{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":232,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":232,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"5cee373719e4","filters":{"topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification"}},"results":[{"id":"W2154115272","doi":"10.1177/0095327x0102700402","title":"Patterns in Liberal Democratic Civil-Military Relations","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Armed Forces & Society","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Civil–military relations; Democracy; State (computer science); Political science; Law; Law and economics; Liberal democracy; Control (management); Sociology; Public administration; Management; Economics; Politics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03751372655112807,"gpt":0.2490436073743501,"spread":0.211529880823222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000242912,0.0001206806,0.0001321958,0.00003189205,0.0004267208,0.00004940988,0.0001276553,0.00009317471,0.001297325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000261084,0.000113472,0.0001480753,0.00005507662,0.0001680691,0.0003696004,0.00002608002,0.0002969711,0.0001096404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006695327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003587511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000545475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01316702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990349,0.00004558528,0.0002825902,0.0002103803,0.0001641232,0.0002624524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994977,0.000138446,0.00005559355,0.0001953612,0.00006164389,0.00005127583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001886173,0.0002471592,0.06270269,0.0001300257,0.00009316772,0.000006718531,0.7400931,0.0003465621,0.00008124104,0.04767077,0.1464309,0.002178897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028163,0.0002455782,0.1750421,0.000412733,0.0002480169,0.00001474759,0.2354908,0.02736368,0.00008121515,0.3123353,0.2443528,0.00159667],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9397686,0.0004840102,0.0002484396,0.003247034,0.0004802346,0.0002363218,0.00002696395,0.0001255473,0.05538285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9687392,0.0004073671,0.0001190891,0.001126899,0.0004746979,0.00003617982,0.0001017437,0.00001771955,0.02897708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5046022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941199353","doi":"10.1111/phc3.12587","title":"Collective harm and the inefficacy problem","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Compass","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Connaught Fund","keywords":"Harm; sort; Point (geometry); Law and economics; Computer science; Epistemology; Risk analysis (engineering); Political science; Business; Sociology; Law; Mathematics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06008753813410005,"gpt":0.2463136239165706,"spread":0.1862260857824706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002460656,0.0001059526,0.0001715601,0.00004616704,0.0003757905,0.0001663252,0.0001364881,0.00002998886,0.0003003466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002060759,0.00006926344,0.00004815542,0.00003435746,0.0004550835,0.0001181144,0.00004197854,0.0002011927,0.0002994155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003091455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004867287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009364256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004133397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993055,0.00007774781,0.0001608714,0.0001860073,0.00014562,0.0001241833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992925,0.0002529421,0.00008302192,0.000204749,0.0001340197,0.00003275734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009014388,0.00004113389,0.00005803127,0.00004432183,0.00003063914,2.188545e-7,0.05743589,0.000007463242,0.000013112,0.9397311,0.002345258,0.0002027392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002465327,0.00007830973,0.0006644248,0.00005163363,0.00005167934,0.000002271793,0.002050618,0.001230389,0.00005245057,0.7666165,0.2265079,0.0002285226],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03976989,0.0003372146,0.00003310041,0.03694233,0.0006777269,0.0009313736,0.00002397266,0.0001057287,0.9211786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910744,0.0000133442,0.00003217661,0.0007558882,0.0007633562,0.00004087427,0.000009167358,0.00001268062,0.007298098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9513045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3848481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995071304","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00374.x","title":"Justice after War","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics & International Affairs","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Jus ad bellum; Law; Just war theory; Charter; Treaty; United Nations Charter; Political science; Use of force; Geneva Conventions; War crime; Politics; Law of war; Economic Justice; Spanish Civil War; World War II; International law; Security council; International humanitarian law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1457426718404079,"gpt":0.308737885074152,"spread":0.1629952132337441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004423973,0.0001366188,0.0001002465,0.0001132344,0.0003334926,0.0001683396,0.0003065621,0.0001560958,0.01871011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004557743,0.0001305941,0.00009148399,0.00002648727,0.0003567756,0.0003400488,0.00005334832,0.000850078,0.002999941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006283359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002464155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000102393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007661665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986541,0.00006480543,0.0002675957,0.0002550241,0.0005753307,0.0001831814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987335,0.0003728662,0.00009529354,0.0002022511,0.0005325222,0.0000635949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002189723,0.0001162335,0.00003815053,0.00005829956,0.00005704561,0.00001175004,0.1634832,0.00002100339,0.00002910465,0.7985745,0.03638333,0.00120551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002126421,0.00002581008,0.0001175849,0.00005523916,0.00006067456,0.000005095773,0.01825893,0.001453199,0.00006788368,0.01472636,0.9647831,0.000233446],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004113301,0.0005636556,0.000370886,0.05537256,0.00744381,0.0001321531,0.0001001977,0.0002010306,0.9317024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9258454,0.0002382998,0.0002191103,0.002089713,0.002567437,0.00003116043,0.00003841123,0.0000224394,0.06894805],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9283998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054802865","doi":"10.1111/j.1933-1592.2009.00298.x","title":"The Duty of Self‐Knowledge","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Self-deception; Duty; Conscience; Disposition; Self-knowledge; Epistemology; Deception; Philosophy; Psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3774514964697103,"gpt":0.3977803240296074,"spread":0.02032882755989707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001423634,0.00008252993,0.0001294116,0.00006974968,0.001120631,0.0001154211,0.000268557,0.00007052664,0.0001593459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002550919,0.00004761352,0.00003696497,0.00007527115,0.001202697,0.0000753998,0.00006707411,0.0004720279,0.00009407163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001858433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000328319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001194872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001623584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987999,0.0002348221,0.0002044474,0.0001995668,0.0002689517,0.0002923737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984916,0.000833625,0.00004036891,0.0002238571,0.0003349912,0.00007552661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004806367,0.0001685163,0.00001267908,0.00002199251,0.00001096733,5.970028e-7,0.01750875,1.501523e-7,0.00002900722,0.9721474,0.0004989154,0.009552978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001217085,0.0004096401,0.0002667772,0.0000100059,0.000004376584,4.135692e-7,0.001492708,0.00002542567,0.00001923965,0.8457837,0.1518065,0.00005952256],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02072847,0.003655301,0.000003742203,0.01558679,0.0001097379,0.0002055805,0.000009419194,0.00004848796,0.9596525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967196,0.0008247248,0.00002268566,0.00009357817,0.0007217553,0.00001268416,0.000003450191,0.00000408932,0.001597434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9759911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8619097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767591425","doi":"10.1017/s0003055417000442","title":"Democratic Citizenship and Denationalization","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Political Science Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Citizenship; Political science; State (computer science); Politics; Law; Law and economics; Terrorism; Power (physics); Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09744153784587155,"gpt":0.3641687994074506,"spread":0.2667272615615791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007630437,0.00007369405,0.0001611923,0.00003778492,0.001399915,0.0003846654,0.0002898109,0.000009385213,0.0001894557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002215121,0.00005760396,0.00002685737,0.00004543816,0.006737622,0.0002925714,0.00005481797,0.00007118294,0.00006826717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004749954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001220089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003654688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000679545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989217,0.00004048176,0.0001796489,0.0002174655,0.0003008294,0.0003398799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990083,0.000106122,0.0001475209,0.000298734,0.0002179696,0.0002213368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[2.638866e-7,0.00000534641,0.0002697518,0.0001529198,0.000001615757,3.198681e-7,0.0002057638,1.331769e-8,0.000006810747,0.9847791,0.0008163148,0.01376178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002271295,0.0001410528,0.06682025,0.00251444,0.0002117518,0.00002723173,0.001546459,0.0006071494,0.000100695,0.7921007,0.1349834,0.0007197473],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0341014,0.008602835,0.000706943,0.1749781,0.0006779312,0.0008574715,0.00003548987,0.0001471587,0.7798927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911314,0.00208188,0.000140565,0.005320217,0.0002127235,0.00001340056,0.000003420962,0.000004901281,0.001091523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9570299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254157207","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2940-6","title":"Scare Tactics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Argumentation library","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Appeal; Heading (navigation); Subject (documents); Epistemology; Psychology; Political science; Philosophy; Law; Computer science; Engineering; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04242227946182421,"gpt":0.2353067387864224,"spread":0.1928844593245981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004304524,0.0002118646,0.0001794215,0.0001523153,0.0003044701,0.0004473559,0.0001804671,0.0001815709,0.04476008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004412846,0.000218314,0.0001021554,0.00001125353,0.0001862341,0.001331628,0.00002574779,0.0003297953,0.002863594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000413264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002386342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001134599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008952783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989557,0.00004035135,0.0003251955,0.000273843,0.0002546296,0.0001502406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993424,0.00008830892,0.0002054915,0.0002625868,0.00003944312,0.00006179358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001086293,0.00001910083,0.000006433524,0.00008615899,0.0000342575,0.000002985695,0.01208829,0.000002479434,8.328905e-7,0.3903528,0.5938239,0.003571921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001462641,0.00002736762,0.00001351103,0.0000864534,0.00007188696,0.000001027704,0.001110085,0.000008770518,0.000043985,0.04914955,0.9490957,0.00024535],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000076097,0.0004079358,0.000004589228,0.001304877,0.001110186,0.000253512,0.000320077,0.0002660817,0.9962566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001871734,0.0003589648,0.0001254694,0.002415448,0.002807749,0.0000237031,0.006830157,0.00008202672,0.9854847],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3552719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588959484","doi":"10.1111/phpr.12369","title":"What Makes a Person Liable to Defensive Harm?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Wrongdoing; Harm; Liability; Law and economics; Luck; Recklessness; Moral responsibility; Control (management); Law; Business; Economics; Philosophy; Political science; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.631808782953544,"gpt":0.4330109815568429,"spread":0.1987978013967011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009462098,0.0001405148,0.0002029741,0.0001383281,0.003205038,0.002060347,0.000473365,0.00010872,0.0009704714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007887871,0.000107455,0.00004591184,0.00003251806,0.001427095,0.0006133658,0.0002315855,0.0005886884,0.0008576364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003769289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003104995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001743388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008087818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983535,0.0001399741,0.0001469405,0.0004562299,0.0004140605,0.0004892969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998423,0.0003253565,0.0000565245,0.0005091985,0.0004579759,0.0002278985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001074192,0.00007801793,0.00004514431,0.00005073837,0.00001913654,0.000009181305,0.04469032,7.676747e-7,0.00007401542,0.9476063,0.001780584,0.005538354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000264144,0.0005151713,0.0003232678,0.00008636332,0.00000948496,0.000001513374,0.02588266,0.00002653247,0.00003947705,0.7923821,0.1802616,0.00020768],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07729404,0.001755958,0.000009755322,0.09328878,0.0006779119,0.0005535097,0.0000338811,0.00006959341,0.8263166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878362,0.000580909,0.00005520459,0.0007682643,0.001562243,0.00007896044,0.000009051955,0.00001352649,0.009095627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9105422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W185627415","doi":"10.55540/0031-1723.2344","title":"Ethics Training and Development in the Military","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The US Army War College Quarterly Parameters","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Training (meteorology); Engineering ethics; Military threat; Law; Military science; Engineering; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1056889954599787,"gpt":0.2818406665844887,"spread":0.17615167112451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003976693,0.0001665079,0.0001687482,0.0001070523,0.0008778882,0.00006436144,0.0002922787,0.00009757501,0.00003030186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006518923,0.0001024056,0.0000435947,0.0000688678,0.0005991454,0.0001360191,0.00001155898,0.000671897,0.00003702349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004146824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009663217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006127795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0136117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984335,0.0002763237,0.0003940226,0.0002272862,0.0003232231,0.0003456691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981472,0.001386552,0.0000723077,0.0002831065,0.0000613536,0.00004941021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004107659,0.00004432417,0.00004487215,0.00002983843,0.00002474693,0.0000117434,0.957112,0.00001308779,0.00001452103,0.03046306,0.0006597511,0.01154101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005970545,0.0003025773,0.002891153,0.00006958831,0.00003884788,0.00002297228,0.7720399,0.0003556373,0.00005524838,0.006652124,0.2166296,0.0003452895],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987698,0.0005138122,0.0002458043,0.004904304,0.0004979309,0.0004846259,0.00001724079,0.00004462799,0.005593613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963117,0.0000217238,0.0007321078,0.002280585,0.0001569668,0.00003162046,0.00001010852,0.0000152378,0.0004399048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2159698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7595647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050353949","doi":"10.1086/662294","title":"Desert and Avoidability in Self-Defense","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Desert (philosophy); Morality; Relevance (law); Self defense; Philosophy; Epistemology; Environmental ethics; Law and economics; Political science; Law; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2551081103067132,"gpt":0.2924957985916468,"spread":0.03738768828493361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001269511,0.00006914197,0.00008549919,0.00004213911,0.0002140148,0.00004518617,0.00006966501,0.0001475138,0.0003504143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003674877,0.00006295317,0.00001903819,0.00001847187,0.0003141923,0.0001257038,0.00002521052,0.0007024907,0.00006411759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002010124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000640152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001253495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00944863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993197,0.0001330935,0.0001545801,0.0001577544,0.0001151981,0.0001197215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993461,0.0002855854,0.00003672441,0.0001740539,0.0001196964,0.00003783686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001106947,0.00006910139,0.002309729,0.00008103489,0.000004166232,0.000001541415,0.5421889,1.404772e-7,0.00001178184,0.4547971,0.0002205825,0.0003048548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008281047,0.0001887639,0.05998238,0.0001189854,0.00006405625,0.000005552103,0.06069818,0.0003425379,0.0008252662,0.5315246,0.344736,0.0006855409],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8197154,0.0002335572,0.00003382353,0.002995105,0.0005912886,0.0002220197,0.00001041453,0.0001662854,0.1760321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973805,0.00006905951,0.0003770971,0.0005725129,0.0001320246,0.000009094463,0.000003064894,0.00000864194,0.001448009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4814907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5272557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092059399","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00200.x","title":"A Primer on the Distinction between Justification and Excuse","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Compass","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Excuse; Skepticism; Epistemology; Philosophy; Internalism and externalism; Philosophy of science; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1607950486311471,"gpt":0.2790721068822202,"spread":0.1182770582510731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002307092,0.0001181246,0.0001156181,0.00005620638,0.0006025714,0.0001537899,0.0001179204,0.0000411947,0.00009715468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004549009,0.00008297262,0.00003725335,0.00003187737,0.0002156417,0.0001307364,0.00001073761,0.0002039849,0.0001439908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002231349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009487492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003412459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001279886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992356,0.00006801909,0.0001872697,0.0002100198,0.0001786991,0.0001203435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993036,0.0001807982,0.0001023532,0.0002769375,0.00009189452,0.00004439913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000176048,0.00005865914,0.00009818306,0.00001304045,0.00001130716,1.932333e-7,0.0059471,0.000001825891,0.0000691618,0.985096,0.00286019,0.005826697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004213185,0.0002581398,0.05926912,0.00008703719,0.0001514346,0.000001357089,0.001031063,0.0003413155,0.0005107382,0.6895861,0.2479356,0.0004067417],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3336536,0.0002401381,0.000777284,0.2347775,0.001093391,0.0009373091,0.0000863724,0.0004105023,0.4280239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964235,0.00001146031,0.00001754175,0.0008363044,0.002136602,0.00001482465,0.00004903805,0.000009184287,0.0005015846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6627699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4634553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791899003","doi":"10.5206/fpq/2018.1.1","title":"Kant on Sex. Reconsidered. -- A Kantian account of sexuality: sexual love, sexual identity, and sexual orientation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Feminist Philosophy Quarterly","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teleology; Human sexuality; Interpretation (philosophy); Identity (music); Philosophy; Sexual orientation; Epistemology; Natural (archaeology); Gender identity; Psychology; Psychoanalysis; Sociology; Social psychology; Gender studies; Aesthetics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0944090382240119,"gpt":0.3129037580471372,"spread":0.2184947198231252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007613745,0.0003936756,0.0004837475,0.0002775082,0.000534035,0.0004680145,0.0003002499,0.0002081745,0.0006048123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000676565,0.0003926559,0.00005275749,0.0001102275,0.00159325,0.0007942759,0.00004775003,0.0003624192,0.0004951296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005899272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001258657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008926509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002907327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970483,0.0001797991,0.0008698947,0.0008187063,0.0006696841,0.0004136802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979571,0.0002444969,0.0005218117,0.0007005238,0.0004070354,0.0001690214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003502484,0.0007728136,0.001680923,0.000734922,0.0002296983,0.00001734746,0.5248335,6.505229e-7,0.00191559,0.44966,0.007057842,0.01274646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005257389,0.03053186,0.007273159,0.0004774928,0.0008062061,0.0001373662,0.5226381,0.0005518635,0.002391896,0.3633543,0.06326968,0.003310687],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953938,0.00006820998,0.00008743704,0.002050276,0.001727128,0.0004613549,0.0005528022,0.0001260211,0.04098876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910248,0.000002459423,0.00009743901,0.0008471824,0.004176891,0.00001742118,0.0001608618,0.00005406181,0.003618895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08630574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975675069","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-6962.2009.tb00131.x","title":"On Cheering Charles Bronson: The Ethics of Vigilantism","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Southern Journal of Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Prudence; Parade; Relevance (law); Subject (documents); Law; Political science; Sociology; Criminology; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09622889416789544,"gpt":0.2767592872719903,"spread":0.1805303931040949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001194046,0.000105244,0.0001702708,0.00005614674,0.000388611,0.00006492668,0.0004097012,0.00006177279,0.0001421601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001287221,0.0000525168,0.0001587436,0.00002738391,0.0003431138,0.00008152817,0.00001224994,0.0008515961,0.00005077513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001218912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003302628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001351507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001224506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989275,0.0001648958,0.0003498425,0.00006660145,0.0003787726,0.000112395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987265,0.0003128373,0.0004768609,0.0002314696,0.0002213405,0.00003096893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007014439,0.0000503275,0.000002634045,0.00001919354,0.00003588609,0.000002386266,0.1610412,0.00006587176,0.0006704269,0.8367801,0.000219604,0.001042243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003302734,0.0003275366,0.00009788686,0.0003088836,0.00009654387,0.00002468731,0.01279788,0.00002897942,0.0009533406,0.9703205,0.01458959,0.0001239022],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5629746,0.004810172,0.0005943173,0.3170459,0.002097984,0.0003986305,0.0001156141,0.000064543,0.1118982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960421,0.0001043058,0.00002090889,0.001374034,0.002060564,4.422243e-7,8.158033e-7,0.00001178991,0.000384985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4330675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3699809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2497677087","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511840982.008","title":"Proportionality and Necessity","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Morality; Just war theory; Jus ad bellum; Genocide; Proportionality (law); Law; Political science; Spanish Civil War; War crime; Aggression; Law and economics; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; International law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07468437234956077,"gpt":0.209882885479958,"spread":0.1351985131303973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001040971,0.0002403264,0.0002661703,0.00009157083,0.0007272119,0.00007395889,0.000190318,0.0002393827,0.00004076693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009040705,0.0002675185,0.0001075931,0.000001343527,0.001187376,0.0001333098,0.0001383433,0.0004409171,0.00001969152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007897217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001047548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005165244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000572701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990072,0.00002859502,0.0001738022,0.000395547,0.0002391138,0.0001557359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990212,0.00004493209,0.0002344652,0.0003092159,0.0002801301,0.0001100158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003238439,0.000009172542,0.000003170702,0.0001168776,0.00005418606,0.0000476743,0.001708908,1.299632e-7,0.000002040447,0.9279673,0.06945328,0.0006049025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002052838,0.00001932153,0.00006367519,0.00006711976,0.0001268499,0.000009218933,0.0001860321,0.000008601693,0.00001853559,0.00009160279,0.9988958,0.0003080235],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005638509,0.0002242711,0.00002636772,0.00007451808,0.0002963612,0.0002626908,0.0004070453,0.0001250516,0.9980198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006491356,0.0002948426,0.00001745082,0.00008557585,0.0004701884,5.17507e-7,0.000142204,0.00002420316,0.9924737],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9294425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105452133","doi":"10.1111/0047-2786.00034","title":"<i>Jus Post Bellum</i>","year":2000,"lang":"he","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Social Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Jus ad bellum; Library science; Operations research; Computer science; Law; Political science; Engineering; International law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04518577336537249,"gpt":0.2599203451890852,"spread":0.2147345718237127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006667111,0.000267842,0.0005209019,0.0001642708,0.001400859,0.0003464031,0.0003812779,0.0002976536,0.01361889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005428908,0.000250225,0.0005627673,0.00008603909,0.0006861389,0.0005501584,0.00002302132,0.001060186,0.001181327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001114659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002373383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009223888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003743533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975735,0.0001856865,0.001021979,0.0001883789,0.0006925306,0.0003379063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978423,0.0001122007,0.0007923286,0.0001592598,0.0009242306,0.0001696404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009865307,0.001259254,0.0000494361,0.0004527298,0.0006612257,0.0001417575,0.2694412,0.00002013438,0.0004685621,0.5940514,0.105057,0.02741076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001154629,0.0005604635,0.000659473,0.0002015239,0.000446184,0.00003896435,0.005367317,0.000006166526,0.00004880512,0.1312915,0.8598081,0.0004168508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2114289,0.00511777,0.000005052194,0.1026215,0.004946996,0.0002700288,0.0003629551,0.00003694699,0.6752099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9478244,0.0008501609,0.00002573411,0.002974462,0.03552938,0.000001016916,0.00001719754,0.00004721903,0.01273045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7547511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605535263","doi":"10.1017/s1369415415000321","title":"The Public Form of Law: Kant on the Second-Personal Constitution of Freedom","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kantian Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Constitution; Interpretation (philosophy); Law; Norm (philosophy); Law and economics; Political science; Philosophy; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1033190840954733,"gpt":0.2723169601203246,"spread":0.1689978760248513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008679405,0.00007888809,0.0001735021,0.00001725643,0.0003281669,0.00003581648,0.0001975497,0.00002733351,0.00219076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001583791,0.00003108253,0.0001146344,0.00002181765,0.001233454,0.0001199615,0.00001697533,0.00008391507,0.0001098551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001170116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006348592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004269261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001417935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991878,0.00008712025,0.0003255185,0.00009883556,0.0001828118,0.000117944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989276,0.0003227783,0.0002460179,0.0002801418,0.0002008083,0.00002266817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002851193,0.00001825937,0.000006156934,0.000547533,0.00002198891,1.282676e-7,0.001187633,4.378477e-9,0.00007701413,0.9777495,0.01215699,0.008232001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008483631,0.00003046395,0.0000300635,0.001745525,0.00003474795,0.000001650283,0.0002558645,0.000002967328,0.0002297099,0.004927137,0.9926026,0.00005438546],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009480112,0.1405191,0.0001351412,0.1268738,0.002281044,0.001677006,0.0004717344,0.0000678341,0.7184942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805281,0.01448834,0.000006289537,0.001000294,0.0001885923,0.00001932543,0.000006096156,0.000005502684,0.003757501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9804457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054172929","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5930.2006.00342.x","title":"Iraq: A Morally Justified Resort to War","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Legitimacy; Argument (complex analysis); Just war theory; Morality; Law; Spanish Civil War; Proportionality (law); Context (archaeology); Law and economics; Political science; Sociology; History; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04779983566186594,"gpt":0.2400857679150213,"spread":0.1922859322531553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004121861,0.0001599346,0.0002807037,0.000250058,0.000256529,0.0001058556,0.0002754047,0.00007814438,0.0002581276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000191438,0.0001354299,0.0001318273,0.00006531717,0.0001401387,0.0001517549,0.00002782809,0.000354332,0.0002163365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004902749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006359741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004178259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005829344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985391,0.00001805586,0.0006334787,0.0001636658,0.0004425937,0.0002031042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988972,0.00005683767,0.0003746258,0.0002198649,0.0003372268,0.0001142771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003020102,0.0001647169,0.00001340866,0.00005243772,0.00003608875,0.00001567364,0.01042362,0.0003883643,0.002455141,0.938116,0.04726228,0.0007703177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007425136,0.0001878609,0.0003364363,0.00006764113,0.0001174731,0.00001264669,0.001378416,0.00001834364,0.001124685,0.4715263,0.5241811,0.0003066229],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1183217,0.0002335499,0.0002258787,0.01325706,0.001399223,0.0003300131,0.00003518367,0.00006819843,0.8661292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888861,0.0000105203,0.0007334043,0.001348878,0.007700006,0.000007131352,0.00001122803,0.00002887033,0.001273898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8705643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5522672,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W620756391","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511976780","title":"Accountability for Collective Wrongdoing","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Wrongdoing; Accountability; Collective responsibility; Punishment (psychology); Doctrine; Politics; Political science; Law and economics; Liability; Political philosophy; Moral responsibility; Law; Sociology; Social psychology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1013759105406352,"gpt":0.2320940171347397,"spread":0.1307181065941045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000237672,0.0003096199,0.0003836926,0.0001526968,0.0008892165,0.0001237999,0.0004348258,0.0003495698,0.00003775936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003401241,0.0003629827,0.0002619537,0.000004228542,0.0007467213,0.0001757173,0.0001336924,0.0004592694,0.00002035546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006864262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007258845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007048816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002300833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987214,0.00006270186,0.0002105471,0.000534221,0.0001813601,0.000289829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982119,0.0002442771,0.0002858316,0.0004767637,0.0006868112,0.00009443043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001445023,0.00001992542,5.165485e-7,0.0002647848,0.0001000336,0.000003292566,0.009722911,2.096658e-7,0.000003264894,0.7108955,0.2786143,0.0002307989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004610661,0.00006284356,0.000005333099,0.0001042718,0.0003460404,9.002242e-7,0.001662697,0.00001877848,0.0001076793,0.0002771465,0.9965422,0.0004110289],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009799415,0.000065363,0.0003551115,0.00001140207,0.0009721902,0.001045007,0.001376925,0.0001668399,0.9959092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00096621,0.00001306963,0.00005296279,0.00006349497,0.0008769169,0.000008225122,0.0002377195,0.00004845426,0.9977329],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7179279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123860332","doi":"10.1093/jogss/ogy039","title":"Norm Robustness and Contestation in International Law: Self-Defense against Nonstate Actors","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Global Security Studies","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of legality; Norm (philosophy); International law; Political science; Law; Robustness (evolution); Law and economics; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04764926752014421,"gpt":0.3082050699688694,"spread":0.2605558024487252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004548943,0.0001107768,0.0002177932,0.00005686731,0.0002306565,0.0001179632,0.0001055886,0.00003867795,0.00001696284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001925901,0.00009049154,0.00004757718,0.0000383275,0.0005099888,0.0004704976,0.00004569131,0.0001655593,0.000004491688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001803911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003839388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000172494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01276092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990445,0.00005654492,0.0004126725,0.0001090316,0.0002452028,0.0001320719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984199,0.0001027567,0.0003229039,0.00005654616,0.001051712,0.00004619283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004195439,0.0004922868,0.017514,0.0001797513,0.0007247134,0.00006792284,0.4576377,0.00004099339,0.00002364678,0.5092262,0.009194967,0.004478279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006518268,0.001312607,0.02672406,0.001255776,0.0003631784,0.0001554186,0.4719678,0.002533608,0.0001311788,0.1098028,0.3781154,0.001119878],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743415,0.001030063,0.00002339573,0.0025523,0.001845296,0.00008270265,0.00004581442,0.00001959679,0.02005934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976867,0.0009773546,0.0001023049,0.0003136347,0.0008585968,0.000001391561,0.000002994473,0.000004576882,0.00005248368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3994234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7120891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972534553","doi":"10.1017/s0008423900000184","title":"Michael Walzer on Resorting to Force","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Political Science","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Jus ad bellum; Morality; Economic Justice; Politics; Relevance (law); Philosophy; Just war theory; Political science; Law and economics; Law; Sociology; Spanish Civil War","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05837130744990473,"gpt":0.2807145295333542,"spread":0.2223432220834494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007351681,0.00006004297,0.00008776091,0.0002140688,0.0005866396,0.0002388149,0.0003238144,0.00002393255,0.002178092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006012707,0.00004888648,0.00003935159,0.00008291351,0.0008246851,0.0002226284,0.000004262283,0.0001913838,0.00023789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002239317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000968156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02116385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05859224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987211,0.00001898908,0.0002437237,0.0001148304,0.0002699636,0.0006313981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980326,0.00006374066,0.000043137,0.0001140367,0.000248471,0.001497989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003517079,0.000004634501,0.00006133925,0.000002433331,0.000001174395,0.00001174333,0.007317318,0.00001704809,0.00007806301,0.9876337,0.001642169,0.003226834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004089671,0.0007549836,0.04492644,0.0003682165,0.00004079115,0.0001166937,0.0139305,0.0003072055,0.002568413,0.08525763,0.8507222,0.0005979339],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8085296,0.00002170753,0.00001857551,0.01490842,0.0005435496,0.00005055269,0.00001324371,0.000005280495,0.1759091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857686,4.492133e-7,0.00007803717,0.004659227,0.000784717,4.90686e-7,2.321505e-7,0.000004780492,0.008703524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9023761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296353112","doi":"10.1017/s1369415422000334","title":"White Progress: Kant, Race and Teleology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kantian Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Teleology; Humanity; Epistemology; Race (biology); Philosophy; Judgement; Relation (database); Political philosophy; Politics; Cosmopolitanism; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Law; Political science; Gender studies; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05015140600811484,"gpt":0.2781259496271948,"spread":0.2279745436190799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004791206,0.00009140056,0.0002260935,0.00003885694,0.0005160238,0.00004806769,0.0001288706,0.0000181009,0.005929347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000290417,0.00008008784,0.0000487714,0.00003977838,0.0002604848,0.00007955566,0.00008149064,0.0002087276,0.0001015713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001016618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002864855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001707858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007798159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991453,0.0001542716,0.0002206077,0.0002018217,0.0001288458,0.0001491566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995543,0.00002871187,0.0001166526,0.0002091096,0.00005346238,0.00003776128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001236133,0.0001362678,0.003711904,0.006720861,0.00006744997,0.00002569514,0.02658917,6.770028e-7,0.000004798192,0.5738166,0.2490946,0.1398196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007549956,0.00003599398,0.0005402553,0.0002330523,0.00007446825,0.00002308928,0.0007007096,0.000009042024,0.000001124409,0.0007198234,0.997477,0.0001099601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005096409,0.8921335,0.00001401397,0.04789311,0.001115997,0.0009477509,0.00006492515,0.0001610983,0.05257313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6414608,0.256355,0.0005610895,0.02084016,0.001589746,0.0007087254,0.0003089102,0.0000959847,0.07807968],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7483824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205910227","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197604205.001.0001","title":"Kant and the Law of War","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Law of war; Political science; Philosophy; International law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05439737259149044,"gpt":0.2256311653728408,"spread":0.1712337927813504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001902496,0.00007758824,0.0001775036,0.00001524812,0.0001508419,0.00004761675,0.00006993891,0.00007910726,0.002205307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001304418,0.00004402035,0.00005865763,0.000002241591,0.00102809,0.00002876373,0.00003007826,0.0001697973,0.00002458175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006942894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006823993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004817527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004327092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995491,0.00002562017,0.0001595983,0.0001049016,0.0001090655,0.00005171621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994282,0.0001603011,0.00008449054,0.0001839544,0.0001307308,0.00001229936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004551063,0.000004355147,3.992264e-8,0.0001052476,0.00002658575,3.893494e-7,0.02516697,4.688052e-8,7.599336e-7,0.9100736,0.06442024,0.0001971845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001353448,0.000006249885,3.802913e-7,0.00005597854,0.00006183093,5.882179e-7,0.003206062,0.000004983633,0.00002023195,0.08372104,0.9127272,0.00006007707],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008693201,0.00266302,0.000005023383,0.001233303,0.000323389,0.00009297627,0.00002788919,0.00001398757,0.9956317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002724031,0.0005445756,0.0000116954,0.0006005656,0.0006338844,0.000003805823,0.00006382243,0.00001023622,0.9954074],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.848307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321487644","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190884147.001.0001","title":"The Rules of Rescue","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sacrifice; Harm; Autonomy; Internet privacy; Morality; Environmental ethics; Public relations; Law and economics; Business; Sociology; Social psychology; Psychology; Law; Political science; Computer science; History; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1115357673966264,"gpt":0.2657177268360417,"spread":0.1541819594394153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002756923,0.00008545256,0.0001211076,0.00004162271,0.0003070981,0.00008688816,0.0001860745,0.0001014266,0.0008767667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000498581,0.0000507369,0.00008034825,0.000003303396,0.0004488284,0.00002642258,0.00003115969,0.0002005276,0.001086341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001669981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000123136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002146629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006820535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994082,0.00001728483,0.000212967,0.0001057871,0.0001691485,0.00008664802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991647,0.0003036381,0.00008796873,0.0002724651,0.0001575668,0.00001365452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001640171,0.000001813193,3.956524e-8,0.00004543363,0.0000157022,1.608505e-7,0.004430476,1.570979e-7,3.771619e-7,0.632872,0.3616415,0.0009906889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001961624,0.000008583695,0.000003933086,0.0000466686,0.000020869,6.186131e-8,0.001224423,0.000004311,0.000005336033,0.1857763,0.812832,0.00005790993],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009749323,0.0003422599,0.000002703241,0.0008711773,0.001087388,0.00009634649,0.0000808172,0.00007942972,0.9974301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001236703,0.0004217946,0.000005578569,0.00005849802,0.001294207,0.000007020445,0.0001162448,0.00002437442,0.9979486],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4511905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126600842","doi":"10.1163/17455243-46810044","title":"Self-Defence Against Multiple Threats","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Moral Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Defeasible estate; Liability; Law and economics; Computer security; Law; Business; Political science; Computer science; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2259896611266437,"gpt":0.2871612757207703,"spread":0.06117161459412654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004626692,0.0001157775,0.0002049977,0.0001140185,0.0001531466,0.0001153366,0.0002241757,0.0000550674,0.0000456426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000111981,0.00009014591,0.0001205503,0.00003166493,0.0001518781,0.0005039424,0.0000243993,0.0003176154,0.0001206235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005588417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009825745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001340588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002426933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989193,0.0000529735,0.0003915167,0.000101744,0.0003922436,0.0001421969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986093,0.0000593673,0.0003637699,0.000156013,0.0006456284,0.0001659383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004587158,0.001057,0.004312877,0.0002199729,0.0002739249,0.0001678628,0.1347804,0.000469231,0.0003064844,0.8031555,0.04914869,0.005649381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002633712,0.0007462361,0.0004826891,0.0002054565,0.0001515189,0.00005644471,0.005256648,0.0008805237,0.0004080389,0.7205399,0.2681387,0.0005001071],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4445028,0.004294581,0.0001351781,0.02640373,0.007193328,0.0003612554,0.00004882045,0.0002000872,0.5168602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935085,0.00007262743,0.000734588,0.0006409831,0.004461589,0.000001223726,0.000004189209,0.00001571507,0.0005605815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5490057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3676044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3018996643","doi":"10.5040/9781474258739","title":"War and Peace in the Western Political Imagination","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Bloomsbury Publishing Plc eBooks","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Cambridge; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen; Johns Hopkins University; Truman State University; University of Oxford; Harvard University; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University","keywords":"Militarism; Ethos; Erasmus+; Politics; Peace economics; Classics; Just war theory; Empire; History; Literature; Peace and conflict studies; Spanish Civil War; Political science; Law; Art; Ancient history; The Renaissance; Art history","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05228436247848844,"gpt":0.2552690636299658,"spread":0.2029847011514773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001409846,0.0003251836,0.0003127847,0.000307061,0.0003745586,0.002848237,0.0006083715,0.0002681503,0.00009251184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003098278,0.0002231563,0.00008833953,0.00001055353,0.0007841218,0.001174332,0.0001194807,0.001136439,0.00005889741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001494826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003005516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003299552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00136687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978112,0.0001916317,0.0004613492,0.0004907884,0.0005677202,0.0004773243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982826,0.000611784,0.0002258466,0.0005061699,0.0002683777,0.0001052983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007338957,0.00002115565,0.00003123917,0.0001418147,0.00001867916,0.00001494483,0.02324149,2.324552e-8,0.000002364595,0.7992008,0.172716,0.004604084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003404201,0.00002592136,0.00009550213,0.000315897,0.00006745469,0.00001968398,0.00155208,0.000004179219,0.000004188129,0.07050268,0.9267704,0.0003016364],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003076568,0.00141187,0.00001716811,0.01336744,0.0008045993,0.0004299825,0.0001311268,0.0001224284,0.9834077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02191211,0.00006985025,0.00001624657,0.00304702,0.003869402,0.00005822903,0.0002026293,0.00007225555,0.9707522],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7540543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1487580216","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01432.x","title":"Collective Responsibility for Unjust Wars","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Politics","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Democracy; Terminology; Law and economics; State (computer science); Political science; Collective responsibility; Sociology; Law; Epistemology; Philosophy; Politics; Computer science; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1684986408012151,"gpt":0.3292059928777348,"spread":0.1607073520765197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004145474,0.00007595859,0.00009629875,0.00004711924,0.0004375433,0.00005158319,0.00006691364,0.00005212197,0.0002399124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004658443,0.00007086273,0.00005364467,0.00001764059,0.000245712,0.0001413338,0.00001359603,0.00009217316,0.00008380107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001629474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001714487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001550907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001736748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992812,0.00004924933,0.000153291,0.0001060373,0.00009235174,0.0003178621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990426,0.0003996386,0.00004687357,0.0001856377,0.0002357984,0.00008950292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001843827,0.00007074262,0.000343923,0.00004146386,0.00001090231,4.253893e-8,0.07917452,3.647547e-7,0.00001721267,0.9128659,0.007363404,0.00009311079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002485844,0.0000582502,0.002453042,0.000009223416,0.00005935624,8.107029e-7,0.0109927,0.00007363116,0.001013769,0.1312312,0.8536909,0.0001685715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3820696,0.0004884829,0.001018964,0.00363372,0.004735627,0.001103768,0.0009435467,0.0002563066,0.60575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9175672,0.000002191025,0.0002706772,0.0004875181,0.001879894,0.00003293376,0.00002778864,0.00001386237,0.07971795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8463274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3365273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046043772","doi":"10.1111/1468-5930.00170","title":"Good Soldiers, A Traditional Approach","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Cruelty; Courage; Virtue; Moral courage; Law; Harm; Dimension (graph theory); Psychology; Battlefield; Sociology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Philosophy; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1280809853598076,"gpt":0.2364397842064269,"spread":0.1083587988466194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003436615,0.0001242755,0.0002140834,0.0001552275,0.0002681564,0.00009693393,0.0001973824,0.00006792776,0.0005533053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009498955,0.0001039761,0.0001417671,0.00004306527,0.0002246856,0.0002056313,0.00001044609,0.0003361481,0.00004975351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003824213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005823348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002658832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002864201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989063,0.00001745455,0.0004181269,0.000121802,0.0003856904,0.000150647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991955,0.00005983662,0.0003465895,0.0001249457,0.0001757321,0.00009742672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001337857,0.0002668914,0.000007114157,0.0000279805,0.00006803858,0.000006191184,0.01016125,0.00006405448,0.0001195983,0.9803422,0.008047889,0.0007550059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008054205,0.0001154591,0.0000805349,0.00002399513,0.00008019388,0.00006890304,0.002101511,0.00006851152,0.00006033689,0.6849216,0.3114886,0.0001849291],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01208883,0.0001648763,0.0004422446,0.00353321,0.0006409549,0.0001154448,0.00002009493,0.00002640212,0.982968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902976,0.00005380372,0.0008240241,0.0006956811,0.007547161,0.000006273333,0.00002049015,0.00001850097,0.0005364983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9824315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6058306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789692057","doi":"10.1080/00455091.2017.1415105","title":"Integration and authority: rescuing the ‘one thought too many’ problem","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Morality; Epistemology; Philosophy; Environmental ethics; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09115655659884588,"gpt":0.2551344071805182,"spread":0.1639778505816724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006215857,0.00008154727,0.0001175567,0.0001548348,0.0007591739,0.0002917108,0.0001584095,0.00005057092,0.0002090176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000970514,0.00005725715,0.00004696141,0.00004075537,0.0005754277,0.0003018628,0.000006794308,0.0003133951,0.00001888767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005357293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002354532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001994125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05026323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992976,0.00006781996,0.0002632572,0.00008893511,0.0001336861,0.0001486981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990274,0.00004544934,0.0001745974,0.00012436,0.0004436214,0.0001845867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008995282,0.000005708398,0.00004147656,0.00001656931,0.0000232608,0.000004716823,0.03933311,3.750784e-7,0.0001047333,0.9499074,0.005898484,0.004655226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002263924,0.0002392388,0.0006134595,0.0002209257,0.00008628336,0.00003874526,0.0041433,0.00006583841,0.0002526149,0.4951556,0.4987974,0.0001601722],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1396135,0.004002539,0.001345551,0.2341848,0.005702675,0.000657918,0.00009955325,0.00004721709,0.6143463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914235,0.00002048778,0.0002985982,0.0008048332,0.00588844,0.000001612208,0.000002951129,0.0000115126,0.001548064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.967067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154724959","doi":"10.1017/s0953820808003257","title":"Defending Limits on the Sacrifices We Ought To Make For Others","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Utilitas","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Duty; Value (mathematics); Obligation; Moral obligation; Law and economics; Position (finance); Set (abstract data type); Space (punctuation); Law; Sociology; Political science; Business; Philosophy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2500669595433369,"gpt":0.3000361040026983,"spread":0.0499691444593614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002680981,0.00009731681,0.00009003233,0.00005237641,0.0008006372,0.00006897018,0.0001572949,0.00003870337,0.0005290687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001573773,0.0000659178,0.00007162086,0.00002510248,0.0001589646,0.00005695891,0.000009088206,0.0001013435,0.0003268249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002129869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001892567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006719049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007374126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993065,0.00003410461,0.0001430362,0.0001864473,0.000139605,0.0001903133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991759,0.0004245733,0.00003998462,0.0002438055,0.00007268575,0.00004303256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055537,0.00004512331,0.0000340458,0.00003504542,0.00002400366,8.101053e-7,0.1524853,0.00001031435,0.00009651676,0.7407595,0.1020296,0.004429254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008816164,0.00007295694,0.0001644587,0.00003092592,0.00001395958,7.209334e-7,0.01868663,0.00005436676,0.000575426,0.004440062,0.975772,0.0001003692],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4452812,0.001833439,0.0004194087,0.05482495,0.003411782,0.001700143,0.0003678244,0.0003300521,0.4918312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698548,0.00004444184,0.0001178691,0.001835687,0.000695668,0.00007285373,0.00001073269,0.00001883314,0.02734905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8737424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6157935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122345563","doi":"10.1080/00131857.2020.1861937","title":"Philosophy of education in a new key: On radicalization and violent extremism","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Philosophy and Theory","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The King's University","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Radicalization; Scholarship; Philosophy of education; Epistemology; Sociology; Politics; Terrorism; Political science; Law; Criminology; Higher education; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04290309693326988,"gpt":0.2687887727367452,"spread":0.2258856758034753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000243204,0.0001138424,0.0001355047,0.0001504664,0.0001439091,0.00004490848,0.00005677763,0.00006442359,0.0006288634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001687041,0.0001135827,0.00003236527,0.00005868021,0.0002735616,0.0001562948,0.00001808029,0.0001407076,0.00001241822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002871038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006896803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004054889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002840526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991239,0.0001216431,0.0002571276,0.0002531786,0.0001546189,0.00008949789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992381,0.0002742315,0.0001068006,0.0001567289,0.0001428912,0.0000812806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004562075,0.0003794343,0.0003051391,0.00009962887,0.00001299928,2.464005e-7,0.01309061,0.000003172489,0.00008138184,0.9782549,0.000678142,0.007048733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002594805,0.00003129703,0.002941817,0.0002450191,0.00001877416,0.000003380889,0.001322033,0.00001110723,0.00013099,0.9828578,0.01205991,0.0001183983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2859557,0.01359415,0.000213955,0.08227023,0.002923835,0.0005573695,0.00008866055,0.00005039379,0.6143457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923692,0.0003030808,0.0001128474,0.001226143,0.001968652,0.00001361928,0.0001827197,0.00001280047,0.003810922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7064135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6885613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023215759","doi":"10.1111/japp.12434","title":"Poverty and the Peril of Particulars","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Appeal; Poverty; Duty; Argumentative; Odds; Political science; Law; Sociology; Face (sociological concept); Duty to protect; Law and economics; Social science; Computer science; Logistic regression","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05908765488951209,"gpt":0.2195284486806416,"spread":0.1604407937911295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000254986,0.00006199189,0.0001878804,0.00002208364,0.0001059889,0.00004197162,0.0001047592,0.00002544769,0.0001527342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000317056,0.00003584219,0.00007596709,0.00001983631,0.0003625748,0.0000696166,0.00001832222,0.0001842956,0.000006813343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004262567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002091828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003186165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000164726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993705,0.00002126519,0.0003011457,0.00005846208,0.0001898576,0.00005874657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993913,0.00007835855,0.0002907813,0.00007212412,0.0001150301,0.00005242936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004022359,0.00002242313,0.00000815865,0.00005050806,0.00005147477,0.000001067513,0.05040066,0.00002155562,0.0003658555,0.9460332,0.002277083,0.0003657863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003398726,0.0002329616,0.000153652,0.00005139456,0.0002971277,0.00000968571,0.009213239,0.0003665278,0.001961062,0.7442195,0.2399038,0.0001923223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2461066,0.001983362,0.0001757967,0.2110141,0.0008323502,0.0004905575,0.00003280418,0.00003130241,0.5393332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951033,0.00005963233,0.00005832673,0.003545328,0.001205451,0.000001328583,7.06768e-7,0.000006611468,0.00001930833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7489967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1672333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974766183","doi":"10.1111/1521-9488.t01-1-00261","title":"Justice and Moral Regeneration: Lessons from the Treaty of Versailles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Studies Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Treaty; Economic Justice; Retributive justice; Law; Sociology; Political science; Law and economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.418765020723372,"gpt":0.3814613872524629,"spread":0.03730363347090909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337188,0.00007152011,0.0001531458,0.00001169632,0.0002331496,0.00003348555,0.0001167932,0.00001345642,0.001147813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002442905,0.00004473185,0.00004634781,0.00001537488,0.000266766,0.00009114425,0.00003981318,0.00006086734,0.00004002547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001852114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003813588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001591365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006845183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994132,0.00004432058,0.0002184839,0.0001147415,0.0001598382,0.00004944201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992366,0.0002590316,0.0001177403,0.0001073574,0.000267599,0.00001163052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000602921,0.00005852153,0.000118575,0.0006401121,0.000411828,0.000001409066,0.02708797,0.000003852913,0.00000975272,0.5585988,0.3331532,0.07990994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000135525,0.00001479842,0.0004035807,0.0006844024,0.0003599114,0.000001238421,0.003457299,0.00009935405,0.00002143385,0.001940135,0.9928038,0.00007857069],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001969515,0.8421463,0.00001466326,0.1024319,0.001208914,0.0001903098,0.0001609712,0.00002054549,0.05185688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2236409,0.7668083,0.00007291685,0.002121222,0.001156453,0.00003150658,0.00003869949,0.000006611601,0.006123418],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6596505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163695488","doi":"10.1017/s0012217300002031","title":"Guerre et paix selon Leibniz","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialogue","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Coercion (linguistics); Monopoly; Political science; Balance (ability); Law; Politics; Law and economics; Use of force; Order (exchange); International law; Philosophy; Sociology; Economics; Psychology; Market economy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0759315181641709,"gpt":0.285782468978833,"spread":0.2098509508146621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006810634,0.00008811444,0.00009528427,0.00006548822,0.0002637165,0.00009129175,0.00009953461,0.00007117214,0.0004991014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007446815,0.00007982845,0.00004949942,0.00002361673,0.0001453794,0.000140622,0.00001596283,0.0001761019,0.0005369834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001624297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002248848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007949682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993166,0.00003673517,0.0001730993,0.0001508592,0.0001312696,0.0001914811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994965,0.000127196,0.00005533133,0.000174941,0.00009595932,0.00005009945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001601126,0.00007014062,0.0003780597,0.00002807894,0.00001464753,0.000006645148,0.08564309,0.000003210641,0.0002572493,0.8834849,0.01783486,0.01226312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001712179,0.00003303857,0.003392115,0.00001596076,0.00001625479,0.000001261228,0.005415285,0.00001354879,0.0005112518,0.01256187,0.9776971,0.0001711125],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1285298,0.0002351859,0.0010608,0.002389762,0.00328027,0.0002304916,0.00008867592,0.000299596,0.8638855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894324,0.00001877622,0.00006370521,0.001374286,0.001376958,0.00000490512,0.0002364885,0.0000154588,0.007477024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9598622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6902015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028322539","doi":"10.7202/004963ar","title":"Le rasoir de Kant","year":2002,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophiques","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy; Ethnology; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3994685173109455,"gpt":0.3297551431391966,"spread":0.06971337417174883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003254836,0.0002126057,0.0002193293,0.00009053289,0.0007306571,0.0002361186,0.0002108716,0.0002022362,0.003031192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009938307,0.0002342075,0.0001352045,0.00002346145,0.0008358909,0.0003919577,0.00003855615,0.0004087306,0.001310583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009145646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006459056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001806412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003514826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986403,0.0001628802,0.0003236195,0.000295056,0.0001855519,0.0003926113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990941,0.0001329798,0.0001237297,0.0003318138,0.0001814149,0.000135912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006593273,0.0002787206,0.00002645915,0.00016961,0.00003868927,0.000012956,0.02744875,0.000007762233,0.00006190701,0.898642,0.07140531,0.001901225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001515215,0.00006056364,0.00004358872,0.0001108039,0.00004932567,0.000008135784,0.0004314888,0.000653075,0.0003206163,0.3237987,0.6741511,0.0002211858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003373784,0.06086683,0.0001250282,0.3375047,0.001475867,0.0001906635,0.00009580543,0.000212326,0.596155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9220299,0.007401901,0.0003020854,0.005514154,0.01517963,0.00002699476,0.00002299804,0.00005121901,0.0494711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9186561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2237474963","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-2224-7_1","title":"Natural Law and Global Ethics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Philosophical studies in contemporary culture","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Natural (archaeology); Law; Natural law; Political science; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; History; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3310961183697712,"gpt":0.364245083401986,"spread":0.03314896503221482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003886168,0.0005839635,0.0008095705,0.00004852278,0.0007127194,0.0001389818,0.0002652905,0.0009038026,0.0001068414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002132477,0.0004523439,0.0001778195,0.00001888404,0.003752289,0.0002555442,0.0002448568,0.003102873,0.00005647375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002595138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001364264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001995751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002530795,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978282,0.00006568676,0.0006318913,0.0006916157,0.0005241315,0.0002584003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986181,0.0002286577,0.000266624,0.000310711,0.0004742432,0.0001016963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005763903,0.00003055792,0.000004209278,0.000483759,0.0002304767,0.00008656786,0.03262034,5.176925e-7,4.874328e-7,0.9612005,0.00521359,0.00007136489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003382097,0.00005451223,0.000001936462,0.0006001862,0.00004184659,0.000005809997,0.0009495995,6.151266e-7,3.67416e-7,0.5840334,0.4136424,0.0003310844],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001415778,0.08438392,4.948508e-7,0.04337029,0.001768842,0.0004124638,0.0002773904,0.0001196095,0.8696528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8781743,0.004650178,0.00003944629,0.01098038,0.004870022,0.00003109499,0.0002470428,0.00005845449,0.1009491],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8781602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1544812210","doi":"","title":"Violence in the Name of Honor: Theoretical and Political Challenges","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian women's studies","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Honor; Politics; Criminology; Political science; Sociology; Law; Internet privacy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0386205161588479,"gpt":0.2520400229157695,"spread":0.2134195067569216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003130636,0.00008078803,0.0001455544,0.00008163301,0.0001877593,0.00002889762,0.0000948858,0.00003252663,0.00007228072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009837752,0.00005642443,0.00001623499,0.00001829536,0.001704935,0.00004096644,0.00001385312,0.0001080753,0.00000751115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008527728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005891812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003577295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1385316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992576,0.00005947799,0.0001483794,0.0001269446,0.0000917395,0.0003158696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994707,0.0002433299,0.00002401522,0.0001189225,0.00007705842,0.00006596964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002177037,0.00001159248,0.0002166573,0.00005025371,0.000009562354,0.000003170557,0.06773841,1.927829e-7,6.307314e-7,0.9314885,0.0001144326,0.0003644541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009519952,0.00004569495,0.002509559,0.00006077903,0.000009375002,0.000001496326,0.3198948,0.000004914666,0.000004626009,0.6688072,0.008478792,0.00008760742],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9033351,0.004339677,3.187119e-7,0.009999348,0.0001416213,0.000121232,0.00004015088,0.00001018901,0.08201239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984647,0.0005874907,0.000003813704,0.0005240021,0.0002323579,0.00003163243,0.000001838605,0.000005243965,0.000148907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2626813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.877188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385263311","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.1419","title":"The Right to Civil Disobedience","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Civil disobedience; Punishment (psychology); Deterrence (psychology); Law; Civil law (Civil law); Civil rights; Political science; Deterrence theory; Psychology; Social psychology; Commercial law; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03649643358988594,"gpt":0.2461097053115091,"spread":0.2096132717216231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007848904,0.0001018227,0.00009319477,0.00002591577,0.003047924,0.0007164691,0.0002663466,0.00003564407,0.001547988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000123853,0.00006260732,0.00007069197,0.00002465774,0.0002706278,0.0002334425,0.00001654265,0.000362757,0.0003718153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003338945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000376751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009513411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2079757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989623,0.0001054596,0.0002437657,0.0001298807,0.0002765007,0.0002821111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992276,0.0001299852,0.000102523,0.0002035505,0.0001911189,0.0001452545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005944938,0.00002520146,0.00001313995,0.000003452732,0.00001019261,0.00000448225,0.007398569,0.000009677313,0.00004562625,0.9819774,0.009845445,0.0006608363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009974099,0.0000354542,0.00002869676,0.00002117315,0.00001311972,0.00003515676,0.001886026,0.000008796154,0.0002386677,0.1841157,0.8134182,0.00009925598],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007595671,0.0004373414,0.0004202784,0.003857145,0.001908436,0.00007800514,0.000005514641,0.00002581491,0.9925079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837969,0.0001114216,0.0001287937,0.0007886607,0.0009877399,0.000006600001,0.000001096313,0.00001311318,0.01416567],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9830374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389199525","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001247","title":"“Filling the Ranks”: Moral Risk and the Ethics of Military Recruitment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Political Science Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Warwick; Newcastle University; British Academy; University of Cambridge; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Government of the United Kingdom; UK Research and Innovation; London School of Economics and Political Science","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); State (computer science); Political science; Law and economics; Public relations; Law; Sociology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2296922934626063,"gpt":0.3879726733954658,"spread":0.1582803799328595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006855327,0.00008555368,0.000254194,0.00003511415,0.0008725033,0.00003247358,0.0003504031,0.00001518519,0.00006528706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002873229,0.00003953016,0.00008005396,0.0003131058,0.01794045,0.00009418629,0.00009203864,0.0003711724,0.00004521966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002874406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001520661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006125318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002149918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981942,0.0004317012,0.0003070975,0.0002008437,0.0004565324,0.0004096496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997439,0.001831861,0.0001123739,0.0003319395,0.0001712385,0.0001135712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002830782,0.000006571016,0.00003801945,0.0002149135,0.000004878261,1.911138e-7,0.007935109,9.016309e-7,0.000001505167,0.9647092,0.00046037,0.02662549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004317151,0.0001989716,0.005067299,0.002130446,0.0005032601,0.000007986089,0.04459844,0.002391213,0.00005131683,0.2432478,0.7009487,0.0004228698],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05412195,0.1550165,0.0001981233,0.7225091,0.00127118,0.004299579,0.000196583,0.0002550547,0.06213192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8633456,0.1289625,0.00006550509,0.007110229,0.0001741874,0.0000700567,0.000002757582,0.000006125772,0.0002630862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8092236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9847322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2365629284","doi":"10.1080/15027570.2016.1170370","title":"A Critique of the Right Intention Condition as an Element of<i>Jus ad Bellum</i>","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Military Ethics","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Women's and Gender Studies et Recherches Féministes","funders":"","keywords":"Jus ad bellum; Element (criminal law); Nothing; Just war theory; Law; Economic Justice; The Venerable; Political science; Philosophy; Spanish Civil War; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05422462138133789,"gpt":0.3125088761677942,"spread":0.2582842547864563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002289038,0.00009455904,0.0002021447,0.00009113323,0.0002093245,0.000007076143,0.0002332192,0.0001444901,0.0006275802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006156647,0.00005153387,0.00019222,0.00002775319,0.0006430976,0.0004092562,0.00002262396,0.0005924033,0.000006402545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000482216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002097129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002935837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002739174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981709,0.0004057953,0.0007234529,0.0000949512,0.0004980161,0.000106885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973014,0.0004306708,0.0004791487,0.0002247525,0.001513151,0.00005085616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004805863,0.000925049,0.0004001619,0.0008385948,0.0002334555,0.000009977009,0.2183023,0.00002328927,0.0478085,0.7112733,0.01537395,0.004330792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002341642,0.002670217,0.004940632,0.003269558,0.0005839765,0.00008395201,0.0504369,0.00007567907,0.07432517,0.5758129,0.2850226,0.0004368293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434253,0.002907209,0.001538457,0.04469726,0.002519542,0.0003126241,0.0001960097,0.00001499325,0.004388616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961998,0.001277595,0.000129891,0.0008076943,0.0003096341,0.000001864604,0.000007412925,0.000009704677,0.001256425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2696486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6871563,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509167444","doi":"10.1111/japp.12238","title":"Reclaiming Proportionality (Society for Applied Philosophy Annual Lecture 2016)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Wrongdoing; Consequentialism; Morality; Law; Law and economics; Sociology; Epistemology; Political science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05799821567031576,"gpt":0.2582990294060854,"spread":0.2003008137357696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007928169,0.0002768024,0.0004417132,0.0001251663,0.000635877,0.00009006856,0.000332371,0.0002006776,0.0003027826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004974585,0.0001811269,0.0005007989,0.00005851907,0.0004736706,0.0003230438,0.00003722503,0.0003950114,0.00004644963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001205517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001967529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002611242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004100958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978966,0.00002059747,0.000890481,0.0003179699,0.0005636771,0.0003107003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997511,0.0002564395,0.001030553,0.0002810703,0.0007684875,0.0001524917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006667349,0.0002034015,0.000007163223,0.0001936421,0.0002427344,0.000001183874,0.01156814,0.00001740912,0.003852181,0.9512458,0.02505707,0.006944517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001283577,0.0001304226,0.00002751532,0.0001053898,0.0001297405,0.000005912647,0.0005576065,0.000004163783,0.001673352,0.7611459,0.2346639,0.0002725504],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04588487,0.001910693,0.03390677,0.182331,0.008287495,0.005098637,0.00212351,0.0005234322,0.7199336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831322,0.00008014331,0.002263037,0.001513568,0.01242421,0.00005217088,0.00002717443,0.0000530278,0.0004545102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9372473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7386139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W192824662","doi":"10.26556/jesp.v5i1.47","title":"The Enforcement Approach to Coercion","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coercion (linguistics); Enforcement; Law and economics; Perspective (graphical); Order (exchange); Political science; Business; Sociology; Law; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3343584468148239,"gpt":0.3103395886155827,"spread":0.02401885819924121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001511772,0.00007421053,0.0001232417,0.00004779615,0.001514175,0.0001270004,0.0001459978,0.00009954118,0.00003182654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001018287,0.00004815284,0.00007870582,0.0000182277,0.0003370075,0.0001146739,0.0000268699,0.000802148,0.00000612845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000183122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005828921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006062161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003482334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991112,0.0001120631,0.0002956821,0.00006962747,0.0003024998,0.0001088678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999062,0.0001503612,0.0002172347,0.00006461472,0.0004500325,0.00005578298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002916568,0.00003480187,0.000003768804,0.00001954789,0.00002243724,3.92116e-7,0.2659046,3.731859e-7,0.000006286513,0.7326606,0.0006696482,0.0006483684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002631975,0.0002120596,0.0001354269,0.00003889567,0.00006020887,0.000003046534,0.02984894,0.00001483976,0.0000255925,0.7404585,0.2288089,0.0001303804],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0130854,0.0007362679,0.0007565953,0.04909227,0.002221499,0.0002850323,0.00001366312,0.00001959553,0.9337897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957787,0.0001707848,0.0001234705,0.001365884,0.002079738,0.000002549252,0.000001295529,0.000008397629,0.0004692248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9826933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140883562","doi":"10.1177/0047117804048493","title":"Agents, Structures and Evil in World Politics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Relations","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Blame; Judgement; Politics; Moral obligation; Moral responsibility; Agency (philosophy); Moral agency; Sociology; Epistemology; Obligation; Moral disengagement; Environmental ethics; Moral evil; Law; Social psychology; Law and economics; Political science; Psychology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07304143192798476,"gpt":0.3036197763122278,"spread":0.230578344384243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006448789,0.00005529596,0.00004755842,0.000197374,0.0001486351,0.00009870901,0.00007441144,0.00002790177,0.001288753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009286339,0.00005473495,0.00002009782,0.00002791703,0.0001336229,0.0001972431,0.00001717504,0.0001424867,0.0001033027],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000873216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003687112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005876717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006240221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994986,0.00001068077,0.0001659521,0.0001047941,0.0001408935,0.00007904501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997026,0.00006419311,0.00004464483,0.00006707793,0.00009319441,0.00002824013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001572837,0.00002017389,0.001736701,0.000002212841,0.00001035227,0.000001077518,0.00888206,0.000514888,0.000005449834,0.9873927,0.001164599,0.0002682125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003537606,0.000006746285,0.0513486,0.00003320352,0.0000103761,0.000002336321,0.001100725,0.000283094,0.00001996478,0.5573558,0.3893884,0.00009698271],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3188953,0.0002487834,0.0004888389,0.02313661,0.001867088,0.0001867984,0.0001166667,0.00007555555,0.6549844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9655936,0.00001603448,0.0002467744,0.000330414,0.0003777096,0.000006892538,0.00006251147,0.000006496317,0.03335956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6466983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289350994","doi":"10.1093/isagsq/ksac040","title":"Violent Interference: Structural Violence, Quantum International Relations, and the Ethics of Entanglement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Studies Quarterly","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Sociology; Constructive; Epistemology; Normative; Computer science; Process (computing)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05931451474128978,"gpt":0.3179675195161625,"spread":0.2586530047748727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006507292,0.0001080735,0.0001678832,0.0000302409,0.000990415,0.00006065212,0.0002287795,0.00002432277,0.0005085263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006810297,0.00007559995,0.0000596511,0.00003678741,0.0008370208,0.00009325131,0.0001166203,0.0003058159,0.000009346619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000131785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003354881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005536859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009450995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987259,0.0002275489,0.0003569922,0.0001773554,0.000388219,0.0001240114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991908,0.0002075392,0.00019633,0.0001392159,0.0002460201,0.00002008483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001034798,0.00002172527,0.0008481589,0.0000206958,0.0001485127,6.471735e-7,0.1513529,0.000009716593,0.000001432781,0.8382069,0.002073744,0.007212088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00120468,0.0004591632,0.002315471,0.00009054947,0.0001012425,0.000008342531,0.5667552,0.0007624507,0.00000267255,0.3927372,0.03537616,0.0001868953],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363962,0.009549731,0.0001967866,0.02997738,0.007818804,0.0007139693,0.0009041033,0.00008507005,0.01435798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988816,0.0002177266,0.00002098912,0.0003311929,0.0001820786,0.00005932909,0.00003205313,0.000003681446,0.0002713194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4454697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7617571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118081330","doi":"10.1017/s0265052509990173","title":"UNDERIVATIVE DUTY: PRICHARD ON MORAL OBLIGATION","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Philosophy and Policy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Mistake; Skepticism; Philosophy; Duty; Moral obligation; Parallels; Obligation; Epistemology; Normative ethics; Law; Political science; Economics; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1053179151177524,"gpt":0.306398274460894,"spread":0.2010803593431416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001119443,0.0001059221,0.0001075399,0.00009862025,0.000807066,0.0001161664,0.00006779822,0.0001039744,0.0001407061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006447927,0.00009899979,0.00004672454,0.00004669855,0.0004745304,0.0001640616,0.00001683854,0.0003152156,0.00008586716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001714854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005347852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003083767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001917407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994213,0.00003369347,0.000125579,0.0001506232,0.0001286979,0.0001400997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999647,0.00004888872,0.00008001569,0.00008640227,0.00008822868,0.0000494429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000161977,0.00003132847,0.00003030342,0.00001707749,0.00001162992,2.185112e-7,0.05845457,1.272673e-7,0.0001913771,0.9383649,0.001030448,0.001851787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001970025,0.00005277224,0.001585031,0.000006927142,0.00001151878,2.85619e-7,0.0009554475,0.000004903675,0.0001442965,0.9551191,0.04179119,0.0001315083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2314859,0.00001611556,0.000005127801,0.06834591,0.0008086,0.0001936427,0.00009225581,0.0001057391,0.6989467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841382,0.000008845573,0.00001211772,0.002421449,0.01202832,0.00001106235,0.00003923646,0.00001320276,0.001327599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7526522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6207381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796159316","doi":"10.21830/19006586.322","title":"El destino de los civiles en la nueva guerra justa. Una perspectiva canadiense","year":2018,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Revista Científica General José María Córdova","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02782600011798893,"gpt":0.2971580520734561,"spread":0.2693320519554672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001730506,0.0007724073,0.0007447932,0.0006783911,0.001827986,0.002064428,0.0008742057,0.0004882043,0.003754309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007461619,0.000760807,0.000412711,0.0004133573,0.001785341,0.0003619549,0.0001849905,0.0009041278,0.0007090407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007104101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007755663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004485581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00371692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946753,0.0009382954,0.0009627031,0.001256848,0.0007662745,0.001400562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962417,0.0004077461,0.0005105006,0.001217507,0.0009963822,0.0006261899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001261938,0.0003592984,0.001286605,0.000990874,0.0001875199,0.00009609043,0.03882654,0.00002412762,0.005717873,0.8602981,0.08843619,0.003650586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006821261,0.0002911341,0.009641632,0.000845279,0.0004695037,0.000108699,0.006307588,0.001346756,0.0004416217,0.001368658,0.9773552,0.001141766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8247536,0.004048128,0.0003586914,0.003162522,0.00197295,0.001027335,0.0009549371,0.0003387437,0.1633831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9629471,0.001476032,0.00063477,0.0008213764,0.009699533,0.00004445038,0.0001614943,0.0001612334,0.02405401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8889191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1533340019","doi":"10.1002/9781444393712.ch13","title":"The Reasons for the War","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Complaint; History; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1201558236936156,"gpt":0.2652451703100889,"spread":0.1450893466164733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002096866,0.00009039608,0.00007034367,0.00001794369,0.0006027484,0.00008111178,0.0002419685,0.00008542828,0.01388523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004082071,0.00003742542,0.00007169834,0.000004271212,0.0003299968,0.00001367007,0.00001379141,0.000115753,0.0005710057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004483709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002358216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001911587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0363145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996166,0.00001615332,0.00008090395,0.0001038581,0.00007082104,0.0001116396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999243,0.0002695456,0.00008001259,0.0003454447,0.00004835475,0.00001359203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001439829,0.000003108686,1.184239e-7,0.000008368161,0.00002075168,1.222518e-8,0.003324257,4.32672e-9,3.905842e-8,0.4607723,0.5342636,0.001606027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003771996,0.000008258514,0.000001917932,0.00001624727,0.00005161389,1.117633e-7,0.003990227,0.000005355423,0.000001550652,0.00581556,0.9899997,0.00007174499],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[7.297042e-8,0.00229419,0.0002725109,0.002402298,0.001588746,0.0003541593,0.00005987675,0.0001067174,0.9929214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001031035,0.0008621829,0.00003875941,0.0003201887,0.002690882,0.0000901422,0.00001919277,0.0001173661,0.9957582],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4557361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9870162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146077072","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9329.2011.00497.x","title":"ON THE IMMORALITY OF THREATENING","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ratio","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Immorality; Philosophy; Epistemology; Psychology; Social psychology; Morality","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2677034102949305,"gpt":0.260815378152138,"spread":0.006888032142792488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001789798,0.00003195163,0.00004250031,0.0000111447,0.0001447947,0.00001893889,0.00005853439,0.00001473965,0.001753311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003187049,0.00001926246,0.00002180259,0.000007271608,0.0001244532,0.00005272113,0.000005355389,0.00005633229,0.00007749968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003775267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009577903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003672913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003408302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997274,0.00002634016,0.00008931596,0.0000509135,0.00006225454,0.00004373194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997039,0.00005355,0.00004838883,0.0001290782,0.00005764782,0.000007406737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006146509,0.00001607758,0.00006224123,0.00000510568,0.000004783866,8.187248e-8,0.05882435,6.31493e-7,0.00009902574,0.9394042,0.001376475,0.0002008046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005368906,0.0004016196,0.02157462,0.0001321895,0.0001175381,0.000001120932,0.04464297,0.0007698857,0.06870217,0.7805647,0.08206569,0.0004906626],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.45079,0.00004608371,0.0002254776,0.001336136,0.0003888571,0.0001335641,0.0000113,0.0000371386,0.5470314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961629,0.000002466948,0.00002163151,0.0001630509,0.0001101077,0.000004522134,0.000003464368,0.000003115197,0.00352872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5453728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086135144","doi":"10.1111/plar.12375","title":"Justice, Conscience, and War in Imperial Britain","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PoLAR Political and Legal Anthropology Review","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Cambridge; Princeton University","keywords":"Conscience; Just war theory; Opposition (politics); Military service; Politics; Law; Sociology; Conscientious objector; Economic Justice; Environmental ethics; Political science; Spanish Civil War; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09480014087945951,"gpt":0.3403079553697758,"spread":0.2455078144903163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002758342,0.000132869,0.0003608037,0.00003389082,0.0003157256,0.00005533135,0.00008757614,0.00007173324,0.001050445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004964068,0.0001055831,0.00003871967,0.00004525484,0.003575728,0.0001785174,0.00005980626,0.0002896569,0.00005952154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001046892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005968063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002368508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005480136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987603,0.0001549069,0.000318566,0.0002935976,0.00009043827,0.0003822165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994233,0.0001338258,0.00004136163,0.00008585475,0.00006750318,0.0002481851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006666772,0.00002723577,0.0001484706,0.001364596,0.000005269713,0.00001140483,0.001657249,5.372757e-9,0.00002877191,0.9932473,0.002534415,0.0009685657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003434177,0.0001887027,0.0003645282,0.0003336381,0.0001541124,0.00005649132,0.003962799,0.00006770916,0.00001962196,0.005514988,0.9887516,0.000242321],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04160725,0.2338473,0.00006204187,0.6693972,0.001264199,0.0007513026,0.0002327114,0.0001223533,0.05271562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9350602,0.02964163,0.00004593913,0.03393454,0.0009687964,0.00001044072,0.00001590385,0.00001061604,0.0003119333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9877324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981712007","doi":"10.1080/13698230902738510","title":"Is there a global harm principle?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Harm; Harm principle; Appeal; Law and economics; Scope (computer science); Global justice; Economic Justice; Politics; Political science; Law; Sociology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1394821315332565,"gpt":0.4026476553960228,"spread":0.2631655238627663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001737708,0.0001223521,0.000247913,0.00002077524,0.000200817,0.00006041054,0.0001710373,0.00006598213,0.001549527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006298929,0.0001017818,0.000159058,0.00002592662,0.0007523688,0.0001352351,0.0000325084,0.0001589011,0.0000604101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004697012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003697201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003381415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002056006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988187,0.00004735464,0.0003792882,0.000189011,0.0003469923,0.0002186296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991462,0.0001294427,0.0000498234,0.00008399734,0.0004484002,0.0001421397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009393661,0.0001141062,0.00004609028,0.000866375,0.00001726888,0.000001520015,0.0004223383,1.559267e-9,0.000002301741,0.9949481,0.002050941,0.001521574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000105253,0.00005384228,0.001586089,0.0009032057,0.00004893668,0.000002605605,0.00009116001,0.000006392991,0.00001088671,0.8001543,0.1969268,0.0001105743],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001583881,0.009219624,0.00004648862,0.3737673,0.000446326,0.0001406211,0.0003923739,0.00003411631,0.6143693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9664005,0.001263948,0.00005335405,0.02950056,0.002513106,0.00000585839,0.00002702165,0.00000519612,0.0002304291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9648166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2471203275","doi":"10.7298/2e6b-he24","title":"Toward a Theory of Peace: The Role of Moral Beliefs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Pittsburgh; Yeshiva University; University of Oxford; Harvard University; City University of New York; Syracuse University; Princeton University; University of Cambridge; Yale University","keywords":"Psychology; Social psychology; Political science; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04434666988343446,"gpt":0.23561207914421,"spread":0.1912654092607756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006374926,0.000510743,0.001128805,0.0007627641,0.0002766983,0.00004309184,0.001344423,0.001165214,0.000457061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004281822,0.0004102857,0.0004593912,0.0001791401,0.005834362,0.0002090224,0.0003931703,0.001386114,0.00002674163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001153527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009022595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001081971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006452031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973435,0.00008098639,0.001010101,0.0005609734,0.0006194098,0.0003850044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959444,0.0001361604,0.001403545,0.001578275,0.0008861866,0.00005147293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003923898,0.0001579041,0.00005519228,0.0006441295,0.0005470752,0.00001059854,0.01354747,0.00001177107,0.0004719676,0.9562063,0.01759083,0.01071757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003186833,0.0001306167,0.00001907555,0.000706844,0.0004021271,0.000008206757,0.005847465,0.000008489797,0.004581007,0.1325996,0.8550251,0.0003527784],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003409466,0.03558189,0.0001476347,0.009049842,0.002778697,0.001269202,0.001755757,0.0004364589,0.9455711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3779278,0.002419316,0.001456437,0.0002209749,0.001141968,0.000135371,0.0006074282,0.0001922823,0.6158985],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8374343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1557044063","doi":"","title":"Hindering a Hindrance to Freedom","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","topic":"War, Ethics, and Justification","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Retributive justice; Commit; Punishment (psychology); Deterrence (psychology); Law and economics; Politics; Economic Justice; Political science; Law; Criminology; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05864545548981676,"gpt":0.2291136857941317,"spread":0.170468230304315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006944869,0.00006982122,0.0001219101,0.00002452714,0.0004466267,0.000011098,0.0001852228,0.00004019209,0.01316678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001240802,0.00008803514,0.00005386812,0.00001139384,0.0002160078,0.0003732335,0.00004524817,0.00006806186,0.0001257874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009030065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003173509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.159732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2221232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995176,0.00001718039,0.00005188473,0.000145082,0.0001408207,0.0001274947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995593,0.00002245133,0.00005817114,0.0001883544,0.0001043344,0.00006731891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007670905,0.0000723329,0.0002528185,0.00004920768,0.00003658905,0.00001500821,0.9225505,0.00008421589,0.0007706272,0.05658822,0.01261974,0.006884061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001285556,0.0002750875,0.1441546,0.0001162718,0.00008163726,0.000008671886,0.2892511,0.0007548245,0.0002040139,0.0002333912,0.5629525,0.0006823464],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4948322,0.0003095954,0.001406827,0.003217,0.0005135117,0.0001652082,0.00001777861,0.0001128624,0.499425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9585344,0.00006679762,0.0009319638,0.00005341086,0.0001578653,1.364461e-7,0.000003278155,0.000006466125,0.0402457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6332994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9877353,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}