{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1368,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":1368,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"c62d2f93d7e7","filters":{"venue":"AIP conference proceedings"}},"results":[{"id":"W2801346558","doi":"10.1063/1.5031520","title":"The role of data fusion in predictive maintenance using digital twin","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Sensor fusion; Predictive maintenance; Aerospace; Data modeling; Asset (computer security); Big data; Distributed computing; Data mining; Reliability engineering; Database; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03253556909723576,"gpt":0.2479067163337938,"spread":0.215371147236558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001417442,0.0001074542,0.0001053982,0.00005344991,0.00004960924,0.0001684429,0.0005263315,0.00007037314,0.00001265601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000739946,0.00008638372,0.00001366264,0.0002367889,0.0001886476,0.002003633,0.0001211455,0.0001620736,0.00001382418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000463372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004007014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008789078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000458194,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991871,0.000001444845,0.0002653821,0.0001481576,0.0001716689,0.0002262661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995251,0.00003025511,0.00004905329,0.0001553482,0.000201425,0.00003881704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004130302,0.0002575227,0.2945264,0.0006089338,0.0002418375,0.000004512674,0.03110134,0.0003397296,0.09601384,0.06890039,0.006246451,0.501346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003774668,0.0001030384,0.003770438,0.0005263336,0.000009980176,0.00001447581,0.009552949,0.949512,0.009751067,0.009099743,0.01700418,0.0002783354],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.749895,0.00007795355,0.01041187,0.00007320406,0.0001873309,0.0003066524,0.0001648446,0.000175618,0.2387076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996269,0.00002371811,0.0002182668,0.000006311645,0.00005775258,0.000006794927,0.000009193078,0.00001411249,0.00003691382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9491723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3522626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153038526","doi":"10.1063/1.3160885","title":"Probing Inflation with CMB Polarization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":302,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Cosmic microwave background; Inflaton; Physics; Planck; Polarization (electrochemistry); Inflation (cosmology); Cosmic background radiation; Primordial fluctuations; Parameter space; Astrophysics; Theoretical physics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009402488212078234,"gpt":0.2319146800567291,"spread":0.2225121918446508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006764536,0.0000877085,0.00007966422,0.00004599729,0.0001276187,0.00007976887,0.00006564795,0.00002829207,0.00009024376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006636859,0.00007547865,0.00001485384,0.0001488191,0.0000374949,0.0003878251,0.000007524607,0.0000930834,0.00001875515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007553451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004089635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001034892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.538204e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995543,0.00000377792,0.0001002963,0.0001415131,0.00007449528,0.0001256279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996104,0.000009698017,0.00008440884,0.00003777567,0.0002264227,0.00003133993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002152454,0.00001995434,0.3489901,0.000003704447,0.000007786386,8.747774e-8,0.001735523,7.379716e-7,0.00665082,0.6345516,0.00003385215,0.007984271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004241396,0.0002732764,0.1811465,0.00005095669,0.00002603053,0.000001944153,0.001327458,0.0004266939,0.004477163,0.8110716,0.0005550505,0.0002192339],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8898552,0.000007272146,0.0908462,0.001382187,0.00003135832,0.0002181742,0.000002766446,0.00008209693,0.01757475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979677,1.448829e-7,0.001237564,0.0001184709,0.00006381133,0.00001141981,0.00002636478,0.000004435242,0.0005701401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.17652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.307793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751452210","doi":"10.1063/1.5007652","title":"The large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (LEGEND)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":222,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"MAJORANA; Double beta decay; Neutrino; Physics; Particle physics; Lepton number; BETA (programming language); Germanium; Semiconductor detector; Nuclear physics; Lepton; Energy (signal processing); Detector; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Silicon; Electron","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05093461812163012,"gpt":0.3422553354948136,"spread":0.2913207173731834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003330182,0.000250208,0.000249013,0.00003811343,0.001835854,0.001349848,0.001403352,0.00005125906,0.00007488976],"category_scores_gemma":[1.93399e-7,0.0001930238,0.0001471043,0.00005964529,0.0001581947,0.0005112044,0.0005401658,0.0002712531,0.0000784502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003837174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001542879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001301779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006201884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981486,0.000006274876,0.0002448379,0.0004572749,0.0003306094,0.0008123608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984233,0.00006768106,0.0002556868,0.0004903064,0.0005976285,0.0001654114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007604488,0.0001099704,0.01683406,0.00002013321,0.00006295215,2.715003e-7,0.0006369707,7.145853e-8,0.0370273,0.9423709,0.0005174624,0.002343863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002066713,0.00006946141,0.004343575,0.00002215222,0.00002653473,4.602242e-7,0.001205782,0.0001363035,0.9625585,0.001272553,0.02797616,0.0003217837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2574966,0.0001022739,0.006073397,0.002672299,0.0004596799,0.00193516,0.00005587033,0.00009199978,0.7311127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960053,0.00001204041,0.00001370708,0.00002546476,0.0005717407,0.0008057567,0.00001175644,0.00003606367,0.002518186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9410983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909635311","doi":"10.1063/1.5084603","title":"A beamline for bulk sample x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the high brilliance storage ring PETRA III","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada)","funders":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Beamline; Storage ring; Extended X-ray absorption fine structure; Optics; X-ray absorption fine structure; Monochromatic color; Spectroscopy; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Absorption spectroscopy; Beam (structure); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01139911145817133,"gpt":0.2467121842573103,"spread":0.235313072799139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002923285,0.0003077069,0.0003939395,0.00007164493,0.000381208,0.0002550071,0.0004359766,0.00006789358,0.002094351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002185988,0.0002427257,0.0002058196,0.0003002641,0.0001071816,0.0004241703,0.0001052113,0.0002695239,0.0002384835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000745086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007006128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002832207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981562,0.000007454822,0.00033649,0.0006118171,0.0002977846,0.0005902403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989779,0.00009630148,0.0002700237,0.0002692374,0.000283468,0.0001030616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002924472,0.0001745404,0.2376606,0.0001042736,0.0002679652,3.919707e-7,0.002087192,0.0001172379,0.6504629,0.1044605,0.002759134,0.001612772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01041164,0.002169185,0.1339792,0.0009880107,0.001409696,0.000007280915,0.01045507,0.2316178,0.4377385,0.1007271,0.06586199,0.004634551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.907631,0.00005359034,0.08767908,0.00113717,0.0002037473,0.0007215817,0.00008852623,0.00007098026,0.002414326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992667,0.00002158456,0.002880684,0.0001399947,0.0005796194,0.0001534004,0.00009924808,0.00003353494,0.003424931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2315006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018240897","doi":"10.1063/1.3483879","title":"Cosmology of the Very Early Universe","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmology; Physics; Universe; Quantum cosmology; Non-standard cosmology; Theoretical physics; Physical cosmology; Astronomy; Dark energy; Quantum mechanics; Quantum gravity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009271242424372121,"gpt":0.2275743003030919,"spread":0.2183030578787198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007909741,0.00006841343,0.00009271975,0.00002494241,0.00008801399,0.00001472063,0.0002161262,0.00004355812,0.0003151777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001860164,0.00005160705,0.00004545523,0.0001021709,0.0003120413,0.000104635,0.0000832263,0.000217141,0.00002163691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002221789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006480268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007591898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003859835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996248,0.000005841863,0.00009524978,0.0001058715,0.00005562094,0.0001125431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995576,0.00003599379,0.00009512573,0.0000793216,0.0002064125,0.00002559243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007557225,0.00001277908,0.3976555,0.000001996314,0.0000090782,4.958207e-8,0.0007983114,1.044023e-8,0.01004678,0.5901055,0.0001591352,0.001203222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001924502,0.00003481696,0.1756188,0.00000731186,0.00001755799,0.000001211838,0.001047455,0.00001048261,0.007105379,0.8143419,0.001548363,0.00007423435],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848946,0.000001333351,0.0005422276,0.0005072339,0.0002298812,0.00007215173,0.00000790807,0.00001089926,0.01373375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987746,1.098279e-7,0.0001613987,0.00004763753,0.00004760416,0.000006422736,0.00000157468,0.000003920327,0.0009567418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2242364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3450974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021327128","doi":"10.1063/1.3663109","title":"The D.C Electrical Properties of (PVC-Al2O3) Composites","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Polymer Science and PVC","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Colleges and Universities","keywords":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Composite material; Materials science; Composite number; Activation energy; Conductivity; Chemistry; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05135900186156885,"gpt":0.2308291867140795,"spread":0.1794701848525106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003423628,0.0001300779,0.0001697321,0.00004481131,0.0002731179,0.0001475053,0.0008423277,0.00005338161,0.0001336249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001039988,0.00007570622,0.00004280299,0.0002484748,0.0005328225,0.0004302563,0.0001239945,0.0001053271,0.0001223145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001379611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001255316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000174689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008184365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987383,0.00001265715,0.000268245,0.0002537454,0.0003254564,0.0004015386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993015,0.00002905491,0.0001471579,0.0001342069,0.0003012976,0.00008676211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004297584,0.0000343226,0.007447093,0.00001197682,0.000003378716,3.51479e-7,0.003055352,6.103356e-9,0.9682233,0.01940652,0.0002653022,0.001509388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009068966,0.0001820584,0.003624447,0.00004188691,0.00001076342,0.00001009779,0.0004307609,0.0008220747,0.9918451,0.002220988,0.0005881852,0.0001329512],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832029,0.0005446413,0.0002219577,0.000307246,0.0001456185,0.0001487138,0.000001528902,0.0000717596,0.01535564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989084,0.00007769657,0.000443767,0.0001176991,0.00003454851,0.00002687395,1.613622e-7,0.000006884627,0.0003839508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02362176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.308721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1795676016","doi":"10.1063/1.1848343","title":"Towards a Natural Theory of Dark Energy: Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Perimeter Institute; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Naturalness; Extra dimensions; Dark energy; Point (geometry); Natural (archaeology); Dark matter; Large extra dimension; Section (typography)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01216413835949396,"gpt":0.2436329137583034,"spread":0.2314687753988094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002006037,0.0001441687,0.0001958619,0.0001341323,0.0001355331,0.00003039519,0.0001813453,0.00004908047,0.0001858503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004641916,0.0001263476,0.00008643734,0.0003675879,0.0001512253,0.0002102784,0.00006890892,0.0001592311,0.00001181054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001512028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001397819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008158137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002150399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992093,0.00001152593,0.0001907051,0.0002102049,0.0001304127,0.0002478277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993835,0.00005457184,0.00009694028,0.00008209488,0.000321159,0.00006172246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000307343,0.0000930483,0.0254654,0.000007728782,0.0000464984,4.513745e-7,0.002319568,1.45132e-7,0.002946524,0.9645833,0.000109602,0.00439705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005872101,0.00006875876,0.01035634,0.00003230956,0.00003578363,0.000001856522,0.00415388,0.00001350012,0.006919555,0.9771067,0.0005706006,0.0001535167],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9383919,0.0002588041,0.03954937,0.0005434407,0.0002383894,0.0001308037,0.00005413399,0.00006051999,0.02077268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998356,0.000002889365,0.0009517854,0.0001446616,0.00005688189,0.00002255473,0.00002301693,0.000009987428,0.0004322646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05996409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5152305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4300127344","doi":"10.1063/1.3160886","title":"Gravitational Lensing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fermilab; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cosmic microwave background; Physics; Gravitational lens; Astrophysics; Reionization; Gravitational wave; Polarization (electrochemistry); Strong gravitational lensing; Weak gravitational lensing; Cosmology; Redshift; Galaxy; Optics; Anisotropy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01985197455081836,"gpt":0.2456208753234901,"spread":0.2257689007726718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005046001,0.0001026195,0.0001090788,0.00006557959,0.0001152262,0.00008321384,0.0001364877,0.00003098327,0.0002315025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004775198,0.0001033231,0.00003822796,0.0001515535,0.00004298329,0.0002717988,0.00001389598,0.0001235725,0.00004186364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001304067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004553563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002034266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.52326e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999393,0.000001521243,0.0001388399,0.0001861615,0.00008190887,0.0001985739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996455,0.000008048522,0.00006925246,0.00005966994,0.0001755298,0.00004204856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000229423,0.00003639868,0.2295843,9.782342e-7,0.000009414777,8.497314e-8,0.0002102318,3.960804e-7,0.005465686,0.693691,0.0006557545,0.07034345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007369937,0.0002353865,0.4016395,0.00004870821,0.00003285632,0.000004928615,0.003232005,0.004710416,0.004188155,0.5667078,0.01794318,0.0005200516],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9280389,0.000007925105,0.03002431,0.002504255,0.00004566924,0.0001067472,0.00000404722,0.00009831492,0.03916981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926199,2.785348e-7,0.006824354,0.0001334718,0.0001187679,0.00000946037,0.00001450944,0.000005034243,0.0002742796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1720552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4213395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1575384733","doi":"10.1063/1.3021273","title":"What Levels of Guidance Promote Engaged Exploration with Interactive Simulations?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Educational Games and Gamification","field":"Psychology","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Instinct; Student engagement; Resource (disambiguation); Science learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Elegance; Psychology; Science education; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1147828828288867,"gpt":0.3471731916275652,"spread":0.2323903087986785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002245205,0.0001278936,0.0001536409,0.00009572163,0.0001593495,0.00005314267,0.0001472796,0.00006667525,0.000457352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000149508,0.000113542,0.00002562056,0.0002513762,0.0001276038,0.001488657,0.00001565276,0.0002562792,0.00004874237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000371616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009748861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002208947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006208122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990499,0.00003943132,0.0002702875,0.0002989757,0.0001904456,0.0001509723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984062,0.0001195164,0.0002976196,0.0001285723,0.001000237,0.00004781265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005167968,0.0009338474,0.08755859,0.0001063915,0.0002035053,0.000003277097,0.7358917,0.00002613212,0.09649771,0.05756913,0.0016811,0.01901183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001729242,0.001071253,0.8250707,0.0007164091,0.00007148622,0.00008759992,0.126809,0.003386868,0.02539288,0.008763563,0.006186428,0.0007146065],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860507,0.00008755797,0.007641663,0.00178971,0.0002538484,0.0003971716,0.000009647167,0.00004971945,0.003719984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958747,0.0000323474,0.001490691,0.000111015,0.00007702452,0.00009723468,0.00001737731,0.00001499182,0.002284598],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7375121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5007684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168430753","doi":"10.1063/1.1424142","title":"An overview of the VASIMR engine: High power space propulsion with RF plasma generation and heating","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Helicon; Spacecraft propulsion; Specific impulse; Plasma; Propellant; Aerospace engineering; Propulsion; Nozzle; Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion; Physics; Rocket engine; Rocket (weapon); Cyclotron; Adiabatic process; Materials science; Computational physics; Nuclear engineering; Nuclear physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02979588532549894,"gpt":0.2713418623099801,"spread":0.2415459769844812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001355241,0.0001205222,0.0001276997,0.00003798074,0.0001183821,0.0001012981,0.0001522707,0.00002582388,0.005885418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001007986,0.00007798078,0.0000182664,0.0001945984,0.00006060913,0.00008683059,0.00007722471,0.0001233431,0.000002054746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004164779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007203334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006065925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000299304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991634,0.000009394989,0.0001500472,0.0002239922,0.0002751712,0.0001779995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994143,0.00001363064,0.0000983378,0.0001149206,0.0002937359,0.00006502483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005087593,0.0001743798,0.4911698,0.00009359389,0.00003185226,5.728521e-7,0.001651554,0.000004497298,0.3073971,0.04823063,0.0006667338,0.1505285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005522253,0.003654688,0.5163044,0.001443865,0.0002271781,0.0000253525,0.01134122,0.2589418,0.171948,0.003209153,0.02584351,0.001538618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872351,0.00002869948,0.0004536468,0.001572855,0.00002376104,0.0003949664,0.00000314259,0.00001340045,0.01027442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982545,0.00002369772,0.0007410779,0.00002562319,0.00006232189,0.0000360988,0.00000498742,0.000008527576,0.0008431004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2589373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2192341839","doi":"10.1063/1.4949369","title":"First results from the GlueX experiment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Bremsstrahlung; Photon; Polarization (electrochemistry); Beam (structure)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02500989859491085,"gpt":0.2639010500144209,"spread":0.2388911514195101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008086274,0.0001208337,0.00009740023,0.00001229347,0.00018925,0.0001351192,0.0002435939,0.00002286623,0.0009673121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002339913,0.00006508356,0.00007308392,0.00006289973,0.00007146394,0.000216148,0.00006847202,0.00008336116,0.0002992928],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002576582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003456466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008381672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002413747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992042,0.000004668038,0.0002047942,0.000252493,0.0001211737,0.0002126947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993805,0.0001738076,0.0001016651,0.0001448768,0.0001311855,0.000068015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002526867,0.0004111929,0.1341114,0.000005358784,0.0003174478,0.000001720349,0.01483537,0.000001888329,0.1741346,0.6240933,0.03231958,0.01951545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008794912,0.0005417484,0.0889726,0.001350424,0.0002285541,0.00000681706,0.01722718,0.08133594,0.102432,0.3041515,0.3928679,0.00209043],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9584817,0.00001198988,0.006178184,0.01204743,0.0001924608,0.0001414656,0.0001602743,0.00004411303,0.02274244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988092,0.000005653784,0.0001020233,0.00007888649,0.0003014065,0.00005195169,0.000007784104,0.00001021352,0.0006329436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3605483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2318788881","doi":"10.1063/1.4940606","title":"Inspection of additive manufactured parts using laser ultrasonics","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Laser; Layer (electronics); Fusion; Deposition (geology); Porosity; Composite material; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01901263631312667,"gpt":0.221795539780948,"spread":0.2027829034678214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007539356,0.000191089,0.0002211007,0.00006170415,0.00006886126,0.00005706477,0.0001249908,0.00009710981,0.0004845063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006557863,0.0001395672,0.00003830632,0.00007331607,0.00009208964,0.0003846134,0.00002639502,0.00007277096,0.00001927642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005636803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002564595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000161585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004310824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991876,0.000004086709,0.000221706,0.0001968684,0.0001448878,0.0002448704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995234,0.00004690963,0.00009355681,0.00006538111,0.000208612,0.00006211428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009057981,0.00005315353,0.002552584,0.0005747846,0.0001496447,0.000004068112,0.001863096,0.00007553753,0.9694149,0.001428087,0.004270187,0.01952339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002509865,0.00005310664,0.003157801,0.0002390678,0.0000234151,0.000009235075,0.0001792737,0.0008019723,0.989341,0.002220269,0.003481446,0.0002424298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9792985,0.00003300729,0.01451863,0.00004688431,0.000289186,0.0001470011,0.0001554833,0.0003962279,0.005115127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990606,0.0001850536,0.0004486659,0.00001678086,0.0001242259,0.00001631609,0.000005220159,0.00003003736,0.0001131045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01992611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5691387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990610875","doi":"10.1063/1.3625377","title":"Applications of Hard X‐ray Full‐Field Transmission X‐ray Microscopy at SSRL","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"XANES; Beamline; Synchrotron radiation; X-ray; Optics; Materials science; Synchrotron; Microscopy; Absorption (acoustics); Phase-contrast imaging; Transmission electron microscopy; Phase contrast microscopy; Nanotechnology; Physics; Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01579355157472955,"gpt":0.2525694878284518,"spread":0.2367759362537223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001255691,0.0002300564,0.0003277568,0.0001108921,0.000196697,0.00004594425,0.000421583,0.00008962601,0.003596603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004188854,0.0002083134,0.0001793791,0.000341167,0.0001269695,0.0002677559,0.00006299585,0.0002100548,0.0001419903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002264599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007512484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002729076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003484644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986494,0.00000672247,0.0003671543,0.0004262614,0.0001992834,0.0003512363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999128,0.00002155165,0.0002151837,0.000202185,0.0002852026,0.0001478842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001039531,0.0002396115,0.1554539,0.00005747955,0.00009936452,2.421474e-7,0.003402096,1.709516e-7,0.8068964,0.02128712,0.001125864,0.01133374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006921973,0.0004531139,0.01089839,0.0001896274,0.0003448709,0.000001249246,0.002578632,0.00139641,0.9528862,0.01496192,0.01491788,0.0006795104],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3937935,0.0001254643,0.5452466,0.0004493082,0.00006566669,0.0006184008,0.00003510735,0.0001014298,0.05956455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857088,0.0000330969,0.01245237,0.00004998202,0.00009799743,0.0001237022,0.00001676584,0.00001827027,0.001499003],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5919154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2964125997","doi":"10.1063/1.4915569","title":"Atmospheric results from Super-Kamiokande","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Western Canada Research Grid; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Compute Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Super-Kamiokande; Physics; Neutrino; Annihilation; Particle physics; Dark matter; Mixing (physics); Neutrino oscillation; Nuclear physics; Astrophysics; Solar neutrino; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05185482039885929,"gpt":0.2894748918468619,"spread":0.2376200714480026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002103258,0.0002150855,0.0002435304,0.00001573187,0.00008443417,0.0002728082,0.0004797981,0.00005059581,0.000335853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001432041,0.0002023753,0.00006691202,0.0003039834,0.00009529376,0.0004917216,0.0002163611,0.0003223883,0.0006137536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005233082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002743259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00169009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004089489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983097,0.00001140535,0.0002693621,0.0004951987,0.000450256,0.0004640359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998675,0.00005939699,0.00009789759,0.0002047537,0.0006298175,0.0003330869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005069439,0.0005547823,0.5556573,0.0000220537,0.0002275045,0.000007069876,0.01162102,0.000007196248,0.03857019,0.3192077,0.04179813,0.03182007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02447183,0.001424179,0.06448819,0.0005054927,0.00024622,0.000006415077,0.03434581,0.05183667,0.2430114,0.4295873,0.1454615,0.004614985],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6732312,0.00001573854,0.00162262,0.0005794354,0.0001016161,0.0002094176,0.00007340975,0.00008647149,0.3240801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960711,0.000002683634,0.0006429493,0.00005019813,0.0005220035,0.00004622902,0.00006283893,0.00002733628,0.002574681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4911692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8252624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087631071","doi":"10.1063/1.4860679","title":"A helium based pulsating heat pipe for superconducting magnets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Materials science; Superconducting magnet; Evaporator; Heat transfer; Cryocooler; Magnet; Helium; Nuclear engineering; Heat pipe; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Isothermal process; Mechanics; Loop heat pipe; Gas compressor; Physics; Engineering; Atomic physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02839594582862102,"gpt":0.237463487149682,"spread":0.209067541321061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003565605,0.0002141309,0.0002299777,0.00007215085,0.0002012787,0.0002332274,0.0002104538,0.00009949199,0.0001416731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001941055,0.0002193322,0.0000563046,0.0001382641,0.0000382979,0.0003356492,0.00002902083,0.000122257,0.00003329268],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003394885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002206391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002942438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004875402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988448,0.000004831984,0.0002822136,0.0003075849,0.0001128522,0.0004476932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994428,0.00009164825,0.00002429816,0.0001239623,0.0002190844,0.00009822795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003422848,0.00001148178,0.001252697,0.0002620588,0.00000634421,5.719316e-8,0.000548514,0.00003706402,0.9921505,0.002709621,0.000285174,0.00273308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017791,0.0001675482,0.0007216091,0.0002423655,0.00005745946,0.00001539857,0.002279345,0.5424662,0.4346012,0.002475909,0.01508942,0.0008657479],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.966696,0.00003091189,0.02806572,0.0005065046,0.0003046588,0.0003986032,0.00001479068,0.0006297386,0.003353018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876215,0.000007409996,0.01134809,0.0001737234,0.00037848,0.0003614569,0.00001885751,0.00005670077,0.00003374962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5575493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8944106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1616598968","doi":"10.1063/1.2436116","title":"VLS-PGM Beamline at the Canadian Light Source","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Beamline; Monochromator; Undulator; Optics; Grating; Physics; Diffraction grating; Materials science; Laser","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01255841508708845,"gpt":0.2568947753637056,"spread":0.2443363602766171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003455516,0.0002108971,0.000159801,0.00009005724,0.0004928631,0.0001483913,0.0004379431,0.0000552392,0.0004776421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002400775,0.0001641145,0.00006068669,0.0002110207,0.0001415859,0.000224755,0.0001021355,0.0003226191,0.0001307466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001647833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001604012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02053126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01259237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986711,0.00000347718,0.0002202193,0.0003165489,0.0001994242,0.0005892491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991173,0.00003475693,0.0001230029,0.0001818493,0.0003079223,0.0002351502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004111889,0.00007246447,0.6819623,0.00002888909,0.00009547747,0.000005568463,0.007803257,0.000001763896,0.04844695,0.1301389,0.04523475,0.08616849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003350388,0.00006726747,0.006403546,0.00008612193,0.00004292075,0.000009238083,0.001860378,0.0005677853,0.1022318,0.03482617,0.8529401,0.0006295922],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3631631,0.0001522685,0.1599202,0.01924526,0.0002793111,0.00112514,0.00003758187,0.0007250387,0.4553521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914556,0.000001854185,0.001793359,0.0005492968,0.0003017023,0.00003198185,0.00001236655,0.00003076738,0.005823069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8077053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9859911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1597310767","doi":"10.1063/1.2400876","title":"Approximate Randomization of Quantum States With Fewer Bits of Key","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Unitary state; Mathematics; Sequence (biology); Upper and lower bounds; Quantum state; Discrete mathematics; Set (abstract data type); Quantum; Pseudorandomness; Combinatorics; Algorithm; Computer science; Pseudorandom number generator; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007382653269150726,"gpt":0.203418745854221,"spread":0.1960360925850703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002673872,0.0001705854,0.0003261836,0.0001435517,0.00006443616,0.00009285186,0.0005141709,0.00005071252,0.000004796598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002867599,0.0001249411,0.00004651241,0.0004954319,0.0001239879,0.0002835287,0.0001219895,0.0001114657,0.000001508417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008898366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008129876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001179144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002648737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987296,0.0000120833,0.0003553959,0.0003238159,0.0003294788,0.0002496532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987668,0.00005766445,0.0003655827,0.0001487063,0.0006171463,0.00004403627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004928615,0.0006150186,0.04249321,0.0009711037,0.0001128274,0.000007965675,0.01238406,0.00581849,0.05737281,0.8554765,0.0008914727,0.02336369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001379526,0.0002471138,0.002831058,0.0001802308,0.00001097687,0.00001271398,0.00007288274,0.9597713,0.0153327,0.01987827,0.0001026593,0.0001805682],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4239685,0.00003763541,0.574837,0.000252828,0.00004055944,0.0001502599,0.000002550135,0.00007939504,0.000631317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638777,0.00001025987,0.03598418,0.00002495382,0.00003064393,0.000008371244,0.000004118124,0.00001041133,0.00004940364],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9539528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.509495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803813537","doi":"10.1063/1.5038312","title":"Recovery of nickel and cobalt as MHP from limonitic ore leaching solution: Kinetics analysis and precipitate characterization","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cobalt; Nickel; Manganese; Precipitation; Diffractometer; Leaching (pedology); Kinetics; Nuclear chemistry; Hydroxide; Coprecipitation; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Materials science; Scanning electron microscope; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01729949163134848,"gpt":0.2309177892350968,"spread":0.2136182976037483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001329947,0.0001395668,0.0002267268,0.0001517771,0.00007576044,0.0001174365,0.00007038796,0.00007621818,0.00007645195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007333032,0.0001364563,0.00003402796,0.0002374652,0.0000871825,0.000386455,0.00003953108,0.0001416381,0.000008717476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001975803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001020973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001113681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003883509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992613,0.000009043461,0.0002489407,0.000210762,0.0001198766,0.0001500944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995638,0.00003179874,0.000101098,0.00006087412,0.0001645491,0.00007787553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002957771,0.00002082655,0.03307781,0.00009850947,0.0002234733,4.047585e-7,0.002189178,0.000002201475,0.9307439,0.0004349986,0.00002731288,0.03315187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006918801,0.0004715674,0.5114987,0.0004282443,0.001070293,0.00002029365,0.001491743,0.389477,0.08946522,0.002114868,0.002453706,0.0008164338],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740804,0.00009203296,0.02337532,0.0001094557,0.0001198712,0.00008730068,0.00001824911,0.00008355323,0.002033747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980765,0.0004605048,0.001097093,0.00004649088,0.0000944481,0.000004874993,0.00004042214,0.00001288555,0.0001667623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8412786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5564528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W14851400","doi":"10.1063/1.2436181","title":"Wiggler-base Hard X-ray Spectroscopy Beamline at CLS","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Guelph; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Beamline; Wiggler; Optics; Microprobe; Monochromator; Synchrotron radiation; Materials science; Collimated light; Diffraction; Physics; Laser; Beam (structure); Nuclear physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01994295287216495,"gpt":0.2850824104705286,"spread":0.2651394575983637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003500539,0.0003393921,0.000317996,0.0001235466,0.0002010517,0.0001170845,0.0004118832,0.00006646637,0.0006833865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003097584,0.000335146,0.0001025051,0.000249747,0.0001751905,0.0005547139,0.0001462149,0.0003562423,0.0001781872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001320081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007152178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005441673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002853859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980775,0.000004404386,0.0003795374,0.0005574173,0.0002892807,0.0006918752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989192,0.00004888374,0.0002286546,0.0002256473,0.0003629581,0.0002146482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008671455,0.0001357415,0.3022986,0.00002905823,0.00004257268,0.000004412655,0.0009556118,7.15191e-7,0.6345801,0.04994424,0.006981908,0.004940342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007894091,0.0002390979,0.01039474,0.0001542317,0.00005392202,0.000005168627,0.0007576976,0.0005845878,0.8733851,0.07222132,0.04057828,0.0008364746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4476216,0.0000409316,0.4966266,0.0009953373,0.000149661,0.000482974,0.00002682561,0.0006508487,0.05340529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9337045,0.000006720366,0.06356098,0.0001713471,0.0004099753,0.00004342679,0.00002338187,0.00004786146,0.002031828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4860829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404233838","doi":"10.1063/5.0232853","title":"Securing smart dairy farms: A cybersecurity analysis of IoT-based cow health monitoring systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Internet of Things; Computer security; Computer science; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03395357011920875,"gpt":0.2649523601030927,"spread":0.230998789983884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008819587,0.0002343602,0.0005318173,0.000101451,0.0001606841,0.0002781876,0.0003690702,0.0001285135,0.00009529828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009333608,0.0001109862,0.0002318242,0.001826621,0.0001177717,0.0001864164,0.00007655218,0.0002834057,0.000008383699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001511887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008684074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002863446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003981369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979314,0.00003885488,0.0005137129,0.0006235889,0.0004462389,0.0004461589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990468,0.0002227414,0.0001701579,0.00007308735,0.0002981279,0.0001890625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005738814,0.0002376942,0.8884307,0.001197382,0.0005770457,0.00000587271,0.006071937,0.00004362451,0.08455313,0.002869598,0.0002153793,0.01574026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003459842,0.001387035,0.733804,0.001757874,0.0007141803,0.000008871193,0.02339713,0.2237698,0.006844825,0.0007326932,0.006082218,0.001155323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960633,0.0009626614,0.00007137062,0.001546236,0.0002895735,0.0003514149,0.0001039552,0.0002783033,0.0003332064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995769,0.00003464387,0.00009460819,0.00003927465,0.0001355146,0.00005257206,0.00002968522,0.000002342094,0.00003448311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2237262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4525887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976638601","doi":"10.1063/1.4913184","title":"Reliability block diagrams based analysis: A survey","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Computer science; Information retrieval; Download; World Wide Web; Block (permutation group theory); Reliability (semiconductor); Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02878321841751251,"gpt":0.2326997722359413,"spread":0.2039165538184288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001022853,0.0001934359,0.0003039248,0.0001341661,0.00004014017,0.000135354,0.0002323797,0.000131878,0.0000360657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008543764,0.0001795751,0.00008778884,0.001077521,0.0000784096,0.0003275268,0.00002958214,0.0001855605,0.00003826571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001294933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008685103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001888705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001371991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987851,0.00001914077,0.0002971455,0.000326159,0.0002559636,0.0003164906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985032,0.00005534299,0.00005227059,0.0002015763,0.0009753575,0.000212258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008994279,0.000159421,0.8629478,0.0001932079,0.0002299743,0.000001494551,0.001802628,0.125021,0.0008003243,0.0006557909,0.007010783,0.001087742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000287926,0.00005532586,0.1009237,0.00001848151,0.0001020119,5.884249e-7,0.0001606828,0.896463,0.0002642425,0.0007388325,0.0007367239,0.0002484208],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8260583,0.00006267081,0.1633596,0.0002679108,0.0002625434,0.000430123,0.00002995739,0.0007475205,0.008781311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972512,0.00002387478,0.002412237,0.00006470361,0.00002824067,0.00005569471,0.00005203317,0.00001905815,0.00009295623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7714421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.732286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1490875712","doi":"10.1063/1.2902682","title":"DIFFUSION OF PULSED EDDY CURRENTS IN THIN CONDUCTING PLATES","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Eddy current; Brass; Materials science; Electromagnetic coil; Electrical conductor; Diffusion; Conductivity; Pickup; Eddy-current testing; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Magnetic field; Mechanics; Copper; Optics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05962502729699676,"gpt":0.2655535259493187,"spread":0.205928498652322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001616513,0.0001948704,0.0002726157,0.0001960215,0.00004966589,0.00001985887,0.0002560237,0.0001052444,0.00003339456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002505277,0.0002014948,0.00003163585,0.0003136875,0.0001130394,0.000367328,0.00006070604,0.0003233563,0.000006092414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007075519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003169369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009081886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003662606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989626,0.000005148127,0.0003405563,0.0002224674,0.00018883,0.0002804179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995229,0.00005388533,0.00009217131,0.00008836378,0.0001883854,0.00005424458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007912828,0.00003716146,0.4271182,0.000163063,0.000008099129,0.000003332619,0.003556811,0.000003780707,0.5663823,0.002067005,0.00009970895,0.0005525528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002280717,0.0004306663,0.1831787,0.00291314,0.00003976897,0.0002467657,0.002556019,0.08897609,0.5520366,0.165418,0.00009306461,0.00183038],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989584,0.00006367567,0.001497615,0.00001577807,0.00009834162,0.000200106,0.000002692511,0.0005781063,0.007959676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699686,0.00008351383,0.02985096,0.000005753241,0.00002652882,0.00002539442,0.000002459794,0.00002974906,0.000006999496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2439395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8216719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1241571153","doi":"10.1063/1.4922566","title":"Experimental issues in magnetic force microscopy of nanoparticles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetic force microscope; Magnetic field; Characterization (materials science); Magnetic nanoparticles; Saturation (graph theory); Materials science; Demagnetizing field; Magnetization; Nanoscopic scale; Microscopy; Magnetic domain; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Condensed matter physics; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02188970467969613,"gpt":0.3091795458808143,"spread":0.2872898412011182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008150862,0.0001088637,0.0001537611,0.00004523414,0.00002600184,0.00004513884,0.0001804387,0.00002806551,0.0001554907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003122814,0.0001070136,0.00002892578,0.000148862,0.00009752053,0.0001452939,0.00006566758,0.0000695417,0.00001897294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001929275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004685657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003989788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001329489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999329,0.000002943419,0.000209974,0.0001794245,0.00008926279,0.000189425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996526,0.000004937302,0.00007390183,0.00008068798,0.0001207831,0.00006707595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010222,0.0001086591,0.06211632,0.000006624721,0.00000211646,6.392224e-8,0.001774772,1.879315e-7,0.8839719,0.05071017,0.0009024108,0.000396547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003072617,0.0001719001,0.0006738302,0.00004562922,0.000004374141,4.796643e-7,0.004107822,0.0006027216,0.9809152,0.0114684,0.001578084,0.0001242607],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894348,0.0001638997,0.0007700617,0.0001816123,0.00001564932,0.0002175362,0.000007354901,0.00003326382,0.009175858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946954,0.000002160244,0.00447436,0.0000223549,0.00002732124,0.0001054698,0.000004685916,0.00001080602,0.0006574976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09694333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.436389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993325280","doi":"10.1063/1.4822187","title":"Determining passive cooling limits in CPV using an analytical thermal model","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Limiting; Thermal; Finite element method; Natural convection; Passive cooling; Water cooling; Photovoltaic system; Active cooling; Mechanical engineering; Thermal analysis; Computer science; Convection; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Physics; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04469833720746349,"gpt":0.253556152648922,"spread":0.2088578154414585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009142702,0.0002005419,0.0001989787,0.0001758747,0.00006263402,0.0002164797,0.0001866812,0.0001394204,0.00009280607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003909592,0.0002117056,0.00002607684,0.0002485135,0.0000391498,0.001667807,0.00003320595,0.0002716399,0.00002965851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004440651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001928287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004206189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989062,0.000003778034,0.000276694,0.0002418265,0.0001600594,0.0004114425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999534,0.00001360468,0.00004866363,0.00008956205,0.0001960579,0.0001181249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001059797,0.0000459467,0.06178332,0.0001031164,0.00002044454,0.000003382723,0.005515826,0.7455941,0.1777951,0.0002545193,0.00003593485,0.00883778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002136311,0.00002761766,0.005824036,0.00008713909,0.00001220353,0.000005445396,0.0005839528,0.9914112,0.001488935,0.00008117155,0.000001654409,0.0002630011],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615479,0.000009906495,0.03469698,0.00001524578,0.00005238146,0.0002007743,6.522401e-7,0.0001925076,0.003283721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856812,0.00001854224,0.01408355,0.00004756854,0.00006089464,0.00003676287,0.000003855857,0.00004537062,0.00002229241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2458171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8633103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W186598142","doi":"10.1063/1.1751367","title":"The Associativity Equation Re-Revisited","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Functional Equations Stability Results","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Associative property; Generalization; Differentiable function; Commutative property; Computer science; Applied mathematics; Element (criminal law); Algebra over a field; Mathematics; Pure mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09208929802168983,"gpt":0.3143326706561581,"spread":0.2222433726344682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001142603,0.0001487327,0.0001651573,0.00004480034,0.0004708526,0.0002331173,0.0002535326,0.00009654571,0.00005116158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00844544,0.0001102579,0.00006881526,0.0003584734,0.0001085216,0.0003681668,0.00006747148,0.0002310888,0.0001132478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003354714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001883959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003941112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005997777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985789,0.0000195812,0.0003493743,0.0002744389,0.0005070138,0.000270688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977881,0.00075363,0.0002607557,0.0001709608,0.0009632767,0.00006322033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003680345,0.0001069026,0.004546148,0.00004163827,0.00003301641,2.433505e-7,0.002057689,0.0000017334,0.001962056,0.9883038,0.001487332,0.001422612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005326697,0.00008270486,0.006222221,0.00006165654,0.00003057046,0.000002053928,0.0007909412,0.002307375,0.0006835933,0.9875209,0.001595795,0.0001695028],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7619285,0.00007797841,0.1110529,0.03737732,0.0004086297,0.001797376,0.00004073295,0.0008075638,0.08650905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959522,0.00001516734,0.003066975,0.0001071908,0.00008919866,0.00007592326,0.000007586158,0.00001501778,0.0006706837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2340238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1599195770","doi":"10.1063/1.2400654","title":"Dual-Species Quantum Degeneracy of 40K and 87Rb on an Atom Chip","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Degeneracy (biology); Atom (system on chip); Evaporation; Quantum; Atom optics; Evaporative cooler; Lattice (music); Physics; Chip; Atomic physics; Dual (grammatical number); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Parallel computing; Bioinformatics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01829521639717874,"gpt":0.2370911882438043,"spread":0.2187959718466255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009285175,0.0002235708,0.0002718364,0.00006656217,0.0001351686,0.0001679879,0.0001506705,0.0000419253,0.0001650439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000289281,0.0001999709,0.00006163325,0.0001427729,0.0001348176,0.0003017059,0.00007148859,0.0001382354,0.00001155483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001070239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005422635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003664947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006462796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989067,0.000006658073,0.0002633157,0.0003533243,0.0002023163,0.000267707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993436,0.00003766137,0.0001742677,0.0001248412,0.0002374403,0.00008218431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015177,0.0001488801,0.1893012,0.0000204297,0.00001827813,4.228639e-7,0.0003914758,5.708642e-7,0.1002974,0.7058848,0.0003290007,0.003592294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001961204,0.000928293,0.3205305,0.0003174135,0.0001187871,0.000003958062,0.004558979,0.009098697,0.2273287,0.4209891,0.01279635,0.001368056],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980095,0.00003334022,0.0002153952,0.0002150451,0.00005577143,0.0001492558,0.00002809251,0.0000358434,0.01917228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987145,0.000005495677,0.0001454549,0.00003855678,0.0003951592,0.00001944385,0.00002370975,0.00001952597,0.000638137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2848957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8154577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995973848","doi":"10.1063/1.5139185","title":"Forecasting Philippines imports and exports using Bayesian artificial neural network and autoregressive integrated moving average","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autoregressive integrated moving average; Quarter (Canadian coin); Artificial neural network; Econometrics; Bayesian probability; Autoregressive model; Moving average; Statistical hypothesis testing; Statistics; Box–Jenkins; Economics; Computer science; Mathematics; Time series; Geography; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1056110669935961,"gpt":0.340629390550297,"spread":0.2350183235567008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003935142,0.000443094,0.0006967105,0.000339162,0.0004392854,0.001222044,0.0004248651,0.0002035107,0.0002956461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005245711,0.0003521874,0.00008374979,0.0008022859,0.0002709093,0.00133408,0.0005388573,0.0004417482,0.00000407627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000548193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001620778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000764704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001972018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960225,0.0001012086,0.001019407,0.001213268,0.0008918814,0.0007517218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966778,0.001062246,0.0009090606,0.0002615329,0.000793142,0.0002962085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001144718,0.00001625011,0.7909149,0.00004413561,0.00002345083,0.00003463918,0.003293294,0.0001206382,0.00676201,0.0009402533,0.000195341,0.1975406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002507505,0.0001358627,0.03108688,0.0003414652,0.00002887439,0.0004243891,0.001879256,0.9407401,0.0002377729,0.0241414,0.000266396,0.0004668575],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832249,0.000123521,0.01270109,0.0001902213,0.0007376818,0.0005213341,0.000004406107,0.000117916,0.002378904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982355,0.000007436688,0.01685589,0.0001256634,0.0003211725,0.000014675,0.000002484912,0.000039975,0.0002777125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9406195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045851786","doi":"10.1063/1.3131425","title":"Feasibility of Transient Image-guided Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Disruption","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrasound; Spinal cord; Contrast (vision); Medicine; Cord; Blood–brain barrier; Magnetic resonance imaging; Biomedical engineering; Radiology; Central nervous system; Surgery; Computer science; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03330785595629122,"gpt":0.2826054118404432,"spread":0.249297555884152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009507577,0.0001463698,0.0001823794,0.00004939842,0.00005542848,0.00004816531,0.0001687253,0.0000718844,0.0001002598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002638891,0.0001431275,0.00006518975,0.0001681623,0.00007147114,0.0002110114,0.0000059177,0.0001334342,0.00001512344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000285031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002599797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007656355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002094901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991744,0.000002422945,0.0002630403,0.0002053031,0.0001502521,0.0002045824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995105,0.000008465116,0.00004254724,0.0001161949,0.0002286813,0.00009363432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003408461,0.00009166331,0.004255255,0.00008601641,0.00001595724,3.802203e-7,0.0006371026,0.000002242515,0.9828256,0.006200998,0.0002370258,0.005613718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003505342,0.002495147,0.7343534,0.0004866965,0.0005796397,0.0001711681,0.001901303,0.02133972,0.1877467,0.03839511,0.007018745,0.002007114],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771926,0.00006525192,0.00721801,0.0002110857,0.00003504349,0.0002603708,0.00001463015,0.0002171268,0.01478589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982027,0.00006186395,0.001533189,0.00004914687,0.00004270009,0.00002565778,0.000006563912,0.00001222928,0.00006592879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7950789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5836572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080676570","doi":"10.1063/1.4753861","title":"Estimating cell temperature in a concentrating photovoltaic system","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Solar cell; Temperature measurement; Voltage; Diode; Thermal; Power (physics); Materials science; Maximum power principle; Operating point; Equivalent circuit; Open-circuit voltage; Junction temperature; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009210270674564303,"gpt":0.1990778393317011,"spread":0.1898675686571368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002254211,0.0001991666,0.0001894396,0.00009433686,0.00007039185,0.0001306254,0.0001307882,0.0001355118,0.00002705589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000302412,0.0002079333,0.00002398615,0.0003290432,0.0000205843,0.0009340121,0.00002557452,0.0003167534,0.00004829849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001869188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002484725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001157653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001687062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988966,0.000004346759,0.0002795785,0.0001592036,0.0001571459,0.0005031466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996524,0.0000155281,0.00006070699,0.00007160393,0.00009577219,0.0001039229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007747387,0.00004018816,0.3455699,0.001654813,0.00001215045,0.000002192335,0.01237676,0.006974719,0.6315649,0.0006819526,0.000462855,0.0006518046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000265829,0.00001278241,0.002337439,0.0003014114,0.000008052181,0.00001204048,0.00214436,0.9772713,0.01734982,0.000004889635,0.00005345669,0.0002386441],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749079,0.0002490102,0.003957795,0.000005621047,0.0005745316,0.0002979391,0.000001624184,0.0005121356,0.01949344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777002,0.00001303522,0.02193337,0.00001893172,0.0001825006,0.00006416069,0.000006839562,0.00003877801,0.00004216362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9702966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8479274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038261474","doi":"10.1063/1.4810815","title":"The fundamental role of symmetry in nuclear models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Symmetry (geometry); Physics; Rotational symmetry; Nuclear structure; Theoretical physics; Neutron; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Algebraic number; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Nuclear physics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry; Mechanics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0108908325816337,"gpt":0.2174949384582424,"spread":0.2066041058766087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004713635,0.0000780356,0.00009323143,0.00002077049,0.00009583902,0.0001091176,0.0002232966,0.00001726517,0.0002139474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001024026,0.00006037411,0.0000372471,0.0001234862,0.00007146032,0.0002471149,0.00007524793,0.0001088915,0.00009571806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009711107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001828331,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004891682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.910199e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994648,0.000002197667,0.0001487397,0.0001292224,0.00009112404,0.0001639311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996824,0.00001524651,0.00007839232,0.00008062474,0.0001048108,0.00003847459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001744719,0.00005990596,0.0160403,0.000002850979,0.000009210843,5.151545e-9,0.0006730138,5.955951e-7,0.02518582,0.9399664,0.0003626485,0.01769746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002138724,0.00003192737,0.01073268,0.00002738833,0.000006943259,1.608472e-7,0.01195348,0.05641865,0.001393709,0.9153396,0.003730459,0.0001511504],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8931847,0.00001121158,0.00009908501,0.0003821198,0.00001067682,0.0001996609,0.000004699,0.0000120539,0.1060958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995914,0.000004299721,0.0001468545,0.00002486182,0.00003928719,0.00005476602,0.00000177643,0.00001161788,0.0001251744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1064067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2461985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W930207632","doi":"10.1063/1.4918500","title":"The effect of particle size on the rheological properties of polyamide 6/biochar composites","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Food and Agriculture; Ministry of Rural Affairs","keywords":"Materials science; Biochar; Particle size; Composite material; Polyamide; Extrusion; Grinding; Filler (materials); Rheology; Thermoplastic; Particle-size distribution; Ball mill; Polymer; Particle (ecology); Pyrolysis; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03142908635214137,"gpt":0.2422884352706957,"spread":0.2108593489185543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008894868,0.0001736254,0.0002713632,0.00001609226,0.0001542558,0.0001187179,0.0007316914,0.00006347735,0.00004056253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001323053,0.00007276196,0.00006359137,0.0001629305,0.0006560116,0.0001671901,0.0002109526,0.0001555229,0.0000745863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002386008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000422358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004910267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001060512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986744,0.00006358093,0.0003288942,0.0002038016,0.0004347086,0.0002945942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998432,0.0006991009,0.0002310949,0.0001837118,0.0003738784,0.00008019568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004392904,0.00001089894,0.00503742,0.00003363792,0.000009995272,2.775516e-7,0.0006141398,0.000002721709,0.9671353,0.02641579,0.0001741459,0.0001264375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002814767,0.001231608,0.0005734928,0.0001172443,0.00001901025,0.000005881267,0.0002430065,0.001507036,0.9951148,0.0007571069,0.00004872973,0.0001005985],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962932,0.0003618631,0.00001673198,0.001927723,0.00009004326,0.000403632,0.000002407212,0.00005676986,0.0008476073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995103,0.00000896306,0.0000824665,0.0000987596,0.0000289642,0.00004238242,2.584075e-7,0.00000844127,0.0002195007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02797956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2967147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989469773","doi":"10.1063/1.4773137","title":"Entanglement and quantum nonlocality demystified","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum nonlocality; Quantum entanglement; Quantum; Locality; Hidden variable theory; Quantum correlation; Probabilistic logic; Bell's theorem; Quantum state","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02981794264251996,"gpt":0.2711765271845983,"spread":0.2413585845420783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001868304,0.0001191825,0.0001189721,0.00002278894,0.000131776,0.00007532187,0.0001028433,0.00002694667,0.0002904257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004010043,0.000109259,0.00002817428,0.00008124379,0.00003536059,0.0001994178,0.00007290935,0.00009974838,0.00005704645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001168625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002206031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006944738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.836673e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992641,0.000003413681,0.000155665,0.0001796852,0.0001070537,0.0002900615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995903,0.000013404,0.000077961,0.00007215741,0.00008853134,0.0001576085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002182835,0.00007324904,0.0878475,0.000008291584,0.00001209211,1.48228e-8,0.0004306864,2.622906e-9,0.007218609,0.9013238,0.0004069294,0.002676643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001020916,0.0001284223,0.04810317,0.00008599843,0.0001398638,0.000005145724,0.007473968,0.04146858,0.01085415,0.8218693,0.0678752,0.0009752726],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9066986,0.00005050507,0.08125512,0.000752307,0.00009567525,0.0002719387,0.00002320797,0.00005151589,0.01080117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991907,0.000005300526,0.0003567323,0.00008405047,0.0001794906,0.00009153215,0.00001054594,0.000009301181,0.00007235067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09249213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4455451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1666512022","doi":"10.1063/1.3109952","title":"Single, Complete, Probability Spaces Consistent With EPR-Bohm-Bell Experimental Data","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum entanglement; Bell's theorem; Mathematics; Computer science; Quantum mechanics; Statistical physics; Quantum; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07490801532451714,"gpt":0.2793631721148005,"spread":0.2044551567902834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001261075,0.0002198219,0.0002297005,0.00003057912,0.0002012394,0.0002676004,0.0005419975,0.00002883666,0.0002938088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005559179,0.0001842108,0.00003625174,0.0001669161,0.0001028096,0.0003422351,0.0001478818,0.0001524938,0.00005079261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002644848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008361506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007317393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002730724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986556,0.000005682182,0.0002316622,0.0005880745,0.0002075065,0.0003114462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990783,0.00001835277,0.0001557581,0.0003911878,0.0002231121,0.0001332418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003387324,0.001043306,0.008388851,0.00001470974,0.00004361099,5.044036e-7,0.0006732026,2.98032e-7,0.07919148,0.9050449,0.001979846,0.003585416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003862799,0.003343968,0.008896874,0.0004693668,0.000299504,0.000031384,0.01573846,0.06647404,0.06913588,0.6785783,0.1502896,0.002879831],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9503847,0.0000454436,0.01820318,0.003026504,0.00004970343,0.0009930531,0.0001817662,0.0001461551,0.02696947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966734,0.000001259899,0.002752022,0.0002206277,0.00009481677,0.00005835348,0.0001009778,0.00001268044,0.00008586115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2264666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W786362950","doi":"10.1063/1.4918505","title":"Binary blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and poly(butylene succinate): A new matrix for biocomposites applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Materials science; Polybutylene succinate; Adipate; Toughness; Ultimate tensile strength; Polymer blend; Composite material; Elongation; Spherulite (polymer physics); Polymer; Compatibility (geochemistry); Chemical engineering; Copolymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04199274312433034,"gpt":0.2794963684661654,"spread":0.2375036253418351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004939986,0.0003485123,0.0005196219,0.0001953032,0.0002094386,0.0002568035,0.0005184285,0.0001847632,0.0001480351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005595534,0.0002863847,0.00008350521,0.0002375436,0.0002461844,0.0005416404,0.0001670205,0.000111186,0.00005015475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003900244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003420959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009292534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007746672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979922,0.00001970195,0.0005386312,0.0006194905,0.0003025981,0.0005274147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985352,0.0000786587,0.0003296573,0.0002424389,0.0004414396,0.0003726735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003044028,0.0001057396,0.0127134,0.0003194394,0.00003358564,7.466898e-7,0.002071263,5.303319e-8,0.9529256,0.005178654,0.001046041,0.02530113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007318931,0.0005586536,0.0007078827,0.0001495874,0.00009333637,0.00004051388,0.0008992727,0.0006386302,0.9867176,0.003280316,0.005760275,0.0004220826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9461825,0.0415704,0.004602857,0.003164683,0.0001887045,0.001166178,0.0002044202,0.0002742202,0.002645998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896951,0.0002096562,0.008002937,0.00007820666,0.0001437367,0.000271933,0.00001737785,0.00003942409,0.001541645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04351255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971301806","doi":"10.1063/1.3293033","title":"Radio Mode Outbursts in Giant Elliptical Galaxies","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Elliptical galaxy; Active galactic nucleus; Stars; Galaxy; Radio galaxy; Astronomy; Duty cycle; Power (physics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01301019680654027,"gpt":0.2341304272615465,"spread":0.2211202304550062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000162151,0.0002381962,0.0002678609,0.0001448757,0.0001109776,0.0001669066,0.0002835633,0.00006388141,0.000313846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001884492,0.0002357383,0.00006371003,0.0002636779,0.00008645291,0.0007732053,0.00003711778,0.0002579949,0.0001553364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001001974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001148349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001337312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007167153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985403,0.000007739808,0.0003853513,0.0003181793,0.0002564864,0.0004919026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993672,0.00001536447,0.0001226083,0.0001231184,0.0002333071,0.0001384069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001218226,0.00009094768,0.8501412,0.000009157254,0.000008484692,1.652913e-8,0.003324623,0.000001842466,0.0009595942,0.1447502,0.0003693087,0.0003324277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004143345,0.00007939734,0.9291972,0.0000456329,0.000009997248,0.00000181889,0.0009169382,0.02165116,0.0002965404,0.04702646,0.0001018967,0.000258641],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894326,0.00002127112,0.001269656,0.0009955759,0.0000712028,0.0002321276,0.000004542892,0.00008312892,0.007889887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985365,0.000007807753,0.0007198858,0.000007851463,0.0001914097,0.00003178398,0.00001786887,0.00001359387,0.0004733476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09772374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9613128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1680997276","doi":"10.1063/1.1381917","title":"A Bayesian revolution in spectral analysis","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bayesian probability; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01517676512161834,"gpt":0.2425491665540583,"spread":0.22737240143244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003044539,0.0002361533,0.0003439833,0.0006497237,0.0001076819,0.0004734606,0.001124534,0.0001159467,0.0001758164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006578353,0.0002258571,0.0001145136,0.004028826,0.0000657612,0.001443161,0.0001763465,0.0002706603,0.00006098658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001097206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001512316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001544063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001707903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979382,0.00001213286,0.0003934882,0.000714577,0.000342725,0.0005988666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991365,0.00002001383,0.0001595445,0.0002708702,0.0002453157,0.0001677428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001847287,0.0001368566,0.6687709,0.00004210119,0.00007042965,0.00004772396,0.002549703,0.000008093511,0.001101847,0.3160818,0.0003607371,0.01081131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004780774,0.0001680457,0.3663915,0.0000969551,0.00007601368,0.00007894516,0.000346215,0.5347518,0.0002757486,0.09566247,0.001041258,0.0006329681],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0575243,0.0000715088,0.9137479,0.003378183,0.00007176027,0.0001612194,9.975745e-7,0.0002247312,0.02481938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845724,0.0001199119,0.01462454,0.0002329519,0.00005108349,0.00005226315,0.000002112764,0.000008091666,0.0003367193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.927048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9210185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970112389","doi":"10.1063/1.5121669","title":"Polymer hollow fiber membranes for gas separation: A comparison between three commercial resins","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Membrane Separation and Gas Transport","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologies Environnementales; Collège Shawinigan","funders":"","keywords":"Polyetherimide; Membrane; Materials science; Permeance; Gas separation; Polymer; Permeation; Scanning electron microscope; Phase inversion; Hollow fiber membrane; Chemical engineering; Casting; Fiber; Composite material; Polymer chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0375196471310591,"gpt":0.2854446178087999,"spread":0.2479249706777408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000152008,0.0002708505,0.0004353781,0.0001022981,0.0001046353,0.0001400408,0.0002527075,0.0001753452,0.0008451812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009294991,0.000274858,0.000108822,0.000185462,0.00004396044,0.0004045999,0.00001383179,0.0002086213,0.0003990418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002956829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004724884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002093501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006567761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986525,0.000003750025,0.0004120497,0.0003073076,0.0002530741,0.0003713285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994056,0.00005262757,0.00007154942,0.0001431826,0.0001967312,0.0001303394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007960116,0.0002640692,0.7316063,0.0052604,0.0007616817,0.000003608702,0.0176589,0.0007098208,0.1294078,0.02139141,0.0600395,0.03210049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008284656,0.0009619548,0.1475211,0.0005588798,0.0005314961,0.00001866645,0.001086764,0.2063466,0.2023644,0.002416731,0.4267071,0.003201679],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9521254,0.0002265912,0.006045987,0.001239274,0.0003618185,0.001071193,0.00004957673,0.0005361766,0.03834395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967665,0.0000228479,0.0005133713,0.0001363204,0.0002657363,0.00008758888,0.0001014931,0.00004570689,0.002060454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5840852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1520014827","doi":"10.1063/1.1472828","title":"Interpretation of pulsed eddy current signals for locating and quantifying metal loss in thin skin lap splices","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Eddy current; Eddy-current testing; Materials science; Transient (computer programming); Calibration; Skin effect; Lift (data mining); Amplitude; Acoustics; SIGNAL (programming language); Current (fluid); Noise (video); Computer science; Optics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0552986781253569,"gpt":0.2981708834415695,"spread":0.2428722053162126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003274009,0.0001740134,0.0002636571,0.0001808318,0.0000330523,0.00006360551,0.0001623354,0.00006443917,0.00001277351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002836967,0.0001826973,0.00003284388,0.0002048605,0.00007086241,0.0004365296,0.00003520531,0.0001806596,0.00000128788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004429184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009123829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002878122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001090853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990591,0.000006612589,0.0003552217,0.0002350132,0.0001229072,0.000221096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994309,0.0001372253,0.0001272546,0.00005900809,0.0002071412,0.00003845468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004606697,0.0001143093,0.1320728,0.003947654,0.00007219761,0.000001181782,0.02245703,0.0000870029,0.7331563,0.02639778,0.00008786708,0.08155983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004860989,0.0001744351,0.004613371,0.001598818,0.00004025433,0.00001138969,0.0008191249,0.8463536,0.09473654,0.05069986,0.00002082533,0.0004456882],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.895228,0.0005560237,0.1023103,0.00003335209,0.00006074266,0.0004436428,0.000005195201,0.0002809167,0.001081841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9457785,0.00006633127,0.05400255,0.000005122292,0.00002232233,0.00009647172,0.000001797701,0.00002515473,0.00000170011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8462666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7450178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031605010","doi":"10.1063/1.4822240","title":"Concentrated photovoltaics system costs and learning curve analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Learning curve; Software deployment; Range (aeronautics); Photovoltaics; Point (geometry); Photovoltaic system; Computer science; Environmental science; Econometrics; Operations research; Economics; Engineering; Mathematics; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008409506476194761,"gpt":0.1924735241283549,"spread":0.1840640176521601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001248449,0.000170035,0.0002247608,0.0001480787,0.0001079807,0.0002964268,0.00009754123,0.0001030616,0.0001251697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003531008,0.0001737505,0.00003137471,0.0006328551,0.00004198309,0.0005975253,0.0000271903,0.0002577168,0.00007731256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001205823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001386681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001167558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005973382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991643,0.000006665219,0.0002079084,0.0002047708,0.0001409917,0.0002753632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994212,0.00002060488,0.00005964634,0.00005918749,0.0003296708,0.0001096642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007476756,0.00001351812,0.9150576,0.0003761486,0.0004811059,0.000001618903,0.00363231,0.005225537,0.0702268,0.0009166189,0.0005372398,0.003524017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001686646,0.00002280556,0.01486355,0.00005016272,0.0001078574,0.000003870207,0.002034283,0.9810267,0.001369207,0.000005968008,0.0001467586,0.0002001815],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701635,0.0001167513,0.01571986,0.0000138225,0.00007004581,0.0002917336,0.000001129072,0.0006539703,0.01296921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981765,0.0001565723,0.001404424,0.0000141346,0.00002551754,0.00005707494,0.0000190199,0.00002471085,0.0001220259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9758012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7085338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2315946505","doi":"10.1063/1.4940491","title":"Development of a low frequency shear horizontal piezoelectric transducer for the generation of plane SH waves","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation en Aérospatiale au Québec; McGill University","keywords":"Superposition principle; Acoustics; Piezoelectricity; Transducer; Guided wave testing; Multiphysics; Laser Doppler vibrometer; Finite element method; Ultrasonic sensor; Plane wave; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Structural engineering; Wavelength","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02260955299204226,"gpt":0.2122365344956249,"spread":0.1896269815035826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001540581,0.0001038928,0.0001296787,0.00004974862,0.00004751112,0.00001686713,0.0001184365,0.00005529236,0.00003196314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004393871,0.00006424987,0.0000315078,0.0000945581,0.00003104956,0.0001222944,0.000005423033,0.00004710602,0.000001800433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003791242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000751168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003650005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000525866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993194,0.000001386895,0.0002677278,0.00011701,0.0001369829,0.0001575288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996116,0.00004721307,0.00006319736,0.00004626608,0.000205494,0.00002619524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000709275,0.00001342242,0.0001550157,0.0001240885,0.00002897024,3.080479e-8,0.001185644,0.000004158481,0.9275636,0.00211886,0.00005632898,0.0687428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005018038,0.0001592691,0.001197999,0.0001699944,0.00003983633,0.000003023857,0.0002091967,0.1096669,0.8866867,0.0009490681,0.000216737,0.0001993984],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5582897,0.00008701894,0.4409818,0.00008200948,0.00007332097,0.0002463849,0.0000139866,0.00002900188,0.0001967834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901437,0.0000915237,0.009590752,0.000004826833,0.00006525121,0.00006239246,0.000005963124,0.00001456725,0.00002103295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.431854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2620034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321387803","doi":"10.1063/1.4940537","title":"Use of the Hugoniot elastic limit in laser shockwave experiments to relate velocity measurements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Nuclear Materials and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear engineering; Cladding (metalworking); Materials science; Survivability; Laser; Enriched uranium; Nuclear fuel; Shock (circulatory); Uranium; Benchmark (surveying); Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Metallurgy; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1128831086390281,"gpt":0.2623564577706115,"spread":0.1494733491315834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003890102,0.0001690952,0.0002324344,0.00005634932,0.00008279688,0.0001433107,0.0004187593,0.0000779475,0.0006165012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004276647,0.00009177574,0.00003726467,0.0001404479,0.0001228254,0.0004728523,0.0003047355,0.00006147083,0.0002361651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008476579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006633913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001427305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002137722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985703,0.00003335745,0.0003567228,0.0003292108,0.0003779946,0.0003323907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992937,0.00003319363,0.0001453608,0.0001744194,0.00027096,0.0000824049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001306254,0.00003988973,0.01648156,0.00002445417,0.000004819753,3.354036e-7,0.001511695,7.012218e-7,0.9806899,0.000273554,0.0003616353,0.0004808259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003135548,0.0001163258,0.03790467,0.0004930671,0.00000914352,0.000001561829,0.0001166317,0.00003181693,0.959203,0.0004298896,0.001204949,0.000175398],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997794,0.00001028461,0.00004316469,0.0008153075,0.0003722438,0.000307008,0.00001147719,0.00003437585,0.0006121159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985254,0.00001101656,0.0005375242,0.0002373149,0.00002913401,0.00003798624,1.583872e-7,0.00001913009,0.0006023616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02148691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6750256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993822597","doi":"10.1063/1.3579561","title":"Low Background Counting At SNOLAB","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Snolab","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04392864322638799,"gpt":0.2677585608025587,"spread":0.2238299175761707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001266029,0.0002123875,0.0002108329,0.00004837814,0.0002448871,0.000127488,0.0003647528,0.00004220193,0.005031889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000672908,0.0001965497,0.00009142797,0.0001673167,0.0001624467,0.0004765731,0.0002635555,0.0002911859,0.0009339298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004718064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009162287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001445459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001301463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985527,0.000006342573,0.0002110415,0.0003861216,0.0002575295,0.0005862692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992742,0.00002513617,0.0001129321,0.0001187504,0.0002795353,0.0001894492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001126004,0.0004249167,0.6917632,0.00003422409,0.000115868,0.000002314086,0.002706229,1.118125e-7,0.03397165,0.1825362,0.001642678,0.08668996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00447071,0.00140001,0.2698736,0.0007033198,0.0001941446,0.000007712927,0.02783285,0.01207169,0.6099762,0.04845017,0.02158595,0.003433645],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8244516,0.000004541055,0.02910603,0.0000721594,0.00005620917,0.000173913,0.00001065921,0.00005512528,0.1460698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995945,8.643892e-7,0.001078934,0.00003020757,0.0002923387,0.00005104915,0.00001054255,0.00002124371,0.002569834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5760046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1649797267","doi":"10.1063/1.3169292","title":"The Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (OMTIs) for network measurements of aurora and airglow","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Airglow; Thermosphere; Ionosphere; Substorm; Physics; Geophysics; Plasmasphere; Earth's magnetic field; Atmospheric sciences; Satellite; Astronomy; Magnetosphere; Plasma; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01427843297781845,"gpt":0.2358662350919764,"spread":0.221587802114158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002920226,0.0002433783,0.000280552,0.000004185184,0.0002951582,0.0001736281,0.0003105204,0.00007131659,0.0001416929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002472527,0.0001830667,0.0001064334,0.0001337813,0.0001568149,0.0002282394,0.00005241945,0.0001639024,0.000004829807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000169366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009927656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003811869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009243514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986376,0.000007963804,0.0003332687,0.0003145826,0.0002200233,0.0004865208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990159,0.00007627726,0.000199583,0.0001386793,0.0004573716,0.0001122238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003127949,0.0001713955,0.1002619,0.00006154186,0.0002084693,4.279936e-7,0.0007476078,0.00002126661,0.007418576,0.3669737,0.009731336,0.514091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01110439,0.00503636,0.1028383,0.0008700275,0.001058774,0.00001469958,0.01862391,0.08818024,0.0110563,0.7071587,0.0503134,0.003744909],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6398791,0.001153129,0.06006886,0.004355066,0.0005176838,0.002663442,0.00003378739,0.0001835728,0.2911454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909567,0.00001893402,0.007694026,0.0001205617,0.0002090533,0.00004875966,0.000007073855,0.00002075468,0.0009241287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5103461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7465245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085469707","doi":"10.1063/1.3701903","title":"The incidence of magnetic fields in massive stars: An overview of the MiMeS survey component","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetic field; Stars; Zeeman effect; Component (thermodynamics); Stellar classification; Rotation (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05011424713679389,"gpt":0.2872487498477004,"spread":0.2371345027109066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002968321,0.00009311795,0.0001677702,0.0000170778,0.00008977297,0.00002464312,0.0002633022,0.0000177944,0.00003981201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000154605,0.00005483431,0.00004395391,0.0001484432,0.000132032,0.0002401457,0.00013297,0.0001087785,0.000002174652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008172033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004033623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000812624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004963552,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992785,0.000027223,0.0002620025,0.00007915324,0.0001743104,0.0001788377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992902,0.00007596614,0.0002273275,0.0001053735,0.0002711772,0.00003001179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001258279,0.00007461701,0.9090804,0.00002266125,0.00001540641,8.609558e-9,0.004936979,0.000001909006,0.0005168954,0.08156127,0.0001209474,0.003656292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001527991,0.00006894021,0.9870127,0.00007485456,0.00001052729,7.567935e-8,0.004826749,0.001104452,0.0009304883,0.00553084,0.000204856,0.00008271209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977924,0.0003052995,0.0004437419,0.0001454828,0.00005718383,0.0001508195,0.00002437414,0.000002675968,0.001077974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997689,0.00004130089,0.00008618489,0.00001526123,0.00002519166,0.00001629731,0.000003037487,0.00000381596,0.00004003596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07793228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2236078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1652455330","doi":"10.1063/1.2263484","title":"Critical Conditions for Ignition of Aluminum Particles in Cylindrical Explosive Charges","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Energetic Materials and Combustion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Nitromethane; Explosive material; Ignition system; Detonation; Aluminium; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Atomic physics; Composite material; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02142666436782365,"gpt":0.2484133719484577,"spread":0.2269867075806341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007168733,0.00008589542,0.0001430272,0.00005912898,0.00002619684,0.00003303318,0.00005770776,0.00006561207,0.00006747379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007931853,0.00008926362,0.00002716438,0.0000786323,0.00005563257,0.0001708289,0.000009118283,0.00004620177,0.000004641728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001886217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001077034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000127645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000696189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993917,0.000003099716,0.0002347832,0.0001110892,0.0000807179,0.0001786025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996791,0.00005143879,0.00002469205,0.0000317147,0.0001833635,0.00002965322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001414164,0.00008600971,0.002585283,0.0002615398,0.000004985971,6.057241e-7,0.0002724266,0.00006850736,0.765492,0.2302464,0.0006185885,0.0003494756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005324899,0.0001238873,0.01294023,0.0002046713,0.00002960854,0.000004023652,0.0006339035,0.1113761,0.7465187,0.1272492,0.000145916,0.0002413816],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990473,0.00003035609,0.007589064,0.000256203,0.0001001698,0.0001541469,0.00002835792,0.00008036577,0.001288279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984207,0.00001746457,0.001212977,0.00001347161,0.0000768723,0.0002126649,0.00002369485,0.00001167141,0.00001054394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1113076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3640065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W823185277","doi":"10.1063/1.4918391","title":"Improvement of PET surface hydrophilicity and roughness through blending","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Polyethylene terephthalate; Materials science; Surface roughness; Polymer; Polystyrene; Polyethylene glycol; PEG ratio; Surface modification; Composite material; Adhesion; Surface tension; Polyethylene; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05250564630709614,"gpt":0.274685709427583,"spread":0.2221800631204868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006194203,0.0001949016,0.0003142194,0.0000328603,0.00010188,0.0001262626,0.0002944591,0.00005963813,0.0001475532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001357555,0.0001746851,0.00003243735,0.000182617,0.0002438128,0.0006356403,0.0001807288,0.0001128323,0.00004394525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006541533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001219372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004876957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006353538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984716,0.00001407899,0.0003588113,0.0004439536,0.0004012718,0.000310353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989617,0.00003254413,0.0001827436,0.000157884,0.0005048972,0.0001601842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003782321,0.00006195141,0.01236991,0.00006208683,0.000005101805,0.000001207782,0.004779637,0.000008416728,0.9781184,0.004242157,0.0001883511,0.0001250004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008957065,0.0002957828,0.00182879,0.00007059416,0.00002668726,0.00002576636,0.005447446,0.0104535,0.9734805,0.006209096,0.0008739384,0.0003921626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933141,0.00006757478,0.001387214,0.0005344752,0.0001759455,0.0002483751,0.00001583803,0.00009498698,0.004161523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997341,0.00003969995,0.002226663,0.0001174566,0.00002684398,0.00001271838,0.000003010524,0.00001446166,0.0002181169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01054112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7123452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1623810827","doi":"10.1063/1.1581623","title":"Grad’s Moment Equations for Microscale Flows","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Micro and Nano Robotics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Computer science; Information retrieval; Download; Microscale chemistry; Search engine optimization; World Wide Web; Moment (physics); Search engine; Mathematics; Physics; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02760311935073532,"gpt":0.2597927840677713,"spread":0.232189664717036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001119108,0.0001362447,0.0001439473,0.00004083621,0.000163923,0.0001053843,0.0001222141,0.00003496435,0.0003307985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001386093,0.000130856,0.00007497873,0.0001046399,0.00002827474,0.0001279362,0.00001953572,0.00007824606,0.0000516432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000214656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008992993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001567631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001376199,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992276,0.000003210834,0.0001789233,0.0002253674,0.00008071379,0.0002842022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995156,0.00002910197,0.0000737491,0.00007180753,0.000228202,0.00008157232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006725932,0.0001431756,0.01655832,0.00002895603,0.00003688637,5.802244e-8,0.0009468926,0.000003273196,0.09297033,0.8815652,0.005273193,0.002466983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004149814,0.0004697348,0.00107815,0.0001686148,0.0002660247,0.000003643969,0.004937413,0.03242721,0.1916459,0.2894416,0.4737245,0.001687427],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1174213,0.00003877474,0.853807,0.0006349329,0.0002428593,0.0006921673,0.00005322773,0.00005487003,0.02705484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885804,0.000002767322,0.008153736,0.00006769438,0.00009338442,0.0001234089,0.00002019748,0.00001515676,0.002943242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8711591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5336151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999673118","doi":"10.1063/1.5142957","title":"Evaluation of electro-spun polymeric nanofibers for sound absorption applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nanofiber; Composite material; Polyvinyl alcohol; Absorption (acoustics); Carbon nanotube; Noise reduction coefficient; Soundproofing; Electrospinning; Polystyrene; Sound transmission class; Polymer; Acoustics; Porosity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04766404167582843,"gpt":0.2700542630967826,"spread":0.2223902214209542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001882635,0.0001131694,0.0001534267,0.00003729895,0.00004421588,0.00003349799,0.000103156,0.00005285022,0.00003712158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007714995,0.0001216003,0.00003344088,0.0001672953,0.00002831371,0.0001860502,0.000009306346,0.00004174597,0.000008916382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004236901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000325406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003589512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.836804e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992393,0.000004543772,0.0002127177,0.0001649968,0.0002095129,0.0001688869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993622,0.00002023108,0.0000751479,0.0000485176,0.0004338161,0.00006008978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001075193,0.000006355502,0.00008724761,0.0001281559,0.00002286374,1.216377e-8,0.0004824553,0.001042501,0.9855413,0.004252104,0.0001221686,0.008304127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008447674,0.0001870543,0.0004492227,0.00004579733,0.0002348174,0.000003249621,0.0004782758,0.4004071,0.569442,0.02365878,0.003828396,0.0004204784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4857322,0.0002063113,0.5063371,0.0002018307,0.0001034214,0.0008109775,0.00002026438,0.0004442848,0.00614362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956411,0.00002949702,0.003785431,0.00004684202,0.000115703,0.0003198886,0.00001904767,0.00002485675,0.00001770669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5099088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4958717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1612349904","doi":"10.1063/1.2359334","title":"The interstellar boundary explorer (IBEX): Update at the end of phase B","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; Kennedy Space Center; University of Chicago; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Earth's orbit; Spacecraft; Orbit (dynamics); Heliosphere; Interplanetary spaceflight; Aerospace engineering; Astronomy; Solar wind; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009142105171955883,"gpt":0.2280735825468492,"spread":0.2189314773748934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001753787,0.000183676,0.0001671871,0.00001031141,0.0003889085,0.0001896302,0.0004110688,0.00003795882,0.001208951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004682616,0.0001095908,0.0001060115,0.0001227246,0.0004245411,0.0001950874,0.0001790413,0.0001718231,0.00007547079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002886291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000861496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002203239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004961421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989661,0.000009286794,0.0003020098,0.0002203349,0.0001919077,0.0003103643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992979,0.00005380683,0.0002114707,0.000176347,0.0002198884,0.00004059635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002907188,0.0004847075,0.04864798,0.00005681849,0.0002189843,0.000001875363,0.003661606,0.000005774671,0.02646465,0.6257911,0.08263189,0.2117439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002228634,0.0003895416,0.001438843,0.00007850387,0.0001649194,0.000006462733,0.009982532,0.01025935,0.02310132,0.1041169,0.8475688,0.000664263],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9053357,0.0002154914,0.003565322,0.001574049,0.0002137317,0.0003018892,0.00003136423,0.00003435587,0.08872814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952914,0.00002383005,0.00009423268,0.00008563854,0.000202596,0.00003850571,0.0000337946,0.00001874986,0.004211321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7649369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113605959","doi":"10.1063/1.2713456","title":"Conditional Density Operators and the Subjectivity of Quantum Operations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Unitary state; Conditional probability; Quantum; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Formalism (music); Quantum probability; Quantum operation; Isomorphism (crystallography); Markov process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01450656022649703,"gpt":0.2544633344031884,"spread":0.2399567741766914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004260866,0.00008591329,0.0001331427,0.00002779439,0.0002386726,0.00006187777,0.0001074226,0.00002455592,0.00008526578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001271427,0.00006229716,0.00003579358,0.0001219448,0.0001848368,0.0001296694,0.0000504292,0.000114202,0.000005723971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006461377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005784894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002644304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001097982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99943,0.00000546778,0.0001712281,0.0001546946,0.0001080575,0.0001305381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994517,0.00006079925,0.00005878446,0.00006619243,0.0003117044,0.00005083772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001177871,0.00003716759,0.01751017,0.000003499777,0.00001544983,3.334888e-8,0.0004160292,2.437777e-7,0.007656483,0.9739536,0.00007263004,0.0003229164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001204248,0.00005386868,0.0426137,0.00002277585,0.00005488626,0.000004003442,0.003426507,0.06034213,0.02189996,0.8695574,0.000586772,0.0002337729],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7786569,0.000006769728,0.2188975,0.0005793453,0.00002135069,0.0001846433,0.00001853104,0.00001033553,0.001624625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996248,0.000002865167,0.0001554673,0.000059201,0.00007823141,0.00003127877,0.00001109137,0.00000525406,0.00003174733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2209679,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2540405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}