{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":262,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":262,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"e3eef2058340","filters":{"topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments"}},"results":[{"id":"W2046954075","doi":"10.1177/0539018403042001795","title":"Measuring Science: is there “Basic Research” without Statistics?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Information","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Social statistics; Politics; Political science; Sociology; Basic research; Official statistics; Statistics; Science policy; Social science; Public administration; Computer science; Mathematics; Library science; Law; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1199460894139179,"gpt":0.3258069852142376,"spread":0.2058608958003197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006392698,0.000089022,0.0000809748,0.0005200337,0.005780099,0.002403263,0.0005816148,0.00002441294,0.001389689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005910312,0.0000776106,0.00002068721,0.0009480813,0.004501948,0.006381511,0.00009769589,0.0001774839,0.001213554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003941661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00114559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000683836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003712013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962115,0.00004602863,0.0002773487,0.000205835,0.002592188,0.0006671075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998132,0.00002076541,0.0001270543,0.0001580244,0.001436637,0.0001255192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003663479,0.00002138846,0.00121318,0.00001951747,0.000003340435,2.782473e-7,0.2740551,8.449978e-7,0.000194725,0.6718373,0.02348956,0.0291611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026002,0.00002411621,0.01216917,0.00002463973,0.000003534158,0.000001004197,0.04740437,0.0001511171,0.001702344,0.01803291,0.9199698,0.0002569553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2049626,0.00001105124,0.0003026491,0.000178739,0.00971606,0.0003682992,0.00005946062,0.00007775799,0.7843234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929405,0.000002440994,0.0004696389,0.00017169,0.00007696527,0.00001081875,0.000005974541,0.000003798349,0.006318113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8964803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995641,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968018405","doi":"10.1086/591871","title":"The Phenomenon of Soviet Science","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osiris","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Phenomenon; Dichotomy; Diversity (politics); Institution; Historiography; Reciprocal; Sociology of scientific knowledge; Social science; State (computer science); Politics; Sociology; Political science; World War II; History of science; Nuclear weapon; Epistemology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03663667249538256,"gpt":0.2081288972146709,"spread":0.1714922247192883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003591077,0.00005304519,0.00006085559,0.00005969822,0.001178329,0.00008500202,0.0003583204,0.000007285269,0.0009597545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003169134,0.0000336409,0.00002590597,0.000104336,0.001726636,0.0001893772,0.00007453076,0.00004125302,0.0002214994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001558711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009936135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004472292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005616008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991373,0.00001048827,0.000144979,0.0001381427,0.0003634356,0.0002056756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995224,0.00002542979,0.00006910533,0.0002167191,0.0001269784,0.00003930644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002450428,0.0001715069,0.004016194,0.00002258,0.0000401727,0.000006551996,0.1522902,0.000002933366,0.002699818,0.1392623,0.6664206,0.03504255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008150146,0.00001368002,0.003484593,0.000005058665,0.00000212417,0.000001275377,0.001611512,0.000008663325,0.0007051339,0.0003982674,0.9936298,0.00005840331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3530715,0.0002179381,0.000009748716,0.0002680362,0.01336779,0.0001433758,0.00001318392,0.00003847011,0.63287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8921849,0.00005382646,0.00008662959,0.00005541394,0.00006431079,0.000003592725,0.000001440392,0.00000428454,0.1075456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5391134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985929941","doi":"10.1007/s10739-011-9292-6","title":"On Labels and Issues: The Lysenko Controversy and the Cold War","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the History of Biology","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cold war; Ideology; Politics; Soviet union; Economic history; Political science; Amateur; Consolidation (business); Iron Curtain; Law; Political economy; Sociology; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03525839896111147,"gpt":0.201460096652289,"spread":0.1662016976911775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007925992,0.00006866302,0.000181468,0.00004003083,0.0001665942,0.000008122602,0.0002753662,0.00002849254,0.0003671299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009430185,0.0000266406,0.00006519396,0.00001087839,0.001853946,0.0000512869,0.00005797097,0.0001430991,0.000004930404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005799406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004641185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008712728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000668028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993041,0.0001880035,0.0002442939,0.00006960108,0.0001002569,0.00009370762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991565,0.0001720888,0.0004167101,0.0001465396,0.00008442565,0.0000237864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004920596,0.00007383249,0.0004026872,0.00001402819,0.0002395699,0.000002563371,0.1315038,3.036947e-7,0.001075838,0.1612258,0.7037069,0.001262677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000844014,0.0001036875,0.0008560217,0.00001956098,0.00004097859,0.00001226933,0.001247338,0.000002242683,0.00003991211,0.004895147,0.9919,0.00003878197],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7570682,0.04659989,0.00001052491,0.008967781,0.1266279,0.000610415,0.00003718451,0.00001300021,0.06006505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8816742,0.0003894208,0.00005646034,0.001668986,0.0001930097,0.000001577937,2.287223e-7,0.000006920838,0.1160092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2881932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6830942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019905694","doi":"10.1353/ctt.2004.0007","title":"Technology Transfer from Germany to Canada after 1945: A Study in Failure?","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative technology transfer and society","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Technology transfer; Economic history; History; Economics; International trade","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01772649298677868,"gpt":0.2288638760899718,"spread":0.2111373831031932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001222743,0.0003142204,0.000488857,0.0002627043,0.0002989288,0.00007571102,0.0003656678,0.0001831215,0.0002978546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000313191,0.0002888016,0.00006895931,0.0004457519,0.0006281073,0.0001263867,0.00006496661,0.0005032255,0.00002880017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002041027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002327194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03133137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8886473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981412,0.00003074866,0.0003987479,0.0006759811,0.0002460605,0.0005072168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994673,0.00002283418,0.00001153073,0.0003067003,0.00009828567,0.0000933838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000160102,0.001535794,0.08307093,0.00004337868,0.0007769802,0.000181977,0.8794103,0.00003399845,0.002211695,0.02421429,0.005956161,0.002404427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009818414,0.0006974384,0.1956221,0.000201423,0.0001647557,0.00001129382,0.4712997,0.00002007273,0.003924912,0.01279674,0.3034893,0.00195382],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932932,0.0002473195,0.0006003855,0.003170082,0.001097261,0.000859995,0.0001387432,0.000181475,0.0004115585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981971,0.00001110673,0.0003174448,0.0005064274,0.00002717638,0.0002624557,0.00001226398,0.00001681179,0.0006491752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8573158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067132023","doi":"10.1086/649413","title":"National States and International Science: A Comparative History of International Science Congresses in Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia, and Cold War United States","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osiris","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalism (politics); Political science; International relations; Nazi Germany; Law; State (computer science); Universalism; Sociology; Politics; Economic history; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03692696270696921,"gpt":0.2799742473000352,"spread":0.243047284593066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006870516,0.0001137921,0.0001302459,0.0009210285,0.0001743161,0.0001970729,0.0003644845,0.00001765287,0.000919786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006117354,0.0001056024,0.00001348659,0.0001830092,0.003448589,0.0009099886,0.0002064714,0.00008963181,0.00001396115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005158399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004399102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002338612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005232581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983281,0.00001986571,0.0002954531,0.0003325499,0.0008165077,0.0002074774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989877,0.0000687331,0.0001659588,0.00007733675,0.000618018,0.00008226199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002386147,0.001192008,0.05239112,0.00009962307,0.0002407137,0.00001524158,0.4854556,0.001126187,0.01371977,0.1540764,0.2849838,0.006460978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006892164,0.00002473144,0.0194615,0.00005871071,0.000004805082,0.00000277474,0.005251821,0.01469313,0.0007598425,0.0005236036,0.9583428,0.0001870983],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9695094,0.0004203705,0.000006364717,0.0007048514,0.004629349,0.0001553762,0.0002485954,0.00002230532,0.02430334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811097,0.0002134419,0.0005306677,0.0002209735,0.00006126176,0.000009029448,0.00008642145,0.000005444532,0.01776304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.673359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992229882","doi":"10.1177/0539018411411032","title":"The linear model of innovation: Maurice Holland and the research cycle","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Information","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; Argument (complex analysis); Context (archaeology); Order (exchange); Management; Operations research; Engineering; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Political science; Economics; Law; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1298550529331273,"gpt":0.3069415841418056,"spread":0.1770865312086783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004585514,0.00003350091,0.00004069493,0.000114899,0.002630917,0.0002994029,0.0002949311,0.00001412661,0.0000385575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002286167,0.0000176986,0.0000090583,0.0005019711,0.003267211,0.001434906,0.0001076469,0.00008285745,0.00002598407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001666745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001412947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008506758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003278335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989071,0.00002869396,0.0002431981,0.00005368569,0.000600827,0.000166483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988689,0.00004285919,0.0001269917,0.00008410697,0.0008632238,0.00001396456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001864782,0.000003827457,0.00005327308,0.000004019055,0.000001859654,7.383077e-9,0.2362557,0.000003083599,0.000009363391,0.7532961,0.001554983,0.008799127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002155373,0.00006457966,0.01913854,0.00003257137,0.00001427964,0.000001246085,0.1957374,0.07763135,0.0007300518,0.3104337,0.3936868,0.000374116],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3688894,0.00001169452,0.0002174441,0.0008826868,0.002345924,0.000385996,0.00001294584,0.00002066474,0.6272333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975384,0.000007646384,0.0001035152,0.00007908018,0.00004392141,0.000008750458,0.000002285503,0.000001055137,0.002215387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.628649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964250033","doi":"10.1002/1521-3757(20010119)113:2<343::aid-ange343>3.0.co;2-r","title":"Wilhelm Schlenks Leben und Werk - Aufstieg und Fall eines brillanten Wissenschaftlers","year":2001,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Angewandte Chemie","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Humanities; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03044481603180081,"gpt":0.2570039525035051,"spread":0.2265591364717043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005058575,0.0008311552,0.0007486501,0.0003224004,0.001021016,0.001283643,0.0008243059,0.0003507884,0.005297883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000120023,0.000801388,0.0003526396,0.0003602875,0.0008745315,0.0006563797,0.0003934487,0.0005318294,0.005229898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002559281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002528335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001220507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001752778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953464,0.0000710595,0.0008903116,0.001225726,0.0009919697,0.001474491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976115,0.0001121715,0.0004157877,0.000947782,0.0003891767,0.0005236167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003105389,0.0005039845,0.01782998,0.0004406176,0.003149314,0.0006701455,0.01837939,0.00001148529,0.004190153,0.00236601,0.9464959,0.005652507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001234106,0.00006577437,0.001849522,0.0004122805,0.0005546046,0.00001761247,0.001632358,0.00001752259,0.00700241,0.0004499988,0.9857077,0.001056128],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.5224829,0.1120571,0.00002568327,0.004587415,0.09523567,0.001473779,0.000939609,0.0007982656,0.2623996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3696921,0.006775501,0.0002139132,0.001099261,0.00438417,0.00002814639,0.000992257,0.0001939785,0.6166207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3542211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774019321","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48893-6_3","title":"“Broken Symmetry”: Physics, Aesthetics, and Moral Virtue in Nuclear Age America","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Humanism; Virtue; Contemplation; Faith; Modernity; Politics; Epistemology; Sociology; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Aesthetics; Law; Political science; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1157991798549911,"gpt":0.2917876957733115,"spread":0.1759885159183204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009031631,0.0003355688,0.0005828977,0.0003724183,0.0008584966,0.0002178945,0.001520713,0.00005528882,0.00003259834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001014309,0.0002496785,0.00008533782,0.00005873048,0.02262416,0.0003843961,0.0007899715,0.0003711591,0.00005560638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006322363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008800121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007939272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976161,0.00002804284,0.0004597419,0.0006455263,0.0008969936,0.000353659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984575,0.00007245172,0.0005042495,0.0007383695,0.0001749686,0.00005246083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001492545,0.00005831837,0.0000451523,0.00008683211,0.00003344531,0.00004599418,0.05564737,9.619852e-7,0.00000763485,0.9340079,0.002975524,0.007075906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000401952,0.0001503222,0.0006559458,0.0009505,0.00003850564,0.000005344979,0.005845532,0.00001243215,0.000004894686,0.6479084,0.3434548,0.0005713523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002311699,0.001932079,3.207608e-7,0.0009983617,0.005766538,0.000486608,0.00008406436,0.00002104455,0.9883993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8769708,0.001558463,0.0002194699,0.0005481865,0.0003562358,0.00001219712,0.000007138329,0.00004469409,0.1202828],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8746592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072954874","doi":"10.1177/0952695110378952","title":"‘This war for men’s minds’: the birth of a human science in Cold War America","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of the Human Sciences","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cold war; Psychology; Psychoanalysis; Political science; Law; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04568431993582765,"gpt":0.2554748344022861,"spread":0.2097905144664584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002288418,0.0001335267,0.0002097885,0.0003318591,0.001631968,0.00004917748,0.002412238,0.00002598948,0.001952645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001200144,0.00007845904,0.000108259,0.0002800471,0.01617397,0.0003754337,0.0002196644,0.0001659582,0.00001551389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001812724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005031374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00063681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002099736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978806,0.00005043077,0.0004299078,0.0003991375,0.0008752494,0.0003646316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987031,0.00008044819,0.0004591282,0.0005126104,0.0001933657,0.00005137153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001034592,0.0003004276,0.003192626,0.00008448728,0.00001308483,4.954012e-7,0.2732693,0.000005621559,0.2413521,0.08241214,0.3983194,0.001039943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024292,0.00008954221,0.003203562,0.00003975291,0.000009999158,4.645369e-7,0.005155713,0.00006362682,0.002877491,0.001215968,0.9869416,0.0001593216],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8846332,0.0002201368,0.000001005825,0.0002796285,0.01601403,0.0005459678,0.00002375089,0.00001986452,0.09826239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8495779,0.000001832086,0.0001775563,0.0001080856,0.00006030824,0.00002906594,6.618468e-7,0.000006720108,0.1500379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5886222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070350434","doi":"10.1088/0143-0807/22/2/701","title":"Rutherford - Scientist Supreme","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Physics","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Nuclear physics; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0276244763101906,"gpt":0.2037090369542917,"spread":0.1760845606441011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006987319,0.0001008775,0.0001228782,0.00004909117,0.0002501145,0.0003329038,0.0003888106,0.000004469644,0.01070432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008478088,0.00008140377,0.0001083857,0.0000637764,0.0002063846,0.0004506621,0.00002595194,0.0001452964,0.002236164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001979129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003430626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000165423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001632445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988297,0.0001221594,0.0003505607,0.0001143733,0.0003854148,0.000197792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999383,0.00001127582,0.0001956874,0.0001528233,0.0001602742,0.00009691408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005387501,0.0003110991,0.0002779439,0.00001921902,0.0001164263,0.000186664,0.03564728,0.0001454044,0.0003381017,0.006435773,0.5441379,0.4123303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003451388,0.00005989259,0.001086239,0.00004049453,0.00001382274,0.00001170281,0.0002873105,0.00001051682,0.00011186,0.0004667102,0.9974602,0.0001060717],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4133253,0.0001222835,0.0003344252,0.0002456493,0.0185356,0.00008143704,0.00001991978,0.00003964528,0.5672957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.806743,0.00001395196,0.0004504636,0.0002861616,0.001614957,1.09586e-7,0.000004691408,0.00002855865,0.1908582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4533224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377260469","doi":"10.1515/9780773572690","title":"Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Canada","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314688546503971,"gpt":0.1681461182334216,"spread":0.1549992327683819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009281412,0.000503202,0.000468613,0.000220707,0.001070263,0.0001658734,0.0005807315,0.0002190906,0.0004674798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007304781,0.0005650135,0.0001122909,0.000007626923,0.0003481914,0.0002003678,0.0005883364,0.0004953253,0.00002211984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009328385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007327059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4300507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06281821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977112,0.00006397406,0.0002777383,0.00076899,0.0006347873,0.0005432551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986525,0.00006034683,0.0002765714,0.0004932854,0.0002210565,0.0002962538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002416745,0.00001254833,0.000002743222,0.00009811844,0.0001913316,0.000161267,0.001089998,0.000002375184,2.233166e-7,0.1804015,0.8158905,0.002125256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004822916,0.00001507126,0.00001140953,0.0001207097,0.0001300411,0.000001822205,0.0004460017,0.000002769269,0.000009366615,0.00006846397,0.9980805,0.0006315575],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002252636,0.000007386865,0.000001137931,0.00009254755,0.006123971,0.0004054386,0.001603953,0.000133797,0.9916092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002770197,0.00008628808,0.00004872573,0.000241389,0.0002871888,0.000001286655,0.0002008781,0.00005600665,0.9988012],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3672325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2493104838","doi":"10.1093/0195168747.001.0001","title":"Creating the Twentieth Century","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02365289769412243,"gpt":0.2149319999476051,"spread":0.1912791022534827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004357518,0.0004011698,0.0003049501,0.0001358458,0.0009826665,0.0009491238,0.0007748936,0.0001419076,0.07075537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002382096,0.0002472249,0.0002351475,0.00002570499,0.00047253,0.0002395789,0.0002583443,0.0005360804,0.005886225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002116674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003217362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003488794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005354368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976807,0.00004218645,0.0005032133,0.0005240428,0.0007544759,0.0004953385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987043,0.0001017889,0.0003061123,0.0006280186,0.0001637473,0.00009603138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002099534,0.00001795217,0.000002653209,0.00002264115,0.00008346218,0.000002874393,0.01138344,4.25236e-7,2.300983e-7,0.1019135,0.8706165,0.01595428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001168366,0.000007888194,0.00001670216,0.00009600174,0.00005349338,0.000002048576,0.001211691,0.000006881307,9.297212e-7,0.001625823,0.9965135,0.0003481448],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008289074,0.001058863,0.000004798951,0.0003598551,0.0436028,0.0004221207,0.00007716225,0.0002059737,0.9542601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000747116,0.0001562588,0.000160987,0.001106028,0.00315899,0.0000189095,0.000316666,0.00006874117,0.9949387],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1258971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2206462158","doi":"10.1525/hsns.2012.42.2.114","title":"Eugene Rabinowitch, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and the Nature of Scientific Internationalism in the Early Cold War","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalism (politics); Cold war; Political science; Shadow (psychology); Nuclear weapon; Institution; Law; Sociology; Psychology; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03739003873025938,"gpt":0.2659912088251959,"spread":0.2286011700949365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008015877,0.0001469548,0.0002218959,0.0001079875,0.001806956,0.000194263,0.002386528,0.00004238306,0.00003702422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006851163,0.00004726351,0.000105828,0.0007972383,0.009273606,0.0001742139,0.0004907217,0.000513525,0.000006354266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002303244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004424806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006534706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009165967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968638,0.000550199,0.0004253646,0.0002929529,0.001493936,0.0003737925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981062,0.001070842,0.0002974299,0.0003397138,0.0001653459,0.00002042804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005394196,0.0002063847,0.01278852,0.00003636779,0.000058496,0.00000163454,0.4064648,0.000004078526,0.0001012287,0.329442,0.2495616,0.001280871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005056706,0.00002186884,0.07316479,0.00007362592,0.00002955591,0.000006671478,0.02059489,0.00001993841,0.00004820843,0.004404164,0.9009926,0.0001380077],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.910923,0.04035554,2.427886e-7,0.01264646,0.03348738,0.0005605324,0.00001006129,0.00000611293,0.002010648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919516,0.0001413319,0.00001991949,0.0005614053,0.0001604232,0.00003034923,6.538446e-7,0.000003332773,0.007131018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.651431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049132669","doi":"10.1080/00033790500286320","title":"Life of µ: The Observation of the Spontaneous decay of Mesotrons and its Consequences, 1938–1947","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meson; Physics; Nuclear force; Nuclear physics; Yukawa potential; Particle physics; Subatomic particle; Nuclear structure; Realization (probability); Theoretical physics; Elementary particle; Nucleon; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09450361708254817,"gpt":0.274506638959947,"spread":0.1800030218773989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008145286,0.0000633937,0.0001294835,0.0000644528,0.0002231022,0.00002367552,0.0006244645,0.0000159644,0.0001417783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003396351,0.00003661056,0.00004644587,0.0002389148,0.003712766,0.00031496,0.0001444297,0.00004301055,0.000001839169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006565946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003694496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001047616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003076929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987303,0.00003481814,0.0003389468,0.0001482086,0.0005936095,0.0001540935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987693,0.00005952647,0.000396291,0.0002323296,0.0004942323,0.00004826085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001014225,0.0006062275,0.03582284,0.0004200189,0.0001184313,0.000003132251,0.1451528,0.0004858196,0.4230309,0.3439008,0.03600137,0.01435628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003179972,0.00009682294,0.1858906,0.0004062761,0.00002967906,0.00001332775,0.004332266,0.0003078448,0.7219773,0.001537587,0.08487236,0.0002179195],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923742,0.0003233858,7.354811e-7,0.002262414,0.001223681,0.0001458612,0.00004324877,0.000003190885,0.00362324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951837,0.00003938564,0.00009492681,0.0002579882,0.00001398745,0.000001090286,4.148004e-7,0.000002134323,0.004406381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3423632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W88673363","doi":"10.70359/bhc2003v028p076","title":"Ernest Rutherford, the \"true discoverer\" of radon","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin for the history of chemistry","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Radon; Radiochemistry; Nuclear physics; Physics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02344935622543314,"gpt":0.1808686818037163,"spread":0.1574193255782832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004822144,0.0001213173,0.0001531789,0.00001169565,0.0001867904,0.00001711736,0.0004312073,0.00003557786,0.01120372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001140721,0.00007349738,0.0001449514,0.00001553013,0.000848708,0.00002291398,0.00003216933,0.00009014328,0.00003104715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001044022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001117112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003913769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006980514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991114,0.00002221836,0.0002890929,0.0001667098,0.0002399727,0.0001706386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990167,0.0001639551,0.0002718822,0.0004254718,0.00009509025,0.0000269031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005284482,0.00009947215,0.00004995834,0.0002398844,0.00007411887,3.144903e-7,0.009793624,0.000007085015,0.00389203,0.004519934,0.980671,0.0005997703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002799053,0.00000828946,0.0000215751,0.00002874168,0.00003393078,0.000001646898,0.001660972,0.000002723043,0.005927016,0.0002487005,0.9916928,0.00009363463],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1463394,0.01392195,0.0001812933,0.002643713,0.05731237,0.001392983,0.0003344539,0.00008855628,0.7777853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3337435,0.00001506425,0.00007579919,0.00007856318,0.00009135501,0.00002814744,0.00001125343,0.00001717854,0.6659392],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1874041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9897002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908179369","doi":"","title":"Een vinger in de Amerikaanse pap: Fundamenteel fysisch en defensieonderzoek in Nederland tijdens de vroege Koude Oorlog","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Cartography; Geography; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007645596413766107,"gpt":0.180563895315579,"spread":0.1729182989018128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006088297,0.0006714956,0.000761129,0.002413296,0.0008558567,0.0002471926,0.001218966,0.0006892499,0.001138386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005199588,0.0008706444,0.0003194087,0.0007368745,0.000435354,0.0007678898,0.0002689887,0.001069988,0.0001401194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003372121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001187164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005917263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04392583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995838,0.000689021,0.000494993,0.001250119,0.0006013151,0.001126503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980068,0.0002068489,0.0005118812,0.0006560859,0.0002643982,0.0003539743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006093448,0.003630713,0.1714952,0.001377409,0.002513004,0.02857397,0.5931938,0.0001226248,0.005311908,0.008530799,0.1576177,0.0215393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002768,0.000134067,0.02851514,0.0007954701,0.0003596646,0.00003514965,0.1191431,0.00007488087,0.0007068776,0.000136124,0.8460451,0.001286397],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.722735,0.00009363424,0.00002882305,0.00009123301,0.006035248,0.0005279288,0.00008583193,0.0001879046,0.2702144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2875797,0.0001950329,0.0004806364,0.00005626124,0.0002124858,9.935528e-7,0.0004506757,0.00006147821,0.7109627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6884274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1599796612","doi":"10.24908/ijesjp.v1i2.4305","title":"Engineering Improvement: Social and Historical Perspectives on the NAE’s “Grand Challenges”","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Professionalization; Grand Challenges; Formative assessment; Social engineering (security); Premise; Engineering ethics; Sustainability; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Political science; Public relations; Engineering; Social science; Law; Pedagogy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03932899491349668,"gpt":0.2402976666786006,"spread":0.200968671765104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003856983,0.0001036502,0.0001132937,0.0001017253,0.0001831679,0.000131832,0.0001377,0.00003210317,0.0000691332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000117178,0.00008013698,0.00005356133,0.00001849004,0.00003970278,0.0002553751,0.00003994596,0.0002129562,0.000003184645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001625473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001292371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006116077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002166413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992231,0.00001269053,0.0001858557,0.00008282193,0.0003341255,0.0001614697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995363,0.0001132918,0.0001086211,0.00002682198,0.0001590667,0.00005590842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001134323,0.0002673845,0.0000862279,0.0001796335,0.0007671593,0.00001936985,0.5928369,0.00005931564,0.001296211,0.3336846,0.0525745,0.0181153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005786466,0.00006212847,0.00511036,0.00006788404,0.0001461899,0.00002246209,0.0265416,0.0001577049,0.00003252127,0.0000453815,0.9670054,0.0002297103],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8890848,0.01928011,0.0007191658,0.01882866,0.06587835,0.00022368,0.00003547322,0.00007194374,0.005877874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935049,0.0007254955,0.00008345793,0.0000811001,0.004324344,0.00000212064,8.276122e-7,0.00001231537,0.001265395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9144309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3267891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385597423","doi":"10.59962/9780774863896","title":"The Bomb in the Wilderness","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of British Columbia Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wilderness; Nuclear weapon; Geography; Political science; Ecology; Biology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02139091251591439,"gpt":0.1627901961464796,"spread":0.1413992836305652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003066083,0.0001217107,0.0002726218,0.00002580627,0.0007363886,0.0009965587,0.001456014,0.0001128504,0.0003808095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001399377,0.0001779361,0.0001486068,0.00001029966,0.001146622,0.00009864032,0.0003293948,0.0004278584,0.00002411535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007983815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000258298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06125577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5892331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984303,0.0001192844,0.0002347057,0.0003729156,0.0005634964,0.0002793515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990522,0.000129935,0.0002546368,0.0003668047,0.000140567,0.00005588067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000852055,0.00001758181,0.00001203709,0.00006317179,0.0000604887,0.0001664078,0.01493861,1.883222e-7,9.473375e-8,0.002448678,0.9618767,0.0204075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003446607,0.0000180063,0.0004569303,0.0002541321,0.00004887609,0.000006215228,0.003256022,0.000004627325,6.033748e-8,0.001389975,0.9940204,0.0002001008],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003809887,0.0003485474,0.000001965529,0.0000727059,0.003464875,0.0006359192,0.0005479017,0.00004239053,0.9945047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001624154,0.0001099984,0.00001187602,0.0001092549,0.0001175668,0.00000129763,0.00006194943,0.00001917883,0.9979447],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5279773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9609838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1755163408","doi":"10.4102/nc.v71i0.196","title":"Churchill’s British atomic relations with Malan’s government in South Africa, 1951-1954","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Contree","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commonwealth; Politics; Political science; Assertion; Law; Economic history; Political economy; Sociology; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01066598462545122,"gpt":0.1626634416306089,"spread":0.1519974570051577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002100764,0.0001438204,0.0001899533,0.00005526468,0.0001997796,0.0003477131,0.0002162274,0.00003940813,0.00341625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004440277,0.0001404155,0.00004349001,0.00006231483,0.0001120086,0.0002185584,0.00005835279,0.0001474423,0.0006639775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001305391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007597713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006761597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02836818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984983,0.00004245322,0.0002691848,0.0003473933,0.0004793123,0.0003633842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999418,0.00004906759,0.0001092395,0.0002592478,0.00003587679,0.000128568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001304921,0.0003010564,0.134813,0.0000299271,0.0001520885,0.0000547886,0.1534093,0.00006368649,0.00004183459,0.04321319,0.5965621,0.07122856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001732129,0.00003451681,0.1061226,0.00008297306,0.00001644178,0.000002246137,0.001351593,0.000151645,0.000003288623,0.0008898809,0.8893795,0.0002331898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5395501,0.0002248134,0.000380895,0.0009704384,0.00560174,0.0006173132,0.0001535358,0.0001665566,0.4523346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6889952,0.000001333132,0.0002002588,0.0001417275,0.0001492533,0.0000117896,0.00001711033,0.00001543144,0.3104678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2928174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212472262","doi":"10.1080/00295450.2021.1913033","title":"Canadian Contributions to the Manhattan Project and Early Nuclear Research","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Technology","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Manhattan project; Uranium; Research reactor; Political science; Enriched uranium; Nuclear weapon; Environmental science; Public administration; Nuclear physics; Physics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0358710060318489,"gpt":0.2917777145642659,"spread":0.255906708532417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000421091,0.00008844725,0.0001125998,0.000505016,0.001632853,0.000461818,0.000393551,0.0001077583,0.001826858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002478751,0.00007218011,0.0000238103,0.0004156479,0.0004996969,0.00009199748,0.0003016615,0.0004088332,0.001891544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001908963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001974286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01710696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1642315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986756,0.0000718763,0.000142078,0.0003382702,0.0002177265,0.0005544447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989941,0.00002375479,0.00002138542,0.0004219211,0.0004190047,0.0001198686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005027414,0.00002565334,0.00032036,0.000005114936,0.00003202204,0.00005997031,0.0144972,6.721164e-8,0.0002301926,0.5673745,0.4072807,0.01016921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009918889,0.00004811346,0.001575197,0.00001430977,0.000004404492,0.00002074602,0.01129462,0.000004740916,0.00002152689,0.002044226,0.984782,0.00009093346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8399323,0.0002139989,7.608644e-7,0.09388873,0.003608471,0.0005843148,0.0001734783,0.0002919454,0.06130598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9644767,0.00001445864,0.0001560218,0.0006757621,0.00008768137,0.00001321897,0.000006512113,0.0000284281,0.0345412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5775012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236291238","doi":"10.1142/q0228","title":"Pioneering British Women Chemists","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01738865417631913,"gpt":0.1839200211522502,"spread":0.166531366975931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001424525,0.0007722817,0.0008352041,0.000850299,0.00142458,0.006908434,0.001806116,0.0001602422,0.01232287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006101788,0.0009009242,0.0002567244,0.0002064183,0.001554592,0.0003199173,0.0008674307,0.000903853,0.01207549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006341135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001199054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002352803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001545185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934382,0.00007054053,0.001037895,0.002125283,0.001827291,0.001500829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964375,0.00006917003,0.0005824446,0.001627166,0.0008082803,0.0004754078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009828082,0.00003300377,0.000004498998,0.0003012703,0.0001122298,0.0001170902,0.01224046,0.000001319755,0.0002106603,0.01200727,0.9687181,0.006244313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003684033,0.00001455363,0.00001518979,0.0007129543,0.00003769491,0.00001443676,0.0001477671,0.00000861746,0.00006589437,0.0007520222,0.9968005,0.001061997],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001718486,0.0002440223,0.000002512496,0.0000229088,0.09478435,0.0007659132,0.0003879515,0.0004437191,0.9016302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001162072,0.000005184135,0.00005923029,0.0002757604,0.001169665,0.00006565819,0.0006867058,0.0002434843,0.9963322],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0947021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W642299733","doi":"10.5860/choice.49-5724","title":"Turbulent times in mathematics: the life of J. C. Fields and the history of the Fields Medal","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Choice Reviews Online","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medal; History of mathematics; History; Classics; Genealogy; Mathematics; Art history; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05811974887830464,"gpt":0.2618313048201301,"spread":0.2037115559418255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00123308,0.0001008439,0.0002980288,0.00002637623,0.00006043701,0.00001259311,0.000354339,0.00003400369,0.0009359641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004566979,0.00003975205,0.0001049353,0.00004151048,0.000465329,0.00009020812,0.0001108447,0.0001663454,0.00001113743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002495113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005201513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001140972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005930442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989043,0.0001497363,0.0005164396,0.00008927146,0.0001936416,0.0001465986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989274,0.0002884135,0.0003187984,0.0003898459,0.00004403029,0.0000315757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000257671,0.000849492,0.002544091,0.002189826,0.0001475763,3.089563e-7,0.2704017,0.000003635803,0.00002599226,0.0271345,0.6667493,0.02992775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002496121,0.000005116697,0.002015386,0.0002719512,0.00004418816,8.305188e-7,0.0008019328,0.00005397329,0.000005402449,0.0002461879,0.9962513,0.00005410678],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2012598,0.69281,0.00003246202,0.02211391,0.0351329,0.003974761,0.00006858427,0.00003465723,0.04457289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5944536,0.02252778,0.000702463,0.005765982,0.001316874,0.0001193805,0.00002533654,0.00003905086,0.3750496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6702822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377260938","doi":"10.1515/9780773572706","title":"An Element of Hope","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Element (criminal law); Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01830088405913616,"gpt":0.2004416326510333,"spread":0.1821407485918971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001865503,0.0004706452,0.000540708,0.0003951936,0.0005657787,0.0001064918,0.0009829355,0.0002288332,0.001378371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004426973,0.0005017876,0.0002361958,0.0000114663,0.0004686382,0.0003300291,0.0004042118,0.0003724946,0.00006336533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004418444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001874934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000512202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001144959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975777,0.0001035001,0.00042066,0.0007068152,0.0007157704,0.0004755505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980837,0.0000329139,0.0005104739,0.0007964469,0.0003546179,0.0002218681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007315383,0.0001236747,0.000002273131,0.0001671831,0.0002569831,0.00005878057,0.004010607,0.00001001071,0.000006710493,0.6799408,0.3107532,0.004596607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005725328,0.00008072726,0.000008379566,0.0001558082,0.0001699736,4.204562e-7,0.0005134192,0.000005144269,0.0001331937,0.0001463794,0.9976866,0.000527393],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001917212,0.000002374657,0.000008486087,0.00002983714,0.003898459,0.0005434958,0.001771751,0.0001635303,0.9935629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006375514,0.00003603215,0.000245365,0.00009162341,0.0002548698,0.000001516923,0.0003751625,0.00005635917,0.9983015],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6869335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133891233","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2021.1885452","title":"Rutherford and the Cavendish Laboratory","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Period (music); Graduate students; Nuclear physics; Classics; History; Physics; Art history; Medicine; Medical education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01248452452960674,"gpt":0.2022887472083751,"spread":0.1898042226787684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000607647,0.00007239425,0.0001766425,0.000008232246,0.0002363977,0.0001250299,0.0002231046,0.00002744971,0.0005069937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004027547,0.00003559591,0.0002198143,0.00004428889,0.0003413946,0.00007697875,0.00009024571,0.0001875433,0.000002729437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001945835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001971867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004883829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005518528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991286,0.00007147993,0.0002798242,0.00007067371,0.0003314888,0.0001179041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991942,0.00006710366,0.0003423012,0.0001335384,0.0002059986,0.00005686985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003024941,0.0000256304,0.003757919,0.00001582864,0.0001783411,0.000001430885,0.03917398,0.00001623615,0.00003101831,0.0002649689,0.9554937,0.001010652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001515935,0.00001463508,0.01163486,0.00006609301,0.00006117733,0.000007849708,0.004757689,0.00005277603,0.000141395,0.001313087,0.980375,0.00005949597],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.9484965,0.003777466,0.00001969498,0.02521089,0.01771628,0.0001654549,0.00005140817,0.000009353314,0.004552905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4173517,0.0002816751,0.0006060781,0.001837811,0.001141451,6.722537e-7,0.000001822526,0.00001938812,0.5787594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5742065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5551225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994205332","doi":"10.1002/bewi.201900009","title":"Convergence in Cold War Physics: Coinventing the Maser in the Postwar Soviet Union","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Soviet union; Maser; Cold war; Convergence (economics); Conceptualization; Heuristics; World War II; Period (music); Iron Curtain; History; Political science; Theoretical physics; Physics; Economic history; Astrophysics; Law; Aesthetics; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01749470323683137,"gpt":0.2087674043394435,"spread":0.1912727011026121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002230906,0.0003673043,0.0003556755,0.0001520027,0.0003693699,0.0002824745,0.0009408028,0.00008107073,0.001440822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007009234,0.0002375388,0.0001336056,0.0005166624,0.0002781015,0.0005650556,0.0002145,0.0006279653,0.001955996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005568963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001035385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007279617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002030373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966608,0.0005246497,0.0006574368,0.0006167419,0.0007650694,0.000775357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984149,0.0002627725,0.000287337,0.0008331941,0.0001299122,0.00007192554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003737878,0.001517837,0.1683653,0.0005702348,0.0003498762,0.0003775799,0.3120484,0.0008839382,0.01155929,0.2355581,0.262728,0.005667639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001816062,0.00009897951,0.04991632,0.0003572179,0.00004672389,0.00001687646,0.03759681,0.001834099,0.0006635101,0.002595914,0.9041143,0.0009431762],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9492788,0.0007220306,0.00002070891,0.003572889,0.01251203,0.001650537,0.00004385579,0.00009863126,0.03210048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.975774,0.00007045369,0.00009967282,0.001599547,0.0002728665,0.00005290148,0.00004472164,0.00004475984,0.02204107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6413863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505511616","doi":"10.1057/9781137438744_9","title":"Serendipitous Outcomes in Space History: From Space Photography to Environmental Surveillance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Navy; Context (archaeology); Weather satellite; Satellite; Geography; Government (linguistics); Meteorology; Remote sensing; Photography; Space (punctuation); Launched; Political science; History; Aeronautics; Computer science; Visual arts; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Archaeology; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01744020282934112,"gpt":0.1907632321566794,"spread":0.1733230293273383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003083767,0.0009920074,0.0011301,0.000774728,0.0001910826,0.0001810633,0.0007653064,0.0003012362,0.008821851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001691155,0.0009780186,0.0004063535,0.00001230542,0.0004951498,0.000006721404,0.000354959,0.0005294465,0.001887588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006599938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001762168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01380469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960815,0.00008181466,0.0007443656,0.00136562,0.0009158458,0.0008108673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978875,0.0001339285,0.000458949,0.001101683,0.00004220094,0.0003757733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004117584,0.00005344743,0.1165345,0.0002681749,0.001993387,0.0006144685,0.07909536,0.000007759683,0.000797992,0.6886443,0.09064799,0.02093089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006507098,0.00006607967,0.01638022,0.0001299077,0.00004030129,0.000002163972,0.0001503539,0.000003827852,0.00002319237,0.02208617,0.9592073,0.001259765],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01275718,0.000667371,0.00001342954,0.00008873188,0.02041778,0.001152314,0.001798613,0.0002029271,0.9629017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5259224,0.00003134931,0.0001503488,0.0004714062,0.0003182847,0.00003717086,0.0004037138,0.0001383472,0.472527],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8685593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1758403395","doi":"10.14288/bcs.v0i11.710","title":"Cominco and the Manhattan Project","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Collections","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Nuclear weapon; Manhattan project; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02580268762775935,"gpt":0.2497439537063937,"spread":0.2239412660786344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003745734,0.00006474881,0.00008473613,0.00003628672,0.004964791,0.004680985,0.0002875881,0.0000176272,0.00544376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003895213,0.00004093362,0.0000225251,0.000126821,0.0004571957,0.0002307061,0.0001884417,0.0001487576,0.00003924784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000934105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007857542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005902087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05637996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99947,0.0000372195,0.0001130356,0.0001575597,0.0000981452,0.0001240225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996209,0.00006596165,0.00004092423,0.0001840498,0.00005982802,0.00002836392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001894933,0.00002685984,0.00002478047,0.000001566381,0.00001943847,4.498675e-7,0.006546224,4.065441e-8,0.000005882771,0.02610215,0.9665249,0.0007287413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006983452,0.000009278352,0.0001462781,0.000003248606,0.00001052963,0.000007018713,0.002297876,0.00003708669,0.000007662186,0.002693343,0.9940215,0.00006786996],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002542525,0.000007504668,0.00000442309,0.0006463742,0.01261867,0.0008014239,0.00002849934,0.00002835504,0.9833222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03680017,0.000003135803,0.0002669085,0.0001791049,0.000105451,0.0001281253,0.000005377965,0.000006866806,0.9625049],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05047787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W339634562","doi":"10.1177/007327531305100205","title":"Seeing the Invisible: The Introduction and Development of Electron Microscopy in Britain, 1935–1945","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Electron microscope; History; Art history; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01625242579434679,"gpt":0.2091607582818183,"spread":0.1929083324874716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001170638,0.00007014033,0.00008896425,0.0001594738,0.000372036,0.00005406451,0.0003734917,0.00001175365,0.0002470655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005470474,0.00004417813,0.00001099108,0.0001436025,0.003343879,0.0004244797,0.00008950631,0.00008945832,0.00001750774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002972932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004267152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002524791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003627055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989225,0.00002827269,0.0002682636,0.0002213648,0.0003474497,0.000212176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994569,0.0000245971,0.0001458483,0.0001890706,0.0001569237,0.00002664728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001421147,0.0001187865,0.002554141,0.00009217892,0.00001309361,3.469636e-7,0.5301111,0.00001263816,0.2095072,0.005623178,0.2207333,0.0312198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001062532,0.0000154698,0.02867516,0.00002745833,0.000002331015,0.000001401251,0.00625733,0.00003833017,0.007975222,0.0001687927,0.956641,0.00009125887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893948,0.0009763837,0.0000139307,0.0005113741,0.005759848,0.0002378019,6.350799e-7,0.000008377481,0.003096852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980902,0.00001398148,0.0007503749,0.0001046422,0.00005025773,0.00001364128,0.000001033688,0.000004307081,0.01815982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7359077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162376023","doi":"10.1063/1.2349731","title":"Stories from the early days of quantum mechanics","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Today","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Engineering physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03062589767105748,"gpt":0.2177239156423568,"spread":0.1870980179712994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001362754,0.0001091891,0.0001290725,0.00001312598,0.0002519653,0.0001417212,0.0002873482,0.00001909319,0.0004201951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009315866,0.00007630842,0.00006566886,0.00005302748,0.0001255605,0.0002187505,0.00007277622,0.00008544689,0.0001566976],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001794512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003117711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002459117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003952674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990824,0.00003201399,0.0002016824,0.0001754234,0.0003270493,0.0001813918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993595,0.00008293842,0.0001306574,0.0002946043,0.0001123362,0.00001996377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000596254,0.00008251076,0.0006736154,0.000005425096,0.00003452964,6.032134e-7,0.02292256,0.00001147409,0.0005068348,0.8951371,0.07948136,0.001137989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002256794,0.00002150281,0.004902818,0.00002815552,0.00003185577,6.428197e-8,0.0018756,0.0002645598,0.001652081,0.4083441,0.5824478,0.000205865],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8890453,0.0005683825,0.007110804,0.0007030247,0.05715593,0.0005513786,0.001049089,0.0002146859,0.04360141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888828,0.000003182225,0.00007658832,0.00006029835,0.0007159666,0.000005921828,0.00007438107,0.0000144726,0.01016638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5029664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4600841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127216604","doi":"","title":"De \"átomos para la paz\" a los reactores de potencia: Tecnología y política nuclear en la Argentina (1955-1976)","year":2005,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad - CTS","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Treaty; Context (archaeology); Nuclear weapon; Atomic energy; Political science; Nuclear power; Commission; Politics; Humanities; International trade; Economic history; Economy; Law; Geography; Nuclear physics; History; Sociology; Physics; Economics; Archaeology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360106502011631,"gpt":0.2594268479075397,"spread":0.2458257828874234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003727996,0.001317945,0.001503108,0.0006876987,0.001858964,0.003268697,0.002641105,0.001055869,0.002360675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001852462,0.001321908,0.0008258623,0.0009678024,0.00435664,0.0008855673,0.0008955487,0.002049142,0.001172494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00266323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002582665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001121183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001059858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9894581,0.001787557,0.00156073,0.002028246,0.001398522,0.003766832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948006,0.000965706,0.001276287,0.001598015,0.0003723336,0.0009870875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002656619,0.004281668,0.03216594,0.001459222,0.002303403,0.001995602,0.1067686,0.00006575679,0.05834509,0.2405663,0.3221824,0.2296003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008722318,0.0002145862,0.03563181,0.0005279045,0.000452153,0.0003792499,0.008522624,0.0004208472,0.0003924022,0.0007548414,0.9502441,0.001587268],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287374,0.005250228,0.0003431198,0.005280877,0.001455252,0.001522712,0.0006345064,0.001171308,0.0556046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682341,0.002561923,0.007338776,0.002910093,0.0008586594,0.0001053666,0.0000777543,0.0002563588,0.01765703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6280617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017324571","doi":"10.7202/1006928ar","title":"Biography of an Artifact: The Theratron Junior and Canada’s Atomic Age","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science Technology and Medicine","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exhibition; Artifact (error); Biography; Narrative; Visual arts; Art history; Aesthetics; History; Art; Sociology; Computer science; Literature; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02165802261263937,"gpt":0.181871775325565,"spread":0.1602137527129257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001384088,0.0001049595,0.0002218707,0.001694908,0.0008139496,0.00001424501,0.0009505337,0.00003907109,0.0002722461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001252438,0.00005903756,0.00003158406,0.0005366245,0.02713994,0.0002168371,0.00005814352,0.0002021217,1.754249e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002881624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006234974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7079004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9889245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986402,0.00003741371,0.0003665495,0.0001890073,0.0004504932,0.0003163177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985546,0.00001529691,0.0004288274,0.0003302565,0.000338092,0.0003329318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007003506,0.00008168393,0.05525131,0.0001047864,0.000269899,0.0002192241,0.2980289,0.00000246137,0.02488628,0.1102443,0.4828598,0.02798127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006592781,0.0003146615,0.09982652,0.0002710304,0.0001888353,0.0002564275,0.04545155,0.00001249969,0.001962458,0.005738751,0.8450534,0.000264603],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764721,0.002098455,9.059597e-7,0.003180607,0.01597312,0.0001033723,0.00001217348,0.000003314688,0.00215589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951624,0.00001614134,0.000071888,0.0002858892,0.00002492069,5.081362e-7,2.661803e-7,0.000004334243,0.004433704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3621935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224117503","doi":"10.4000/monderusse.13105","title":"East-West scientific collaboration face-to-face with dissidence: The logic of the International Committee of Mathematicians in defence of Plyushch and Shikhanovich","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cahiers du monde russe","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fraternity; Face (sociological concept); Context (archaeology); Politics; International community; International relations; Soviet union; Political science; Sociology; State (computer science); Law; Media studies; Social science; History; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01495814562623011,"gpt":0.2094297442035319,"spread":0.1944715985773018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007514691,0.00009693156,0.0001536048,0.0001512608,0.000437166,0.0001176049,0.0006114188,0.00001966805,0.0003070865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001027028,0.00006006048,0.00002773394,0.0004433547,0.001090579,0.0001625365,0.0002153846,0.0001399002,0.000002761351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008334568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001526467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003751224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005685435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985819,0.00009301376,0.0003290608,0.0002088162,0.0006512093,0.0001359806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991183,0.00008339179,0.0002914179,0.0002968892,0.000180506,0.00002945834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001634844,0.0004758262,0.03456525,0.0001712621,0.00009294521,0.000005197199,0.8347351,0.003630539,0.007318066,0.1070878,0.01129901,0.0004555753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002038842,0.0003486209,0.1311705,0.000573879,0.0001163325,0.00001995535,0.7962303,0.004043768,0.007238515,0.01369146,0.04385379,0.0006740813],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941551,0.00009486463,0.00007922543,0.001668572,0.002002072,0.0004579636,0.0001615445,0.000006557587,0.001374077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928166,0.000002495442,0.0001562553,0.00008504494,0.000009469337,0.00003225819,0.00001027458,0.000007382401,0.006880246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09660525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4018284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135071669","doi":"10.2478/s13386-012-0010-8","title":"From the discovery of radioactivity to the development of the K-Ar dating method","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochronometria","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej; Iowa State University; University of Calgary","keywords":"Radiometric dating; K–Ar dating; Radium; Curie; Potassium; Polonium; Isotope; Radiochemistry; Natural radioactivity; Geology; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Nuclear physics; Geochemistry; Physics; Curie temperature; Radionuclide","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05158385178687016,"gpt":0.2698609565040973,"spread":0.2182771047172271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002350968,0.0001369646,0.0002079973,0.00008452787,0.0005221362,0.0001228996,0.0007906895,0.00002445605,0.001190027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003402995,0.00006329006,0.0001098604,0.0003368266,0.0001766163,0.0004005281,0.00046981,0.0001244209,0.00006259824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007966543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001322272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003888682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004937185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983836,0.0002186724,0.0004482167,0.0001983275,0.0004354568,0.0003156911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983109,0.0006255664,0.0003279908,0.0006237475,0.0000656397,0.00004615175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007970514,0.00052326,0.05391665,0.00006840517,0.0009187043,1.533169e-7,0.5718746,0.00008046121,0.002942007,0.01150705,0.09151981,0.2665692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000254272,0.000009082432,0.2935615,0.0000548551,0.000050956,3.079611e-7,0.01130601,0.00001714011,0.008049163,0.0001968894,0.6863294,0.0001704187],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9605936,0.0004592806,0.007335844,0.0007175424,0.01996283,0.0007378447,0.0003068819,0.00001748419,0.009868627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872158,0.000001074797,0.006927501,0.0001004244,0.0004446203,0.00002042988,0.00002003698,0.00001115856,0.005258986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5948096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409556606","doi":"10.70359/bhc2011v036p035","title":"The rise and fall of domestic chemistry in higher education in England during the early 20th century","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin for the history of chemistry","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Fall of man; History; Chemistry; Political science; Law; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01955765322502985,"gpt":0.1893975869632828,"spread":0.1698399337382529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003937893,0.0001106834,0.0001227633,0.0000162396,0.0001346985,0.00001779216,0.0003421627,0.00004469366,0.001452899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000488654,0.00006724647,0.00004603928,0.00002131346,0.00064188,0.00002682084,0.00006014599,0.000139492,0.000003363499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001406967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001258037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003026818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005633632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991863,0.00002021791,0.0003026418,0.0001687126,0.0001503769,0.0001717488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928,0.0001340136,0.0002085817,0.0002858615,0.00006364571,0.00002788048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002890828,0.002629208,0.0504945,0.007477205,0.0004661414,0.00001654173,0.5075951,0.0000138216,0.06820453,0.00244531,0.3338485,0.02391834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004894222,0.00000418732,0.02258629,0.00007189126,0.00001368694,0.000001675634,0.001168789,0.000001113689,0.0008620539,0.0001263081,0.9745874,0.00008711433],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9629539,0.009218699,1.513508e-7,0.0002345186,0.003475056,0.0002282607,0.00001319371,0.000008253617,0.023868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7206509,0.0001003017,0.00001611878,0.00001111324,0.0000802041,0.00004244222,0.000002565371,0.00001010265,0.2790863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.640739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093234833","doi":"10.1002/bewi.200801333","title":"Beyond <i>Weimar Culture</i> – Die Bedeutung der Forman‐These für eine Wissenschaftsgeschichte in kulturhistorischer Perspektive","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02390337732758754,"gpt":0.2390798012760324,"spread":0.2151764239484449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001460425,0.001466071,0.0014036,0.0008701446,0.001429736,0.00044823,0.001233759,0.0004626877,0.002175186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003886009,0.001324519,0.0005589924,0.0007957147,0.001275713,0.00220915,0.0005386993,0.001622844,0.0027225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005227502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003739367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006831814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002641864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916337,0.0004852712,0.001777994,0.002004538,0.001832521,0.002265989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958859,0.0002275118,0.000770001,0.001442196,0.0008838417,0.0007905572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001609843,0.002439742,0.01175254,0.0003887553,0.001839459,0.003522078,0.4367286,0.0001286736,0.01388906,0.02263917,0.5018334,0.003228716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003056404,0.0002403384,0.008995433,0.0002135333,0.0002258495,0.0002663921,0.00754712,0.0002232728,0.001077689,0.0008229329,0.9751061,0.00222492],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6633927,0.01362621,0.00009029448,0.002450991,0.0277334,0.00258503,0.0003332584,0.001123567,0.2886646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7381417,0.0008412532,0.00317647,0.001592814,0.001518034,0.000159286,0.0003190039,0.0002722996,0.2539791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4732727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313493966","doi":"10.52083/kosc8456","title":"The electron microscope on the eve of its first centenary","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Anatomy","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Electron microscope; Art history; Microscope; Art; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02467587395076086,"gpt":0.2277406540115928,"spread":0.203064780060832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001843335,0.0001001197,0.0001110686,0.0001101033,0.0005867091,0.0001809488,0.0006299659,0.000006538547,0.0003354629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001091056,0.00004939036,0.0001114422,0.0001325306,0.0001753415,0.0001201273,0.00008325287,0.0002346384,0.0006655593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002419352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004595486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.416127e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007555226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985982,0.0002398779,0.0004159821,0.00009709429,0.000394976,0.0002539242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990022,0.0001562479,0.0003747769,0.0001827761,0.000230241,0.00005381489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007363391,0.00005132023,0.0002160641,0.00001540977,0.0001222947,0.0001077201,0.009854047,0.000007367025,0.0004441749,0.007691122,0.9792076,0.002209252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002215387,0.00009884052,0.00677862,0.0001063724,0.00000972519,0.000007969617,0.001538461,0.000006817839,0.000710222,0.00007430026,0.990385,0.00006211508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8743305,0.0008745361,0.000001735376,0.0100038,0.01227026,0.0001982447,0.00001712169,0.00003386391,0.10227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514041,0.0004186067,0.000005714472,0.0002831161,0.0002608447,4.474375e-7,0.000002337903,0.00002282079,0.047602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07707367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.855464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1847281797","doi":"10.1063/pt.3.2928","title":"Lise Meitner and the discovery of fission","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Today","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear fission; Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; Fission; Neutron; Nuclear physics; Physics; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04208326654006478,"gpt":0.2283760896886776,"spread":0.1862928231486128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002455753,0.00006092613,0.00009679648,0.00001251146,0.00009030774,0.0001221518,0.0001016346,0.000008960889,0.00005303161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002407057,0.00003351429,0.00002971307,0.00002498626,0.000336791,0.0003332345,0.00008538976,0.0000441509,0.00003094325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007189483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002606892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005587484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001375401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994642,0.00003253048,0.0001080006,0.000103781,0.0001996117,0.00009191423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996535,0.00003831913,0.00006387141,0.0001474199,0.00006376101,0.00003313536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001159207,0.0001397182,0.0008254845,0.00003557161,0.00006308172,0.000001070106,0.1468086,0.000009272396,0.0002350041,0.5926107,0.245461,0.01369461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001974674,0.00002587462,0.001130647,0.00005737281,0.00003789759,5.067559e-7,0.004735661,0.000239039,0.001302116,0.1033329,0.8869567,0.000206574],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7344484,0.0007178172,0.0003881809,0.002104634,0.02453969,0.0005483379,0.00008716954,0.0000669275,0.2370988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9247392,0.000007523712,0.00003853725,0.00009014524,0.0001816903,0.000003982428,0.000008904356,0.000005702462,0.07492434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6414957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1366673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W619989333","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4757-3671-7","title":"Theoretical physics at the end of the twentieth century : lecture notes of the CRM summer school, Banff, Alberta","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Griffin; Integrable system; Physics; Quantum chromodynamics; Mathematical physics; Particle physics; Mesoscopic physics; Space (punctuation); Theoretical physics; Geography; Quantum mechanics; Philosophy; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01723653281892489,"gpt":0.1998037114589916,"spread":0.1825671786400667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003977568,0.0005773328,0.0005700393,0.00005602351,0.0008410793,0.0002054082,0.001965228,0.000279718,0.1039257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002081814,0.0002410344,0.0008027908,0.0001193116,0.005207888,0.0001299815,0.001148104,0.0008864932,0.0003807074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001819746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003757218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002242214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00223306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963924,0.0002366159,0.0007645317,0.0005965647,0.001464186,0.0005456932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964072,0.0006606301,0.0007464866,0.001769703,0.0003205097,0.00009553966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001909563,0.00009700124,0.0002120313,0.0001229619,0.0003347073,4.31631e-7,0.008506448,0.000006425497,0.00002858642,0.4305549,0.5573746,0.002742808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002584061,0.0000175713,0.0002318791,0.0002709748,0.0002402404,0.000001937958,0.0001979886,0.00001846314,0.0007738562,0.03305942,0.9645908,0.0003384606],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000631264,0.001231731,0.00001274301,0.002135645,0.02582304,0.001035664,0.0003211401,0.00002327151,0.9687855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06376073,0.0001399692,0.0000167781,0.0008166208,0.0006327892,0.00001342955,0.00007730097,0.00007217089,0.9344702],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4072162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2964829221","doi":"10.1142/9789811206290_0019","title":"Harriet Brooks: Radon, A “New Gas” from Radium","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Radon; Radium; Radon gas; Environmental science; Noble gas; Radiochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Nuclear physics; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03571365808500175,"gpt":0.1994932421250361,"spread":0.1637795840400343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081352,0.00101104,0.0009846964,0.001228001,0.001230764,0.003741193,0.001675778,0.0002686516,0.06516375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001713721,0.0009757617,0.000579031,0.00005176446,0.001685889,0.0003137051,0.0005470077,0.0009320696,0.03427719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003213405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001187834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001523934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02427486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934387,0.00004970282,0.001161132,0.00235414,0.001937833,0.001058494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959249,0.0001301844,0.0007566437,0.002219783,0.0003659959,0.0006024246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002590686,0.00001743503,0.000009229368,0.00004187216,0.0001846481,0.0000301552,0.01172762,4.313708e-7,0.00008365748,0.1433342,0.8383563,0.006188527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006311513,0.00001858275,0.00001325369,0.0005660466,0.0001388629,0.000002181368,0.0001437765,0.000009547872,0.0001221547,0.03624099,0.9610111,0.001102398],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001443529,0.0007062933,0.00001267975,0.0002137487,0.13194,0.0009873485,0.001038175,0.000355062,0.8646024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007007256,0.000002434897,0.0003599232,0.0005382652,0.001894097,0.0000141478,0.001188475,0.000210327,0.9950916],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1304892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096551439","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2007.0003","title":"Rudolf Ernst Peierls. 5 June 1907 — 19 September 1995","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear weapon; Wife; Parallels; Bohr model; Disarmament; Pauli exclusion principle; Judaism; Physics; History; Law; Political science; Quantum mechanics; Nuclear physics; Archaeology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01457219583789818,"gpt":0.2202584858374352,"spread":0.2056862899995371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001481617,0.0002871955,0.0004169724,0.0001114229,0.0004685816,0.00006688729,0.0009079275,0.0002116143,0.001294241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006378415,0.000198797,0.001357109,0.0004320581,0.002118346,0.0001086757,0.0003288032,0.0003680541,0.0000393497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004339108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006102135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005050862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004992533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970797,0.00006366682,0.0007852447,0.0004282222,0.001063234,0.0005798952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998309,0.000149056,0.0004382227,0.0006245078,0.0002650754,0.0002141698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009534194,0.0007242252,0.03337795,0.0002509235,0.0006527397,0.000002784621,0.01172439,0.00002410319,0.001085411,0.00582537,0.9443197,0.001917108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008051728,0.00004958367,0.03590773,0.0001210502,0.0001338418,0.000001013751,0.00357845,0.0001017751,0.002018117,0.001096956,0.9557675,0.0004188769],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055107,0.0008602529,0.0001273863,0.0009176756,0.02310257,0.0007533184,0.000226365,0.0001386439,0.0683631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9176757,0.00003961964,0.001327275,0.0003557884,0.0002899913,0.000005522628,0.00002239568,0.00003262654,0.08025105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02281258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385600844","doi":"10.59962/9780774827041","title":"In Peace Prepared","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of British Columbia Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01584122867323614,"gpt":0.165745937297956,"spread":0.1499047086247199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002110599,0.0001381782,0.0004489591,0.00008920953,0.0001925149,0.0003334651,0.0006482051,0.000190449,0.003274623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009424012,0.0003480703,0.0001474578,0.000006229682,0.0006557822,0.0001628695,0.0003165593,0.000273754,0.00004898038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001754585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000250756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1118537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7252567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998405,0.00006716092,0.000275879,0.0005287922,0.0004189484,0.0003041584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989879,0.00003864516,0.000313188,0.0003659178,0.0002009239,0.00009344264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009732745,0.00003131874,0.00001359964,0.0001744238,0.00005582654,0.0001331089,0.006213873,5.170346e-7,5.05476e-7,0.0006052318,0.9875579,0.005203988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006431853,0.00002346026,0.0001641013,0.0006242893,0.00004524125,0.000005841688,0.0003067093,0.000007596958,2.492615e-7,0.0006453914,0.9971999,0.0003340266],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000975194,0.0001476959,0.00000382931,0.000003770595,0.004590052,0.0004569532,0.0006732037,0.00006718758,0.9930821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006440954,0.00003264062,0.00009060672,0.00003520693,0.0001099314,7.074728e-7,0.0001105691,0.00002893918,0.9989473],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.613403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157656350","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2021.005","title":"Atomic Routes and Cultures for a New Narrative on Franco’s Regime","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Culture & History Digital Journal","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación","keywords":"Dictatorship; Politics; Narrative; Atomic energy; State (computer science); Energy (signal processing); Business; Political science; Economy; Sociology; Economics; Computer science; Law; Physics; Social science; Democracy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02557689387900042,"gpt":0.2240085820738521,"spread":0.1984316881948517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008508594,0.0002048884,0.0002148379,0.0000613683,0.0005478242,0.0008992954,0.0001550888,0.00006191919,0.0008925708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001131497,0.0001534351,0.0001484764,0.00002767309,0.0001971238,0.0008722171,0.000034847,0.0002591368,0.00008144591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003248174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003157666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002225711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005334875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988541,0.00002146078,0.0002617689,0.0003081652,0.000292683,0.0002618222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991255,0.00002350464,0.0001761109,0.0001230162,0.0003181118,0.0002337816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003690262,0.00005168103,0.00003021767,0.00001118224,0.00006809361,0.00002748984,0.1336207,6.322085e-7,0.0001356887,0.003934812,0.8586692,0.003413352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006823025,0.00006928494,0.0001076539,0.00008795072,0.00001848959,0.0001114338,0.01412296,0.000001280216,0.00005362388,0.00283237,0.9816949,0.0002177502],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2520705,0.05708165,0.000481193,0.004818035,0.1650476,0.001333981,0.0007583546,0.0004236538,0.517985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08494373,0.00005619592,0.0004003497,0.0009340036,0.001953864,0.000006622902,0.00009515746,0.00002670251,0.9115834],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3935983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9773025,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005766381","doi":"10.1007/s12376-013-0084-5","title":"War Medicine as Springboard for Early Knowledge Construction in Radiology","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medicine Studies","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of King's College; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"History of medicine; Battlefield; Context (archaeology); Sketch; Medical knowledge; Radiology; Perspective (graphical); Medicine; Sociology; History; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Medical education; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06103439474637476,"gpt":0.3048823453205276,"spread":0.2438479505741528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005224579,0.0001899818,0.0004896533,0.0002946416,0.000262217,0.00001178765,0.0001547928,0.00003684366,0.002066263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005243145,0.0001255956,0.00003371568,0.00009205708,0.001884178,0.0001676927,0.00006807772,0.0001154899,0.0003459861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007443786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002610368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005500553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006994927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986024,0.00005127749,0.0004733673,0.0003349163,0.0001812659,0.0003567083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903,0.0002510316,0.0001168031,0.0001663162,0.0003674956,0.00006833761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003013347,0.00004485621,0.009356568,0.0001727013,0.0002277635,0.000004734033,0.2782356,3.325983e-7,0.000142054,0.02502274,0.6501013,0.03666125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002624526,0.0004824541,0.02010016,0.0003946523,0.00005321515,0.000009162003,0.09344339,0.00001355352,0.00002262026,0.01945664,0.8631644,0.0002352015],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7883565,0.01830524,0.00005343586,0.01421047,0.08076391,0.001765549,0.000007077811,0.0001755569,0.09636225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8816029,0.001279946,0.0005952579,0.0007262202,0.003092641,0.0004432372,0.00002662232,0.00003499259,0.1121982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2130631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007689225","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-15012-6","title":"Author Correction: Mechanisms governing the pioneering and redistribution capabilities of the non-classical pioneer PU.1","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Computer science; Law and economics; Political science; Law; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02271056030454936,"gpt":0.2433031835450717,"spread":0.2205926232405223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004432661,0.0002463311,0.0002784099,0.00005719956,0.001709232,0.000283948,0.00162218,0.000441653,0.0001530017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006128903,0.000159056,0.0001537421,0.0001915415,0.0009327084,0.0001590969,0.001117854,0.003344662,0.00001958589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001592669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000239237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004741666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001157643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982638,0.0002025134,0.0004343032,0.0003050854,0.0005829023,0.0002114444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972898,0.000290078,0.0004215295,0.001590854,0.0003458549,0.00006182867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000314532,0.00002669339,0.000009701774,0.00004364255,0.00005791117,1.234231e-7,0.008585775,7.58907e-7,0.00002433438,0.0576865,0.9332405,0.0003208611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007427238,0.00001275473,0.001041398,0.0002130582,0.00008889179,0.000003523684,0.004218969,0.001100266,0.00001514029,0.0008610224,0.9922009,0.0001698674],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001132356,0.009578358,0.0007222811,0.08781218,0.7127254,0.001808293,0.00178104,0.0002665199,0.1851927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2688916,0.0002883827,0.0004209917,0.0005055132,0.001016439,0.0001235704,0.001560486,0.00005382249,0.7271392],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.711709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965972898","doi":"10.17720/2409-5834.v6.2.2019.03c","title":"The use of telemedicine in radiodiagnosis in the 1920–1980s","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Medicine/ru","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Telemedicine; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Medicine; Medical physics; Political science; Internal medicine; Health care; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07468405354436221,"gpt":0.2213415072875061,"spread":0.1466574537431439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001554741,0.0001324856,0.000323635,0.0002669389,0.00005889323,0.000008808413,0.0004772946,0.00003711943,0.002345685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003085379,0.00007110838,0.00004797883,0.0001176286,0.001326745,0.0001470993,0.00003525874,0.0002128911,0.00004545334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002236302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001097758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001629613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002965139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980828,0.0001585198,0.0006324186,0.0002090167,0.000673759,0.0002435198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984767,0.0006726528,0.0002626187,0.0004718698,0.00007922661,0.00003694673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003827034,0.00009188953,0.02032367,0.00006916476,0.00001504868,0.000007879036,0.1103671,0.000004384519,0.0001067054,0.003423226,0.8607872,0.004765526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001024839,0.00009142305,0.032928,0.0002354947,0.00001278299,0.000001393597,0.006941354,0.00002216698,0.000004620085,0.00007279086,0.9585918,0.00007335484],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8395615,0.01134109,0.000003323639,0.009190727,0.06383594,0.001562827,0.00002114373,0.00003247565,0.07445093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8513973,0.0004120466,0.00003907644,0.001690292,0.0002691331,0.00003478879,0.00002052414,0.00001866546,0.1461182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1034257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782451881","doi":"10.5603/njo.2017.0045","title":"William David Coolidge (1873–1975). Biography with special reference to X-ray tubes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nowotwory Journal of Oncology","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biography; World War II; Quarter (Canadian coin); Art history; Law; Art; Political science; History; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0533849984489801,"gpt":0.2921009768440616,"spread":0.2387159783950815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082695,0.0002250862,0.0004888123,0.0004434751,0.0009482783,0.0004949055,0.001074146,0.00009708321,0.002645903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008993939,0.0001628906,0.000127292,0.00007271821,0.0007362869,0.0006759438,0.0001593718,0.0004277939,0.0003128138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002969258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001632328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980283,0.0001005727,0.0005993638,0.0002882521,0.000519105,0.0004644258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978878,0.00007715905,0.0006256205,0.0004615822,0.0006395254,0.0003083441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001584349,0.0008557253,0.03570472,0.00004398196,0.0005805217,0.001097357,0.03052812,0.00003429854,0.0005090058,0.007267428,0.8535373,0.06825718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009959263,0.001081813,0.04711143,0.00009895422,0.00004816242,0.00008143347,0.0009243303,5.152823e-7,0.00005441443,0.0002252219,0.9491615,0.0002162438],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6819614,0.0001465528,0.00005807501,0.001852818,0.04600438,0.0003099477,0.00005839627,0.0000291067,0.2695794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9581414,0.0000985079,0.002073694,0.0008283149,0.005002948,0.000007685482,0.000008408635,0.00003393629,0.03380507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2761801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2482754556","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781316017890.009","title":"Rutherford at McGill and Manchester universities: new challenges in Cambridge","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; First world war; Section (typography); Einstein; Economic history; Media studies; Library science; History; Sociology; Ancient history; Physics; Business; Advertising","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05832183365423951,"gpt":0.1906095756363455,"spread":0.132287741982106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001418102,0.0005277669,0.0004976638,0.0004383318,0.000424338,0.00007895387,0.0005012834,0.0002888537,0.0001851683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002792106,0.0005428352,0.000146768,0.00000480487,0.0006004727,0.0003200789,0.0008330754,0.0003132343,0.000141642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000783775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001393748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001582398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001955245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979402,0.00004176171,0.0002651086,0.0008977103,0.0003553447,0.0004998542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987473,0.00007558096,0.0002547901,0.0005293134,0.0001074354,0.0002856005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001431982,0.000008996608,0.000003751255,0.0001349704,0.0001361875,0.0002744213,0.002347861,7.453379e-8,0.000005361182,0.8944713,0.09663016,0.005843721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001126109,0.00004176527,0.00006573416,0.0004786198,0.00008689606,0.00001105636,0.001401451,0.000001598994,0.00001880795,0.00002632408,0.9960808,0.0006608191],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00136087,0.0006800402,0.00000246044,0.0001088935,0.003057508,0.0004065447,0.0009563891,0.0001147198,0.9933126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009823975,0.001004473,0.00001834665,0.00006840962,0.0001935807,5.227745e-7,0.00003923191,0.0000650679,0.997628],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8994507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285796404","doi":"10.1177/00207020221115442","title":"The origins and early history of Canada’s Cold War scientific intelligence, 1946-65","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Adversary; Cold war; Political science; Framing (construction); Preparedness; Military science; Government (linguistics); World War II; Law; Military history; History; Politics; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01324857170875962,"gpt":0.2269140113427812,"spread":0.2136654396340216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001467727,0.00015596,0.000318665,0.0005198555,0.001063831,0.0003532079,0.001358495,0.00001584287,0.001028857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002250184,0.0001213097,0.0002416109,0.0004596305,0.0004007175,0.0002967255,0.0002035014,0.0004048684,4.38998e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01182266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02185732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9556943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.995586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951089,0.0001689547,0.001071515,0.0001705534,0.003125465,0.0003545955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963354,0.0001055901,0.001411618,0.0001651045,0.001673884,0.0003084336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001146935,0.00005865931,0.005583044,0.00000380078,0.003447233,0.0002967035,0.002230761,0.002337211,0.00001793896,0.0231105,0.9608141,0.001985383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001651816,0.00003735883,0.003877927,0.00001025956,0.0002085883,0.0001777214,0.002275151,0.0001103757,0.000007874388,0.000899233,0.9921106,0.0001197732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7933473,0.01205764,0.0001507136,0.05048274,0.1322117,0.0001910664,0.001389071,0.000009630677,0.01016015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978394,0.00007633153,0.0000296635,0.0006091454,0.0004815464,0.000001045448,0.000003802973,0.000006808357,0.02039766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1850467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969320999","doi":"10.1119/1.5124693","title":"Calculating fissility without Legendre polynomials: A walk in the woods","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physics","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Legendre polynomials; Associated Legendre polynomials; Physics; Legendre transformation; Legendre function; Cloud chamber; Rayleigh scattering; Simple (philosophy); Orthogonal polynomials; Mathematical analysis; Classical orthogonal polynomials; Gegenbauer polynomials; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01928435461168515,"gpt":0.2464762359090133,"spread":0.2271918812973281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006937085,0.0001075138,0.0002621646,0.00005141532,0.00009757969,0.000140474,0.000348662,0.000009645998,0.0002472288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002095229,0.00006968822,0.0001084995,0.0001246667,0.0002436476,0.0003149567,0.00003079416,0.0002490017,0.00005364236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004798944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009389393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002058054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005402698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987434,0.0001487817,0.0003740072,0.0001232431,0.0003924545,0.000218166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990854,0.00008148408,0.0004910115,0.0001951569,0.0001011253,0.00004586099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001762345,0.0006723541,0.2571812,0.00005920573,0.0002703733,0.00003904476,0.4035727,0.0004792554,0.0008173845,0.01041721,0.0197228,0.3065923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002441827,0.0009302185,0.2069127,0.000401885,0.000110034,0.00006801722,0.1932481,0.0006281756,0.0004491445,0.003495532,0.5903818,0.0009325776],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899282,0.00003455197,0.00006668046,0.0003770456,0.002886899,0.0001068907,0.000006088774,0.000005937449,0.006587661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968787,0.000002235945,0.0002588687,0.0005035023,0.0003785833,0.000001009935,0.000001813833,0.000009594807,0.001965692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.570659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2841803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2744708043","doi":"10.3138/9781442662773-009","title":"7 Canadian University Scientists and Military Technology: The Challenge of Total War, 1939–1945","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"University of Toronto Press eBooks","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Total war; Military technology; Aeronautics; Engineering; Engineering ethics; Operations research; Spanish Civil War; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01726048878613377,"gpt":0.1666717910637359,"spread":0.1494113022776022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001719328,0.0002180084,0.0002990077,0.0001288933,0.0005541603,0.0000109744,0.000571564,0.0002099313,0.001718578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003633298,0.0002201729,0.0001054693,0.000001883124,0.001700544,0.0002091986,0.000430906,0.0001887831,0.000009075721],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003554153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002318223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5775664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8858883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989066,0.00002284221,0.0001452924,0.00034599,0.000279908,0.0002994215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989591,0.00002245418,0.0001874616,0.0004551898,0.0002042509,0.0001715675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001059657,0.00006318525,0.00006092356,0.0003639251,0.0008119791,0.00009406635,0.1554201,0.000001015929,0.00001494906,0.7352307,0.06065669,0.04717646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002374052,0.0000305071,0.0001096232,0.0001113887,0.0001257411,0.000002059558,0.001905014,0.000003955879,0.000004869376,0.0003308056,0.9969258,0.000212788],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005872243,0.007579687,0.000001385003,0.0001095403,0.002256146,0.0003506947,0.0007218697,0.00003416594,0.9883593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01962105,0.000690173,0.00007875312,0.000006142116,0.00003850177,6.158058e-8,0.00002494482,0.00001392046,0.9795265],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9362692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}