{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":902,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":902,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"fd9c4348cbcc","filters":{"topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation"}},"results":[{"id":"W1986081346","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2013.2771","title":"Stolt's f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":252,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Hyperbola; Frame rate; Physics; Plane wave; Seismic migration; Acoustics; Beamforming; Quality (philosophy); Optics; Reflector (photography); Image quality; Superposition principle; Geophysical imaging; Image formation; Diffraction; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006617128896229634,"gpt":0.1821276042910946,"spread":0.1755104753948649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001932019,0.0003430729,0.0003020488,0.0002249449,0.0003027552,0.0002255813,0.0001131014,0.0001494777,0.00008364362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004058062,0.0003422676,0.0001275503,0.0002715986,0.00004820137,0.0003533901,2.388031e-7,0.0003855437,0.00001987142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001473173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004751189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001125184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008085008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984252,0.00002950302,0.0004123541,0.0003576558,0.000220497,0.0005547389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986243,0.0007164651,0.00006935174,0.0002301026,0.0001867687,0.0001730261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006690812,0.0002615783,0.0001956978,0.0001943268,0.0003666377,0.000006061847,0.0004368012,0.05208145,0.7236933,0.001741865,0.001439158,0.2195162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001932158,0.0002660713,0.0003356235,0.00003711062,0.0001896601,0.00007987845,0.00007223494,0.9709693,0.02044919,0.004672722,0.0003828876,0.0006131256],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05961175,0.0007843428,0.9367496,0.0002749106,0.0005651584,0.001092756,0.0002407472,0.000290815,0.0003899376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954548,0.0008340782,0.002796682,0.0002057412,0.00008861273,0.0004254134,0.00004063592,0.00007482313,0.00007917565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986973950","doi":"10.1139/p99-059","title":"<i>Review / Sythèse</i> Nonlinear acoustic applications for material characterization: A review","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Physics; Acoustics; Harmonics; Nonlinear acoustics; Characterization (materials science); Parametric statistics; Acoustic wave; Acoustic microscopy; Diffraction; Optics; Microscopy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01918738380834439,"gpt":0.2528236011021062,"spread":0.2336362172937618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001996153,0.0003241966,0.001365503,0.00007942756,0.00008056024,0.00006316305,0.0003302513,0.0001206423,0.0001498062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003032165,0.0002939626,0.0004730553,0.000330746,0.00002646289,0.0001219416,0.000003992277,0.0002951683,0.00003854915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002010122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001285133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005775201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001909885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985118,0.00003087717,0.0009265884,0.0001379991,0.0001131474,0.0002796198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987087,0.00005302808,0.0004376078,0.0002488928,0.0002184932,0.0003333195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[2.17687e-7,0.00000524597,8.97068e-9,0.1726221,0.00007721835,0.00000325144,0.000002444399,0.00004084754,0.000005144523,0.00002297908,0.005886958,0.8213336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004664822,0.00001766775,2.243507e-8,0.1252911,0.001749507,0.00009543499,2.776817e-7,0.0001198802,0.000001986118,0.00003633179,0.8724055,0.0002356424],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[7.064113e-8,0.9645146,0.03143305,0.00003862661,0.0004890002,0.001462404,0.001972316,0.00001649583,0.00007340764],"genre_scores_gemma":[8.160707e-7,0.9950853,0.0006462193,0.0003913364,0.002074007,0.0001980966,0.001468562,0.0001012688,0.00003440942],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8665185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063387781","doi":"10.1007/s10832-007-9408-8","title":"An approach to design a high power piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electroceramics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Amirkabir University of Technology","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Transducer; Ultrasonic sensor; Electromagnetic acoustic transducer; Acoustics; Materials science; PMUT; Ultrasonic motor; Finite element method; Modal analysis; Ceramic; Inertia; Power (physics); Ultrasonic testing; Engineering; Structural engineering; Vibration; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01038858032922387,"gpt":0.1973310395474607,"spread":0.1869424592182369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002928872,0.0001888386,0.0002767599,0.0002525989,0.00008293094,0.00004195694,0.0002591571,0.0001030209,0.00001714932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004118512,0.0001721453,0.00009266691,0.0005303011,0.00001473558,0.0002507085,0.000002328047,0.0004644547,0.000006909672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002035633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001422911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001884773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.459681e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998717,0.00003601542,0.0004080315,0.0001322348,0.0003116464,0.0003951403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993181,0.00005570877,0.00008769697,0.0001421146,0.0001996729,0.0001966735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001349537,0.0003594741,0.0000813236,0.00002774868,0.0001621076,0.0000275258,0.001060785,0.5669229,0.4213524,0.0006463707,0.001394325,0.007830018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003056104,0.006084449,0.0057859,0.00007677588,0.0003010138,0.006816437,0.000159028,0.8130226,0.1577906,0.003986587,0.001265922,0.001654558],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4143461,0.000260813,0.5848321,0.00002696065,0.00009936964,0.00009351581,0.000001312484,0.00004039201,0.000299453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615515,0.0004368472,0.03761678,0.0001162392,0.0001940884,0.000003625252,0.000003109268,0.00005456242,0.0000231943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5472153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7019882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3020789896","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112403","title":"Detection and classification of matrix cracking in laminated composites using guided wave propagation and artificial neural networks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composite Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Iran National Science Foundation","keywords":"Learning vector quantization; Artificial neural network; Support vector machine; Materials science; Linear discriminant analysis; Multilayer perceptron; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Backpropagation; Matrix (chemical analysis); Composite material; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02483674098432775,"gpt":0.2447318195238947,"spread":0.219895078539567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005698936,0.0001110306,0.000144769,0.0000734621,0.00005767486,0.00005404501,0.0000315426,0.00007852088,0.000001913251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001959128,0.0001129814,0.00001420015,0.000176549,0.00004004741,0.0001121039,0.00001920663,0.0001435882,6.980876e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002558011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003443067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001094544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008792049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993638,0.00003180828,0.0002627879,0.0001466864,0.00008658512,0.0001082876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997509,0.00003484554,0.00007383592,0.00005317342,0.00004920016,0.00003801674],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001750966,0.000002237778,0.001307571,0.00007633755,0.000006870057,0.000001011408,0.0001880396,0.2049174,0.7844389,0.0001863311,6.842034e-7,0.008857051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001487121,0.00002458398,0.07048127,0.00002087678,0.00002019205,0.0000123558,0.00002734889,0.8545915,0.07426547,0.0003119844,0.000001967127,0.00009368379],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8996292,0.0002751803,0.09973254,0.000033596,0.00007668922,0.0001795018,0.000003784035,0.00005182576,0.00001764727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976644,0.0000157856,0.002205008,0.00000984892,0.00007020201,0.000001879538,0.00001887088,0.000013824,2.080188e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7101734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.460725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132176104","doi":"10.1109/19.850388","title":"Wavelet-transform-based method of analysis for Lamb-wave ultrasonic NDE signals","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Université de Rouen; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","keywords":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducer; Acoustics; Wavelet transform; Lamb waves; Robustness (evolution); Wavelet; Ultrasonic sensor; SIGNAL (programming language); Signal processing; Transducer; Feature extraction; Time–frequency analysis; Computer science; Ultrasonic testing; Noise (video); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Electronic engineering; Computer vision; Surface wave; Physics; Telecommunications; Digital signal processing; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03152142550365043,"gpt":0.2505026402929665,"spread":0.218981214789316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003876823,0.0001576191,0.000219685,0.0002176014,0.0001014853,0.00002590495,0.00003987304,0.0000639611,0.000393458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002569924,0.0001577781,0.0001633374,0.0003155597,0.00002254067,0.00009231513,7.617049e-8,0.00008609312,0.000002615049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001123174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003464402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000229322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000632609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989171,0.00003368797,0.0003527116,0.0001811027,0.0003420465,0.0001733361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995991,0.00006633023,0.00004211204,0.0001141527,0.0001058952,0.00007243871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008027039,0.0001091259,0.00001079636,0.0001171803,0.0005518909,1.569736e-7,0.0002259044,0.5120673,0.09457634,0.00002338068,0.00001282073,0.3922249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001293534,0.0001733405,0.0003599652,0.0000394409,0.0006920132,0.00000131544,0.0001052704,0.3529101,0.6438876,0.000107574,0.000252732,0.0001771983],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.049956,0.00003096874,0.9488006,0.00008691422,0.000108037,0.0004665703,0.0001019405,0.000064848,0.0003841091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9768676,0.0001400377,0.02270669,0.00006436483,0.0000113458,0.000126675,0.00002009414,0.00001918304,0.00004405472],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9269115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6434006,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978519725","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/51/3/018","title":"Derivation of elastic stiffness from site-matched mineral density and acoustic impedance maps","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nautical Research Society","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","keywords":"Acoustic impedance; Bone mineral; Stiffness; Electrical impedance; Materials science; Porosity; Bone density; Quantitative computed tomography; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Biomedical engineering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Physics; Osteoporosis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03859669245386394,"gpt":0.2706221697374615,"spread":0.2320254772835976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006065107,0.00008173205,0.0001955063,0.00002826447,0.00001410428,0.000002449414,0.0000246221,0.00005085027,0.000002389418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004070851,0.00006668315,0.000007004583,0.0000769568,0.00009319475,0.00002875139,0.00001248699,0.00007694224,3.348209e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009805941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004423633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002954139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007569488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995868,0.00001276101,0.000161144,0.0001093372,0.00003360364,0.00009632744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996878,0.0001768278,0.00003570936,0.00005635454,0.00002708997,0.00001624506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009067484,0.00001342926,0.01578965,0.00006880629,0.000008097559,9.162717e-7,0.0001484803,0.004386544,0.9739064,0.0009086336,0.00005562991,0.004704372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002182282,0.0001579537,0.3847947,0.0002382036,0.0001160045,0.000005888788,0.0002311173,0.4641777,0.01542631,0.132289,0.00004927405,0.0003314876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.939993,0.000410492,0.05931406,0.00004874005,0.0001000119,0.00005339982,0.00001369575,0.00001554808,0.0000510837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990049,0.0001229519,0.0004903082,0.00002233669,0.0002277421,0.000002791361,0.0001206122,0.000006174483,0.000002177285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9584801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.271926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090131543","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.10.007","title":"Measurement of the Dispersion and Attenuation of Cylindrical Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Long Bone","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Attenuation; Dispersion (optics); Phase velocity; Cylinder; Wave propagation; Materials science; Ultrasonic sensor; Phase (matter); Cortical bone; Optics; Velocity dispersion; Acoustics; Acoustic dispersion; Guided wave testing; Group velocity; Attenuation coefficient; Physics; Geometry; Anatomy; Medicine; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01536880349786771,"gpt":0.2479694251169475,"spread":0.2326006216190798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006545057,0.0001079791,0.0002779513,0.0001147598,0.00001512958,0.000001755151,0.00009140463,0.00008970314,0.00001373436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008848066,0.00007148577,0.00002498131,0.0002487038,0.0001411533,0.00003299898,0.000007487053,0.0001756151,3.4233e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007522466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001771987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006559958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007182547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990015,0.00006472,0.0004694033,0.0001367449,0.0001654756,0.0001621556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995222,0.0001705921,0.00008219254,0.000140672,0.0000586298,0.00002571594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001235692,0.00004767314,0.06736105,0.00005172215,0.000008084052,6.075757e-7,0.0004348972,0.001286967,0.9158257,0.0004202343,0.00005511927,0.01449565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001228605,0.0002952741,0.9673322,0.000461796,0.00002821504,0.00001936613,0.0001558893,0.005606154,0.02232759,0.002346696,0.00007244063,0.0001257594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941059,0.00184205,0.002797925,0.0005344676,0.0001461265,0.0001983124,0.00000249736,0.0000107552,0.0003619939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987977,0.0009145929,0.0001773704,0.00004658522,0.00004224012,0.000002893132,0.00001027216,0.000005905042,0.000002513823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8999712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2915105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165565696","doi":"10.1139/p04-056","title":"Acoustical methods for the investigation of adhesively bonded structures: A review","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Adhesive; Delamination (geology); Nondestructive testing; Ultrasonic sensor; Electronics; Adhesion; Composite material; Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Materials science; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0525223945783565,"gpt":0.3305445210014536,"spread":0.2780221264230971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004946179,0.0002188573,0.0009283477,0.00007681943,0.00005714143,0.00002680866,0.0003039881,0.0001293825,0.00001098092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004158796,0.000147373,0.0004452314,0.0002489441,0.00007806486,0.00006288672,0.000004256923,0.0004256646,8.300211e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002683456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00258173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004355634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003297589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988518,0.00006813579,0.0006910007,0.00008212901,0.0001138036,0.0001930851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983527,0.0004991047,0.0004694844,0.0001698168,0.0002781533,0.0002307299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.71803e-7,0.000001151751,5.972376e-8,0.0490641,0.000215904,0.000002052485,0.00004911749,0.0009530484,0.00003581569,0.001993454,0.0008533252,0.9468316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002758422,0.0001182365,0.000003169365,0.1105079,0.006877082,0.0001498809,0.0000260956,0.00201327,0.0002543027,0.0415069,0.8377599,0.0005074584],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.886116e-7,0.7856368,0.213484,0.00002743886,0.000355553,0.0003970265,0.00008195885,0.000003408847,0.00001350978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00005779012,0.9723535,0.02708433,0.00004503295,0.0003693785,0.00001407956,0.00002244292,0.00004876139,0.000004670918],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9463242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6009696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019886143","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2006.1665105","title":"Flexible ultrasonic transducers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Lead zirconate titanate; FOIL method; Piezoelectricity; Ultrasonic sensor; Composite material; Transducer; Electrode; Ceramic; PMUT; Composite number; Acoustics; Optoelectronics; Ferroelectricity; Dielectric","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00475210676269321,"gpt":0.1773397580862992,"spread":0.172587651323606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002304019,0.0004225881,0.0003735356,0.0002939207,0.0003031533,0.0001363451,0.0001832712,0.0002462278,0.0001028025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009421704,0.0004336217,0.0001751465,0.000609411,0.00007889605,0.000222811,2.009524e-7,0.0006316532,0.00003036975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002056463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007760238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001222295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009063929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980198,0.00004160868,0.0004865807,0.0004240278,0.0003332419,0.0006947897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990949,0.0002973437,0.00005747255,0.0002879247,0.00009646878,0.0001659034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009357004,0.0004622776,0.0001518185,0.0001606148,0.0003465991,0.00002426417,0.0001624831,0.438298,0.4423974,0.008564834,0.0005254372,0.1088127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006393186,0.0009044246,0.001083848,0.000113326,0.0006446454,0.0001846439,0.0000631013,0.7908818,0.1826945,0.01320188,0.001695782,0.002138957],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05476956,0.001669993,0.9376481,0.0001459587,0.0006273164,0.0004675181,0.0001608285,0.0006508519,0.003859861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972693,0.001073182,0.001027936,0.0001230824,0.0001048848,0.00009360046,0.00001666642,0.0000920563,0.0001993208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9424997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963898486","doi":"10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00256-1","title":"Performance of laser-ultrasonic F-SAFT imaging","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Deconvolution; Ultrasonic sensor; Optics; Laser; Interpolation (computer graphics); Data processing; Image resolution; Time domain; Frequency domain; Data reduction; Signal processing; Waveform; Bandwidth (computing); Acoustics; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Radar; Telecommunications; Computer vision; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006901845958368951,"gpt":0.1729264228487086,"spread":0.1660245768903397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001347704,0.0001905778,0.0002037176,0.00008242873,0.0000629694,0.00002613303,0.0002004259,0.00006628159,0.0004031901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006592196,0.0001951783,0.00007744003,0.0002575413,0.00005405618,0.0002029819,0.00001241704,0.0002146949,0.0001284161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006002625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009662044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003473214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001726018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989053,0.00001183835,0.0003235344,0.0001738382,0.0002268642,0.0003586246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993946,0.0001159065,0.00005963526,0.0002850216,0.00006558795,0.00007927758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002415377,0.0004283579,0.06513111,0.001283539,0.0002506391,0.00002151203,0.002011084,0.389778,0.3022961,0.001019629,0.01258853,0.2251673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003729986,0.00004616638,0.002569911,0.00008555171,0.00003685756,0.0000325675,0.00006417549,0.9303576,0.06191206,0.00004279284,0.004166084,0.0003132322],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833014,0.001156223,0.001926064,0.00004883984,0.0003587821,0.0001331869,0.0000262453,0.0002803543,0.01276889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958952,0.001790987,0.00194622,0.00003091477,0.00007315688,0.000009170994,0.0000115797,0.00004791855,0.000194857],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5405796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7959142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2318769149","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2016.03.013","title":"Numerical simulation of damage detection using laser-generated ultrasound","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Laser; Nonlinear system; Acoustics; Feature (linguistics); Materials science; Optics; Visualization; Bhattacharyya distance; Dimension (graph theory); Embedding; Computer science; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01333926717563851,"gpt":0.2256495126417139,"spread":0.2123102454660754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001469345,0.0001561854,0.0001759272,0.00006426767,0.00007206004,0.00002774656,0.00008823892,0.000120572,0.00006940023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002659814,0.0001254393,0.0000603827,0.000269325,0.00003511745,0.0001915821,0.000005723782,0.00009436735,0.0000148213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001224555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002338897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001885541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006619474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990645,0.0000302088,0.0003166482,0.0001658199,0.0001893783,0.0002334524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991869,0.0003634893,0.00007800509,0.0001937795,0.0001115652,0.00006631054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005148555,0.00001311931,0.0001924818,0.00001754333,0.00001569167,4.570041e-7,0.00002404815,0.5126467,0.4835542,0.00001401486,0.000006353592,0.003510254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002567908,0.00002898578,0.0006268093,0.00003740747,0.00002395255,0.000005206282,0.00001216912,0.622647,0.3758958,0.0001169754,0.0002063515,0.0001425755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6290787,0.00003590005,0.3702318,0.000003784106,0.0002081515,0.00008538457,0.0000242095,0.0001250914,0.0002069786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978871,0.00006343507,0.001855894,0.00000778763,0.00009442904,0.000003484955,0.00001085753,0.00004226579,0.00003476892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3688084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5115266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079245413","doi":"10.1121/1.2169921","title":"Generation of the basis sets for multi-Gaussian ultrasonic beam models—An overview","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Superposition principle; Gaussian; Paraxial approximation; Gaussian beam; Basis function; Piston (optics); Beam (structure); Basis (linear algebra); Field (mathematics); Gaussian random field; Physics; Gaussian process; Mathematical analysis; Optics; Wavefront; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04907612985711499,"gpt":0.2733646629734252,"spread":0.2242885331163102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005032456,0.000139001,0.00026585,0.00001144133,0.0001631908,0.00001631338,0.0004883835,0.00007599792,0.00001145169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008098202,0.00006910089,0.0004313382,0.0001935289,0.00020305,0.0001180718,0.00003792206,0.0002699588,3.370777e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007563134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005784738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005087967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000381223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987904,0.0000719673,0.0005062738,0.00007233851,0.0003619773,0.0001970855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988908,0.0002267773,0.0003667885,0.0002903784,0.000183404,0.00004188338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001065863,0.00009012072,0.0000178852,0.00007820986,0.00008372604,2.947245e-8,0.0002393888,0.8365998,0.1552367,0.00003715889,0.003432581,0.004173776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003222072,0.00008423439,0.0007719402,0.00007191943,0.0003050221,0.0000108308,0.0002580068,0.9786909,0.01801839,0.001266583,0.0001142792,0.0000857109],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07258024,0.001173023,0.9246419,0.0009573097,0.0002782661,0.0002701763,0.00005360748,0.000012977,0.00003248441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9341843,0.0008078174,0.06454957,0.0002049318,0.0002002022,0.000002872814,0.000002369647,0.00002537716,0.00002262416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.861604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2817853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052797954","doi":"10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00201-9","title":"A numerical dispersion compensation technique for time recompression of Lamb wave signals","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Acoustics; Bandwidth (computing); Optics; Time domain; Reflection (computer programming); Lamb waves; Fourier transform; Dispersion (optics); Frequency domain; Signal processing; Ultrasonic sensor; SIGNAL (programming language); Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Surface wave; Telecommunications; Radar; Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0163741589723286,"gpt":0.2113777788184039,"spread":0.1950036198460753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001553768,0.0001359744,0.0002026359,0.00006048936,0.00005430006,0.00001612619,0.00008649778,0.00012256,0.000284115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009715606,0.0001284368,0.00008670129,0.0001354629,0.00002028944,0.00009118119,0.000007809353,0.0001178955,0.0000275518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005656251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005546992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002419094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.175936e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992012,0.00002043827,0.0002792229,0.0001511346,0.0001526769,0.000195365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993854,0.0002524547,0.00007135341,0.0001591332,0.00007799778,0.00005371565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001044361,0.00007198754,0.00002553053,0.0001205031,0.00002006132,5.583337e-7,0.0001486068,0.02123959,0.9662869,0.0001539757,0.002852222,0.009069596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002379052,0.00008779666,0.00005596664,0.00009933239,0.00001997993,0.00000693631,0.00001248737,0.7287672,0.2683668,0.0003370374,0.001860704,0.0001479585],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0700048,0.0004949116,0.925109,0.0001264999,0.0002294315,0.001092643,0.00008946359,0.0002875599,0.002565749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770021,0.0001606492,0.02250147,0.00001546526,0.00005339683,0.0000522787,0.00005692019,0.00003529066,0.000122387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9069973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5237499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028273136","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.12.029","title":"Wave propagation in transversely isotropic cylinders","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Transverse isotropy; Scattering; Isotropy; Physics; Wave propagation; Mechanics; Acoustics; Classical mechanics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00656773220885636,"gpt":0.2051263308599044,"spread":0.198558598651048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005756699,0.00006499585,0.00008510728,0.0001348368,0.0000129829,0.00004437868,0.00006316953,0.00003923456,0.00001937428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009345367,0.000054268,0.00003092217,0.00003595332,0.00002005015,0.0001308828,0.000003765723,0.0001217122,2.750305e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000459809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001329241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001578502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002021382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994453,0.000007053379,0.0002435442,0.00004563853,0.0001859937,0.00007246753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997992,0.000016007,0.00005621447,0.00002206167,0.00008667058,0.00001986765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002511863,0.0001169187,0.01953867,0.0001391979,0.0003959288,0.0004416459,0.0019687,0.5303627,0.2281277,0.08196769,0.001200139,0.1354896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005185299,0.0002438945,0.5734687,0.0002427036,0.00007299025,0.0009438525,0.0005538306,0.208427,0.03628748,0.168942,0.005027668,0.0006046259],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775146,0.0002801657,0.02056614,0.0001883894,0.0005360587,0.00003786017,0.000005958811,0.000009376062,0.0008614752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983037,0.0001146283,0.001273285,0.00002014033,0.0002688946,4.819011e-7,0.000004101286,0.000006796858,0.000008040235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.55393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2212985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2472704383","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2016.2583785","title":"Ultrasound Shear Wave Viscoelastography: Model-Independent Quantification of the Complex Shear Modulus","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Shear modulus; Shear (geology); Acoustics; Ultrasonic imaging; Materials science; Ultrasound; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01606836972424578,"gpt":0.2045697554818171,"spread":0.1885013857575713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003047066,0.0003260912,0.0003409339,0.0002183976,0.000269469,0.00005380953,0.0002333348,0.0001975643,0.00004540934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003771623,0.0002249365,0.0002222143,0.0005039881,0.0001498539,0.0001850848,8.865543e-7,0.0003785859,0.000005781632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001532033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008086774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003878018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981058,0.00007140275,0.0005388017,0.0003815492,0.00044499,0.0004574859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987073,0.0003685625,0.0001260851,0.0004853665,0.0001808034,0.0001318597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004473304,0.0001474636,0.00008777671,0.00004592493,0.0001672649,8.118006e-7,0.00009826043,0.174435,0.804367,0.003015579,0.00005254062,0.0175376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001701539,0.0002034021,0.001843295,0.00008388546,0.0002106597,0.00004360653,0.00001971965,0.9233081,0.06785688,0.004246507,0.00004343176,0.0004389755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08560648,0.0002670843,0.9122534,0.0002252841,0.0004392157,0.0005301448,0.0003152877,0.0001265459,0.0002365905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972989,0.00103843,0.001384581,0.00006500816,0.00002947437,0.0000614434,0.000004379312,0.00006012283,0.0000576803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9116924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9172643,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089385481","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2006.06.013","title":"Identification and analysis of multimode guided waves in tibia cortical bone","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; Fudan University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Cortical bone; Identification (biology); Multi-mode optical fiber; Tibia; Materials science; Biomedical engineering; Computer science; Medicine; Anatomy; Biology; Telecommunications; Optical fiber","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007579546614289236,"gpt":0.2213300573134279,"spread":0.2137505106991386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002019173,0.00008878772,0.0002034392,0.0002008564,0.00002088524,0.00002306431,0.00004823909,0.0000684656,0.00001553174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009333903,0.00009298645,0.00004559273,0.0004799593,0.0000341461,0.00006957527,0.000006577894,0.00009477961,0.000002381734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003848759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000796447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009965791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001875364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999188,0.00001581835,0.0003928094,0.0001369636,0.0001246224,0.0001417944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996209,0.0001169669,0.00004944407,0.0001439677,0.00004169479,0.00002708653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000469802,0.00008296314,0.0319564,0.00006345099,0.0001202874,0.000002523515,0.0002049695,0.3044292,0.6584297,0.002485758,0.0001343488,0.002085624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001632587,0.00000535528,0.2353857,0.000009999395,0.0001647493,0.000001406074,0.00002843537,0.7490067,0.0148344,0.0002820669,0.00002903003,0.00008890935],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.961876,0.000333245,0.03729909,0.00001885798,0.00004480616,0.00008497664,0.00003143945,0.0000454756,0.0002660572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973975,0.0001396507,0.002312898,0.000004324145,0.00001340773,0.000004444913,0.00007820973,0.00001229386,0.00003728205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6435954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3791878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112512366","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2015-0231","title":"Three-dimensional effects in low-strain integrity testing of piles: analytical solution","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pile; Hammer; Head (geology); Structural engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Dynamic load testing; Modulus; Interpretation (philosophy); RADIUS; Engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Mathematics; Computer science; Geometry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02413256221194516,"gpt":0.226563238204206,"spread":0.2024306759922609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007527919,0.0001157654,0.000193267,0.0002428308,0.00004152534,0.0000278828,0.0001418131,0.0001804421,0.00001579275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001231373,0.0001115635,0.00005051132,0.0003194343,0.0000646067,0.00008961903,0.00001397233,0.000932847,0.000008257754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005678079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005609776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003612732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006963937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989115,0.00002787822,0.0003602311,0.0001086947,0.0002270951,0.0003645927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989682,0.0001506941,0.00004569501,0.0001023128,0.0001403748,0.000592723],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002023529,0.00007872336,0.004933535,0.0001424021,0.00004641886,0.0004147461,0.00006380562,0.9348053,0.01063261,0.001332071,0.003416905,0.04411327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003715868,0.00007995603,0.01137096,0.0003352235,0.00001297339,0.0001707196,0.00001191485,0.9820378,0.0001715444,0.005224453,0.00007948828,0.0001333218],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7472424,0.0003481037,0.2506362,0.000493413,0.0005278686,0.0002383415,0.00004320732,0.0000828333,0.0003877008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944251,0.000002026671,0.005379963,0.00004553234,0.0001216559,0.000002404666,0.000005849075,0.0000153742,0.000002071041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2471827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5461394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992817938","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.01.034","title":"Derivation and experimental validation of Lamb wave equations for an n-layered anisotropic composite laminate","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composite Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Carleton University","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Lamb waves; Orthotropic material; Transverse isotropy; Phase velocity; Wave propagation; Superposition principle; Isotropy; Composite laminates; Group velocity; Mathematical analysis; Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Composite material; Mathematics; Composite number; Optics; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01650334757473094,"gpt":0.2425850487279594,"spread":0.2260817011532284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005405982,0.0001128989,0.0001311478,0.00006333657,0.00009660899,0.00004784726,0.00005475132,0.00005193929,0.000006161939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001526541,0.0001144323,0.00002460417,0.00005316022,0.00003133357,0.000144054,0.00001358119,0.00004480813,3.424742e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002270802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003829534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007029567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001831002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994584,0.00002454896,0.000186414,0.0001305905,0.00009027351,0.0001097698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996448,0.00007499567,0.00005758114,0.0001196198,0.00006355064,0.00003941504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001341628,0.00001184251,0.0001163055,0.00005675816,0.00001708955,5.529262e-8,0.0003160027,0.0305612,0.9598244,0.006069147,0.00001292038,0.003000908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004344322,0.0001160624,0.005382801,0.00001178927,0.00001939584,0.000002346023,0.00002655017,0.3541281,0.6356204,0.004111555,0.00004167266,0.0001048311],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7023543,0.00006849132,0.297116,0.0000100796,0.0001059203,0.0001699514,0.00002107945,0.00005170339,0.000102496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803457,0.000004317298,0.0192869,0.00001316503,0.00007426317,0.00001381416,0.0002376991,0.00002014735,0.000003968765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3242039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4666415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114929173","doi":"10.3390/s100403681","title":"Quantitative Modeling of Coupled Piezo-Elastodynamic Behavior of Piezoelectric Actuators Bonded to an Elastic Medium for Structural Health Monitoring: A Review","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Actuator; Piezoelectricity; Structural health monitoring; Acoustics; Piezoelectric sensor; Lamb waves; Materials science; Wave propagation; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04350126812945728,"gpt":0.3496877292268006,"spread":0.3061864610973433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004411277,0.0005133427,0.002163891,0.0003734827,0.00006159634,0.00001456334,0.0002956704,0.0002642902,0.000006266158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003888223,0.0004542441,0.0003684374,0.000566318,0.00003080475,0.00006824693,0.00002135338,0.0005324078,0.00000281242],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002140072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003456889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003354001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001458961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974024,0.00006963513,0.001335332,0.0003873814,0.0003507248,0.0004544816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982405,0.0003015729,0.0005447444,0.0004011069,0.000292467,0.0002195634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001709785,0.00005116844,0.000001673295,0.1028599,0.00019026,0.000001462265,0.0002859026,0.02708551,0.0003074571,0.0001312771,0.00001289849,0.8690554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000241626,0.0006749139,0.000002465382,0.02923976,0.001530537,0.00001874986,0.00007209819,0.9654337,0.00002339123,0.00004987958,0.002081036,0.0006318062],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01572492,0.9419867,0.0379783,0.000008025512,0.0008698119,0.003062933,0.0002744358,0.00009181799,0.000003046959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05038184,0.935605,0.01334343,0.000004009073,0.0001095405,0.000206602,0.0001903775,0.0001528209,0.000006404359],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9383482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077346553","doi":"10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00255-x","title":"On-line measurement of texture, thickness and plastic strain ratio using laser-ultrasound resonance spectroscopy","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Materials science; Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Laser; Texture (cosmology); Resonance (particle physics); Ultrasound; Line (geometry); Optics; Strain (injury); Composite material; Acoustics; Computer science; Physics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02759714524100921,"gpt":0.2249826916399332,"spread":0.197385546398924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000281846,0.0002441667,0.0002603206,0.00006587836,0.0001084567,0.00006372908,0.0001190151,0.0001176796,0.0001094446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005236554,0.0002381624,0.00004692482,0.0002040726,0.00007219887,0.0001057882,0.000009353337,0.000287318,0.000008181371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001424276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002388964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009516794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002182313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985999,0.0000284261,0.0003479696,0.0002497029,0.0004571585,0.0003168236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990728,0.0004150529,0.00008092925,0.0002328072,0.0001094908,0.00008889976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002447626,0.0001636284,0.0001950688,0.0002466102,0.00007549136,0.000006887643,0.0004403653,0.3188953,0.6739422,0.001905085,0.000717857,0.003387009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009201252,0.0002371647,0.0008429342,0.0003304864,0.00008528202,0.0000467773,0.0001055948,0.8993353,0.0959349,0.001263503,0.0004409329,0.0004569878],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6975345,0.003512722,0.2961033,0.00004084087,0.0005993273,0.0004142161,0.0002671671,0.0001944839,0.001333481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942032,0.0006574977,0.004925945,0.00002923296,0.00008873961,0.000006290473,0.00001070884,0.00004563473,0.00003279981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.58044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9711981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133667417","doi":"10.1109/19.930439","title":"Neural classification of Lamb wave ultrasonic weld testing signals using wavelet coefficients","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducer; Ultrasonic testing; Ultrasonic sensor; Nondestructive testing; Acoustics; Welding; Artificial neural network; Wavelet; Feature extraction; Transducer; Lamb waves; Wavelet transform; Signal processing; Materials science; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Mechanical engineering; Surface wave; Digital signal processing; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08665209300195043,"gpt":0.2534293321378878,"spread":0.1667772391359374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002353972,0.0001444827,0.0001307373,0.0001381054,0.0001371005,0.00003484891,0.00004010173,0.00005453706,0.00004134654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001118535,0.0001501772,0.0000389927,0.0002581087,0.00003377235,0.0001383736,4.253522e-7,0.0001219741,0.000002792331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001756528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002749161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002387094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001352305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988879,0.00003156998,0.0003406828,0.0001670704,0.0003993783,0.0001733913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995496,0.0000394951,0.00008012861,0.0001045699,0.0001593998,0.00006676555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002065476,0.00009368864,0.0001112528,0.00005280477,0.0000398417,6.352383e-7,0.0001873689,0.159008,0.7036865,0.00001413115,0.000005810457,0.1367793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007617124,0.0001149844,0.00232802,0.0001124567,0.00007491537,0.00001978744,0.0003675705,0.7667173,0.2292723,0.00002505857,0.00003498192,0.0001709451],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.549667,0.0000219732,0.4495796,0.00002141454,0.0002535126,0.0001846926,0.00001085893,0.00005345739,0.000207519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976564,0.00006803179,0.002171393,0.00002806907,0.00002060015,0.00001972609,0.000005063676,0.00002058975,0.00001009766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6077093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6124048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034595348","doi":"10.1007/s10921-013-0173-0","title":"Long Range Detection of Defects in Composite Plates Using Lamb Waves Generated and Detected by Ultrasonic Phased Array Probes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Lamb waves; Ultrasonic sensor; Phased array; Structural health monitoring; Materials science; Composite plate; Delamination (geology); Ultrasonic testing; Phased array ultrasonics; Acoustics; Isotropy; Composite number; Optics; Composite material; Surface wave; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Antenna (radio); Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01353919109948781,"gpt":0.2396013483030289,"spread":0.2260621572035411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004852765,0.0001305241,0.0002177277,0.0002334933,0.00004118435,0.00004306883,0.00004690744,0.00008501742,0.00001911473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001700617,0.000120384,0.00003436868,0.0002995105,0.00003468903,0.0004900264,0.000002497977,0.0001872383,5.006853e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002013463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004616696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003443514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001869303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988988,0.0001260714,0.0004451654,0.00009924898,0.0002979314,0.0001327494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988701,0.0001069572,0.0002944657,0.00005535012,0.0006278885,0.00004518592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002964221,0.0000239839,0.004157451,0.00004693713,0.00004505357,4.80203e-7,0.0002045924,0.02785141,0.9613871,8.749037e-7,0.000001260262,0.00625122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001103137,0.0001166049,0.08595269,0.0001168371,0.00008293005,0.0000567865,0.00008202847,0.2350567,0.6768989,0.0004378223,2.701688e-7,0.00009527587],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9418145,0.001027505,0.05661024,0.000005047641,0.0001392364,0.0003732371,0.000004970921,0.00001200712,0.00001321675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965217,0.00006439558,0.003328203,0.000001861931,0.00005036639,0.000007412651,0.000006864685,0.0000187179,5.548324e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2844882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4909117,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977855611","doi":"10.1088/0964-1726/21/1/013001","title":"A review on structural enhancement and repair using piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Smart Materials and Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Shape-memory alloy; Materials science; Structural material; Property (philosophy); Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Computer science; Composite material; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0268366534362797,"gpt":0.2642345054634021,"spread":0.2373978520271224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003099832,0.0006048733,0.001568193,0.000119344,0.000131412,0.0001729857,0.00009925736,0.0002458415,0.0004446687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003850223,0.0004391306,0.00007446909,0.00007912049,0.00006147936,0.00008342808,0.0000793549,0.0001428708,0.00000256124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004388364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002774008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003521031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001635042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982322,0.000125313,0.0007149498,0.0004707497,0.0001223472,0.0003344099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993433,0.00004635034,0.0002313178,0.0002481411,0.0000293609,0.0001015309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001981346,0.000005609007,6.971652e-7,0.1843413,0.0003760546,0.00001182316,0.00008998184,0.000001993108,0.01475215,0.0005999708,0.0003888614,0.7994118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001634557,0.001076657,0.0002583338,0.210431,0.009538529,0.002072119,0.00002610796,0.00123702,0.01980703,0.005635628,0.7414104,0.006872617],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06550409,0.9324554,0.00001432449,0.000002370128,0.0008108369,0.0008928288,0.0001884625,0.00009452704,0.00003720816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01018502,0.9885548,0.0006824635,0.00006504366,0.0002620446,0.00004455491,0.0001136665,0.00007899036,0.00001343816],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7925392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989275816","doi":"10.1016/s0041-624x(01)00087-7","title":"A SAFT algorithm for lamb wave imaging of isotropic plate-like structures","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Lamb waves; Isotropy; Dispersion (optics); Fourier transform; Algorithm; Ultrasonic sensor; Optics; Acoustics; Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Wave propagation; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0115394017017702,"gpt":0.1969156605378595,"spread":0.1853762588360893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006983067,0.0001745067,0.0002122432,0.00007044501,0.00005926076,0.00003247028,0.0001136377,0.00007649069,0.0001424703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004938977,0.000172301,0.0000930499,0.0001187343,0.00003454093,0.0001003619,0.00001076023,0.0001438075,0.00000811198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005177291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009140815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007526129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003361694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990785,0.000007847953,0.0002808007,0.0001716501,0.0001549205,0.0003063438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994698,0.0001406438,0.00005993374,0.0001959065,0.00007417172,0.00005957398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001242605,0.0001373892,0.0005733417,0.0006095757,0.0003170131,0.00001766033,0.002537081,0.04794117,0.0887541,0.00387214,0.01355178,0.8416763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005483648,0.00003825094,0.0003763134,0.00003096038,0.00004660957,0.00002114489,0.00009697266,0.9788559,0.01293957,0.001500997,0.005315848,0.000229055],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1000876,0.003137839,0.89283,0.0000864431,0.001164482,0.0005461645,0.000325289,0.0003502782,0.001471923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91686,0.0003483147,0.08239157,0.00004209849,0.0001242974,0.00001669358,0.00003462488,0.00005134992,0.0001310014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9309148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7026232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137847742","doi":"10.1002/app.28106","title":"Anomalous moisture diffusion in an epoxy adhesive detected by magnetic resonance imaging","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Waterloo; Western University; Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Moisture; Materials science; Diffusion; Absorption (acoustics); Adhesive; Fick's laws of diffusion; Epoxy; Deuterium; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Nuclear magnetic resonance; Composite material; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chromatography; Atomic physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004103831922665593,"gpt":0.1880575813339508,"spread":0.1839537494112852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002045469,0.0001160205,0.0001445066,0.0002152393,0.0001198478,0.00004535003,0.0003263502,0.0000343002,0.00001239998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001101611,0.0001027735,0.00002407972,0.0005996795,0.000164872,0.0003010563,0.00002294866,0.0002455266,0.000002737334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008819521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008288377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001191566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003704836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988711,0.000007567125,0.0003053508,0.0001483949,0.0003939931,0.0002735589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995497,0.00002637473,0.00009458978,0.0001324877,0.00007273759,0.0001241329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001547521,0.00003282635,0.002510926,0.000004224554,6.296004e-7,0.00003647033,0.0006331634,0.0002942283,0.9670722,0.00002745682,0.00007327023,0.02929907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001137872,0.0001834573,0.1443629,0.00007450381,0.00001412026,0.0004302174,0.0003419375,0.08688749,0.7656978,0.000197849,0.0002578071,0.000413935],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909474,0.007053083,0.00103906,0.00002972273,0.0001616429,0.00006490859,0.00000257295,0.00002331101,0.0006782848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987864,0.0001656148,0.0009090439,0.00005040428,0.0000589408,0.000002177501,5.286977e-7,0.00001345018,0.00001337596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2013744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4190982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028368719","doi":"10.1029/2008jb006018","title":"Measurement of the speed and attenuation of the Biot slow wave using a large ultrasonic transmitter","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Attenuation; Biot number; Acoustics; Poromechanics; Waveform; Porous medium; Wave propagation; Ultrasonic sensor; Transducer; Amplitude; Longitudinal wave; Optics; Mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Porosity; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03755797719484835,"gpt":0.2760095959820615,"spread":0.2384516187872132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009350969,0.00008460109,0.0001840529,0.00001214672,0.00008200165,0.00002462677,0.0001884772,0.00004549832,0.00001156915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003051798,0.00004627127,0.0001365529,0.0003045,0.0000948011,0.00009385731,0.00001927635,0.0004147523,4.372234e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008355735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009475974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002845846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007942112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981498,0.0001257717,0.0003283633,0.00007084099,0.001101134,0.0002241431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990515,0.0001170553,0.0001227492,0.0001537367,0.0005004529,0.00005451976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004352954,0.0001278465,0.0007778531,0.00006961426,0.00007577452,0.000001241992,0.0002841487,0.003279995,0.9866003,0.0002162282,0.0001550671,0.008368375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001376813,0.0005187374,0.4524132,0.0009455347,0.0001158844,0.00002126925,0.0003652891,0.1765749,0.3612847,0.006067832,0.0001582083,0.0001575256],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961058,0.0005071867,0.002593323,0.0004702652,0.00007473658,0.0001556422,0.000004110607,0.000002831365,0.00008611021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993138,0.0000758536,0.0004638394,0.00001417786,0.0001097304,2.983738e-7,9.420497e-8,0.000009052,0.00001311997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6253156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1886888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3017124793","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108685","title":"Metal pitting corrosion characterized by scanning acoustic microscopy and binary image processing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Corrosion Science","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optical microscope; Corrosion; Materials science; Pitting corrosion; Aluminium; Microscopy; Acoustic microscopy; Scanning electron microscope; Metal; Metallurgy; Scanning acoustic microscope; Alloy; Optics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01161703035814676,"gpt":0.2413614560753344,"spread":0.2297444257171876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003278679,0.0001679215,0.0001769187,0.00007066422,0.0004252667,0.0003299205,0.0002215085,0.00004522676,0.00001606167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001624065,0.0001562387,0.00002323721,0.0006019023,0.0002384674,0.0007667152,0.0001179206,0.0001877739,0.00001626396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004490744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005665067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001108107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.91585e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987069,0.0000120869,0.000238527,0.0003865116,0.0003178573,0.0003381611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994727,0.00003827272,0.00007737471,0.0001026246,0.00009612823,0.0002129468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007663527,0.000006786231,0.0001194315,0.00009664957,2.56382e-7,0.000002520562,0.0003087406,0.0003657108,0.9919193,0.000001020005,0.000101686,0.007070237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002097747,0.00005135571,0.0003037214,0.0001075774,0.00001367952,0.000008729294,0.0001648496,0.5671992,0.4315405,0.000006359182,0.0002061905,0.0001880072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6273702,0.0006304348,0.3711986,0.0000924773,0.0002145895,0.0001791527,0.00001215394,0.0002077507,0.00009473394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939793,0.00009426954,0.00559257,0.0002064284,0.00006179879,0.00001180669,0.000009540052,0.00002546522,0.00001887241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5668335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6371231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969797027","doi":"10.1088/0964-1726/20/2/025005","title":"Dispersion-based imaging for structural health monitoring using sparse and compact arrays","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Smart Materials and Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Matching pursuit; Structural health monitoring; Ultrasonic sensor; Sparse array; Acoustics; Radar; Dispersion (optics); Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Matching (statistics); Materials science; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Optics; Compressed sensing; Physics; Mathematics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02733036372580131,"gpt":0.2468380661965415,"spread":0.2195077024707402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009071337,0.0001401858,0.0001856743,0.0000409081,0.0001675569,0.00009082938,0.00003714256,0.00002985956,0.00001956834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009510355,0.0001171156,0.00001739481,0.00002185999,0.00003422597,0.00008265975,0.000008738251,0.00003744778,1.145302e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002356092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001277061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001744724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002934931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994157,0.00001385253,0.0001677291,0.0001366851,0.00005685906,0.0002092041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997676,0.00002100327,0.00004458597,0.00007430524,0.0000182645,0.00007424002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006221107,0.00000360546,0.01794713,0.0006055023,0.00003498609,0.000001851996,0.0008987623,0.002389111,0.9730934,0.0005488831,0.00005898043,0.0043556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001468744,0.0001116811,0.2416253,0.0002412797,0.00007599311,0.0000458069,0.0004212326,0.1893317,0.5537061,0.0120711,0.0001630818,0.0007379708],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928356,0.0005222823,0.005497877,0.00001674545,0.0007950114,0.000177172,0.00008761211,0.00005610517,0.00001152728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890257,0.0000355448,0.0107233,0.0000183714,0.000156479,0.000002179681,0.00001498662,0.00002269611,7.008165e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4193873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4775837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068516927","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2008.07.001","title":"Pulse-echo NDT of adhesively bonded joints in automotive assemblies","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Waveform; Nondestructive testing; Adhesive; Ultrasonic sensor; Acoustics; Composite material; Reflection (computer programming); Ultrasonic testing; Optics; Layer (electronics); Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0146562540277918,"gpt":0.2060428592822941,"spread":0.1913866052545023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001541645,0.0001775752,0.0002737974,0.0001511531,0.00004276447,0.0000122382,0.0001511147,0.0001284907,0.00006874661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003140123,0.0001844088,0.00007037022,0.000341677,0.00005653943,0.0001581638,0.00001485197,0.0002536682,0.00003635127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001051061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006166121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003327103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002384392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989047,0.0000231378,0.0003635305,0.0001785732,0.0002297789,0.0003002818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993973,0.0001710785,0.00006692561,0.0001926488,0.0001106277,0.00006138755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003653195,0.0003599549,0.01843723,0.0003309227,0.0001479377,0.00008909025,0.005676257,0.04720527,0.9200768,0.001616802,0.002360387,0.003662755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001573211,0.0001775323,0.1530161,0.000250098,0.00004465448,0.00009777281,0.0007365149,0.08975056,0.751162,0.001533064,0.0008991492,0.0007593501],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899192,0.0004019133,0.002365247,0.00003637997,0.0002180925,0.0001941846,0.00003395059,0.0001621738,0.006668792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961689,0.0005980063,0.002993345,0.00002635848,0.00003414163,0.00001237881,0.00001767826,0.00003648388,0.0001127074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1689149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7519971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058927891","doi":"10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00390-6","title":"Piezoelectric thick film ultrasonic transducers fabricated by a sol–gel spray technique","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Queen's University; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Ultrasonic sensor; Rod; Piezoelectricity; Transducer; Composite material; Aluminium; SIGNAL (programming language); Sol-gel; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007728433071478732,"gpt":0.1827216110052426,"spread":0.1749931779337639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003000193,0.0004932013,0.0004046683,0.0001896418,0.0001852318,0.0001264229,0.0004617932,0.0004040834,0.0007522781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001705551,0.0005095352,0.000186124,0.0008256583,0.00008653599,0.0002559136,0.00001129816,0.0008706526,0.0002947148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002806931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003647046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001848429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007734999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975545,0.00005597082,0.0005384533,0.0005011501,0.0004351115,0.0009148349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988024,0.0002781349,0.00009203954,0.0004941954,0.00009472304,0.0002385409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001068429,0.0002745955,0.0001293786,0.0001779495,0.0001842421,0.00001497273,0.0008633817,0.01152928,0.8932013,0.0003989463,0.06039374,0.03282153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001479211,0.0003382414,0.0001045231,0.0001494709,0.0002209991,0.0002192854,0.0001777204,0.5751454,0.3507731,0.00053046,0.06895719,0.001904386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.122436,0.01118083,0.830952,0.0009693205,0.0009728725,0.002419159,0.0004481023,0.004374666,0.02624694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925259,0.003064475,0.003018661,0.0001553096,0.00009315423,0.00015757,0.0001086308,0.000152352,0.0007239361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8700899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070461783","doi":"10.1029/2001jb001586","title":"Determination of the complete elastic stiffnesses from ultrasonic phase velocity measurements","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; University of Alberta","keywords":"Orthorhombic crystal system; Anisotropy; Ultrasonic sensor; Phase velocity; Phase (matter); Triclinic crystal system; Dispersion (optics); Symmetry (geometry); Materials science; Diffraction; Condensed matter physics; Optics; Geometry; Physics; Acoustics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05640104223728402,"gpt":0.3119159648480049,"spread":0.2555149226107209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063754,0.0001099891,0.0002287758,0.00001590306,0.0001090275,0.00004861313,0.0003040611,0.00004923797,0.0001010869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001993085,0.00007518738,0.0001188947,0.0003398221,0.0001298016,0.0001588743,0.00002188796,0.0004845301,0.00001000619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001261717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001432653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004711639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000154346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979067,0.0002311601,0.0003889466,0.00009586922,0.001111835,0.0002654785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980557,0.0008500232,0.0001425981,0.0001736469,0.0006747033,0.0001033466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001097838,0.0006215163,0.001272014,0.0001325495,0.0001720796,0.000009164648,0.0002544752,0.00547389,0.9472749,0.0005031703,0.0005787927,0.04359767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006603281,0.001526112,0.1312021,0.001176744,0.0002611933,0.00002860049,0.0007020335,0.1984687,0.602949,0.05363533,0.002846502,0.0006003783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771453,0.0003084071,0.0217867,0.00003286128,0.0002491856,0.0001263899,0.00001694852,0.000008274518,0.00032593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966555,0.00005010296,0.003129604,0.000004306599,0.0001185261,0.000002960348,0.000001259101,0.00001718779,0.00002058776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3443259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3066052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169518373","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2004.1350957","title":"Guided Lamb waves and L-SAFT processing technique for enhanced detection and imaging of corrosion defects in plates with small depth-to wavelength ratio","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","keywords":"Lamb waves; Wavelength; Materials science; Corrosion; Acoustics; Nondestructive testing; Fourier transform; Guided wave testing; Optics; Sensitivity (control systems); Frequency domain; Synthetic aperture radar; Wave propagation; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Optoelectronics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007881435839926496,"gpt":0.2050502163547982,"spread":0.1971687805148717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002324509,0.0002442084,0.0002890721,0.0003122079,0.0001551474,0.00006376161,0.00005139986,0.0001141898,5.834279e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003717467,0.0002301259,0.00003183928,0.0003633005,0.00004491708,0.0001662244,5.569653e-7,0.000249641,1.079013e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001126311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006343865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004988871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005554149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989153,0.00001958746,0.0003346271,0.0003113134,0.0001139123,0.0003053002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994129,0.0001886924,0.00007432504,0.0001002051,0.0001304535,0.00009342562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009500521,0.00004571407,0.00005689622,0.0001689367,0.00001397136,0.000001376212,0.0002680808,0.03420832,0.9133546,0.00009929852,1.365322e-7,0.05168769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002456713,0.0005569768,0.0004580591,0.0002646385,0.00008673486,0.00004619057,0.00005358995,0.2220085,0.7723399,0.001419892,0.000001758529,0.0003070365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3103915,0.0004737989,0.6881343,0.00003018404,0.00003886266,0.0008394759,0.00001803535,0.00005409995,0.0000197442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858615,0.0005795912,0.01319857,0.00003287476,0.0000119546,0.0002655695,0.000002855243,0.00004467825,0.000002431867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6754699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9384261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145191207","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.001","title":"Effects of curing time and frequency on ultrasonic wave velocity in grouted rock bolts","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Grout; Rock bolt; Coring; Geotechnical engineering; Ultrasonic sensor; Geology; Engineering; Acoustics; Drilling; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00288288083751906,"gpt":0.1653492940383399,"spread":0.1624664132008208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000123082,0.0001238851,0.0002517751,0.00008444537,0.00001915867,0.0000132707,0.00006681852,0.00006746155,0.000004186829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000198334,0.00011646,0.00004431519,0.0001360635,0.00001080656,0.0001004085,0.000009206894,0.0003159762,0.000008974956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007857818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001890047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002692491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001066727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992601,0.000007763802,0.0003204217,0.00007847649,0.0001788111,0.0001543892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995482,0.0001476405,0.0001437661,0.00006943238,0.00003960744,0.00005137925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005393125,0.0001706587,0.00003763216,0.0002533805,0.00007826162,0.00001181787,0.0007099455,0.1041963,0.8654227,0.0009740797,0.00004538673,0.02804593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003889172,0.0004220936,0.04370551,0.0006893169,0.0001534059,0.00003052657,0.00007184878,0.1951282,0.740189,0.01504909,0.00007573195,0.0005960339],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972772,0.000134816,0.001664908,0.0000155458,0.00006091938,0.0001093035,0.000002677439,0.00001441334,0.0007202051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978658,0.0001071833,0.001801787,0.0000172441,0.0001814104,0.000001807734,0.000001524471,0.00001886689,0.000004356755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1252337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4749102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W144562474","doi":"10.1023/a:1026307909788","title":"Rayleigh Wave Propagation for the Detection of Near Surface Discontinuities: Finite Element Modeling","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Rayleigh wave; Classification of discontinuities; Wavelength; Rayleigh scattering; Rayleigh length; Surface wave; Acoustics; Lamb waves; Optics; Physics; Wave propagation; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03070805230789067,"gpt":0.2557918301278843,"spread":0.2250837778199936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001901313,0.0001041362,0.0001545423,0.00004590477,0.0001059529,0.00004245988,0.00005793252,0.00004898886,0.00001961801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005800685,0.00007682011,0.00009278835,0.0001324856,0.00002657184,0.0002968914,0.000003769478,0.0001366103,4.377379e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002059285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001083435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002214318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003895675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987467,0.00009268178,0.0005181908,0.00007745572,0.0004473435,0.0001176177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983124,0.0002568887,0.0003388445,0.00009380402,0.0009732649,0.00002484151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003179596,0.00001211695,0.00003369972,0.00003354101,0.00007068797,8.685799e-8,0.0006160953,0.9192531,0.06855925,0.0002666747,0.000002670257,0.01112034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007128291,0.0001524593,0.0003890994,0.00004858815,0.0001939782,0.00001091113,0.000829533,0.9355687,0.05500642,0.006972324,0.00003722807,0.00007789295],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4332242,0.000243023,0.5657628,0.00001408072,0.000336869,0.0003559981,0.000004447678,0.000005150005,0.00005338491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883851,0.00006097974,0.01141106,0.000002995068,0.00009727805,0.00001570397,0.000003724104,0.00001789635,0.000005280372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5551609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3132633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2295517049","doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2016.2519348","title":"A New High-Temperature Ultrasonic Transducer for Continuous Inspection","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Materials science; Transducer; Ultrasonic sensor; Ceramic; Piezoelectricity; Acoustic impedance; Composite material; PMUT; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004738430009019633,"gpt":0.1838357849363035,"spread":0.1790973549272838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002249593,0.0004425523,0.0004513098,0.0002587429,0.000306669,0.0001204724,0.00017216,0.0003474502,0.00008071723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004064913,0.0003522523,0.0002043946,0.0004103311,0.00005211685,0.0002869428,2.318935e-7,0.0004108104,0.00001406126],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002549854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001383719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005174044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009940869,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980747,0.00003849504,0.0004666138,0.0005024783,0.0002648481,0.0006528982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986077,0.0005955262,0.00007313934,0.000287088,0.0001678725,0.0002686585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001499235,0.0001032068,0.00002060677,0.00005696378,0.0002746011,0.000003398012,0.0001063306,0.004229127,0.8211265,0.002971963,0.0005457628,0.1704116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03397311,0.004715258,0.001000881,0.0005962115,0.001726699,0.0003046914,0.0001162371,0.09692254,0.8274177,0.02602398,0.003079077,0.004123638],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0713527,0.0007787161,0.9241577,0.0005857178,0.001120106,0.0009050921,0.0003877359,0.0005985099,0.0001136576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944704,0.001835411,0.002735544,0.0001392127,0.0002170951,0.0001913703,0.000010509,0.0001090744,0.0002913788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9231177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033667017","doi":"10.1155/2013/928627","title":"A Methodological Review of Piezoelectric Based Acoustic Wave Generation and Detection Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Aerospace Engineering","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Department of National Defence; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Airworthiness; Piezoelectricity; Structural health monitoring; Transducer; Energy (signal processing); Engineering; Piezoelectric sensor; Acoustics; Structural integrity; Systems engineering; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering; Certification; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1057634151524935,"gpt":0.3601973008218877,"spread":0.2544338856693942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007679526,0.0002640951,0.0009521832,0.0003252681,0.00002388562,0.00004869052,0.0001620268,0.000143595,0.000004689226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006229358,0.0002181692,0.0002637138,0.0001499018,0.00001047607,0.0001466295,0.00001645947,0.0003690506,1.836047e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003603668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008768238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000205033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.474636e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984533,0.00005451109,0.0008929467,0.0001313267,0.000301961,0.0001659382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984081,0.0004005972,0.0006240878,0.00008280061,0.000409476,0.0000749071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002129697,0.000005016635,5.024361e-7,0.02637864,0.0001785857,0.000001808939,0.000009128102,0.006360474,0.003103894,0.000008359444,0.00007150026,0.9638799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005893667,0.0007387521,0.00001459044,0.1563042,0.001004673,0.0008289741,0.00001240022,0.7619321,0.01015772,0.00004254211,0.06743101,0.0009436596],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004463418,0.545098,0.453828,0.00001912392,0.0006706969,0.0003014047,0.00001140282,0.00002605003,7.045294e-7],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004075517,0.8938627,0.1012217,0.00000919133,0.000717703,0.00004787753,0.00001737609,0.00004555917,0.000002346651],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9629363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8896681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"systematic_review","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2267342869","doi":"10.1680/geot.13.p.206","title":"Time and frequency domain evaluation of bender element systems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géotechnique","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acoustics; Frequency domain; Accelerometer; Time domain; Transducer; Shear (geology); Piezoelectricity; Sine wave; Vibration; Structural engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Composite material; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Voltage","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02205895167650131,"gpt":0.2344069955355622,"spread":0.2123480438590609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009296291,0.00006031682,0.00008176463,0.00004464082,0.00001036436,0.000009462122,0.00003615861,0.0000594164,0.00001369938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002686863,0.00005830017,0.000009807619,0.00005906557,0.00001481911,0.00004917168,0.00000854898,0.00005288377,0.000005064174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008444916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002640548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002565395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002074379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994547,0.00003073461,0.0001454898,0.00006991491,0.0002203518,0.00007884641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997072,0.00001006285,0.00002887751,0.0001009309,0.000116203,0.00003668591],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005285432,0.0000469275,0.0001719416,0.0001933283,0.00007391717,0.000001870288,0.0008877277,0.07878245,0.8938505,0.01018602,0.003445455,0.0123546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007675315,0.0001414812,0.0003699193,0.0001375809,0.00008646597,0.00002093685,0.0002214816,0.8854409,0.06352347,0.04841486,0.0005607182,0.0003146886],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7286286,0.001104783,0.2601389,0.00005195018,0.0001544006,0.0008361287,0.00002402134,0.0002562457,0.008804992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910852,0.00001486732,0.008783844,0.000003439702,0.00002925226,0.00004786809,0.00001382959,0.00001132248,0.00001041509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.830327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2377412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2775235543","doi":"10.1177/1475921717744679","title":"A model-based approach for statistical assessment of detection and localization performance of guided wave–based imaging techniques","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural Health Monitoring","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Metric (unit); Computer science; Structural health monitoring; Statistical hypothesis testing; Statistical model; Identification (biology); Statistical power; Noise (video); Artificial intelligence; Uncertainty quantification; Algorithm; Pattern recognition (psychology); Machine learning; Mathematics; Image (mathematics); Statistics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03127491418113481,"gpt":0.3306087973258754,"spread":0.2993338831447406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002062415,0.00009539561,0.0001657218,0.00005782587,0.0002170962,0.00002554723,0.00005664058,0.00003422946,3.435104e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002987333,0.00009218645,0.00001813236,0.0000280855,0.000044953,0.0001186923,0.00000993688,0.00007450259,5.021831e-9],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001096722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006038344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000418208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.52317e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993045,0.00001054871,0.0002848653,0.0001186179,0.0001264889,0.0001549975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999508,0.00003089571,0.0001647275,0.0001488683,0.0001027227,0.00004474297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002982998,0.000008919932,0.02549951,0.004269631,0.000009976858,1.047169e-7,0.0000624708,0.7083259,0.05544196,0.0001609714,0.000002916618,0.2061878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002333844,0.00006104723,0.02036175,0.0001033729,0.000008518283,6.418827e-7,0.00001118469,0.8891801,0.08985072,0.0001174511,0.000001000948,0.00007086256],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3337922,0.00002688242,0.6657663,0.000006406007,0.00009588755,0.0002387078,0.00002071468,0.00003397565,0.00001894267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7507635,0.00001081304,0.2491275,0.000002419211,0.00004419369,0.00002476747,0.00001323498,0.00001318426,3.797445e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4169714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3759254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023806655","doi":"10.1115/1.1364493","title":"Scattering of Guided Waves by Circumferential Cracks in Steel Pipes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Scattering; Reflection (computer programming); Materials science; Antisymmetry; Mechanics; Optics; Acoustics; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006058187602366497,"gpt":0.1937692896395817,"spread":0.1877111020372152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000234142,0.0001060032,0.0002347135,0.00009822117,0.000015476,0.00001914027,0.0001388329,0.00007350156,0.000189879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007451372,0.0001026865,0.00005407086,0.0001137253,0.000007326109,0.00007787261,0.000008934913,0.0002008381,0.000004622634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005198552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001758194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001828959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000125924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990356,0.000005983045,0.0005288304,0.00006876852,0.0002064267,0.000154372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999674,0.00002429983,0.0001224404,0.00008945725,0.00004103364,0.00004881932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002633077,0.00004270504,0.00000211816,0.0000638401,0.00003095291,0.000002997533,0.0001866117,0.04003691,0.9260052,0.0007107027,0.0006663905,0.0322252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001988785,0.000133118,0.0000837471,0.0002204644,0.00008931911,0.00005291025,0.0003341492,0.1985827,0.7775715,0.01749491,0.003062273,0.0003861251],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9223598,0.0002003861,0.07427685,0.00004248994,0.0002669991,0.0001140319,0.00001173823,0.00002213573,0.002705607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968624,0.0002909707,0.00269932,0.00002382612,0.00007967999,0.000001578259,0.000002753289,0.00002208346,0.00001742874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1585458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4187433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052172590","doi":"10.1117/12.388193","title":"&lt;title&gt;Uniaxial stress dependence of the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics&lt;/title&gt;","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Lead zirconate titanate; Materials science; Stress (linguistics); Piezoelectric coefficient; Ceramic; Composite material; Ferroelectricity; Optoelectronics; Dielectric","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008228987573490169,"gpt":0.1891911988831949,"spread":0.1809622113097048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001738287,0.0001559239,0.0002062535,0.00004992985,0.00003132268,0.00002715765,0.0004890305,0.0001081089,0.00007152978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001183846,0.0001161608,0.0002310339,0.0002163529,0.0001185273,0.0001447937,0.00004096235,0.0001811742,0.000005994491],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007005472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002494984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003431354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.773005e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989149,2.177608e-8,0.0003644996,0.0001414354,0.0003891298,0.0001900103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992768,0.00003035882,0.000125904,0.00004874391,0.0004862819,0.00003187593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001953969,0.00004553403,0.00004045877,0.0005329231,0.000194796,3.888603e-8,0.00009992559,0.001270188,0.879097,0.1136693,0.001694198,0.003336145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005480128,0.0001341937,0.0003449327,0.0006170475,0.0001641445,0.00001040661,0.0001486571,0.3632196,0.6279123,0.001398708,0.005138076,0.0003639325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817619,0.0003117138,0.00006791199,0.0001710375,0.0001952459,0.0002176197,0.00004224605,0.00004441842,0.01718785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940121,0.0002614261,0.004845353,0.00001112111,0.000129736,0.00001772517,0.000002475393,0.00003492566,0.0006851671],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3619494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4736899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W840588946","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.06.007","title":"An NDT guided wave technique for the identification of corrosion defects at support locations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NDT & E International","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducer; Piping; Nondestructive testing; Inflection point; Guided wave testing; Acoustics; Materials science; Corrosion; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Dispersion (optics); Transducer; Engineering; Sensitivity (control systems); Ultrasonic sensor; Ultrasonic testing; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Optics; Electronic engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03286387530210177,"gpt":0.2810104253288814,"spread":0.2481465500267797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004043421,0.00007648116,0.00006684827,0.00006496696,0.00005175411,0.00003245082,0.0001849073,0.00005605638,0.00005143468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001634904,0.00006480207,0.00004257008,0.0000656799,0.00002700597,0.0001442243,0.00001959482,0.0000565648,0.00001517086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001674768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003824212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001110232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001455962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992527,0.00001013289,0.0003080438,0.0001138875,0.0002253446,0.00008982702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992022,0.00008507838,0.00009460116,0.0001901406,0.0003867966,0.00004117877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001425263,0.0000474862,0.0004474948,0.0000191169,0.00001952733,3.374842e-7,0.0002223146,0.04634238,0.9394653,0.002646554,0.009331212,0.001444066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002852266,0.00005051459,0.001482776,0.00001660711,0.00002922674,0.00001668624,0.00006785443,0.4801512,0.5098689,0.002206254,0.005721957,0.0001028439],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06808408,0.00003322619,0.9292918,0.0002068159,0.0008992711,0.0004902983,0.0001263406,0.00006909682,0.0007990721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962456,0.00001526951,0.002631183,0.00002850058,0.0001301762,0.0001975028,0.0003893262,0.00001870369,0.0003437213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9281616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2642552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991118746","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2013.12.013","title":"High order shear horizontal modes for minimum remnant thickness","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Transducer; Finite element method; Cutoff; Shear (geology); Cutoff frequency; Acoustics; Reduction (mathematics); Optics; Physics; Geometry; Structural engineering; Composite material; Mathematics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007079570469805154,"gpt":0.1996945808674198,"spread":0.1926150103976147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002772684,0.0002019619,0.0002208777,0.00004718153,0.0001098181,0.00006717518,0.0001669099,0.0001524905,0.00002729545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002542694,0.0001884334,0.00007256825,0.0001355586,0.00003095192,0.0001144024,0.00001221847,0.0001739783,0.0000330325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006177193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002879145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001434132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001309377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989526,0.00001624419,0.0002436417,0.0002284112,0.0001762054,0.0003828623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992316,0.0002738747,0.00003696746,0.0002524901,0.0001167921,0.00008822781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006282268,0.0001775918,0.0001501925,0.0006375572,0.0001967683,0.000003059888,0.0006882999,0.2613835,0.5701446,0.09192396,0.007100559,0.06753106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009533401,0.0001876941,0.0001812319,0.00006659288,0.00006988613,0.00001561358,0.0001314748,0.9245901,0.0455437,0.005448397,0.02227236,0.0005396703],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3021587,0.0001986883,0.6946339,0.000157351,0.0009211999,0.0003512348,0.00006838195,0.0003732613,0.001137202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9548951,0.0001004235,0.04432308,0.00005992293,0.000311099,0.00004754599,0.00007224422,0.00006957501,0.0001210309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6632065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7684092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060769031","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.07.006","title":"Grout quality and its impact on guided ultrasonic waves in grouted rock bolts","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Grout; Geotechnical engineering; Rock bolt; Ultrasonic sensor; Attenuation; Compressive strength; Geology; Materials science; Composite material; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01169591807358956,"gpt":0.2641026943031317,"spread":0.2524067762295422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003601497,0.0001782234,0.0003064019,0.0000946962,0.00003356053,0.00004728449,0.000121255,0.0001109131,0.00001380004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005074623,0.000144134,0.00007882231,0.00016547,0.00001033217,0.0001365694,0.00001233781,0.0006989581,0.00001288988],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005677685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003536645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007002206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004477706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998955,0.00001207284,0.0004652647,0.0001084451,0.000238998,0.0002202907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993662,0.0001461919,0.000181764,0.0001232054,0.00007636013,0.000106227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001060237,0.000126725,0.0002717821,0.00007886682,0.00008051412,0.000007816366,0.0005159396,0.04342752,0.9442504,0.005125994,0.000169592,0.005838836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006376224,0.0006262315,0.5797881,0.0002584998,0.0001641509,0.0001257477,0.0004511264,0.1622343,0.1898638,0.05837849,0.0002943386,0.001438992],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978606,0.00003890213,0.0006749165,0.00003543455,0.0002401938,0.0001115443,0.00001020031,0.00002375902,0.001004445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992208,0.00006853994,0.000355841,0.00003706732,0.0002790324,0.000002233453,0.000004343785,0.0000256219,0.00000646747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7543865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5877612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009709725","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2020.2978086","title":"Monitoring pH Level Using High-Resolution Microwave Sensor for Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Steel Pipelines","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Materials science; Corrosion; Stress corrosion cracking; Cracking; Microwave; Coating; Stress (linguistics); Permittivity; Corrosion monitoring; Composite material; Dielectric; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0447550779885213,"gpt":0.2563867067027767,"spread":0.2116316287142554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001967124,0.0001521919,0.0002203073,0.0001232912,0.00009300432,0.0000550119,0.00007659567,0.00009858608,0.000003380885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001285819,0.0001598735,0.0000759637,0.0001689172,0.00001921168,0.000203573,0.000007817087,0.0002665934,0.000001206816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001281506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000277303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001224894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003792305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988658,0.00003647396,0.0005057704,0.0001371606,0.0002078775,0.000246849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993564,0.00009633892,0.0001836213,0.00006485434,0.0002116587,0.00008706256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001960054,0.000008377024,0.0006184225,0.00008029459,0.000006248738,0.000003514732,0.0002697493,0.4370331,0.5607616,0.000002221228,0.00002357227,0.001173236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004632742,0.00002729595,0.00104107,0.0002951055,0.00002257081,0.00001927634,0.0003023085,0.4889988,0.5086627,0.00005361362,0.000008071613,0.0001059264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7141462,0.0001172229,0.2846812,0.00006312596,0.0007864372,0.0001333067,0.00004241968,0.00002465684,0.000005415246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699154,0.0000988691,0.02896265,0.00001076292,0.0009593259,0.000001656927,0.000006239882,0.00003863679,0.000006440391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2557692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6519451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039158649","doi":"10.1121/1.1509426","title":"Elastic guided waves in a layered plate with rectangular cross section","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Anisotropy; Finite element method; Cross section (physics); Lamb waves; Dispersion (optics); Section (typography); Composite plate; Stiffness; Wave propagation; Optics; Composite number; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01082865593336049,"gpt":0.2174836439526548,"spread":0.2066549880192943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003127472,0.0001111481,0.0002096975,0.00001863143,0.00007928233,0.00001901064,0.0002399672,0.00005841537,0.00005004428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000128565,0.00005797649,0.0001326761,0.0003002049,0.0002076014,0.00007947064,0.0000263355,0.000424088,0.000002047302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008777392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001443033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001567201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.274277e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990425,0.0000515365,0.0003575082,0.00005611876,0.0003038827,0.0001884573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992592,0.0002641784,0.0001831985,0.0001533125,0.00009778882,0.00004235184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004038216,0.00004996099,0.0001478443,0.00004487315,0.0001078056,0.00000160356,0.0008992021,0.9309917,0.06178651,0.000001147616,0.003476872,0.002452068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004601681,0.0001549451,0.001854592,0.0001111734,0.0000930267,0.0001046456,0.0003936386,0.9942435,0.002066592,0.0002272339,0.0002008106,0.00008967551],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4382784,0.0004226115,0.5598941,0.0007075961,0.0002726181,0.0001322204,0.00000550388,0.00002321046,0.0002637412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984641,0.0004305928,0.01462496,0.0001067332,0.0001280621,8.82219e-7,1.782581e-7,0.00001870716,0.00004884271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5463627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2364213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064399064","doi":"10.1007/s10921-005-7658-4","title":"Measurement Models and Scattering Models for Predicting the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Response From Side-Drilled Holes","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Waveform; Acoustics; Scattering; Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); Nondestructive testing; Echo (communications protocol); Solid mechanics; Reflector (photography); Optics; Materials science; Physics; Voltage; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04596701318410415,"gpt":0.269209191233841,"spread":0.2232421780497368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003469869,0.0001518473,0.0001950516,0.0001076292,0.0001427954,0.00009264406,0.0001181535,0.0000686934,0.000007636379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004769376,0.0001171418,0.0000786786,0.0000849193,0.0000409415,0.0007706654,0.00001262989,0.0002105603,5.564163e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004554974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004885122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007449445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983038,0.0001560306,0.0004925,0.0001383537,0.0007365749,0.0001727542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984431,0.0003348339,0.0002644931,0.0001247731,0.0007732354,0.00005955841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001897682,0.00000997172,0.00003752891,0.0000114936,0.00009434536,1.92902e-7,0.001020576,0.7813699,0.1859251,0.00004300777,0.00001925306,0.03127883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001151931,0.00008839434,0.003906667,0.0001611744,0.000230141,0.00002774504,0.0005563227,0.9591331,0.01041034,0.02420452,0.00000940754,0.0001202228],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6402169,0.001014853,0.3579282,0.0002343943,0.0001815448,0.0003323795,0.00001209656,0.00001625381,0.00006333422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854407,0.0001054735,0.01394761,0.00002280985,0.0004205392,0.00002909933,0.000003109133,0.00002908588,0.000001589047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3452238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4776904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005453220","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2013.08.004","title":"Excitation of ultrasonic Lamb waves using a phased array system with two array probes: Phantom and in vitro bone studies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Phased array; Excitation; Ultrasonic sensor; Transducer; Materials science; Lamb waves; Acoustics; Group velocity; Imaging phantom; Physics; Wave propagation; Antenna (radio)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01420379096535246,"gpt":0.2343367358907864,"spread":0.2201329449254339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002770672,0.0002891056,0.0004746986,0.0001813783,0.00006894759,0.00006412354,0.0000930505,0.00008363016,0.00000539549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001218915,0.0002455576,0.00003929239,0.0004344745,0.0001048869,0.0003640669,0.000004327519,0.0002011494,0.000003954667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000198114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005527765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008717644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004558053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985309,0.00004768853,0.0004899288,0.0002871188,0.0002619286,0.000382436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990518,0.0002851086,0.000153844,0.0002075656,0.0002233555,0.00007829125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000296134,0.00004798526,0.0003351063,0.0007156213,0.00009536611,0.000001806772,0.001576951,0.009549813,0.9867777,0.0000993097,0.000004291697,0.0007664188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002433255,0.0001418978,0.001042748,0.001241706,0.0001318245,0.00009210052,0.007983281,0.0764875,0.9096122,0.0002313891,0.00002935567,0.000572695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339722,0.002938919,0.0619201,0.0000209161,0.0001244712,0.0006611834,0.0000227453,0.0001377899,0.0002016088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778966,0.0003368848,0.02155447,0.000008225039,0.00005164523,0.00006876874,0.00001663099,0.00005568196,0.00001115292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07716547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899027667","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2018-0406","title":"Benefits from using two receivers for interpretation of low-strain integrity tests on pipe piles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pile; Superposition principle; Head (geology); Flexural strength; Interference (communication); Structural engineering; Vibration; Acoustics; Parametric statistics; RADIUS; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02205900124236933,"gpt":0.2457284262378351,"spread":0.2236694249954657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002226518,0.0001075421,0.0001415477,0.0001552629,0.00009877614,0.00005064356,0.0001526255,0.0001192147,0.00006524058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002762098,0.000107214,0.00006786521,0.0001057404,0.00006248921,0.00008973575,0.00000562816,0.0003767619,0.000004757804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003437025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000171254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002021273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004523923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992536,0.00001632912,0.0002657548,0.000111862,0.0001127394,0.0002397329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992893,0.000117247,0.00006833369,0.00010663,0.0001682159,0.0002503073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009502422,0.00004022312,0.0002064602,0.0000539122,0.0001198354,0.00001158007,0.0003533917,0.5923192,0.1664045,0.001311077,0.001577875,0.2375069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004415611,0.0001928767,0.002373174,0.0004919039,0.00003676108,0.00002416614,0.00006515411,0.9829715,0.007957678,0.004876018,0.0003762283,0.0001929596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7165806,0.00007485088,0.2816797,0.0001783051,0.0005867672,0.0001710978,0.000483975,0.00003986039,0.0002048687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934677,0.00001454896,0.006045986,0.00009582692,0.0003300469,0.000002095332,0.00002053349,0.00002069517,0.000002503536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3906524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4372061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975882756","doi":"10.1007/bf02344681","title":"Automatic de-noising of knee-joint vibration signals using adaptive time-frequency representations","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"SIGNAL (programming language); Vibration; Sensitivity (control systems); Wavelet; Noise (video); Pattern recognition (psychology); Wavelet packet decomposition; Time–frequency analysis; Computer science; Joint (building); Artificial intelligence; Wavelet transform; Acoustics; Engineering; Electronic engineering; Computer vision; Physics; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01828825643082996,"gpt":0.2324905625907147,"spread":0.2142023061598847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000534545,0.0001935846,0.0003158209,0.00008653555,0.00007638582,0.00002749782,0.0001435318,0.0001962282,0.001359552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004492537,0.0001731557,0.00009280274,0.0003049101,0.00005784296,0.00008014266,0.00003218241,0.0003061226,0.00003398918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001032726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004254905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002461118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.734199e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998493,0.00005654244,0.0005803376,0.0002201118,0.0002834648,0.0003665852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992583,0.0003279358,0.00006375692,0.0001420893,0.00004449408,0.0001634705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001908261,0.00002960113,0.0001654014,0.00005537844,0.00003653319,0.000009039575,0.0001296108,0.8196973,0.1436134,0.0001306162,0.00001332702,0.03611787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001739624,0.00006104832,0.003791386,0.0002979061,0.00001805897,0.00003065484,0.00001798696,0.9920101,0.003154529,0.0002465667,0.000008104374,0.000189732],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5914466,0.0001394068,0.4075606,0.00001966054,0.00007140369,0.0001100656,0.000003180438,0.0002595588,0.0003894464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9463046,0.00001585003,0.05344337,0.00003126639,0.0001555688,0.00000412603,0.00001643213,0.00002400575,0.000004849928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3548579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038492154","doi":"10.2113/jeeg10.3.295","title":"Detection of Surface Breaking Cracks in Concrete Members Using Rayleigh Waves","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rayleigh wave; Rayleigh length; Rayleigh scattering; Wavelength; Beam (structure); Surface wave; Wavenumber; Geology; Optics; Love wave; Seismology; Acoustics; Wave propagation; Mechanical wave; Longitudinal wave; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003485043520471473,"gpt":0.1611461536168916,"spread":0.1576611100964202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009001778,0.00009745194,0.0001572274,0.00005025125,0.00001430038,0.00000949171,0.00003194834,0.00004082638,0.000005994355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004256948,0.00009852181,0.00004092497,0.00004851271,0.00001711317,0.0002025595,0.00001162307,0.0001530837,5.669909e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008729822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002976069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005338089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.079768e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994574,0.000004756773,0.0002610255,0.00005166061,0.0001130745,0.0001121412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999809,0.00002976077,0.00007624154,0.00004206177,0.000004797086,0.00003818618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003076378,0.000003763938,0.000126466,0.00002262824,0.00001279167,0.000001696279,0.00009252525,0.4008813,0.5974318,0.000002956591,2.767133e-7,0.001420705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000562365,0.00007083105,0.03065598,0.000130316,0.00004520993,0.00008863831,0.0001302933,0.8542929,0.1136481,0.00002681446,0.0001422167,0.0002063288],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962398,0.0004610733,0.003115984,0.000003708955,0.0001175739,0.00003143085,0.000004305901,0.000007755089,0.00001830009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965771,0.0002367952,0.003063812,0.000002569056,0.00009870205,1.767699e-7,6.170397e-7,0.0000171443,0.000003019673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4837838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4017603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}