{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":8,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":8,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8030753962ec","filters":{"venue":"The Lahore journal of economics"}},"results":[{"id":"W24503999","doi":"10.35536/lje.2013.v18.isp.a2","title":"Education in Pakistan’s Punjab: Outcomes and Interventions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economic growth; Psychological intervention; Population; Political science; Quarter (Canadian coin); Democracy; Developing country; Politics; Devolution (biology); Development economics; Psychology; Sociology; Economics; Geography; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Masooma Habib","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02061644845831706,"gpt":0.322937887374379,"spread":0.3023214389160619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005791768,0.0000569745,0.0001264115,0.00008987044,0.0001945094,0.0001454183,0.000201342,0.00004120018,0.0002376966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003047427,0.00004337845,0.00009907192,0.00005506051,0.00009138904,0.0004090468,0.00001284794,0.0001175771,0.00001335032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001599609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005324738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002167759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02969193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993188,0.00007442848,0.000385504,0.00006284924,0.00004296023,0.0001154158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993641,0.00009506269,0.0002763917,0.00008989355,0.00009326564,0.00008128398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009919764,0.0003883549,0.7648856,0.00002177103,0.00006961043,3.542203e-7,0.02574904,0.00003511807,0.000002370842,0.06216722,0.01876327,0.1279074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000231016,0.00002542785,0.7978507,0.00004606372,0.00002087675,0.00000784733,0.02983544,0.00002193573,0.000001378473,0.0411964,0.1306724,0.00009046438],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769428,0.001271466,0.00001816435,0.01229079,0.0009017247,0.0001209562,0.000002226336,0.000002863396,0.008448942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951442,0.001863191,0.0001338397,0.0003916798,0.0002754207,0.000003956413,0.00000110363,0.000005326793,0.00218124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1278169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9880137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959734262","doi":"10.35536/lje.2002.v7.i2.a3","title":"Private Schooling - A Quality Puzzle","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Literacy rate; Quarter (Canadian coin); Private education; Government (linguistics); Economic growth; Private sector; Demographic economics; Quality (philosophy); Primary education; Private school; China; Economics; Business; Literacy; Political science; Socioeconomics; Higher education; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Karamat Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rana Ejaz Ali Khan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08000326697940903,"gpt":0.3284568457522151,"spread":0.2484535787728061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001681316,0.00006975853,0.0001664674,0.00004572252,0.000404794,0.000150131,0.0003681639,0.00005281632,0.0005024499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002675042,0.00004803474,0.0001416503,0.00007999434,0.000140187,0.0004199799,0.00002644949,0.0001818641,0.00005711356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002458669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001326601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005775549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001123817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990102,0.00009071548,0.0005011163,0.00006835546,0.0001249175,0.0002046651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989763,0.0001460761,0.0004741089,0.0001220101,0.0001516331,0.0001297997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004003495,0.0001685846,0.01448547,0.00001292196,0.0001222861,0.000002396527,0.02182012,0.0008677748,0.00001552186,0.9275558,0.01698935,0.01791974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002104603,0.00003808596,0.006700778,0.00001683783,0.00001368532,0.00001293592,0.01261786,0.0001586777,0.00001028043,0.05799408,0.9221071,0.0001192484],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523133,0.0005624669,0.00003289288,0.00760801,0.0008812811,0.00005912173,0.000005898162,0.000005780146,0.03853123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953141,0.001231097,0.0003148917,0.0005960952,0.001079768,0.000001105478,4.138148e-7,0.000005874222,0.001456715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9051178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5501475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959638240","doi":"10.35536/lje.2002.v7.i1.a4","title":"“Commenting on the Causal Factors ControllingFemale Decision Making”A study of Female Decision Making RegardingPaid Employment: Punjab, Pakistan","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Commission; Making-of; Politics; Demographic economics; Policy making; Political science; Sociology; Economics; Public administration; Law; Management","authors":[{"name":"Lubna Shahnaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zainab Kizilbash","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09057050698424453,"gpt":0.3535816152006186,"spread":0.2630111082163741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002553173,0.000168434,0.0003662849,0.0001639102,0.0008768454,0.0002799481,0.0006024687,0.00008446751,0.0001445393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000288164,0.0001035285,0.0002499253,0.0001467487,0.0001284501,0.0001779034,0.00009601365,0.0003103373,0.000006285363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002511241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000521767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001542412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001365723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977347,0.0003071952,0.001031705,0.0001940819,0.0003926485,0.0003396926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958888,0.002295884,0.001219268,0.0003236001,0.0001892827,0.00008320936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009277315,0.002581729,0.5522319,0.00002685565,0.001214622,0.00006462714,0.2658667,0.05125695,0.00008386193,0.03694794,0.004823859,0.0839732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008011954,0.003026856,0.1492972,0.00117692,0.0007946136,0.00006561098,0.7181982,0.01859816,0.0002754366,0.07161165,0.02774005,0.001203332],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942169,0.0001384829,0.0006303437,0.0005091293,0.0008846602,0.0003893153,0.000005696766,0.00000696254,0.003218482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989891,0.0001205197,0.0002017676,0.0001647778,0.0003924357,0.000002748122,2.818077e-7,0.00002118732,0.0001071955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4523315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6744074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095723048","doi":"10.35536/lje.2009.v14.isp.a9","title":"Pakistan-India Trade Potential and Issues","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"","keywords":"International trade; Politics; South asia; Economics; International economics; Free trade; International free trade agreement; World trade; Development economics; Trade barrier; Business; Political science; Law; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Zareen F. Naqvi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01624053132335409,"gpt":0.2892266703291592,"spread":0.2729861390058052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007811731,0.000115865,0.0002293023,0.00005927715,0.0004413582,0.0002696104,0.0003296657,0.00009047663,0.00005320895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001536272,0.00009208367,0.0001321516,0.00005174638,0.000264356,0.0001706555,0.00001556752,0.0002002166,0.000003788073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000960031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002112812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009268224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005045213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989791,0.00007205059,0.000422926,0.0001103017,0.0001111029,0.0003045261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992531,0.0000471292,0.0003089365,0.0001292331,0.00005147966,0.0002101538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006085644,0.00006400963,0.0002434297,0.000003963811,0.00005570375,0.00002736491,0.002784705,0.00003207447,0.00006334422,0.9764692,0.0002856597,0.01990971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003354224,0.0001428737,0.003528577,0.00001482972,0.00004355892,0.0000561887,0.002409674,0.00006353892,0.00002535882,0.03751114,0.9557341,0.0001347314],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4474524,0.009881687,0.0007829806,0.007220984,0.003836741,0.0004488997,0.00009382424,0.00004813721,0.5302343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804862,0.002891519,0.0001956482,0.0009252091,0.001501387,3.710893e-7,8.050304e-7,0.000009114317,0.01398971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9554484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3755063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2240565397","doi":"10.35536/lje.2013.v18.i1.a1","title":"One-Step-Ahead Forecastability of GARCH (1,1):A Comparative Analysis of USD- and PKR-Based ExchangeRate Volatilities","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rupee; Liberian dollar; Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity; Currency; Economics; Volatility (finance); Exchange rate; Us dollar; Context (archaeology); Robustness (evolution); Econometrics; U.S. Dollar Index; International economics; Monetary economics; Finance; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Abdul Jalil Khan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Parvez Azim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07533280719109103,"gpt":0.2517586558472207,"spread":0.1764258486561296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001996852,0.0001949414,0.001380778,0.0005435945,0.00007576226,0.00006469339,0.0003412674,0.0001094112,0.0006560165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006829726,0.0001814096,0.0004480792,0.0003428402,0.0003434812,0.0002894569,0.00008036169,0.00024497,0.000002436695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001216078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007310438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007330044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001991486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974746,0.00008247295,0.001896832,0.0002601251,0.00004677629,0.0002391639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963322,0.0005787646,0.002173979,0.0004701648,0.0003275999,0.0001172384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003199817,0.0003068296,0.9808077,0.0001604534,0.001785692,3.291484e-7,0.001849762,0.002066196,0.00002682952,0.01000434,0.0001439458,0.002528005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005644502,0.000204102,0.3206963,0.00001678634,0.0001588103,0.000001299131,0.0004377273,0.6578605,0.00003588777,0.01918046,0.0006898775,0.0001537375],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992895,0.0008370892,0.002627043,0.0002647816,0.0001444577,0.0002736473,0.0004261016,0.000002717693,0.002529132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984155,0.0001814457,0.001191869,0.00005024287,0.00004484822,0.000007099858,0.00001134903,0.00001171342,0.00008592491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6601113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7397668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962176516","doi":"10.35536/lje.2005.v10.i1.a2","title":"Child Labor’s Link with Literacy and Poverty in Pakistan","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Per capita income; Literacy; Economics; Welfare; Developing country; Educational attainment; Per capita; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Economic growth; Population; Sociology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Imran Ashraf Toor","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007605250693504781,"gpt":0.2677974541075364,"spread":0.2601922034140316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005991624,0.00008462404,0.0001579065,0.0000689404,0.0002780264,0.0001499976,0.0002320161,0.00005585021,0.00008085093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001340624,0.00005856801,0.00004332914,0.00009903875,0.0001066735,0.0004994897,0.00001187785,0.0002266376,0.000003802329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001701936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003066569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004002354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03170995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992726,0.00006538025,0.0003195777,0.00009454628,0.0000693011,0.000178629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993396,0.00009436176,0.0002694244,0.0001142736,0.0000699701,0.0001123635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004187913,0.0004089412,0.4961075,0.0000223993,0.0001725944,0.00001284259,0.1712366,0.001043269,0.000002048984,0.06546938,0.008899067,0.2562066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005943495,0.00005573786,0.1390884,0.00004571677,0.0000172765,0.00004161905,0.003548337,0.00009149122,0.000004519305,0.003621919,0.8527704,0.0001202091],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.931267,0.002450988,0.000007947882,0.05025383,0.0002449845,0.00008607168,0.00001086084,0.000004622298,0.01567371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897518,0.005854275,0.0003025651,0.002254957,0.001381786,7.524355e-7,0.000001086025,0.000009528603,0.0004433036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8438714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9859588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2960658690","doi":"10.35536/lje.2002.v7.i2.a6","title":"An Analysis of Male Internal Migration and Its Correlation toEmployment Status: Evidence from the Punjab","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Internal migration; Poverty; Population; Urbanization; Population growth; Development economics; Immigration; Developing country; Geography; Human migration; Rural area; Economic growth; Demographic economics; Economics; Socioeconomics; Political science; Demography; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Akram","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lubna Shahnaz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Surayya Surayya","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03653255918942098,"gpt":0.2840285412610338,"spread":0.2474959820716128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008119089,0.00006505351,0.0001646321,0.00008061417,0.0001664468,0.000125366,0.0002374253,0.00004778547,0.0004840993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000856238,0.0000431134,0.00009762219,0.0001765641,0.00008322897,0.00047999,0.00001541003,0.0001220825,0.000002854053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001193499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005082056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001698059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1580017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990599,0.0001931255,0.0004383421,0.00008636648,0.0001208383,0.0001014206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986733,0.0003518407,0.000611315,0.0001228393,0.0001627671,0.00007799889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121868,0.0001352161,0.7170212,0.000003607184,0.0007397629,0.000001809554,0.1490947,0.1082888,0.0003053186,0.007518731,0.001227594,0.01554136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001829022,0.0001095335,0.1476797,0.00002951879,0.0004667806,0.000002585218,0.01199822,0.8332393,0.00001724347,0.0004141095,0.005772224,0.00008782801],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954591,0.0008826903,0.001302943,0.001910305,0.0001886838,0.00008156383,0.00002788314,0.000002541845,0.0001443346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933719,0.005935748,0.0001144642,0.0001670607,0.0001595264,8.342383e-7,0.000004239758,0.000003915794,0.0002423034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7249505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8573626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2613249879","doi":"10.35536/lje.2002.v7.i1.a3","title":"Using Theatre as a Research Tool: Troubleshooting andBenchmarking Pakistan's Devolution Plan","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lahore journal of economics","topic":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada","keywords":"Grassroots; Devolution (biology); Benchmarking; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Political science; Service delivery framework; Service (business); Sociology; Management; Economics; Law; Politics; Economy","authors":[{"name":"Shahrukh Rafi Khan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aasim Sajjad Akhtar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1939234825942351,"gpt":0.3765131320304079,"spread":0.1825896494361727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003618221,0.0001396536,0.0002558146,0.0001714643,0.00150168,0.0004278912,0.0005452078,0.0001293628,0.0002217613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007528763,0.0001158096,0.0001762062,0.0002028495,0.000408156,0.000296261,0.00006514796,0.000509512,0.0000146749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006695658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004108425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001141634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004125191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979597,0.000304374,0.0006314509,0.0001745567,0.0002955713,0.000634291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985868,0.0003072519,0.0004192311,0.0002149609,0.0002729083,0.0001987975],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001148362,0.0001210977,0.003126748,0.00001957709,0.0001241463,0.00004654178,0.009247418,0.0006058103,0.0001389564,0.9687662,0.0002246269,0.01746401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004904165,0.0001228426,0.0001579967,0.0001078308,0.00004186458,0.0001151513,0.01388694,0.005059171,0.00002254085,0.02197005,0.957812,0.0002132472],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4465254,0.001890702,0.0005249858,0.000230113,0.001224734,0.0002344824,0.00002014214,0.00001663509,0.5493328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988077,0.0009209816,0.0003933361,0.0001502689,0.001721301,0.000001433827,9.628973e-7,0.00002076995,0.008713973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9575873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}