{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"a0544c3e777b","filters":{"venue":"2017 NGWA Summit"}},"results":[{"id":"W2626121053","doi":"","title":"Regional Hydrostratigraphic Unit Modelling Using Directional MCP Simulation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2017 NGWA Summit","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Unit (ring theory); Computer science; Geology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1009787485846932,"gpt":0.3026311539617021,"spread":0.2016524053770089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002419222,0.0001482279,0.0001286431,0.00004042591,0.001108279,0.0001230325,0.0003093668,0.000119288,0.001065419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001810447,0.0001331526,0.00007878614,0.00006942033,0.0002312292,0.0004685009,0.00009683763,0.0001890634,0.0003406777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004447762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001299239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001020745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001360669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988744,0.00003952844,0.0001911801,0.0003145537,0.0003242727,0.0002561195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991425,0.00004553987,0.0002115586,0.0004713935,0.00001356262,0.0001154969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001564613,0.00003044696,0.03274938,0.000003028488,0.00001795862,0.000005336485,0.00005853306,0.9641452,0.001992635,0.0001670509,0.0002694412,0.0005453769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000256826,0.00001916816,0.01659784,0.00002362573,0.00002478525,0.0000036726,0.00001450727,0.964449,0.0002219394,0.003960925,0.01421199,0.000215763],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9582214,0.0001093285,0.006651161,0.0001878688,0.0003305962,0.0001491537,0.000006439058,0.00004036719,0.03430371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945739,0.00004802156,0.002476359,0.0000499787,0.000131316,0.000003421733,0.00001225938,0.00001543793,0.002689344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03635249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2623404919","doi":"","title":"Wintertime Infiltration and Snowmelt Processes of Black Spruce Peatlands in the Boreal Plain","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2017 NGWA Summit","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Snowmelt; Peat; Boreal; Black spruce; Permafrost; Taiga; Coastal plain; Hydrology (agriculture); Infiltration (HVAC); Environmental science; Geology; Snow; Geography; Forestry; Geomorphology; Archaeology; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01591765294610016,"gpt":0.2533838059099182,"spread":0.237466152963818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003063849,0.00009674689,0.0001408513,0.00002268852,0.0001631882,0.00006900354,0.0004117003,0.00006608872,0.0001215793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001312687,0.0000631844,0.00002031591,0.00004003799,0.000353003,0.0002508348,0.0001190936,0.00009004139,0.00003390072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001578368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001219573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000914685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01392922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992981,0.00003650085,0.0001606982,0.0001877201,0.0001370758,0.0001798882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999402,0.00006847532,0.0001401691,0.0003456984,0.000007716949,0.00003594805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003413934,0.00004645059,0.9904261,0.00001824989,0.000004577505,0.00001090573,0.0007972503,0.00001270939,0.0003221686,0.00007752454,0.006918587,0.001331367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004366981,0.0001151808,0.9924266,0.00001810408,0.000009301351,0.000006069158,0.0001315159,0.0002779379,0.0003714732,0.0004441895,0.005675535,0.00008738711],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9459038,0.000025713,0.00001500742,0.0007973916,0.00003248773,0.0001375874,0.000009328659,0.000005982604,0.05307266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999319,0.0000948358,0.00004683806,0.0000928497,0.00004328522,0.00001053465,0.00002196772,0.000004705994,0.0003659619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05341518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7772834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622422796","doi":"","title":"Thinking Outside the Boxcar: Combined Remedies using Single Application of Multi-Functional Amendments","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2017 NGWA Summit","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"WSP (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09089195029298636,"gpt":0.2922221965249016,"spread":0.2013302462319152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003446696,0.0001308649,0.0001607992,0.00008274528,0.0009620701,0.0005096585,0.0004877988,0.00005399092,0.00006990885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002270038,0.00009911547,0.00007291542,0.00006096255,0.0001512913,0.0009726935,0.000223616,0.0001003043,0.0001525605],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002818318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001097651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002750531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008335811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999035,0.000009568237,0.0002444915,0.000197068,0.0003450203,0.0001688623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984279,0.00002818673,0.0008047994,0.0005323156,0.0001975128,0.000009306868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002618477,0.0008773469,0.7573933,0.0003709849,0.0003182336,0.000008921936,0.001023317,0.0008965431,0.06192479,0.1276349,0.03123677,0.01805306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003229356,0.00003019908,0.4036175,0.0002538631,0.0002916007,0.000001269892,0.001768808,0.06646366,0.00537973,0.008453455,0.5097871,0.0007234101],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8712513,0.0004575957,0.02201593,0.005624078,0.00351814,0.001358283,0.00001339708,0.0003511866,0.09541009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972853,0.000003766934,0.000588048,0.0004735624,0.0006576101,0.0000137674,0.00002596674,0.00001676509,0.0009351844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4785503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7399563,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901382545","doi":"","title":"Benchmarking of FEHM Control Volume Finite Element Solver","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2017 NGWA Summit","topic":"Engineering Applied Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SoilVision Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmarking; Solver; Finite element method; Computer science; Control (management); Engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Structural engineering; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01546905786658041,"gpt":0.2470365859301835,"spread":0.2315675280636031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003553649,0.0001767378,0.0002636481,0.00009894583,0.000164812,0.00009523326,0.000604041,0.0001032367,0.0003160034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008639945,0.0001826283,0.00008768497,0.00003655113,0.00007905396,0.0001364808,0.00009661169,0.0002720828,0.0002597761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006122872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001847011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005523645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004120959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987898,0.00001004185,0.0002476439,0.0001849766,0.0003166141,0.0004508897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987674,0.00007419252,0.0000694,0.0009197068,0.00005741178,0.0001118636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008326552,0.0001567613,0.09276462,0.001281292,0.001074722,0.000142375,0.0005001019,0.6440455,0.0454034,0.002492093,0.1492306,0.0628252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001937823,0.00008793545,0.06273544,0.0001686621,0.0000544259,0.000001668301,0.00003343541,0.8172548,0.01105986,0.0001558356,0.1059177,0.0005924376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4818617,0.003141864,0.2325789,0.0008169544,0.005404497,0.00236387,0.0004053701,0.001518257,0.2719086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971424,0.00008228355,0.001420561,0.000009048868,0.0002516276,0.00003926208,0.000007877947,0.00004718974,0.0009997392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5152807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7447364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}