0.007534237,0.000008991921,0.00008584622,0.00001995503,0.000022416,0.00003894927,0.0007374692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1760036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737820799","doi":"10.1145/3072959.3073619","title":"Design and volume optimization of space structures","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"Google; Nvidia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Soundness; Relaxation (psychology); Integer programming; Bilinear interpolation; Optimization problem; Linear programming; Nonlinear programming; Sequential quadratic programming; Space (punctuation); Algorithm; Quadratic programming; Mathematics; Nonlinear system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0142098417509539,"gpt":0.2260497251180918,"spread":0.2118398833671379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006130824,0.0001084647,0.0001140752,0.0001607608,0.000196486,0.00003164704,0.0002005016,0.0001125897,0.00004903564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003228791,0.0001214577,0.0000286156,0.0000800241,0.0001256547,0.000170964,0.00000338218,0.0001490942,9.127002e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009769393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005989263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005784544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002609083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995719,0.00001205841,0.0001246968,0.0001060975,0.00007567905,0.000109602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993299,0.00005439547,0.00003749791,0.0005021078,0.00003601624,0.00004007449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004686212,0.000005697818,0.00009891602,0.00002158448,0.00003677309,5.112898e-7,0.00008091301,0.998067,0.0001567218,0.0005704438,0.00002934132,0.0009273621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002488628,0.00003365276,0.001783206,0.00001471415,0.00003383808,0.000006656193,0.00001716782,0.9927263,0.003817942,0.001084973,0.00009479412,0.0001379247],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00350371,0.0000768714,0.9955413,0.0001855616,0.0003116401,0.0001056764,0.000007715718,0.0001583175,0.0001091861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7724871,0.0004340936,0.2269958,0.000008577435,0.000009564616,0.000009072036,0.000001496783,0.00002521033,0.00002906956],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7689834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4952901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911780128","doi":"10.1115/1.4042617","title":"Design and Optimization of Graded Cellular Structures With Triply Periodic Level Surface-Based Topological Shapes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mechanical Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province; China Scholarship Council; Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province; Government of Jiangsu Province; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Parametric statistics; Homogenization (climate); Robustness (evolution); Finite element method; Scaling; Topology (electrical circuits); Tensor (intrinsic definition); Parametric design; Surface (topology); Mathematics; Biological system; Geometry; Structural engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02677375314701461,"gpt":0.2110396017738566,"spread":0.184265848626842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004709747,0.0001912693,0.0004305529,0.000136753,0.000030834,0.00002582815,0.0001797275,0.000195749,0.0002317008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007734966,0.0001467495,0.00004707864,0.0001949742,0.00005764047,0.0001419125,0.0000132477,0.0002846251,0.000001091134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000455944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006211112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.467302e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.608464e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987795,0.0001463354,0.0004861638,0.0001315431,0.0002624775,0.000194013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991559,0.0003194459,0.0001752269,0.0001103389,0.0001318259,0.0001072704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001739301,0.00001833306,0.00002369765,0.00004463261,0.00006102451,0.0000116142,0.00003774548,0.941205,0.05756196,0.0007612515,0.00002322035,0.00007764717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001314561,0.0007320594,0.00007184265,0.00005440394,0.00005642329,0.00006602264,0.00003560883,0.9376301,0.05935368,0.0005121466,0.000008395083,0.0001647532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05968655,0.0004251948,0.9393554,0.00004913463,0.0001906398,0.0002323116,0.000002063066,0.00005020411,0.000008552722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5443853,0.00003341457,0.4555226,0.00001317117,0.0000172816,0.000001037117,6.49482e-7,0.00002087819,0.000005682562],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4846988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5984271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107055024","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2020.113453","title":"Stress constrained multi-material topology optimization with the ordered SIMP method","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Shandong University","keywords":"Topology optimization; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Interpolation (computer graphics); Norm (philosophy); Topology (electrical circuits); Constraint (computer-aided design); Stress (linguistics); Optimization problem; Applied mathematics; Finite element method; Computer science; Geometry; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01410193640288695,"gpt":0.2577615404320338,"spread":0.2436596040291469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003248102,0.0002931538,0.0003604646,0.0001117996,0.00005105335,0.0000560022,0.0002109827,0.0001666434,0.00002619876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002134914,0.0002530512,0.00002533385,0.0003455602,0.00002218964,0.00005489431,0.0001032523,0.0003280474,6.643005e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003155108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001061386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001601972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001181495,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989271,0.0000543319,0.0002930736,0.0003092084,0.00007848881,0.000337773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994282,0.0002159448,0.00003759003,0.0001859956,0.00002177899,0.0001105182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001061869,0.000005728329,0.000001529825,0.00009025636,0.0000461142,0.000004672713,0.0004899376,0.9760638,0.005328593,0.01127205,0.00001115729,0.006675505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006978547,0.00003254043,0.000007136789,0.0000166488,0.00001994198,0.00001581138,0.0001004455,0.9948437,0.003470348,0.0000437173,0.0004677988,0.0002840698],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002529761,0.00008002829,0.9981009,0.0002098016,0.0004828045,0.0003130129,0.00001003617,0.0004890924,0.00006138184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03985012,0.00004372156,0.9596687,0.0001324373,0.000147386,0.00006588308,0.000014261,0.00007638305,0.000001130979],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03959714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802201251","doi":"10.1007/s00158-018-1953-z","title":"Multi-material topology optimization for practical lightweight design","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Topology optimization; Minification; Mathematical optimization; A priori and a posteriori; Compliant mechanism; Computer science; Engineering design process; Topology (electrical circuits); Statement (logic); Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02029112755350294,"gpt":0.2835320251327119,"spread":0.2632408975792089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001137327,0.0002755449,0.0002368417,0.0001482373,0.0004052695,0.00006188753,0.0000962405,0.0002476064,0.0002797107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007974491,0.0002595049,0.00003917103,0.0001673383,0.0002225881,0.0004786303,0.00006417593,0.0001037538,0.000003602328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005604224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000269074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001734425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002740641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988245,0.00004545329,0.0003483341,0.0003392022,0.00008590482,0.0003565697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993936,0.00009839915,0.00006483564,0.0001722153,0.0001602696,0.0001107125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008891363,0.000008334197,0.00004255322,0.00004958495,0.0000318915,0.000001501609,0.000371698,0.9973105,0.001187508,0.000496615,0.000163646,0.0002472221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000887753,0.0001763563,0.0001873279,0.00001196665,0.00005963585,0.00005981759,0.00007502684,0.9947305,0.003272688,0.0001562127,0.00006382071,0.0003189321],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.008726495,0.00006156934,0.9873617,0.0002806648,0.002299396,0.0006346836,0.00004164029,0.0005085481,0.00008536053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1733466,0.00007697755,0.8256892,0.00001687202,0.0004792826,0.00007722967,0.0001908804,0.00005918396,0.00006381449],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1646201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053184804","doi":"10.1007/s00158-012-0780-x","title":"Stress-constrained topology optimization with design-dependent loading","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Compute Canada","keywords":"Topology optimization; Minification; Mathematical optimization; Stress (linguistics); Constraint (computer-aided design); Topology (electrical circuits); Network topology; Convergence (economics); Relaxation (psychology); Sizing; Mathematics; Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Finite element method; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01000081638666632,"gpt":0.2284088579656265,"spread":0.2184080415789601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001000286,0.0003002806,0.00022672,0.0001749926,0.0002718128,0.00004281819,0.00009745998,0.0001695765,0.0001874627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001658241,0.0002632658,0.00002484918,0.0002161126,0.0001454911,0.000754711,0.00005558543,0.0001735089,0.00000253763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007439618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001332512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003338255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001838265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988505,0.00004227632,0.0002781282,0.0002375806,0.0001308859,0.0004606417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994835,0.00006048876,0.00006145658,0.0001661088,0.00006116279,0.0001673004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002874923,0.000008001401,0.003211026,0.00005166812,0.00004282354,0.000002579751,0.0007203865,0.9949765,0.0002248787,0.0003838641,0.000007718883,0.0003418443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006461425,0.00006066379,0.001521916,0.00002511813,0.00006343312,0.0001338836,0.0003959812,0.9955927,0.001177802,0.00002815126,0.000002852973,0.0003514094],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04719444,0.0004433452,0.9501454,0.00006697925,0.000730591,0.0003518098,0.00002104842,0.0005191571,0.0005271909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6662959,0.0001039463,0.3332486,0.00000708885,0.000135876,0.00002653947,0.0000954023,0.00004489445,0.00004168031],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6191015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978838220","doi":"10.1007/s00158-014-1151-6","title":"Conceptual and detailed design of an automotive engine cradle by using topology, shape, and size optimization","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Conceptual design; Design for manufacturability; Engineering design process; Automotive industry; Stiffness; Durability; Engineering; Design engineer; Topology (electrical circuits); Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Finite element method; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00982751133849598,"gpt":0.2321433132521814,"spread":0.2223158019136854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001172068,0.0002500074,0.0002896886,0.00008004441,0.000186887,0.00002869502,0.00006638341,0.0001805443,0.00005301783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008771083,0.0002478866,0.00001559691,0.0001418014,0.0003414456,0.0004876754,0.00006814225,0.0001179386,8.965436e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002652802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008513227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006108523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001308568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990225,0.00007891481,0.0003054628,0.0002931962,0.00008283734,0.0002170399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994471,0.0001496363,0.00007922943,0.0001205731,0.00008819021,0.0001152369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002254071,0.000005508668,0.000333204,0.00004227685,0.00002530065,5.219441e-7,0.0008034125,0.9956296,0.002297254,0.0001172533,0.000004147475,0.000718997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008759312,0.000146247,0.001187606,0.00001881602,0.00006181339,0.00004391573,0.0003439357,0.9960982,0.0008860438,0.00007282649,0.000001688362,0.0002629613],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4344897,0.0003292351,0.5646521,0.00002391105,0.0001413138,0.0001982335,0.00001953519,0.0001312357,0.00001478712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6613725,0.0001457221,0.3383351,0.000007072166,0.00003526309,0.000006399146,0.0000557509,0.00003097794,0.00001122757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2268828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614801095","doi":"10.1016/j.cad.2017.05.003","title":"Deposition path planning-integrated structural topology optimization for 3D additive manufacturing subject to self-support constraint","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer-Aided Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Topology optimization; Design for manufacturability; Constraint (computer-aided design); Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematical optimization; Raster graphics; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Optimization problem; Path (computing); Engineering; Mathematics; Finite element method; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01590166867299286,"gpt":0.2454247899564972,"spread":0.2295231212835044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001685295,0.0003446386,0.0003555809,0.000213369,0.0004084997,0.0001906665,0.0003732783,0.0002235617,0.00009567107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000605607,0.000378855,0.00007481804,0.00005983474,0.00007493322,0.0003219439,0.00006714484,0.000203731,0.00001306105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002035781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004629099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007214744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001249513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985802,0.00005388614,0.0003831259,0.0003903394,0.0001122096,0.0004802137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989631,0.0002064978,0.0001230856,0.0004347633,0.000115646,0.000156953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003199227,0.00000784633,0.00003547089,0.00003429336,0.000102828,0.00003112025,0.0003498835,0.988733,0.0001812839,0.0001840383,0.001474985,0.008833267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000712997,0.0002458043,0.0005562839,0.00005676587,0.00003872862,0.000106349,0.00002894142,0.9838915,0.01358835,0.00009459397,0.0002764276,0.0004032067],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.009242772,0.00001751145,0.9866338,0.00004838572,0.001836978,0.0008567513,0.00006988391,0.001034399,0.0002595701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4247606,0.000004222125,0.5747057,0.00005991445,0.0002043789,0.00008770991,0.0001153414,0.00005162025,0.00001045435],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4155179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984707533","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.066","title":"Customization of Automotive Structural Components using Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Automotive industry; Topology optimization; Personalization; Rapid prototyping; Manufacturing engineering; Computer science; Constraint (computer-aided design); Quality (philosophy); Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006813350206688599,"gpt":0.2138463280073652,"spread":0.2070329778006766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005183582,0.0002041728,0.0002892686,0.0001869106,0.00004816501,0.00001200788,0.00009083145,0.0001547666,0.0003409576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002609823,0.0002214959,0.00003631606,0.0001208802,0.00008113997,0.0002445432,0.0000432869,0.0001558585,0.000005406306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009030771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001026633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001957019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003047693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999134,0.00002886532,0.0002841285,0.0002127875,0.0001117037,0.0002285072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995765,0.00006738576,0.0000827161,0.000146674,0.00007014736,0.00005658518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001101931,0.000005404476,0.0008733958,0.00005262409,0.00005824434,0.000001503568,0.0003552635,0.9937709,0.004351861,0.00005070625,9.605058e-7,0.0004681406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006378783,0.00002661776,0.003905382,0.00003778193,0.00002800242,0.00002562304,0.0001835214,0.9807201,0.01420832,0.00001000812,0.0000147894,0.0002019612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8809527,0.0001060077,0.1173804,0.00003087477,0.0006256602,0.0002421736,0.0000726843,0.0002185552,0.0003710381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7297124,0.00004318737,0.2699696,0.00001938506,0.00005388921,0.000002757528,0.0001244976,0.0000384708,0.00003576653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1525892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.903234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108362592","doi":"10.1007/s00158-004-0498-5","title":"Variable chromosome length genetic algorithm for progressive refinement in topology optimization","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Chromosome; Algorithm; Topology (electrical circuits); Genetic algorithm; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Filter (signal processing); Mathematics; Engineering; Genetics; Biology; Finite element method; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005988046633527588,"gpt":0.235775527333375,"spread":0.2297874806998474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006801181,0.0002524919,0.000239063,0.0002020825,0.0001690052,0.00003252474,0.0001031845,0.0001791707,0.000156927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001845547,0.0002556601,0.00002927741,0.0002454943,0.00007443261,0.0003355514,0.00005798562,0.0001271543,0.000001055438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001322812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001823192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003943318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004376161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988078,0.00002222033,0.0004006074,0.0003218046,0.0000888561,0.0003587123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999594,0.00004222706,0.00006248598,0.0001514535,0.00007335456,0.00007642423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001069048,0.00001138322,0.0001176225,0.00005818034,0.0000207063,0.000001904679,0.0002973772,0.9865918,0.00008144591,0.0003158839,0.00002410072,0.01246888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001179551,0.00007481649,0.0005938736,0.00002541706,0.00003033683,0.00003948762,0.00008596072,0.9972568,0.0001859228,0.0001499933,0.00008536594,0.0002925199],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0134559,0.0009744464,0.9836121,0.000188967,0.0005595128,0.0007275191,0.00004435166,0.0002730839,0.0001641667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06514408,0.0002034873,0.9337859,0.0000176522,0.0002498207,0.000205964,0.0002587398,0.00005168443,0.00008264636],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05168819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767181815","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2017.10.011","title":"A new multi-material level set topology optimization method with the length scale control capability","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Topology optimization; Level set (data structures); Topology (electrical circuits); Level set method; Set (abstract data type); Representation (politics); Void (composites); Property (philosophy); Function (biology); Signed distance function; Component (thermodynamics); Mathematics; Material properties; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Algorithm; Structural engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Finite element method; Materials science; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02217900919353693,"gpt":0.2867334427603234,"spread":0.2645544335667865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000875633,0.0003092841,0.0004048115,0.0001217249,0.0001618114,0.0001338418,0.000391078,0.0002030282,0.00001514278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003212639,0.0002654777,0.00003463643,0.000098688,0.00002832605,0.00008818311,0.0001795008,0.000330049,6.311521e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006089594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001830757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002025213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001523449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988345,0.0000590695,0.0002895316,0.0003500075,0.00008894071,0.000377953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990208,0.0001885819,0.00006686807,0.0005886166,0.00002467323,0.0001104731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001406361,0.000005409697,0.00001063307,0.00004543421,0.0000457408,0.000001602628,0.0002776276,0.975539,0.002360617,0.005351078,0.00002430347,0.01632452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011513,0.00002380586,0.0002374364,0.00001892501,0.00002799404,0.00002273,0.00002946555,0.995837,0.001736116,0.0002167729,0.0004016474,0.0002968185],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004370067,0.00005655872,0.9976302,0.0001236858,0.001046904,0.0003802617,0.00001225621,0.0002447347,0.00006834412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0694143,0.00003074695,0.9301696,0.00003367236,0.000196773,0.00007125289,0.000005658122,0.00006998966,0.000007978787],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06897729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073367830","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2013.01.029","title":"Optimal damping layout in a shell structure using topology optimization","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Loss factor; Constrained-layer damping; Vibration; Modal; Topology (electrical circuits); Finite element method; Maximization; Shell (structure); Modal analysis; Viscoelasticity; Control theory (sociology); Constraint (computer-aided design); Structural engineering; Vibration control; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Physics; Geometry; Acoustics; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008309589140189614,"gpt":0.2194483783825604,"spread":0.2111387892423708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066329,0.00008390361,0.0001367557,0.0002046888,0.00003249913,0.00005386757,0.00004482639,0.00010128,0.000115107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002375539,0.00008198077,0.00001808153,0.0001173582,0.00002458286,0.0006488354,0.000009377697,0.0001597684,6.135394e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004961632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001038894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004319432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000288813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994525,0.00001710097,0.0002996418,0.00005682508,0.00006209914,0.0001118098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999765,0.0000243959,0.00007522806,0.00004365248,0.00005387832,0.00003785357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002599379,0.000003340996,0.001607518,0.00001567792,0.00001051698,0.000001574053,0.0003572464,0.9913616,0.006386359,0.0001186314,0.00001239396,0.0001225695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002880096,0.00002435033,0.001299963,0.00002100411,0.000008226307,0.0001036627,0.0002149369,0.9971324,0.0005273381,0.0002896393,0.00001054541,0.00007989113],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.531446,0.0001414194,0.4680611,0.00003582232,0.0002219647,0.00004096769,6.330796e-7,0.00001377125,0.00003831728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8943377,0.00003382455,0.1054557,0.00002309974,0.0001300036,5.548546e-7,0.000002646675,0.0000134102,0.000003055485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3628917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3343079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200017075","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2021.114380","title":"Residual stress constrained self-support topology optimization for metal additive manufacturing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Engines; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Shandong University","keywords":"Topology optimization; Residual stress; Finite element method; Interpolation (computer graphics); Residual; Topology (electrical circuits); Sensitivity (control systems); Process (computing); Mathematical optimization; Benchmark (surveying); Stress (linguistics); Sheet metal; Distortion (music); Structural engineering; Computer science; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Algorithm; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01066933598160286,"gpt":0.2558941014776484,"spread":0.2452247654960455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003593879,0.0002973098,0.0004181326,0.0002358737,0.00005165596,0.00004424573,0.0001254408,0.0002340871,0.00004420631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003166462,0.0003745401,0.00005146194,0.0001776012,0.00001250879,0.00007858314,0.0001068043,0.0002767344,7.037002e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008116168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002475049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.460406e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.888917e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987189,0.00003037285,0.0003615629,0.000381828,0.0000793054,0.0004280437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992733,0.0003405261,0.00003786304,0.0002104174,0.00003790462,0.00009997286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003601331,0.00001264169,6.655881e-7,0.0001616113,0.00009517555,0.00001289956,0.0001939085,0.9487811,0.001948922,0.03606533,0.00002940609,0.0126947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006561308,0.00002277308,0.000007789774,0.00002579536,0.00003554044,0.00004572617,0.00007322052,0.9476906,0.04899256,0.000609795,0.001496626,0.0003434624],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005517054,0.0001528972,0.9968934,0.000031051,0.001215939,0.0002890494,0.00003716338,0.000559844,0.0002689674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01920054,0.0001814985,0.9800512,0.00003615883,0.0002086831,0.0001401889,0.0000905182,0.00008401638,0.000007208957],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04704364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W297198366","doi":"10.1007/s00158-015-1263-7","title":"3D level-set topology optimization: a machining feature-based approach","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Topology optimization; Feature (linguistics); Computer science; Topology (electrical circuits); Level set method; Engineering design process; Machining; Process (computing); Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Engineering; Finite element method; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02679199698317267,"gpt":0.2550602464621714,"spread":0.2282682494789987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001314066,0.000343592,0.0002828953,0.0002239225,0.0002462513,0.00006419743,0.0001633445,0.0002614256,0.00004823855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004962631,0.0003344537,0.0000432432,0.0003344841,0.0001462137,0.0003032198,0.00009217949,0.0002543142,0.000002197299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009224239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004208924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005554769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002457117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987332,0.00005636576,0.0002944152,0.0003767171,0.000177608,0.0003616452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993222,0.00003541232,0.00006467305,0.0002465704,0.0001154716,0.0002156761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003354252,0.000006067369,0.0007585763,0.00005806789,0.00002676764,0.000003473966,0.0006169285,0.9976667,0.00001616128,0.000248009,0.0002321841,0.0003335438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001172008,0.00006362581,0.0003764458,0.00001372494,0.00004395717,0.00008709676,0.0002909216,0.9973879,0.00004520026,0.0000542309,0.00007161289,0.0003932658],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.006779532,0.0005024531,0.9886009,0.0002015279,0.001022788,0.0003112374,0.00004884628,0.0006083005,0.001924459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3864258,0.00003219257,0.6125308,0.00002875987,0.0001610028,0.00003462516,0.0006099574,0.00005846368,0.0001183407],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3796463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770758745","doi":"10.1177/0954407017737901","title":"Multi-material topology optimization for automotive design problems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Automotive industry; Engineering optimization; Conceptual design; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Chassis; Topology (electrical circuits); Cantilever; Optimization problem; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Algorithm; Structural engineering; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0182782927389266,"gpt":0.2326568707738414,"spread":0.2143785780349148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007748851,0.0002899768,0.0005975037,0.0002673421,0.0001393651,0.0000464351,0.0008621538,0.0002682148,0.00002588781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001488383,0.0002533597,0.0002559731,0.0001680288,0.0001500723,0.0006376352,0.00009544076,0.0003290848,3.984673e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001268885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006104045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001565924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.633108e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981974,0.000007383976,0.001025704,0.0001657638,0.0002740542,0.0003297017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981661,0.00009819638,0.0006990653,0.0002195272,0.0007086701,0.0001083974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003061804,0.00004111367,0.00001049823,0.0003635844,0.0001564118,5.654261e-7,0.0001159127,0.95119,0.04499124,0.002821682,0.0001706304,0.0001077682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009281512,0.0001571159,0.00004127275,0.0003633174,0.0000895461,0.00004559961,0.00003852978,0.79583,0.2019189,0.00005636158,0.0003460999,0.0001850591],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02216329,0.0001188633,0.972313,0.0001074204,0.00446287,0.0006050675,0.00002915004,0.0001565796,0.00004378938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.770237,0.00008574039,0.229348,0.000003857482,0.0002123345,0.00004444711,0.000001622553,0.00005393355,0.00001313161],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7480737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053859368","doi":"10.1115/1.3005202","title":"Analogy of Strain Energy Density Based Bone-Remodeling Algorithm and Structural Topology Optimization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Analogy; Topology (electrical circuits); Strain energy density function; Computer science; Algorithm; Strain (injury); Energy minimization; Mathematics; Physics; Finite element method; Engineering; Structural engineering; Combinatorics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007134076849203948,"gpt":0.1966218424921295,"spread":0.1894877656429255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001781395,0.000200927,0.000461769,0.0005036058,0.0000397902,0.000007552061,0.0001326741,0.0002146972,0.00002904914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008398271,0.0002095915,0.000100199,0.0003013525,0.00006007371,0.0001724455,0.00003085742,0.0002533971,1.621533e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007057287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003128446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005603958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.726281e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987228,0.00002175295,0.0006918325,0.0001275297,0.0001798309,0.000256278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993436,0.00009997774,0.000139757,0.0001296874,0.0001416507,0.0001453786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007704423,0.000007126135,0.00001459305,0.00003417712,0.00005329152,0.00003770618,0.00003549749,0.9638485,0.03338581,0.0005366763,0.000008269065,0.002030702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005360066,0.00009031398,0.00008493473,0.00003212122,0.00002711216,0.0008656245,0.00001364073,0.9852887,0.01277059,0.0000766847,0.00004013373,0.000174179],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04780101,0.0005021891,0.9508694,0.00004504389,0.000644542,0.00003395585,0.00001086255,0.00008473714,0.000008226796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6997851,0.0001429043,0.2999145,0.00001401181,0.0001035509,8.648241e-7,0.00000493607,0.00003200883,0.000002122583],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.651984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8546893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979513045","doi":"10.1557/mrs.2019.231","title":"Imperfect architected materials: Mechanics and topology optimization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MRS Bulletin","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Imperfect; Topology (electrical circuits); Materials science; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003181670941620673,"gpt":0.1779862562203696,"spread":0.1748045852787489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009656256,0.0001374877,0.0001697411,0.0001038816,0.00002833047,0.00002262911,0.00008133295,0.0001266497,0.003250696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003004494,0.0001516146,0.00001562911,0.00008424261,0.00001557118,0.00002493657,0.00003860048,0.0001056813,0.0001733431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002687808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003859242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006739423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.117363e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993691,0.000029592,0.0001703312,0.0001630156,0.00005369869,0.000214223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997027,0.00004834956,0.00001997813,0.0001676969,0.00001800155,0.00004327008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005644328,0.000003321768,0.00005070137,0.00004009483,0.0000175744,0.000001711827,0.00007666939,0.9894006,0.008015383,0.001746576,0.0005037708,0.0001379905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008364388,0.00008505656,0.000238578,0.00003046827,0.00002145204,0.00008181684,0.00007175672,0.9710384,0.01126697,0.0001593753,0.01571166,0.0004580308],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3356328,0.0003756445,0.6560077,0.0006244276,0.002153945,0.000430005,0.00001895509,0.001287727,0.003468785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9603948,0.0001420914,0.03889983,0.00007987845,0.00007049853,0.00002546539,0.00002951607,0.0000670539,0.0002908694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.624762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921541726","doi":"10.1007/s40684-019-00075-8","title":"A Topology Optimization Method for Hybrid Subtractive–Additive Remanufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; University of Alberta","keywords":"Remanufacturing; Subtractive color; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Topology (electrical circuits); Offset (computer science); Upgrade; Topology optimization; Engineering drawing; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Finite element method; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004385115049874688,"gpt":0.2371255474216393,"spread":0.2327404323717646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003134087,0.0002780094,0.0004230163,0.001277315,0.00003424125,0.00003995806,0.0004783948,0.0002544931,0.00008601767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001243306,0.0002843955,0.0001193064,0.00008739946,0.00003924513,0.0003582565,0.0001014188,0.0004637699,0.000005476518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001240502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001916929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004669164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.897063e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985811,0.00001664988,0.0006090207,0.0002541123,0.0002389903,0.0003001801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988881,0.0003857662,0.0002109108,0.0001966196,0.0002322985,0.00008626657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005783288,0.00001528703,0.00004034217,0.00003582715,0.000263218,0.00002197326,0.00006147654,0.9662131,0.003102114,0.0004607686,0.0001224763,0.02960559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001504286,0.0002085444,0.0003602132,0.0001353625,0.00004773229,0.00120424,0.00008346599,0.7919861,0.1775335,0.0009426125,0.02560559,0.0003883831],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1083069,0.000280915,0.8876528,0.000483406,0.002549741,0.0002484026,0.00002811894,0.0002970279,0.0001526258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7771569,0.0002789735,0.2220437,0.00003018456,0.0002963441,0.0000225828,0.00001367083,0.00007145611,0.00008621383],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6688499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281763532","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123112","title":"Deep reinforcement learning for heat exchanger shape optimization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Solver; Shape optimization; Pressure drop; Heat transfer; Computational fluid dynamics; Reinforcement learning; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Parametric statistics; Artificial neural network; Topology optimization; Curse of dimensionality; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical optimization; Finite element method; Mechanics; Mathematics; Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008812605859114631,"gpt":0.2222847997075518,"spread":0.2134721938484372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001448277,0.00008904932,0.0001177518,0.0002047127,0.00007563296,0.0000262535,0.0001240989,0.00003118765,0.0007574585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000105816,0.00009486343,0.00006360852,0.00005127174,0.00001379685,0.0001659353,0.00001243888,0.0001856618,3.694946e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001005987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001038538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.739837e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.091269e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993131,0.00001398201,0.000275707,0.00006492218,0.0002172088,0.0001151225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997544,0.00004520278,0.00001003281,0.00003151831,0.0001135339,0.00004532356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005310574,0.00000725532,0.0001056226,0.00001330348,0.0001108451,0.000006758967,0.0003422371,0.9968536,0.001341326,0.000238902,0.0001023195,0.0008247196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008682327,0.0001087198,0.00002931656,0.00001107399,0.00002155683,0.00009210329,0.0001322931,0.9902095,0.000485688,0.00003516843,0.007914131,0.00009228096],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009755864,0.0006098567,0.9873429,0.0004507609,0.001420281,0.00009426206,0.000002577279,0.00003925746,0.0002842715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924582,0.0004645774,0.006629941,0.00009310542,0.0002054547,0.00002886446,0.00002325798,0.00002744815,0.00006915681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9827023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8293639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024181068","doi":"10.1145/2366145.2366178","title":"Structural optimization of 3D masonry buildings","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Samsung","keywords":"Soundness; Vertex (graph theory); Masonry; Displacement (psychology); Computer science; Orientation (vector space); Gradient descent; Measure (data warehouse); Minification; Geometry; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01154440322862427,"gpt":0.2211102050551481,"spread":0.2095658018265238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007269381,0.0001429904,0.0001345914,0.0002829567,0.00006952696,0.000007570369,0.0001622458,0.0001413693,0.0002111357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001808885,0.0001595741,0.0000604609,0.0004471325,0.00006149222,0.0002809777,0.000002592896,0.000222398,0.000004282463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002896985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004914743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003284429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001241353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993256,0.00001231321,0.0002135242,0.00009122329,0.0001226502,0.0002346742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994716,0.00007271707,0.0000285432,0.000315021,0.00004062231,0.00007148388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003314595,0.00001273902,0.0004284827,0.00002870128,0.00004625605,1.343836e-7,0.0001828796,0.997187,0.0001915549,0.0007328144,0.00002649812,0.001159686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004543054,0.00004351645,0.001783995,0.00003382682,0.00008927478,0.00002390714,0.00008314069,0.9890184,0.007238328,0.0001877817,0.0006518238,0.0003916576],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04272311,0.0001895867,0.9553585,0.00005057827,0.0009322881,0.00009108098,0.00001955029,0.0003774911,0.0002578074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8537068,0.0001791149,0.145974,0.00002689418,0.00003698459,0.00001329611,0.000008146515,0.00003983243,0.00001490836],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8109837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6507242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098062285","doi":"10.1177/0954407014561279","title":"Topology, size and shape optimization of an automotive cross car beam","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Automotive industry; Design for manufacturability; Topology optimization; Automotive engineering; Steering linkage; Beam (structure); Finite element method; Engineering; Beam steering; Steering wheel; Mechanical engineering; Topology (electrical circuits); Computer science; Torque steering; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0048910621681087,"gpt":0.2094973748468102,"spread":0.2046063126787015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007679522,0.0002739626,0.0006249402,0.0002733923,0.00004526939,0.00001742889,0.0004531236,0.0002594584,0.00003299119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001143397,0.0002462778,0.0001672386,0.0004346833,0.0002029256,0.0005843911,0.00008242131,0.0004232201,2.433975e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007610396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003662212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001755887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.210659e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981299,0.00001068089,0.001081468,0.0001678622,0.0003423539,0.0002677132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984713,0.0001746789,0.0004442868,0.0001531002,0.0006108097,0.0001458553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001864103,0.00003753792,0.00005420372,0.0003234902,0.0001043938,4.537562e-7,0.0001736951,0.9590335,0.03484548,0.00515281,0.00002355417,0.0002322338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006688593,0.000235189,0.0003254471,0.0003210793,0.00007781103,0.00008618466,0.00007873805,0.8314632,0.166336,0.0000699505,0.0001569228,0.0001806217],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.834065,0.0002532891,0.1634478,0.00005477191,0.001611215,0.0002390502,0.00001582844,0.0001673845,0.0001457272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9610947,0.00009799498,0.03857952,0.000006675267,0.0001606814,0.000007719547,0.000001155694,0.00004528536,0.000006276252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1314906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118372964","doi":"10.1109/tmag.2009.2012661","title":"The Implications of the Use of Composite Materials in Electromagnetic Device Topology and Shape Optimization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Network topology; Topology (electrical circuits); Computer science; Task (project management); Sensitivity (control systems); Materials science; Composite number; Mechanical engineering; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Finite element method; Composite material; Systems engineering; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01212269034765841,"gpt":0.2154274467217679,"spread":0.2033047563741095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004946528,0.0000943324,0.0001228116,0.00008652048,0.00006730484,0.00001402329,0.0001215417,0.00007737345,0.00004248058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007257214,0.00007671214,0.00002247257,0.0002717097,0.0001096633,0.0000513982,0.000001093818,0.0001110207,4.225124e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002091169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008876174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006902565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002302374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993885,0.00004177312,0.0002965471,0.00008400947,0.00005579448,0.0001334062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995128,0.0001547154,0.00004248627,0.0002293456,0.00004160011,0.00001903969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006262439,0.00002030083,0.000031018,0.000009711275,0.000006759045,7.015643e-8,0.00007085024,0.9462506,0.04922919,0.0002542798,0.00000918918,0.004111835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004980783,0.0002688102,0.02877114,0.00004344262,0.00007224784,0.000022768,0.00002717882,0.818845,0.1509207,0.0001901115,0.0001487296,0.000191825],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5334078,0.000222914,0.4646361,0.0008774179,0.0003225569,0.0003356147,0.00003426596,0.0000694421,0.00009396088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864935,0.0006831718,0.01271887,0.00004240864,0.000005724871,0.00001400037,0.000001288397,0.00001299886,0.00002807572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4530857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.312823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201884713","doi":"10.1093/jcde/qwab051","title":"A novel lattice structure topology optimization method with extreme anisotropic lattice properties","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; Shandong University","keywords":"Topology optimization; Lattice (music); Topology (electrical circuits); Homogenization (climate); Mathematics; Anisotropy; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Physics; Engineering; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02031769075495351,"gpt":0.2181945457627767,"spread":0.1978768550078232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001225188,0.000169493,0.0002492904,0.0001746301,0.00004527976,0.00005184247,0.0000772444,0.00008897741,0.00003310172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006457971,0.0001540643,0.00003093622,0.0002356397,0.00002402268,0.0002757472,0.00001595827,0.0002389087,4.02303e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005336553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006053004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.039037e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.724588e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991902,0.00003071956,0.0003248038,0.0001108827,0.0001740818,0.0001692909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993094,0.0001949074,0.00007014186,0.00006809292,0.0002741886,0.00008330983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001532718,0.00001032009,0.00002128257,0.00008014381,0.0001349161,0.00002370302,0.0001868252,0.9898732,0.008169247,0.001167409,0.00002345328,0.0002941257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006201263,0.00005607004,0.0004276196,0.00007574877,0.00005507075,0.001616494,0.00004756633,0.9947189,0.001899997,0.0001477352,0.0001656941,0.0001689668],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01027943,0.0008745025,0.988214,0.0001532071,0.0003036464,0.00006309454,0.000002602458,0.00008407468,0.00002540733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.213976,0.00004796964,0.7857962,0.00003154905,0.00009427939,0.000001852817,0.000003601714,0.00003328619,0.00001522268],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2036966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6282558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014566476","doi":"10.1115/1.4046812","title":"Rapid Modeling and Design Optimization of Multi-Topology Lattice Structure Based on Unit-Cell Library","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mechanical Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Topology optimization; Finite element method; Topology (electrical circuits); Lattice (music); Computation; Homogenization (climate); Parametric design; Stiffness; Parametric statistics; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Discrete space; Algorithm; Mathematics; Engineering; Structural engineering; Mathematical analysis; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03539986227393905,"gpt":0.2197053781885131,"spread":0.1843055159145741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002136674,0.0001688283,0.0003310198,0.0001612178,0.00002875587,0.00001689174,0.0001875616,0.0002120261,0.0001519588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000174514,0.0001592787,0.00005444097,0.0002175587,0.0000238379,0.0002176559,0.00002084459,0.0003972799,8.231364e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001528621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004530794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.912693e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.90292e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988739,0.0001826908,0.0005051782,0.0001222181,0.0001545914,0.0001614154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991892,0.0003380914,0.0001354347,0.0001038576,0.00006912626,0.0001642866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001325885,0.00002177503,0.00000289011,0.00005931689,0.00002968251,0.00001359524,0.00006661495,0.9918186,0.007335927,0.0001608666,0.0000901923,0.0002679561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001101835,0.0004065093,0.000001503072,0.00003889632,0.00004881949,0.00001702818,0.00003115359,0.9703086,0.02776778,0.0001367088,0.00001420736,0.0001269571],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00107389,0.0004146165,0.9977114,0.0003284267,0.0002205597,0.0001402814,0.000005014283,0.00008180386,0.00002395809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.475447,0.0001443947,0.5241527,0.0001623256,0.00005397748,8.304467e-7,0.000001372725,0.00003590195,0.00000153332],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4743731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6495198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285240567","doi":"10.3934/era.2022132","title":"A parameterized level set method for structural topology optimization based on reaction diffusion equation and fuzzy PID control algorithm","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronic Research Archive","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Level set (data structures); Parameterized complexity; Mathematics; Level set method; Topology optimization; PID controller; Domain (mathematical analysis); Convergence (economics); Boundary (topology); Topology (electrical circuits); Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Finite element method; Temperature control; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0322583041010364,"gpt":0.3225401070061036,"spread":0.2902818029050672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001160517,0.0001759145,0.0002191082,0.000538885,0.000491894,0.00003321228,0.0001673835,0.00007121159,0.00005099461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002840762,0.0001945273,0.00005334582,0.0002980228,0.00007536203,0.00008263168,0.0000473916,0.0007370158,0.000001208786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004628722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003418875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000105297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977774,0.000556155,0.0002445118,0.0003643564,0.0003493587,0.0007082198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983074,0.001254499,0.00004568381,0.0002359163,0.00007047838,0.00008599206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002851305,0.0000133647,0.00001047607,0.00001891274,0.00004186617,0.000001203612,0.0001913505,0.977641,0.01178499,0.001939846,0.0001814366,0.007890345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002194948,0.0008797029,0.0001260369,0.00000496189,0.00001312582,0.00001859396,0.0001036113,0.9906949,0.0004071188,0.004604429,0.0007820838,0.0001704355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003974063,0.00009930167,0.9937978,0.0003237566,0.0002115686,0.001040002,0.0002017617,0.0001625582,0.0001891879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6954664,0.00006621428,0.3021047,0.00007574122,0.000122958,0.001319904,0.0007029569,0.00007943262,0.00006169581],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6916931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7932591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094908286","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2020.101698","title":"Multi-scale topology optimization with shell and interface layers for additive manufacturing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","keywords":"Materials science; Lattice (music); Topology optimization; Microstructure; Topology (electrical circuits); Design for manufacturability; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Computational science; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Composite material; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00999067371310992,"gpt":0.2144449428906862,"spread":0.2044542691775763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005547249,0.000392022,0.0003571334,0.0001320337,0.0001455803,0.00005457475,0.0001700099,0.0001660652,0.0002369062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003692259,0.0004023766,0.0000563477,0.000071627,0.0001449743,0.0003582232,0.00008383972,0.0003114514,0.00001496201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009602025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001090464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006640096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001249051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998611,0.00002639344,0.0002841779,0.0004888392,0.0001077556,0.0004818123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993017,0.0002190108,0.00007032705,0.0001630437,0.00004406048,0.0002018537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005514512,0.000009255029,0.00002736967,0.00008881542,0.0001315697,0.000007469905,0.001095745,0.9946854,0.0005124207,0.00002065238,0.0003834032,0.002982714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00128373,0.0001426422,0.0005807271,0.00005055071,0.00005511689,0.00002456144,0.000796635,0.5682055,0.4240157,0.00001317176,0.004323517,0.0005081486],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03816365,0.0001123347,0.9588602,0.0002267896,0.0002705084,0.0005903876,0.0002843171,0.0007152205,0.0007766553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8542161,0.0001117733,0.144834,0.0001879087,0.0001795239,0.0001462431,0.0001273446,0.0001254705,0.00007163485],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8160524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2773995008","doi":"10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2017.10.022","title":"Topology optimization of efficient and strong hybrid compliant mechanisms using a mixed mesh of beams and flexure hinges with strength control","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechanism and Machine Theory","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hinge; Structural engineering; Compliant mechanism; Topology optimization; Stiffness; von Mises yield criterion; Flexibility (engineering); Beam (structure); Mechanism (biology); Yield (engineering); Displacement (psychology); Engineering; Constraint (computer-aided design); Topology (electrical circuits); Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Finite element method; Mathematics; Materials science; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007113448389881337,"gpt":0.2064435527888714,"spread":0.1993301043989901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002676942,0.0001852303,0.0003496984,0.000132681,0.0001460877,0.00002177328,0.0001007632,0.00006819579,0.00001566544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002654474,0.0001638579,0.00001704042,0.0000285762,0.0001905696,0.00007952592,0.00007111319,0.0001035949,4.912145e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001137959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008026212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001957025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003622357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993162,0.00004519394,0.0002070931,0.000180222,0.00008006641,0.0001712514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994669,0.00007372864,0.0001294016,0.0002317883,0.00003662477,0.00006153102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005818726,0.00001529779,0.00003418708,0.000128844,0.00008524965,0.000003656939,0.0002019803,0.7263726,0.007189005,0.2650794,5.18599e-7,0.0008310277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001318878,0.0001327694,0.000106753,0.00006379142,0.0001077865,0.00006502323,0.0002140076,0.9736714,0.01812817,0.006031376,0.000001113622,0.0001589784],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2320139,0.0003830531,0.7671176,0.00002278283,0.0001250455,0.0001577019,0.00005669042,0.0000500869,0.0000731728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9466555,0.00007510756,0.05319807,0.000006154241,0.00001378192,0.000005435466,0.00000707501,0.00003085201,0.000008094084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7146416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.668193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4363650167","doi":"10.1016/j.cad.2023.103531","title":"Challenges in topology optimization for hybrid additive–subtractive manufacturing: A review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computer-Aided Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Shandong University","keywords":"Subtractive color; Topology optimization; Process (computing); Computer science; Machining; Preprocessor; Topology (electrical circuits); Manufacturing engineering; Mathematical optimization; Control engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1437803827711079,"gpt":0.3240616469902942,"spread":0.1802812642191863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005592613,0.0007632578,0.002292056,0.0007509057,0.0000555295,0.00003275795,0.0005274945,0.0004443515,0.00007444556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001410819,0.0008221734,0.0003639335,0.0003286866,0.0000538103,0.0001873564,0.00009833871,0.0005856896,0.0001038265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002891729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009322463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.290188e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001328467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971057,0.0002835278,0.001091978,0.0007516193,0.0001426448,0.0006245711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997232,0.001773714,0.0002497146,0.0005674127,0.00006686098,0.0001102863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001605627,0.000013206,4.571632e-9,0.02829032,0.00012613,0.00003353818,0.00001805351,0.5348194,1.169385e-8,0.0001227307,0.003777452,0.4327975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003317055,0.00009563732,6.843692e-7,0.03835328,0.0003704631,0.0001663112,0.00000516298,0.3906691,0.000009888807,0.0001118434,0.568971,0.0009148527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[1.163084e-8,0.5171437,0.479514,0.00002608157,0.0008984148,0.001643925,0.00004543601,0.0005989299,0.0001295529],"genre_scores_gemma":[6.862856e-7,0.8892907,0.107872,0.00003040721,0.0003826297,0.001747896,0.0003543778,0.0002850849,0.00003627168],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5651935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981793881","doi":"10.1007/s00158-019-02392-7","title":"3D topology optimization for cost and time minimization in additive manufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Topology optimization; Solver; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Minification; Engineering design process; Bridging (networking); Process (computing); Finite element method; Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005222791610624508,"gpt":0.2235689869302891,"spread":0.2183461953196646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007069471,0.0002454357,0.0002604047,0.0002430258,0.0001230659,0.00003758743,0.00006742537,0.0001947302,0.0002243806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002439103,0.0002564552,0.00002420018,0.0001355058,0.00007101762,0.0004717461,0.00006018852,0.0001199272,0.000002982674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007556194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009617624,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003313856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003613575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989597,0.00002613199,0.0003118902,0.0003377629,0.00007132703,0.0002932475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995905,0.000109982,0.00005900516,0.0001221378,0.0000470543,0.00007137045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003897931,0.000003807845,0.0005406078,0.00009546643,0.00001546584,8.453383e-7,0.0003969707,0.9958878,0.0001209924,0.000181017,0.00001599007,0.002702061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001207507,0.00005796205,0.002659593,0.00003227059,0.00002334269,0.00002159703,0.0001393792,0.9948946,0.000525689,0.000106492,0.00003777996,0.0002937581],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3636069,0.0002606581,0.6320086,0.0001485208,0.0009049533,0.001859991,0.0001158764,0.0003766985,0.0007177913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7426504,0.00035531,0.2557249,0.00001966686,0.00009196613,0.0001194401,0.0007789336,0.00007118184,0.0001882315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3790435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063407135","doi":"10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.10.010","title":"Optimal design of long-span steel portal frames using fabricated beams","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Serviceability (structure); Structural engineering; Portal frame; Latin hypercube sampling; Parametric statistics; Deflection (physics); Eurocode; Optimal design; Engineering; Span (engineering); Beam (structure); Population; Frame (networking); Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Statistics; Monte Carlo method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04371804023302509,"gpt":0.3105739830580461,"spread":0.266855942825021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001324512,0.0001497365,0.0003431093,0.000692819,0.0001052149,0.00003912365,0.0003045343,0.0001673362,0.00029718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003839306,0.0001491708,0.0001005474,0.0005304192,0.0004108646,0.0002871669,0.00004817357,0.0006802375,0.000004533807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001308921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001898772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004401233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.111194e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977709,0.0001678894,0.0006959268,0.0001251607,0.0008734657,0.0003666666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980751,0.0005243847,0.0001734626,0.0001625098,0.0009001181,0.0001643694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004292137,0.00002205797,0.002329568,0.00003988427,0.0001486669,0.00001700436,0.00005185515,0.9885761,0.005921456,0.0009116617,0.000293095,0.001645785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008171021,0.0002083537,0.005815975,0.0001173202,0.00003162254,0.001927597,0.0003017049,0.9816759,0.008140499,0.0002655558,0.000497069,0.0002012854],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2864548,0.000258931,0.7118753,0.00003737013,0.0005511334,0.0000984881,0.000005522607,0.00003315981,0.0006852965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8615846,0.00005832505,0.1379814,0.000002716544,0.0002877027,0.000002295454,0.000001834943,0.00003513404,0.00004598139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5751298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.608301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062378303","doi":"10.1007/s00158-011-0722-z","title":"Development of a structural optimization strategy for the design of next generation large thermoplastic wind turbine blades","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Turbine blade; Topology optimization; Structural engineering; Deflection (physics); Blade (archaeology); Engineering design process; Thermoplastic; Engineering; Turbine; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Finite element method; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05295923002588927,"gpt":0.2517438640850409,"spread":0.1987846340591516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001267893,0.0002266432,0.0002232504,0.0001127248,0.0002547962,0.00001873101,0.0001303274,0.0001208966,0.00009090653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002808213,0.000169659,0.00003806222,0.0001795754,0.00009408427,0.0003458565,0.00004551474,0.00008208332,1.557983e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002975755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003236894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002132667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003937259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989583,0.00002727535,0.0004924122,0.0001923144,0.000114034,0.0002156791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994362,0.00008511095,0.0001440365,0.0001483379,0.000142375,0.0000439537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005299145,0.000006290692,0.00009015681,0.0001110382,0.0000731159,1.886157e-7,0.002934116,0.9900298,0.005589816,0.0003420636,0.000003799394,0.0007666848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006216834,0.00007010925,0.002649782,0.00001952321,0.00007793449,0.000007622248,0.000510347,0.9901065,0.005692497,0.00005443006,0.000001144441,0.0001884568],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1527819,0.0003570495,0.845777,0.000006308536,0.0003740853,0.0005831537,0.00002764781,0.0000717402,0.00002103354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6199782,0.0000476089,0.3797938,0.000001202504,0.00004270001,0.00002248792,0.00008051516,0.00002499013,0.000008456298],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4671963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6918492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093832268","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2012.03.012","title":"Stress-based topology optimization using an isoparametric level set method","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Polygon mesh; von Mises yield criterion; Mathematics; Regular grid; Level set method; Grid; Applied mathematics; Augmented Lagrangian method; Penalty method; Topology optimization; Level set (data structures); Signed distance function; Mathematical optimization; Cartesian coordinate system; Set (abstract data type); Function (biology); Topology (electrical circuits); Algorithm; Computer science; Geometry; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07488803133354863,"gpt":0.3260079871171802,"spread":0.2511199557836316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006195554,0.0001663365,0.000273885,0.001316035,0.00005453451,0.00002900557,0.00009365426,0.0001191901,0.0002619239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007989704,0.0001848829,0.00004374678,0.001709256,0.00002260292,0.00019685,0.00001875556,0.0001099355,0.000001599589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000651501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001022957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002796791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001154348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988406,0.0001752776,0.0003595871,0.0001842471,0.0001103547,0.0003299787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994205,0.0001923284,0.00005813678,0.0002037035,0.00003020646,0.0000951262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004261767,0.00003792081,0.05715653,0.000009682235,0.0001654582,7.915114e-7,0.00009809293,0.9417185,0.00004036408,0.00003980168,0.00000952245,0.0007191304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003066689,0.00002309603,0.004739295,0.000004544024,0.0002326452,7.966083e-7,0.00005401829,0.9938391,0.0005709935,0.00001339306,0.00003251827,0.0001828596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.008044561,0.0002973291,0.9912364,0.000005092385,0.0001258353,0.0001168667,0.00003166023,0.00007406553,0.00006819373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4653013,0.00003488892,0.5344933,0.00002783662,0.00002676366,0.00001124674,0.00007803748,0.00001783426,0.00000878046],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4572568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7539306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3045518935","doi":"10.1115/1.4047917","title":"A Survey of Modeling and Optimization Methods for Multi-Scale Heterogeneous Lattice Structures","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mechanical Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Computer science; Scale (ratio); Software; Industrial engineering; Representation (politics); Mathematical optimization; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09314999765883526,"gpt":0.3278948613570615,"spread":0.2347448636982262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006856565,0.0001047466,0.000298994,0.00006218703,0.00002047527,0.00001256421,0.0001155068,0.0001113692,0.00001092185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006465894,0.00009913239,0.00005254063,0.0001128983,0.00001153401,0.00008881137,0.00001707139,0.0001418942,8.764513e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001670021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001524555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001423904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.038333e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991142,0.0001454028,0.0004619039,0.00008530686,0.00007902864,0.0001141972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991937,0.0003443661,0.0001028971,0.00006009799,0.0001884721,0.0001104288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005474696,0.00000622763,0.000003330695,0.0000495652,0.00006050384,9.313898e-7,0.00008754762,0.9913648,0.00697548,0.00004044515,0.00000997017,0.001346452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000541663,0.0001372495,0.000008756212,0.00001336547,0.00004517511,0.00002466776,0.00001150526,0.9864817,0.01250829,0.0001392001,0.000003558245,0.0000848907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001361383,0.0007420157,0.9974984,0.00003582863,0.0001947504,0.0001270983,0.000006432815,0.00003315784,9.5911e-7],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2225327,0.00009392663,0.7772858,0.00002540947,0.00003280653,0.000001894595,0.000001089858,0.00002589223,4.460682e-7],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2211713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4042501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220787955","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2022.102786","title":"Comprehensive clustering-based topology optimization for connectable multi-scale additive manufacturing structures","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Homogenization (climate); Topology (electrical circuits); Interconnectivity; Cluster analysis; Mathematical optimization; Finite element method; Inverse; Stiffness; Macro; Computer science; Materials science; Computational science; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341551176722795,"gpt":0.2317541720999727,"spread":0.2183386603327448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001130574,0.0005456578,0.0005253376,0.0004413709,0.0007534372,0.00006406616,0.0004060399,0.0001726738,0.003079882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003565056,0.0006736095,0.0001829644,0.0001352845,0.0001420136,0.0002706432,0.0002358742,0.0005804435,0.00001046704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000511297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003563014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002833434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000434608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976674,0.0001048304,0.0005073621,0.0006325081,0.0002553259,0.0008325781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986567,0.0005702299,0.000148385,0.0003878671,0.00008597757,0.0001508175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006200434,0.00002794472,0.000009181628,0.0001010449,0.0001396041,0.00001523945,0.0003274608,0.9955293,0.0003059123,0.00006794006,0.0009810135,0.002433361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00176931,0.0001115859,0.0004790664,0.00001711408,0.00004905136,0.00003809811,0.0008220435,0.802891,0.1751645,0.0001103577,0.01789471,0.0006531056],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02650299,0.0001566668,0.9665828,0.00007228652,0.002090401,0.001098099,0.001736869,0.001135053,0.0006248106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9098712,0.00002692819,0.08674025,0.0003188452,0.0002452169,0.001085888,0.00135835,0.0002117373,0.0001416306],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8833682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220938003","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115402","title":"Multi-scale and multi-material topology optimization of gradient lattice structures using surrogate models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composite Structures","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Homogenization (climate); Topology (electrical circuits); Lattice (music); Network topology; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Finite element method; Computational science; Mathematics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01648379929733962,"gpt":0.2390962920091461,"spread":0.2226124927118065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000631642,0.000221859,0.0002944022,0.0002075389,0.0002111891,0.00002428394,0.0001902746,0.00009211508,0.0001517521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006666282,0.000249093,0.00004235586,0.0001627459,0.000132067,0.0001341793,0.0001766667,0.000195159,1.098987e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007556801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000105233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006143528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009140628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989706,0.00007374652,0.000327693,0.0002390466,0.0001301256,0.0002588036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995617,0.00003425514,0.0000803789,0.0002136947,0.00004357715,0.00006640043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002021441,0.000009425989,0.0004443559,0.00005788749,0.0000500442,0.000003185578,0.0007397214,0.9560942,0.04189653,0.0006044435,0.000007281461,0.00007271819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006451848,0.00002544909,0.001254512,0.000004829197,0.00004145133,0.00008588276,0.0001137884,0.9891082,0.008095954,0.0003869554,0.00001823738,0.0002195369],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5851657,0.0003982484,0.4128453,0.000008027066,0.001113001,0.0001582452,0.0001214799,0.0001663149,0.00002377904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6628526,0.0000201571,0.3369818,0.00001287489,0.00003225266,0.000007894059,0.00004918089,0.00003808122,0.000005056431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07768701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010686624","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2009.11.003","title":"Application of design space optimization to bone remodeling simulation of trabecular architecture in human proximal femur for higher computational efficiency","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Bone remodeling; Computer science; Topology (electrical circuits); Finite element method; Simulation; Engineering; Structural engineering; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01530690106729417,"gpt":0.2641711301617156,"spread":0.2488642290944214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003921532,0.0001114262,0.0002581947,0.000817443,0.00002486033,0.000008289699,0.00006049555,0.00006655241,0.000007588338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003726489,0.0001265552,0.00004023232,0.001022109,0.00001176058,0.00005526232,0.00000590507,0.00005509379,8.344731e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004051626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007091104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003883378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002432629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990097,0.0000430912,0.0005120847,0.0001763956,0.0001264938,0.000132272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995679,0.0001436966,0.00009211653,0.0001021864,0.0000678603,0.00002619343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002658167,0.00004621721,0.0006313079,0.0000242226,0.00003861378,1.598511e-7,0.0002320559,0.9948232,0.002377748,0.0002422979,0.000001166664,0.001556452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005037264,0.00007980771,0.002325961,0.0000193292,0.00006248663,7.357814e-8,0.000009898706,0.9953039,0.0009881223,0.0005969437,0.000004291534,0.0001055014],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01467126,0.00005993719,0.9846124,0.00002556298,0.00001066859,0.0005734556,0.000006024738,0.0000259759,0.00001473604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5992279,0.000002797563,0.4006883,0.000006906332,0.000005138014,0.00002160388,0.00003735966,0.000007234971,0.000002765059],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5845566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5160772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040184319","doi":"10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.02.016","title":"Optimization of steel floor systems using particle swarm optimization","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction","keywords":"Particle swarm optimization; Deck; Structural engineering; Slab; Minification; Optimal design; Girder; Composite number; Engineering; Beam (structure); Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07857516673369376,"gpt":0.3050264908640958,"spread":0.2264513241304021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009636423,0.0001318405,0.0002855596,0.0005217021,0.0001066755,0.00003529818,0.0002290817,0.0001405815,0.0003553581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002009666,0.0001341054,0.00007847652,0.0006646289,0.0002522042,0.0005074937,0.00003836495,0.0004034833,0.000003794096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000203222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001639026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001526873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.79445e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979166,0.0001358283,0.0008118041,0.0001148567,0.0007150222,0.000305865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980277,0.0001236502,0.0002049386,0.0001594794,0.001343818,0.0001403887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005082899,0.00003393802,0.0009868105,0.00007588062,0.0001114924,0.000007461902,0.0001699701,0.994063,0.001830238,0.002456312,0.00005191586,0.0001622179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005777781,0.00008371563,0.0004729136,0.00009590618,0.00002604405,0.0004180275,0.0005651374,0.9924912,0.005044212,0.0000530675,0.00005861338,0.0001133768],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2040713,0.0007736456,0.7916692,0.00001457155,0.001455189,0.0001884582,0.00001118836,0.00005102568,0.001765353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8305426,0.0001817331,0.1689735,0.00000164321,0.0002118388,0.000004995023,0.000002252148,0.00003741793,0.00004399898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6264713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5468661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040420258","doi":"10.1007/s00158-002-0256-5","title":"Perimeter control in the bidirectional evolutionary optimization method","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Boeing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Discretization; Constraint (computer-aided design); Mathematical optimization; Finite element method; Computer science; Dependency (UML); Perimeter; Grid; Process (computing); Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Engineering; Structural engineering; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009535710008726928,"gpt":0.2364685757304265,"spread":0.2269328657216996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001241217,0.0002056883,0.0001621449,0.0001890323,0.0002427504,0.0000420441,0.0001202699,0.0001236979,0.0003474294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002448997,0.0001648603,0.00004037786,0.0003590129,0.00007002943,0.0003958679,0.00002554062,0.0001954203,0.000003442662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006147388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003981012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004872895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002136588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990154,0.00009177546,0.0002806689,0.0002300081,0.0001493179,0.0002328148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996123,0.0001132178,0.00003636213,0.0001475986,0.00004463205,0.00004588886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007777324,0.000008041797,0.000831572,0.00001917082,0.00001500449,0.000002675836,0.0006816795,0.9974851,0.0000626473,0.0002008992,0.0001519626,0.0005334597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006549957,0.00002553867,0.005237554,0.000009416767,0.00002580088,0.0001049375,0.0001626419,0.9934309,0.00001175413,0.00007816835,0.00005641532,0.0002018834],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009716383,0.001012656,0.9861685,0.0005274367,0.0006496598,0.000383394,0.00002425678,0.0002811558,0.001236536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7074293,0.000227779,0.291918,0.00005261931,0.0001358949,0.0000606371,0.00006662871,0.00003115625,0.00007796664],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6977129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.672281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990472746","doi":"10.1109/tevc.2019.2954411","title":"Evolutionary Black-Box Topology Optimization: Challenges and Promises","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Autodesk (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Topology optimization; Computer science; Network topology; Optimization problem; Evolutionary computation; Engineering optimization; Mathematical optimization; Evolutionary algorithm; Topology (electrical circuits); Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Engineering; Algorithm; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009929067948196504,"gpt":0.2103398112924678,"spread":0.2004107433442713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000702367,0.000257208,0.0002270828,0.0003660106,0.0001403519,0.00001563609,0.00009924052,0.0002088886,0.0002369984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004287926,0.0003107259,0.00006135303,0.000230725,0.0001398313,0.0004174112,0.000002500228,0.0002574527,0.0001403484],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001935702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003449317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002782326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002099086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987978,0.00005855474,0.0003214567,0.000356348,0.0001915837,0.0002742483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994073,0.0001591238,0.00004429083,0.0001965238,0.0001008524,0.00009191428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002162606,0.00005570781,0.00002142366,0.00008058854,0.00006290315,0.000001902924,0.0002675127,0.9950082,0.00009069408,0.000783937,0.0002563788,0.003349178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006242776,0.0001228094,0.001787136,0.00003652942,0.00002693856,0.00007446333,0.0001657237,0.9958761,0.0001551629,0.0004633602,0.0003619331,0.000305566],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0124134,0.001615135,0.9798272,0.0004685787,0.001649532,0.0004528624,0.00002794672,0.0009146256,0.002630715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9536151,0.001543948,0.04429411,0.00004637948,0.0000812452,0.00006469806,0.00003459778,0.00006002418,0.0002598932],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9412017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2726776755","doi":"10.1002/nme.5617","title":"Topology optimization using a continuous density field and adaptive mesh refinement","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Polygon mesh; Adaptive mesh refinement; Topology optimization; Topology (electrical circuits); Boundary (topology); Helmholtz free energy; Field (mathematics); Algorithm; Computer science; Mesh generation; Checkerboard; Mathematical optimization; Filter (signal processing); Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Finite element method; Computational science; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03041050236303133,"gpt":0.3689145556112371,"spread":0.3385040532482058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004499016,0.0001844182,0.0002829788,0.0002519717,0.0001320735,0.000135449,0.000347038,0.0001376549,0.00003242342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008812555,0.0002040613,0.00006931822,0.00005089619,0.00003550194,0.000291024,0.00009689588,0.0003482826,3.788116e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000199921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001324381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001732802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001199125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989945,0.0000325858,0.0003966999,0.0001752769,0.0001303717,0.0002705252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991726,0.0003266538,0.0001117127,0.0001613023,0.0001328822,0.00009490089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002878121,0.000009952701,0.0007114298,0.00001242905,0.0001022147,0.0000222758,0.00007979083,0.9863457,0.001194544,0.001151219,0.00003922874,0.01030243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000593508,0.00004743872,0.0005347377,0.0000606002,0.00001772091,0.0002366699,0.00003410747,0.9951984,0.001914029,0.0003174444,0.0008444238,0.0002009648],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.004935169,0.0001536848,0.9896514,0.0003588583,0.004537373,0.0001291107,0.000004376267,0.00008916009,0.000140848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1734733,0.00009899589,0.8259615,0.00004101984,0.0003502131,0.00001743021,0.00000165438,0.00003821764,0.00001770731],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1685381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8321378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810890761","doi":"10.1002/nme.5908","title":"Multimaterial multijoint topology optimization","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Topology optimization; A priori and a posteriori; Topology (electrical circuits); Computer science; Joint (building); Mathematical optimization; Optimal design; Dependency (UML); Decomposition; Compliant mechanism; Optimization problem; Mathematics; Finite element method; Algorithm; Engineering; Structural engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02004734864406956,"gpt":0.3687904077231681,"spread":0.3487430590790985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005094205,0.0002258206,0.0002743064,0.0004956623,0.00005508223,0.00007922836,0.0004008742,0.0001675047,0.0002420783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007604077,0.0002457209,0.0001027737,0.0002150124,0.00005255012,0.0002654102,0.00005337354,0.0003169677,0.000008985041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003070956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001533425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003274417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.409538e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985996,0.00004611932,0.0005966924,0.0001966004,0.0001652422,0.0003956765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991851,0.0002837126,0.00006444995,0.0001266937,0.00022569,0.0001143281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003213017,0.00001756359,0.00007365861,0.00001277671,0.000075062,0.00000957987,0.0001531367,0.9846517,0.00672627,0.0004665541,0.0001392754,0.007642268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007955173,0.00005550704,0.0001197537,0.00003672989,0.000008443297,0.0001827906,0.00002263717,0.9815137,0.008671417,0.0001712743,0.008177936,0.0002443409],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001315267,0.00007684767,0.978788,0.0001653236,0.01896168,0.0001492565,0.00000963036,0.0003106332,0.0002233891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07596274,0.0000502203,0.9221978,0.00004979288,0.001572245,0.0000494414,0.000009853259,0.00008009032,0.00002777035],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07464747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767379938","doi":"10.1007/s00366-017-0540-z","title":"Multi-material proportional topology optimization based on the modified interpolation scheme","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering With Computers","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Scheme (mathematics); Interpolation (computer graphics); Topology optimization; Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Structural engineering; Engineering; Finite element method; Computer graphics (images); Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01027260889746509,"gpt":0.2041439296560476,"spread":0.1938713207585825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001206977,0.0002389779,0.0001666319,0.0001407748,0.000222365,0.0001407974,0.0003637637,0.0001049881,0.00006793029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007842502,0.000192917,0.0000388136,0.00007877781,0.00008277725,0.00019219,0.00003898325,0.0002170632,0.000007125616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007556526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001662494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000397423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001059524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991454,0.00001332005,0.0002135023,0.0002092763,0.0001532035,0.0002653234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992225,0.00008863521,0.00007089079,0.0005106067,0.00004687937,0.00006052033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001480518,0.0000123305,0.0001318292,0.00002135413,0.00003537738,0.00000454701,0.00003996204,0.9978674,0.0005076644,0.001194675,0.0001245323,0.00004548939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004751847,0.00004187102,0.001552031,0.00008161649,0.000007786167,0.000007478405,0.000004912573,0.9971108,0.0003969548,0.000002097074,0.00009245174,0.0002268042],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009196462,0.000006656422,0.9871624,0.0003666726,0.002083238,0.0002487536,0.000007855976,0.0006448125,0.000283127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7331243,0.000001859379,0.2665536,0.00003911901,0.0001387795,0.00004935649,0.00002723538,0.00005224871,0.00001346319],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7239279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7866926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2907300900","doi":"10.1002/nme.6017","title":"A multiobjective topology optimization approach for cost and time minimization in additive manufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Mathematical optimization; Engineering optimization; Leverage (statistics); Discretization; Minification; Computer science; Optimization problem; Topology (electrical circuits); Network topology; Multi-objective optimization; Mathematics; Finite element method; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01184924697480403,"gpt":0.3161808400142963,"spread":0.3043315930394923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004542712,0.0002161668,0.000326566,0.0006437739,0.00002719536,0.00005334438,0.0001969479,0.0001722366,0.00004580571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004623317,0.0002471363,0.00007303808,0.0001605517,0.00001990737,0.0003232984,0.00003643551,0.0003240427,0.000001017425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004006475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001446707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000244189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.52735e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987711,0.0000498379,0.0004825791,0.0002498436,0.000117445,0.0003292026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989013,0.0007665203,0.0000747678,0.00008029336,0.0001026737,0.00007442171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005487443,0.00002261287,0.0001369001,0.00004003067,0.00006695266,0.000002165728,0.0002202584,0.9884881,0.0006948937,0.0003011635,0.00001724713,0.009954827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001457746,0.00004256273,0.000304336,0.00005077615,0.000009001791,0.00007404054,0.00007997029,0.9938865,0.003034106,0.0001278373,0.0006915373,0.0002416397],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00182806,0.00009346136,0.9952057,0.00005292623,0.001768058,0.0007125727,0.00002963337,0.0001023817,0.0002072324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05246658,0.0000769906,0.9468079,0.00002590878,0.0001831148,0.0002601562,0.00005772058,0.00007241014,0.00004926105],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05063852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148184704","doi":"10.1007/s00158-006-0005-2","title":"Application of spectral level set methodology in topology optimization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"European Social Fund; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","keywords":"Topology optimization; Level set method; Level set (data structures); Mathematical optimization; Boundary (topology); Benchmark (surveying); Mathematics; Topology (electrical circuits); Set (abstract data type); Function (biology); Computer science; Finite element method; Mathematical analysis; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02644066428379646,"gpt":0.2817958326490781,"spread":0.2553551683652816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001191023,0.0001861091,0.0002511149,0.0002658401,0.00006702601,0.000008503823,0.00009201001,0.000183786,0.0000335371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001998566,0.0001958312,0.00002957452,0.0003119747,0.0001218083,0.0001714748,0.00004510543,0.0001211957,5.205893e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005227463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009794355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000771639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006439659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989822,0.00005676932,0.0004225696,0.0002383518,0.00007534819,0.0002247578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996312,0.00006251164,0.00007621587,0.0001472487,0.00004911421,0.00003377034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001837066,0.000005861885,0.006956439,0.00005542682,0.000008247123,9.589406e-7,0.0002038418,0.98871,0.001255752,0.002395361,0.000009793129,0.0003798809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005232329,0.00003067487,0.02865301,0.000007528201,0.00001736935,0.00002800734,0.0001060229,0.9686689,0.0009259321,0.0008518806,0.000004322535,0.0001830904],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1455944,0.0002191832,0.8531566,0.00006774336,0.0002914722,0.0002385246,0.0000260145,0.0001234909,0.0002825736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6313308,0.00005809042,0.3682587,0.000002647929,0.00006021225,0.00001957766,0.0002240913,0.00002188914,0.0000239893],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4857364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7985764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385636399","doi":"10.3390/a16080380","title":"Design Optimization of Truss Structures Using a Graph Neural Network-Based Surrogate Model","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Algorithms","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Motor Association Foundation for Traffic Safety","keywords":"Truss; Finite element method; Computer science; Artificial neural network; Planar; Particle swarm optimization; Surrogate model; Mathematical optimization; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02806935215090684,"gpt":0.2408274461852581,"spread":0.2127580940343513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001420143,0.0001761613,0.0002108805,0.0002284784,0.00006128596,0.00001613629,0.0001408039,0.0001203432,0.00002431877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001652279,0.0001960986,0.00005539404,0.0008094437,0.00004889615,0.0001261168,0.00002121348,0.0001204923,0.000001858648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003170533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002130415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006563415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.00343e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990686,0.00003087149,0.0002699081,0.0001589009,0.0001407996,0.0003309019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995744,0.00007645357,0.00004573144,0.0001969404,0.00005174752,0.00005474583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004335172,0.000002690053,0.00004177549,0.00002677196,0.00003005925,0.000004889199,0.00006906007,0.998988,0.0002952143,0.00006432727,0.0001012664,0.0003715887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003139482,0.00001251453,0.00004917187,0.00001403604,0.00002338427,0.000004626304,0.000009498148,0.9979901,0.001055195,0.000350625,0.000001920796,0.0001749292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01185578,0.0001220544,0.9864126,0.00001328082,0.0005729439,0.0001619404,0.00001195085,0.0008171559,0.00003226495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4135607,0.00002984567,0.5861862,0.0000145703,0.0000728045,0.00001409567,0.00003718682,0.00007414927,0.00001045011],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4017049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7996667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921445343","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2019.1584944","title":"Minimum length scale constraints in multi-scale topology optimisation for additive manufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Central South University; Shandong University","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Limit (mathematics); Topology (electrical circuits); Topology optimization; Length scale; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Stiffness; Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Finite element method; Mathematical analysis; Mechanics; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01081873090135413,"gpt":0.2384329120451949,"spread":0.2276141811438408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006527764,0.0001577699,0.0002247345,0.00008646257,0.00004105322,0.00001520441,0.00006719313,0.0001017303,0.00003536159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001304849,0.0001674118,0.00004002126,0.00005899854,0.0001001082,0.0001634133,0.00003411586,0.0001828661,0.00001732804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000395519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007570855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003363275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003310287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992641,0.00001777656,0.0001747125,0.0002294675,0.00005109229,0.0002629151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996671,0.0001449512,0.00002344737,0.00009500176,0.000015662,0.00005385324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001371291,0.0001692926,0.001125215,0.0004141927,0.00008844618,0.000002566917,0.00609671,0.8453752,0.02781372,0.003365546,0.00005008767,0.1153619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001396351,0.0001310869,0.002085712,0.00007415639,0.000008693501,0.000004315938,0.0004688942,0.959419,0.03526912,0.0004652228,0.0003754933,0.0003019635],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8461195,0.00002440027,0.150953,0.00004053198,0.0002807117,0.001523805,0.00003329037,0.0001775508,0.0008471566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920322,0.00001122643,0.007387928,0.00002490398,0.00008912666,0.0003420502,0.00002059748,0.0000302496,0.00006175798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1459126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6826853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2599520070","doi":"10.1007/s00366-017-0503-4","title":"A meshless method for multi-material topology optimization based on the alternating active-phase algorithm","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering With Computers","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Topology optimization; Interpolation (computer graphics); Moving least squares; Mathematics; Isotropy; Algorithm; Regularized meshless method; Galerkin method; Topology (electrical circuits); Stiffness matrix; Mathematical optimization; Phase (matter); Applied mathematics; Finite element method; Computer science; Singular boundary method; Structural engineering; Boundary element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01614130633072765,"gpt":0.281468032282457,"spread":0.2653267259517293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002230368,0.0003184188,0.0002803535,0.0001599982,0.0003104465,0.000166593,0.0005219301,0.000115394,0.00002397363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001210913,0.0002663475,0.0000666171,0.0000757351,0.00005410277,0.0001836475,0.00004744244,0.0002174186,0.000001771815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001015413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001658376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009127856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001170558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989187,0.00002502935,0.000233286,0.0002912857,0.000135485,0.0003962577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988235,0.0003686875,0.00009414116,0.0005692138,0.00006247445,0.00008197811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002468733,0.00002332944,0.000004843108,0.00003766923,0.00008496962,0.000006953676,0.00009888472,0.9941133,0.0002133266,0.0003923917,0.00007779502,0.004921806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001829827,0.0001096218,0.00005326572,0.00008657302,0.00002462849,0.00001147273,0.00001381131,0.9929498,0.004204146,0.00000244438,0.0004028179,0.0003115871],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00150339,0.000007397359,0.9942999,0.0002469241,0.002714353,0.0004842899,0.00005312659,0.000623529,0.00006705589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1154343,0.000002571093,0.883868,0.00006349516,0.0002797375,0.0001939321,0.0000340993,0.0001120481,0.00001185318],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1139309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139014544","doi":"10.1007/s00158-021-02893-4","title":"Simultaneous isotropic and anisotropic multi-material topology optimization for conceptual-level design of aerospace components","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Topology optimization; Aerospace; Orthotropic material; Isotropy; Airframe; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Conceptual design; Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02450263475663768,"gpt":0.2503588930334126,"spread":0.2258562582767749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004110674,0.0002465534,0.0003283764,0.00008490848,0.0001963773,0.00002960752,0.00007337927,0.000190267,0.00006440141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008187117,0.0002560105,0.0000324024,0.0001291063,0.0002185508,0.0002134031,0.00008407754,0.00008362849,2.45353e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000394493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001888667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004604344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002790907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989517,0.00005237419,0.000357984,0.0003058289,0.00008080826,0.0002512471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993666,0.0001544699,0.00008448232,0.0001448614,0.0001691728,0.00008043936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005334325,0.0000106683,0.0002751769,0.0001393251,0.00004325236,0.000004168637,0.0006012737,0.988636,0.009687334,0.0002930873,0.000007031646,0.0002493917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001565253,0.00009676373,0.0007501614,0.00002465842,0.00006273544,0.00004830699,0.0003309587,0.9930363,0.003780934,0.00004595235,0.000006007077,0.0002519583],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.16316,0.0003984943,0.8350291,0.00005360443,0.0007019452,0.0003885363,0.0001306499,0.0001319858,0.00000570106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5107982,0.0003191514,0.4884821,0.000005347924,0.00004369788,0.00001927767,0.0002578304,0.00002983447,0.00004459602],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3476381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301368688","doi":"10.1016/j.cad.2022.103424","title":"Multiscale topology optimization for solid–lattice–void hybrid structures through an ordered multi-phase interpolation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer-Aided Design","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Shandong University","keywords":"Lattice (music); Void (composites); Topology optimization; Interpolation (computer graphics); Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Finite element method; Physics; Thermodynamics; Artificial intelligence; Combinatorics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03681068394058214,"gpt":0.2990825584337722,"spread":0.2622718744931901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001943615,0.0003137796,0.000342883,0.0002227218,0.0003620184,0.00006360078,0.0003395675,0.0001071151,0.0003750848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005194066,0.0003878108,0.00008177043,0.000227026,0.00006494873,0.0005076744,0.0001119766,0.0002719462,0.000003860143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001857173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003569141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001181523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000278704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982585,0.0001788533,0.0004981748,0.0004319279,0.0001433139,0.0004892407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990631,0.0002314841,0.0001031048,0.0004027014,0.00009096986,0.0001086478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005785028,0.0001007059,0.00001328275,0.00003450306,0.00007801008,0.000006880407,0.000816862,0.9922321,0.001207947,0.000680376,0.000925871,0.003845557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002694676,0.0004135013,0.00002877484,0.000006312611,0.00003973941,0.0000595092,0.0001102752,0.9927885,0.002072573,0.0006675174,0.0007282218,0.0003904104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.008389802,0.0001940119,0.986902,0.00004970624,0.00245892,0.0008898247,0.00008088704,0.001012305,0.00002254012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3067792,0.00001449665,0.6923016,0.00009775705,0.0001915923,0.0002139436,0.0002967113,0.00008980678,0.00001490806],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2983894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}