{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ad64fcffab13","filters":{"venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum"}},"results":[{"id":"W3056791258","doi":"10.2514/6.2020-3947","title":"Numerical and Experimental Studies of Transpiration Cooling Film Effectiveness over Porous Materials","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Porous medium; Coolant; Porosity; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Heat transfer coefficient; Heat flux; Transpiration; Permeability (electromagnetism); Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mathieu Hinse","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. Richer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bertrand Jodoin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sean Yun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zekai Hong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0153880078251992,"gpt":0.2476031311336329,"spread":0.2322151233084337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005846432,0.0001374182,0.0002760961,0.00001982718,0.00004345905,0.00001213456,0.00003452554,0.00006574666,0.00002700857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001008644,0.0001168742,0.00002261904,0.00006641139,0.00004528549,0.0001008138,0.0000166283,0.0000473523,7.925333e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000111425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005633253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003699842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000391983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993464,0.00003799592,0.0002021404,0.0001595268,0.0001000241,0.0001539591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997982,0.00003205325,0.00001350918,0.00004934776,0.00001489731,0.00009198981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002554655,0.00003106303,0.000412299,0.0006265297,0.00009364145,0.00001794564,0.002040273,0.0009162357,0.980844,0.0007834759,0.0004564969,0.01352261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008319838,0.0003393246,0.0007493971,0.00008677124,0.00002442801,0.000007814688,0.0004926345,0.002892373,0.9925207,0.00008375833,0.001781655,0.0001891652],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994289,0.003411816,0.001431115,0.0002332888,0.0003205716,0.00008877162,0.00001226059,0.0000916815,0.000121533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988768,0.0007079176,0.0001095037,0.0001624014,0.0000658125,0.00003159922,0.00001668386,0.00002260604,0.000006656845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01333345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4765993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3071838598","doi":"10.2514/6.2020-3842","title":"Structural Stability of a Lightsail for Laser-Driven Propulsion","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Propulsion; Laser; Solar sail; Aerospace engineering; Spacecraft; Specular reflection; Laser propulsion; Reflection (computer programming); Optics; Physics; Computer science; Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Dan-Cornelius Savu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Higgins","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01359414185079671,"gpt":0.2105388880821442,"spread":0.1969447462313474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004830929,0.0001465493,0.0002146357,0.00001622602,0.0001324041,0.00001981559,0.0001461645,0.00003886976,0.0002711868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007777373,0.00010594,0.00007759461,0.000121362,0.0000743265,0.0001638255,0.00008586522,0.00007495376,0.000003589199],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004218653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003596162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002433506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002243311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999025,0.00003051063,0.0002341422,0.000318854,0.0001442542,0.0002472075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995098,0.0000279178,0.0001072712,0.0001295866,0.00004903434,0.0001763717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001007713,0.0001461196,0.4330072,0.0002443767,0.0001093298,0.000004555458,0.001597897,0.0004908417,0.07038848,0.02440957,0.01183711,0.4567568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007205691,0.005873895,0.04854669,0.000222411,0.0002187611,0.00001036468,0.006059038,0.3111946,0.3081734,0.0187829,0.2914458,0.002266426],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906021,0.00006463015,0.002762417,0.005007438,0.0001735702,0.0002110355,0.0002164336,0.00003054323,0.0009317675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974157,0.000004566604,0.001867295,0.0002048284,0.000145011,0.00001507357,0.0001917515,0.000008683368,0.0001470492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4544904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4320107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3052774193","doi":"10.2514/6.2020-3521","title":"Book-keeping Investigations for BLI Aircraft","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum","topic":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Propulsor; Airframe; Aerodynamics; Fuselage; Context (archaeology); Computational fluid dynamics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Coupling (piping); Propulsion; Boundary layer; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Ye-Bonne Maldonado","is_ca":true},{"name":"Panagiotis Giannakakis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benoit Rodriguez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Tantot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01484232813992716,"gpt":0.2217306554623733,"spread":0.2068883273224462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003627506,0.0001353454,0.0001326055,0.00001889488,0.0002305373,0.00002142501,0.0001537805,0.00008560978,0.0002622227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001017758,0.0001174885,0.00004687021,0.0001986804,0.0001925166,0.0002647909,0.0002291789,0.00008405963,0.00004533115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002296135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007103019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003755237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002274979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990794,0.00001288099,0.00016367,0.0003477324,0.0001221262,0.0002741908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996217,0.00002855263,0.00005159555,0.0001307561,0.000006474866,0.0001608498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008257039,0.00006424422,0.007156858,0.00004605922,0.00002605007,0.00001698963,0.00031323,0.001067352,0.08011984,0.02469281,0.5288499,0.3575641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003409189,0.000204642,0.0002778679,0.00001219759,0.000009305354,0.000004740556,0.00016344,0.007705977,0.01645194,0.01581921,0.9587978,0.0002119419],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02473268,0.006551396,0.403656,0.5437342,0.000603244,0.001095011,0.0000615272,0.002375266,0.01719068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8750417,0.001115291,0.04386018,0.07468462,0.0001154675,0.0002550699,0.00005141625,0.00005952268,0.004816785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.850309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4791043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3065078114","doi":"10.2514/6.2020-3518","title":"Two-Dimensional Simulation of Laser Thermal Propulsion Heating Chamber","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum","topic":"Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser propulsion; Spacecraft propulsion; Interplanetary spaceflight; Laser; Aerospace engineering; Propulsion; Thermal; Rocket (weapon); Combustion chamber; Combustion; Optics; Materials science; Physics; Engineering; Plasma; Meteorology; Nuclear physics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Zhuo Fan Bao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Higgins","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0122215242066836,"gpt":0.2181350777212899,"spread":0.2059135535146063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008154593,0.0001699053,0.0002107046,0.00004171456,0.00008038141,0.00001968537,0.00005945674,0.0000766349,0.0001889465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004950647,0.0001420683,0.0000544473,0.0001847034,0.00003657753,0.0002453946,0.00008169993,0.00008379049,0.00002306558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001543088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001059324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003863933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001092248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989055,0.00004303065,0.0003408379,0.0002202865,0.0002571087,0.000233227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954,0.00006765647,0.00006651501,0.0001251028,0.0000539968,0.000146752],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006958418,0.00002928103,0.001466653,0.00004674871,0.00002317493,0.000005896987,0.0001594421,0.7865928,0.1831362,0.0001337635,0.0005286796,0.02780771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005357186,0.00008086544,0.0009604204,0.00004792662,0.00001483232,0.000003151484,0.0000612029,0.7439716,0.2510716,0.0001151484,0.002951309,0.0001861963],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962493,0.000182134,0.0003080309,0.002131174,0.0001163668,0.0000854631,0.000007590787,0.000188121,0.0007318108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982942,0.00001447902,0.0009918844,0.0004315539,0.0001100355,0.00001184296,0.00002023982,0.00003873349,0.00008707294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06793543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5793376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3054172129","doi":"10.2514/6.2020-3667","title":"Optimization of Micro-Gas Turbine Based Hybrid Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems for Small Off-Grid Communities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Automotive engineering; Hybrid power; Grid; Engineering; Battery (electricity); Smart grid; Turbine; Energy storage; Power (physics); Reliability engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Nareg Basmadjian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sean Yun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zekai Hong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0138100987350562,"gpt":0.200357041087555,"spread":0.1865469423524988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002092584,0.0004008509,0.0007188314,0.0001295314,0.0002443031,0.00009383853,0.0002619362,0.0001561274,0.00005772022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006233439,0.0003520118,0.0001266086,0.0002307511,0.0001549202,0.0001599823,0.0001924702,0.0001288936,0.000001853991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004151846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006966174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00781434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005286303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979035,0.0002455298,0.0007184714,0.0004239347,0.0002415016,0.0004670746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987084,0.000153318,0.0002228342,0.0003980888,0.0002142528,0.0003031312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001661063,0.0002596456,0.001438285,0.001104509,0.0002992376,0.00003170226,0.0005521878,0.9377872,0.02209903,0.009353715,0.01907573,0.006337637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00401397,0.001301349,0.00002576527,0.0003245864,0.00008016726,0.00004757664,0.001523765,0.7449727,0.03143059,0.00007530086,0.2156083,0.0005959265],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8667573,0.02397337,0.06538592,0.02696791,0.004872999,0.002025752,0.0008369397,0.001098341,0.00808147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993618,0.0009473339,0.001912388,0.001275441,0.0001881095,0.0001348127,0.0008496292,0.0001105947,0.0009637059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1965326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}