{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":82,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":82,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"6491f115665c","filters":{"venue":"Actuators"}},"results":[{"id":"W2883054411","doi":"10.3390/act7030040","title":"Sleeved Bending Actuators for Soft Grippers: A Durable Solution for High Force-to-Weight Applications","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Grippers; Actuator; Durability; Bending; Soft robotics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science; Composite material; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01190900097803904,"gpt":0.2423208659820256,"spread":0.2304118650039866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001316321,0.0002212705,0.0002043332,0.0001500532,0.0004516923,0.00006379584,0.0002614523,0.0001300022,0.00004234244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006961689,0.0002304255,0.0001121338,0.0003573428,0.00004547474,0.0001493039,0.00003070889,0.00007527948,0.0001123426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001580107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003139173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001705699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003572452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987627,0.000004204665,0.0002899214,0.0003285767,0.0001181473,0.0004964612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989992,0.0002339639,0.00005536257,0.0003903553,0.0001369182,0.0001842205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001880543,0.0003812121,0.001064296,0.0006412467,0.0009234993,5.088875e-7,0.003739713,0.008439652,0.07313685,0.265524,0.1841717,0.4617893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002232644,0.0004157812,0.001207014,0.00009426186,0.000360109,0.000005863835,0.0004025558,0.2572227,0.07030966,0.05620998,0.6098633,0.00167614],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02253564,0.00002501132,0.9738093,0.000441448,0.0003913712,0.001872865,0.0001146123,0.0004660348,0.0003436862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9283248,0.00001047622,0.06667958,0.0001583019,0.0007660849,0.003584833,0.0001290257,0.0000918864,0.0002549917],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9071298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9396478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214545748","doi":"10.3390/act11030067","title":"Remaining Useful Life Prediction of an Aircraft Turbofan Engine Using Deep Layer Recurrent Neural Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbofan; Prognostics; Artificial neural network; Perceptron; Mean squared error; Multilayer perceptron; Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model; Computer science; Recurrent neural network; Cascade; Range (aeronautics); Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Machine learning; Data mining; Automotive engineering; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01870601865604508,"gpt":0.2586147832932766,"spread":0.2399087646372315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003135267,0.0002120579,0.0002518004,0.0002054661,0.0001215329,0.00002005566,0.0002441578,0.00007582866,0.0001486764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007805554,0.00023888,0.00008427362,0.0003642568,0.00002006405,0.0002406616,0.0001155586,0.0004748671,5.447096e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001659851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001589242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004664527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001034553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986953,0.00009135338,0.0003829134,0.0002326534,0.0002911609,0.0003066004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993097,0.00007933009,0.00008498987,0.0003556649,0.0000296113,0.000140715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001571832,0.00008252959,0.01856483,0.00004066426,0.00006186701,0.000009279362,0.0007599923,0.9476984,0.0007142302,0.00002881049,0.0008212668,0.03120243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001875289,0.0001516943,0.0054995,0.00001953149,0.00003770966,0.00001329733,0.0001007674,0.9912236,0.001467739,0.00002874238,0.001078985,0.0001909454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641915,0.0002393392,0.03354284,0.00002407036,0.0007689137,0.0002415498,0.00002841008,0.0008736161,0.00008975788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962087,0.00003055882,0.003277777,0.00006768851,0.0002016015,0.00006466181,0.00006884242,0.00007886264,0.000001273584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04352518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9741242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589840366","doi":"10.3390/act6010010","title":"Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Pump-Controlled Circuit for Single Rod Actuators","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bandwidth throttling; Electronic circuit; Actuator; Compensation (psychology); Flow control valve; Check valve; Hydraulic circuit; Flow control (data); Engineering; Computer science; Control valves; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Control engineering; Control theory (sociology); Electrical engineering; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07700459458938978,"gpt":0.3173469234318446,"spread":0.2403423288424548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001158452,0.0001247327,0.0002851044,0.0000677748,0.0001300955,0.00007401911,0.0001191984,0.00006379267,0.00005226267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001909704,0.000113433,0.00005651192,0.00002724403,0.00002530025,0.000228948,0.00001171611,0.00003046103,0.000004337514],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000662727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004237255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004696795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002335592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990835,0.00005199434,0.0003247442,0.0001249287,0.0002526213,0.0001622696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991702,0.0001959248,0.0001938516,0.000288001,0.00009925523,0.00005276451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001011826,0.00006182819,0.00240949,0.0003783487,0.0007324468,8.534504e-7,0.008820942,0.00316323,0.02703968,0.0008840915,0.0009499845,0.9554579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03748414,0.0006610888,0.0110339,0.0002852994,0.001605763,0.00002580775,0.005625764,0.7993578,0.1259688,0.01541605,0.001370275,0.001165279],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7342294,0.00009728959,0.2617744,0.00003038265,0.0003909324,0.001635805,0.000009157961,0.00005480932,0.001777742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990775,0.00000887347,0.0005505934,0.000007608112,0.00006912401,0.0002420461,0.000008574024,0.00002475433,0.00001092235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9542927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4625664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962888844","doi":"10.3390/act8030056","title":"Position Control of Pneumatic Actuators Using Three-Mode Discrete-Valued Model Predictive Control","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Mean squared error; Actuator; Pneumatic actuator; Robustness (evolution); Approximation error; Sliding mode control; Overshoot (microwave communication); Root mean square; Solenoid valve; Mathematics; Model predictive control; Computer science; Algorithm; Engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Nonlinear system; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007427789960044539,"gpt":0.2268872372895122,"spread":0.2194594473294677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000256456,0.0003210131,0.00068079,0.0001507126,0.00005448968,0.00002764321,0.0002282217,0.0001902826,0.00007052163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000482186,0.0002858212,0.0001824156,0.0001661433,0.00005076431,0.0003167891,0.00001699171,0.000182788,0.00007241434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001816327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006848083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009902129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000854972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982515,0.00006693556,0.0006282373,0.0002439778,0.000419222,0.000390131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989349,0.0001950839,0.0001954669,0.0004586012,0.00007023798,0.0001457416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007022794,0.00002929562,0.004506613,0.0003177825,0.0004870322,0.00000182012,0.00164627,0.9817236,0.008958215,0.0008991574,0.00006563769,0.001294361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00165508,0.00008560611,0.0004846519,0.0002406735,0.0001605874,0.000008798051,0.0001957263,0.9951882,0.0006568772,0.001038873,0.000006344872,0.0002785974],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4588893,0.00004521766,0.539187,0.00001102197,0.0002689659,0.0005729375,0.00007347055,0.0001287661,0.0008233165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988348,0.000004927072,0.0008980779,0.00005158635,0.00006564669,0.0000383991,0.00001332494,0.00007732968,0.00001588487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5399455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985114722","doi":"10.3390/act8040076","title":"Pneumatic Hyperelastic Actuators for Grasping Curved Organic Objects","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vineland Research and Innovation Centre; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Actuator; Grippers; Pneumatic actuator; Hyperelastic material; Soft robotics; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Polydimethylsiloxane; Contact force; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Artificial intelligence; Finite element method; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005039442050520261,"gpt":0.1862518623133688,"spread":0.1812124202628485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007288693,0.0001792265,0.000203695,0.0000859174,0.0000713869,0.0000413782,0.0001843712,0.00008518915,0.0001501097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008630828,0.0001764076,0.00008227905,0.0002414611,0.00001411913,0.00009599336,0.00002326172,0.0001153376,0.0005538203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007309815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002796552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003407672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005963579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991729,0.000006002593,0.0002138184,0.0001916712,0.0001122468,0.0003033395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992005,0.0002974788,0.0000375992,0.0003272038,0.00003992091,0.00009726233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008824629,0.001013967,0.07347684,0.006612883,0.0034607,0.00001546872,0.01482942,0.2028838,0.3713568,0.1015072,0.03624751,0.1885072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00469964,0.0004958996,0.02261114,0.0005730623,0.0005698915,0.00004181466,0.002365986,0.8741116,0.04701515,0.02310036,0.02058416,0.003831295],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8621712,0.00005159822,0.1355955,0.00003437221,0.0006442039,0.0005108368,0.000004398675,0.0004012871,0.0005866486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972537,0.00001814807,0.002322907,0.00005168738,0.00006626165,0.00008606863,0.00001850808,0.00008145425,0.0001013267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6712278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7193695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319921218","doi":"10.3390/act12020072","title":"Origami-Inspired Soft Pneumatic Actuators: Generalization and Design Optimization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Actuator; Lift (data mining); Robot; Computer science; Soft robotics; Control theory (sociology); Work (physics); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01897809369251822,"gpt":0.2248091364626043,"spread":0.2058310427700861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001013297,0.0001310248,0.0001158279,0.000130688,0.0001046494,0.00006156528,0.00008234981,0.00007532238,0.00003471846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005182319,0.0001338388,0.0000227876,0.0005209342,0.00002061375,0.0001350289,0.00002036005,0.00005399489,0.00008964154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003713532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001455872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005432534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001218178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993573,0.00001435119,0.0001788706,0.000150541,0.0001133915,0.0001855876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995859,0.00009639839,0.00002954707,0.0001816064,0.00002698977,0.00007952577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.098451e-7,0.000006706299,0.0002286358,0.00002744185,0.00002379916,8.589254e-7,0.000338864,0.9794551,0.0003755078,0.0009714814,0.002385143,0.01618569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001354878,0.00001316438,0.000495435,0.00001390262,0.00002037332,0.00000168812,0.00004445966,0.9966711,0.0006941377,0.001000945,0.0007460833,0.0001631726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05495191,0.00003621092,0.9434729,0.00008390241,0.0001527789,0.0002441239,0.00000375452,0.0009191969,0.0001352173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.973961,0.0002347882,0.02538034,0.0000492685,0.00007349584,0.00008611921,0.00007822435,0.00005980176,0.00007698698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9190091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5457786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795029742","doi":"10.3390/act7020013","title":"A Pump-Controlled Circuit for Single-Rod Cylinders that Incorporates Limited Throttling Compensating Valves","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bandwidth throttling; Hydraulic circuit; Electronic circuit; Hydraulic machinery; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05413189022738993,"gpt":0.2401848610477104,"spread":0.1860529708203204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004473992,0.0002914906,0.0005652865,0.0001421203,0.000202696,0.0001324886,0.0002196744,0.000156598,0.00005801104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002800293,0.0002591117,0.000188166,0.0002078986,0.00008429203,0.0002051679,0.00002379206,0.000119151,0.00008684867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009024922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003925176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000360372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003603903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985405,0.00004715252,0.0004842599,0.0002544607,0.0002233233,0.0004503607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986687,0.0006275004,0.0001737545,0.0003149262,0.00009157608,0.0001235265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001458551,0.001192723,0.08734303,0.006460626,0.01466874,0.0001155219,0.1986923,0.04838595,0.2816193,0.02920923,0.0164721,0.314382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01301415,0.0006253607,0.001167998,0.0009329165,0.0003868078,0.0000775413,0.008010251,0.904947,0.0537694,0.01078088,0.004338844,0.001948839],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.806446,0.0001789808,0.1717648,0.00008079858,0.001677659,0.001396078,0.0000113927,0.0008659575,0.01757844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99709,0.00000564113,0.001937492,0.000123142,0.0005658221,0.0001207258,0.00001812124,0.00008943381,0.0000496434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8565611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4284960607","doi":"10.3390/act11070187","title":"PVDF Energy Harvester for Prolonging the Battery Life of Cardiac Pacemakers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Cantilever; Voltage; Energy harvesting; Power (physics); Piezoelectricity; Battery (electricity); Displacement (psychology); Energy (signal processing); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01131953936199768,"gpt":0.1956001707311074,"spread":0.1842806313691098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002841766,0.0001371622,0.0001827578,0.0001268189,0.0001540628,0.00002297124,0.0002907059,0.00004387536,0.00001844074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002021528,0.0001123992,0.0000839385,0.0003710131,0.0000776899,0.000130045,0.0001573776,0.0001694247,8.28565e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006674002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002962912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001790103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002055008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992105,0.00003577934,0.0002070383,0.0001395454,0.0001557058,0.0002514069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993051,0.0002362853,0.00006700611,0.0003355073,0.00003587287,0.00002021069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000136513,0.000129064,0.02014887,0.0005159224,0.00236561,0.00001425935,0.004760382,0.2258204,0.031525,0.2362662,0.2413196,0.2369982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007035966,0.0003340359,0.006847491,0.00005455944,0.0001100419,0.00001129136,0.004886067,0.03366712,0.1534289,0.005387457,0.7934595,0.001109974],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541918,0.0003609681,0.03999498,0.001236108,0.001568684,0.0003612822,0.00007733262,0.001052004,0.001156841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997595,0.000007872426,0.001413323,0.0002163823,0.00006104644,0.0003984553,0.00001255491,0.00004827598,0.0002471392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5521399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4583505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365448660","doi":"10.3390/act12040172","title":"A Modular Soft Gripper with Combined Pneu-Net Actuators","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Actuator; Modular design; Lift (data mining); Grippers; Bending; Mechanical engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Soft robotics; GRASP; Pneumatic actuator; Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00679678172783995,"gpt":0.1922046225612402,"spread":0.1854078408334002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006512417,0.0001841789,0.0001631143,0.0001190796,0.00009179267,0.00004217843,0.000185676,0.00007717746,0.00007246193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001774593,0.0001595031,0.00004940306,0.0006329454,0.0000365723,0.00008719134,0.00003268404,0.0001419147,0.0006332873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003700171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002069823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001082408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000905725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991311,0.0000062242,0.0001505614,0.0001969491,0.0001840562,0.0003311457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993901,0.00006193884,0.00002143939,0.0003710077,0.00002634957,0.0001292013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008968157,0.0004465255,0.04491067,0.000458573,0.0017529,0.0002006855,0.007184717,0.5133957,0.02322344,0.0489191,0.1785381,0.1808799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003406361,0.0004151607,0.09645005,0.0001549189,0.0002920898,0.00003736116,0.00124056,0.6655712,0.01141065,0.01250026,0.2055911,0.002930318],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9717107,0.00002207409,0.0242877,0.0003332687,0.0002348069,0.0002776086,0.00001612237,0.001758105,0.001359649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998433,0.00002981653,0.0009285367,0.0000863184,0.00007063591,0.00008890816,0.00005069603,0.00007682947,0.0002352528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1779496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8139838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904625613","doi":"10.3390/act7040089","title":"Adaptive Control Design and Stability Analysis of Robotic Manipulators","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); PID controller; Adaptive control; Lyapunov function; Control engineering; Control system; Lyapunov stability; Controller (irrigation); Trajectory; Stability (learning theory); Robot; Motion control; Computer science; Control (management); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Temperature control; Nonlinear system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03208040320616014,"gpt":0.2325085277969807,"spread":0.2004281245908205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002086909,0.0001020818,0.0002487506,0.0001836335,0.00004150684,0.00001166248,0.0000566011,0.00005252088,0.0002523063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005076472,0.00009764955,0.00005846697,0.0004458794,0.00007080633,0.00008912989,0.000009468843,0.00007098513,0.00001050818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003134389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007313134,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002323778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001593986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993773,0.00006092326,0.0001926494,0.0001304968,0.0001042393,0.0001344442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995306,0.0001530526,0.00004213235,0.0001621454,0.00004845961,0.00006361809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002737848,0.00001337105,0.04792957,0.00001414809,0.0009931765,8.635812e-7,0.001303685,0.9448009,0.0006500424,0.000753669,0.00006099903,0.003452234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001617001,0.00004799681,0.1037761,0.000003852451,0.0003281389,2.889406e-7,0.000128099,0.8946722,0.0007081649,0.00005910288,0.00001973401,0.00009462416],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3213851,0.00003441959,0.6780993,0.000006016588,0.00006196633,0.00009091221,3.457961e-7,0.00007328927,0.0002486316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973219,0.000003600403,0.002607472,0.00001821908,0.00002363496,0.000003224373,0.000001792761,0.00001426531,0.000005865165],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6759368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3982033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135665377","doi":"10.3390/act10030049","title":"Universal Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Uncertain Dynamics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Vector control; Flux linkage; Computer science; MATLAB; Control engineering; Synchronous motor; Control (management); Engineering; Induction motor; Direct torque control; Voltage","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002907211395652543,"gpt":0.1695518663633887,"spread":0.1666446549677362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005798137,0.0002165817,0.0003376133,0.0001179394,0.00003161355,0.0000162032,0.0001547048,0.00009250416,0.0001611293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003416478,0.0002054631,0.00007890077,0.0003038475,0.00005724495,0.00009403883,0.00001329842,0.0001680788,0.00001305593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003200701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001106296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000783202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000107399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989534,0.0000353949,0.0002254375,0.0002013933,0.0002462285,0.0003381172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992596,0.0001497682,0.00005576111,0.0003221017,0.0000973108,0.0001154734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009122647,0.0007737828,0.07467888,0.001142787,0.005217986,0.004118506,0.00388258,0.6053202,0.03204628,0.03411799,0.004604392,0.2331844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006596988,0.0006184222,0.01049707,0.0001204766,0.000457313,0.0001825995,0.001585767,0.9658048,0.009420788,0.0001652547,0.003410446,0.001140136],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.964861,0.0004352545,0.03017735,0.0001082909,0.0002313745,0.0002428716,0.00004065084,0.0002188301,0.003684404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989828,0.00004515644,0.0006479842,0.00004705139,0.00005013591,0.000007996883,0.00002426419,0.00005305582,0.0001415672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3604846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.837854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366189191","doi":"10.3390/act12040175","title":"Enhancing Seismic Resilience of Existing Reinforced Concrete Building Using Non-Linear Viscous Dampers: A Comparative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Damper; Building code; Structural engineering; Induced seismicity; Dissipation; Resilience (materials science); Displacement (psychology); Seismic analysis; Acceleration; Seismic loading; Earthquake engineering; Engineering; Civil engineering; Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04268247096330333,"gpt":0.3220781988526852,"spread":0.2793957278893818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003511099,0.000202536,0.0004150268,0.0003140457,0.0001425708,0.00002292895,0.0002143504,0.00005230565,0.0000109823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005760453,0.0002022252,0.00008600914,0.0011155,0.00005137408,0.0002958509,0.0000685269,0.0001753847,0.00003866025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000831264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000397582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001862809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005192264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998674,0.00002122831,0.0004546416,0.0002236621,0.0002637868,0.0003627016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993591,0.000133524,0.0001083178,0.0002745576,0.0000559547,0.00006849031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008515483,0.000001792368,0.0007886096,0.00005918008,0.0001381881,0.00001367135,0.0102773,0.7691513,0.219251,0.000006526001,0.00003924702,0.0002647488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002576679,0.00004961244,0.0001133648,0.0001295461,0.00005824758,0.000002425679,0.01451986,0.8863713,0.09826373,0.00000299189,0.00003718411,0.0001940418],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648652,0.00002049432,0.03435697,0.000002956991,0.0001368956,0.0001751273,0.00000381162,0.000193581,0.0002449594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982971,0.00001726306,0.001479235,0.0000207359,0.00008324608,0.0000089674,0.000007185346,0.00002831407,0.00005798413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1209872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8246505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902315414","doi":"10.3390/act7040083","title":"Application of a Nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener Estimator in the Development and Control of a Magnetorheological Fluid Haptic Device for Robotic Bone Biopsy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Hospital for Sick Children; California HIV/AIDS Research Program","keywords":"Magnetorheological fluid; Nonlinear system; Haptic technology; Estimator; Controller (irrigation); Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Simulation; Control engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Mathematics; Control (management); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0120274406362717,"gpt":0.2291274929814057,"spread":0.217100052345134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002871499,0.0001077636,0.0002342105,0.00006433265,0.00003747344,0.000007009826,0.0001079108,0.00008607365,0.00001170995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001333326,0.00006757587,0.00003335927,0.0001552978,0.0001256072,0.00004666629,0.00001366048,0.00004912622,0.000004441568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001336864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001878566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007374729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001448167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992179,0.00002439686,0.0003808393,0.0001270648,0.00009984687,0.000149898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994671,0.0002636921,0.00004847599,0.0001254928,0.00005937869,0.00003589466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001062827,0.0009287091,0.03917214,0.001279968,0.000557567,0.00001140534,0.007450162,0.02462834,0.6892607,0.06627734,0.0003564796,0.1690144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001429571,0.0002786948,0.01528958,0.00002342765,0.00004553324,0.000007424512,0.0001337747,0.9735201,0.007926719,0.0003282539,0.0008558566,0.0001610704],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4454191,0.0002057656,0.5537578,0.0001424806,0.00003744825,0.000343341,0.000002902003,0.0000227649,0.00006838733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767653,0.000004540088,0.02297804,0.0000912632,0.0000421491,0.00009886161,0.000006031279,0.000008138356,0.000005645009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9488918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2755664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390174820","doi":"10.3390/act13010008","title":"Cosserat Rod-Based Dynamic Modeling of a Hybrid-Actuated Soft Robot for Robot-Assisted Cardiac Ablation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Concordia University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Robot; Actuator; Control theory (sociology); Soft robotics; Equations of motion; Engineering; Control engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02058604768758768,"gpt":0.2543617775444899,"spread":0.2337757298569022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001423089,0.0001760228,0.0002582175,0.0001710842,0.00009668471,0.00003058358,0.0001335804,0.00006663486,0.000008918686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000553948,0.0001916344,0.0001455295,0.0004893675,0.00001845042,0.00007875684,0.0000157876,0.00008817548,0.00002632781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008706405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004531376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002423601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009519646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990326,0.00001031647,0.0003226171,0.000208009,0.0001492321,0.0002772166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992668,0.0001868417,0.00005540637,0.0003075269,0.0001080844,0.00007532757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005974009,0.00001424261,0.0001023581,0.00006127854,0.00005831227,4.328631e-7,0.0000421307,0.9799209,0.01233209,0.00008273398,0.0003097148,0.007069806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002780621,0.00001725497,0.001338441,0.00002723725,0.00005479809,3.756281e-7,0.00003896328,0.993259,0.00431157,0.0002937078,0.000185032,0.0001956052],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3549968,0.00003584392,0.643699,0.0000777262,0.0001996032,0.000363374,0.00006457727,0.0005242953,0.00003878115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991814,0.0000192421,0.007329195,0.00001633621,0.00003465375,0.0001789316,0.0005031384,0.00007425188,0.00003032081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6368171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7814624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405185751","doi":"10.3390/act13120507","title":"Beyond Human Touch: Integrating Soft Robotics with Environmental Interaction for Advanced Applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Soft robotics; Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Human–computer interaction; Computer science; Engineering; Cognitive science; Robot; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007289644381186154,"gpt":0.2421803184493508,"spread":0.2348906740681647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002372607,0.0001198341,0.00008214654,0.0000562744,0.0001148481,0.00006426263,0.00007935808,0.00003996162,0.00002467284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003115273,0.0001082192,0.00004089205,0.0001058382,0.00002393199,0.0001291786,0.00001135527,0.0001245945,0.00003279783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009676774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007610402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001526822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001008642,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994919,0.000002019771,0.0001383419,0.0001644129,0.00006619594,0.0001370809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996753,0.00009627648,0.00001691313,0.0001571924,0.000007203058,0.00004714384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001054771,0.0001458808,0.0006259171,0.0003131691,0.000319015,0.000002732343,0.001640252,0.317515,0.08713343,0.139154,0.003243793,0.4498963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009686414,0.0003425741,0.0006188293,0.0002776765,0.0003805941,0.00004484256,0.004027751,0.6767062,0.034566,0.02297954,0.2575042,0.001583167],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03677271,0.0001148122,0.9605699,0.00009958527,0.0001440489,0.0005240895,0.00003230126,0.0004451088,0.001297447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755566,0.00001358857,0.02348695,0.00002240025,0.0001211118,0.000521851,0.0001230843,0.00005050447,0.000103902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9387839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4413051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386371884","doi":"10.3390/act12090350","title":"A Self–Tuning Intelligent Controller for a Smart Actuation Mechanism of a Morphing Wing Based on Shape Memory Alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation en Aérospatiale au Québec","keywords":"Morphing; Actuator; Smart material; Wing; Shape-memory alloy; Flutter; Flight envelope; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Controller (irrigation); Aerospace engineering; Aeroelasticity; Mechanism (biology); Pneumatic actuator; Aerodynamics; Computer science; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01797413690602576,"gpt":0.2273469169711576,"spread":0.2093727800651319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003797818,0.0001745115,0.0002575079,0.0002492526,0.0001045376,0.00003066711,0.0001166118,0.0001004676,0.00006446659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002875875,0.0001754628,0.0001286393,0.0002436137,0.00001085104,0.0001488887,0.000015175,0.0001212511,0.00004080508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007250783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003546303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004786699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005055721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999,0.00002461245,0.0003173249,0.0001760063,0.0002203914,0.0002616774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989244,0.0007299255,0.00007354388,0.0001403716,0.00005897193,0.00007274239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004426115,0.0001708985,0.0001226219,0.0006874935,0.000722828,0.00001128935,0.008665629,0.8033131,0.08527721,0.0157399,0.001496784,0.0833496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001005393,0.0001092932,0.00006288588,0.00007091796,0.00005071063,3.287041e-7,0.0002721928,0.9833025,0.01417901,0.0004455966,0.0003436794,0.0001574386],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1323338,0.000008853205,0.8655315,0.0001596845,0.0003567552,0.0006273743,0.00001409142,0.0006376894,0.0003302855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966787,0.000007187593,0.002760686,0.000217334,0.00009745938,0.0001399129,0.00002455772,0.00004960646,0.00002457241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8643449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7155166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406760651","doi":"10.3390/act14020049","title":"A Study of the Stability of an Industrial Robot Servo System: PID Control Based on a Hybrid Sparrow Optimization Algorithm","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"PID controller; Stability (learning theory); Control engineering; Control theory (sociology); Servomechanism; Computer science; Robot; Servo control; Sparrow; Industrial robot; Engineering; Servo; Control (management); Artificial intelligence; Temperature control; Machine learning; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01711520512440921,"gpt":0.2212907156434845,"spread":0.2041755105190753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000502843,0.0001832986,0.0004568089,0.0001159533,0.00004380684,0.00001332178,0.0002839728,0.00008338543,0.000009680799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001834041,0.0001412521,0.0000891275,0.0003066592,0.00003470493,0.00008892781,0.0000230589,0.000177718,8.35287e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001759633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001032131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001429081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003191508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984705,0.0003214581,0.0005303695,0.0002023101,0.0003171041,0.0001582061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987926,0.00023638,0.0001660629,0.000608124,0.0001486835,0.00004817665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001309691,0.0003610871,0.005552089,0.0000962105,0.0001805273,0.000002762606,0.0001616899,0.9889755,0.00020144,0.00001047326,0.00004449478,0.004282782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003757579,0.0003154165,0.001828738,0.0001316666,0.0001119923,5.461645e-7,0.0008394398,0.9899018,0.002989452,0.00000122581,0.00001699509,0.0001050817],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7420388,0.00001757614,0.2550141,0.00002841315,0.0007564655,0.001706723,0.00008834766,0.0001244369,0.0002250443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999103,1.411687e-7,0.0007088894,0.0000155091,0.00009019626,0.00004890603,0.000005243562,0.00002385703,0.000004336397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.257064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5760093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202438242","doi":"10.3390/act10100246","title":"UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Analysis of DNA Retrieval for DNA Storage Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"DNA and Biological Computing","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"DNA; Biological system; Computer science; Process (computing); Biochemical engineering; Process engineering; Chemistry; Environmental science; Biology; Biochemistry; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01307530638614424,"gpt":0.2712437607519529,"spread":0.2581684543658087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001466795,0.00009800119,0.0002129273,0.0001415784,0.00006032633,0.00001243491,0.0001513105,0.0001153466,0.00004864834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002525552,0.00008449291,0.0002728001,0.001471049,0.00003965258,0.000001177718,0.00008566602,0.00004403716,0.000002404996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001420605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004995099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002338293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003681799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991856,0.00003005405,0.0002012665,0.0003165341,0.00009287339,0.0001736819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993277,0.00006310956,0.0001042842,0.0003024371,0.0001436551,0.00005883918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005310512,0.0001025119,0.00575659,0.00001813634,0.0007283583,0.000001740041,0.0000143699,0.00003177666,0.9858133,0.0003496281,0.0002622301,0.006868207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002787792,0.0002404128,0.01609342,0.000002440737,0.0004389271,0.000002030371,0.00006672705,0.0003057885,0.9573536,0.0001591268,0.02486674,0.0001920073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572673,0.0003882667,0.04159699,0.0000391395,0.00004349901,0.0001490356,0.00006025406,0.00001047454,0.0004449757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973875,0.0000778387,0.001720417,0.0001200356,0.0001222264,0.00001194596,0.0003958371,0.00000819087,0.000155986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04012016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3445521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966776690","doi":"10.3390/act8030059","title":"A Critical Analysis of Valve-Compensated Hydrostatic Actuators: Qualitative Investigation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Actuator; Hydraulic cylinder; Electronic circuit; Electro-hydraulic actuator; Transformer; Compensation (psychology); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Cylinder; Computer science; Control engineering; Control theory (sociology); Electrical engineering; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01470052277487695,"gpt":0.284378468843498,"spread":0.2696779460686211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004195211,0.0001779071,0.0005274447,0.0003568673,0.00002378174,0.00002295399,0.0001397881,0.0000985824,0.0004115194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000333887,0.0001647536,0.0002088758,0.001055669,0.00007635245,0.0001895044,0.00001447912,0.0001102871,0.0002682519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006399761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003126625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001237986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001356882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986205,0.0001564694,0.0005135142,0.0001792814,0.0003029041,0.0002273487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983191,0.001073197,0.00008158007,0.0003191398,0.00007959572,0.0001273746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005392624,0.0002357158,0.07838459,0.003407182,0.02208724,0.00001547988,0.7430834,0.07036374,0.0236021,0.03678397,0.004340324,0.01764233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007370014,0.0001698862,0.01954503,0.0003016263,0.001898394,0.00000401108,0.0190444,0.9460082,0.005900559,0.005104048,0.0004651564,0.0008216876],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799522,0.00004283676,0.01741864,0.00003606598,0.0002638036,0.0001966043,0.00002500343,0.0001474189,0.001917388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988985,0.000004104941,0.0009028197,0.00005074296,0.00001819281,0.00001449324,0.00005190994,0.00002798522,0.0000312535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8756444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6718457,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3109528166","doi":"10.3390/act9040130","title":"A Low-Cost Miniature Electrohydrostatic Actuator System","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Actuator; Hydraulic machinery; Electro-hydraulic actuator; Valve actuator; Linear actuator; Power (physics); Range (aeronautics); Automotive engineering; Pneumatic actuator; Computer science; Rotary actuator; Electric power system; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007298286361231594,"gpt":0.1863730950666976,"spread":0.179074808705466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001013314,0.0002480116,0.0003378073,0.00005165018,0.00006464777,0.00005128791,0.0002324053,0.0001340275,0.00008253607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008013399,0.0002225802,0.00009258281,0.0003340779,0.00001658273,0.0001096784,0.00001790229,0.0002624748,0.001075467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001064609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003614902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006590758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000177599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987903,0.00004313996,0.0003276078,0.0002095289,0.0002413242,0.0003880633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992558,0.0001145339,0.00005060818,0.0002460924,0.00002019809,0.00031281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002210621,0.0002340414,0.002459489,0.02138667,0.002953846,0.0009627269,0.1195771,0.01373339,0.1064225,0.007458643,0.5531806,0.17141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002206523,0.0002460553,0.000523184,0.0008003195,0.0002180193,0.0001698269,0.005212904,0.7628943,0.05118325,0.00006452795,0.1744078,0.002073267],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9203364,0.00034882,0.05921551,0.0006396283,0.001441057,0.001243887,0.00006379636,0.002941922,0.01376893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988419,0.00001134058,0.0003027704,0.0003508259,0.000310028,0.00005685721,0.00001811297,0.00007125882,0.00003694846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7491609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401483698","doi":"10.3390/act13080307","title":"A Robust Hꝏ-Based State Feedback Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Using Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Observers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Sliding mode control; Control engineering; Permanent magnet synchronous motor; Mode (computer interface); Fuzzy logic; Computer science; Adaptive control; Integral sliding mode; State observer; Magnet; Engineering; Control (management); Nonlinear system; Physics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0182653088342951,"gpt":0.216108100896224,"spread":0.1978427920619288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000144164,0.0004189599,0.0005386373,0.0003951986,0.00006616599,0.00008039361,0.0002542738,0.0001290934,0.00006932537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005312036,0.0004237856,0.0002477102,0.0004010665,0.00006126993,0.0002839292,0.00002138704,0.0003091905,0.00002799101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005473591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000130847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002276908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002361666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980404,0.00006804821,0.0004993472,0.0003966238,0.000375723,0.0006197946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989141,0.0004033594,0.00008616575,0.0003377412,0.00007433264,0.0001843068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001272293,0.00003946089,0.000388186,0.0003037014,0.0005415385,0.0001119011,0.0008579358,0.9300534,0.05890371,0.0004823609,0.0001851023,0.008005549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00104957,0.0001707847,0.0006006385,0.0002141584,0.0001861774,0.000007940232,0.0001607472,0.9903814,0.00657928,0.0001084077,0.0001226435,0.0004182316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.868031,0.00178136,0.1280024,0.00003929919,0.0006325125,0.0005837965,0.0001194177,0.0005204067,0.0002897651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959947,0.0000500178,0.003570904,0.00004159513,0.0001279935,0.00003073923,0.00001002073,0.0001363462,0.00003769168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1279637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202567610","doi":"10.3390/act10100257","title":"A Comparative Study of Four Parametric Hysteresis Models for Magnetorheological Dampers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Donghua University; Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","keywords":"Hysteresis; Damper; Parametric statistics; Viscoelasticity; Magnetorheological damper; Creep; Magnetorheological fluid; Nonlinear system; Parametric model; Structural engineering; System identification; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Data modeling; Control (management); Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05826107132417516,"gpt":0.2622397849853624,"spread":0.2039787136611872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008553323,0.0001290834,0.0003619959,0.00007235536,0.00004217934,0.00001578348,0.0001101127,0.00008224742,0.0001196575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009738041,0.00009895139,0.00008969841,0.0003164434,0.00002791919,0.00009582573,0.00002903468,0.00007732515,0.000006554977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001963065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001576514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004637312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001350778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991956,0.0000552508,0.0002651036,0.0001788131,0.0001305818,0.0001746081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992561,0.0003928792,0.00002623114,0.0001659796,0.00009328195,0.00006551975],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005197365,0.003183575,0.01272796,0.0003623099,0.002341859,0.000112571,0.01178073,0.8676488,0.01614044,0.04731854,0.0100348,0.02782862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003025179,0.001303118,0.008017767,0.00001404529,0.000136055,0.000006326764,0.004113611,0.9732391,0.004334674,0.004938161,0.0004539645,0.0004180347],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8976431,0.0002250111,0.1002943,0.00003070176,0.0001532306,0.0003407383,0.0000125964,0.00009720252,0.00120306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978104,0.00001480332,0.001887671,0.00003710858,0.00003345676,0.00007722204,0.000007063151,0.000009522226,0.000122725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1055902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.403512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057786746","doi":"10.3390/act3030162","title":"Design, Fabrication and Temperature Sensitivity Testing of a Miniature Piezoelectric-Based Sensor for Current Measurements","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Current sensor; Reliability (semiconductor); Electronic engineering; Electric power transmission; Sensitivity (control systems); Power transmission; Grid; Piezoelectricity; Electrical conductor; Piezoelectric sensor; Reliability engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Current (fluid)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0427102800156882,"gpt":0.2447176827761956,"spread":0.2020074027605074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000483556,0.0001582565,0.0001772006,0.0001479665,0.00005872496,0.00001663959,0.0000646086,0.0001128956,3.39207e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003133972,0.0001477722,0.00002125027,0.0004509761,0.00003794044,0.00006259957,0.00001339245,0.0001608769,4.549126e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004950941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002386647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002654418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001122898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992875,0.00005134421,0.0001716073,0.0001709217,0.0001287286,0.0001899126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988512,0.000568854,0.0000827219,0.0001767643,0.0002967237,0.00002368625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002133706,0.00004199388,0.006150061,0.0003260495,0.00005559616,4.900465e-7,0.0001095442,0.009411928,0.4418774,0.0002718891,0.001114351,0.5406194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005158827,0.0001370104,0.009324426,0.000150364,0.00003494053,0.000002692881,0.00001553412,0.311657,0.6768162,0.0004157719,0.0006142338,0.0003158866],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5816205,0.0000659311,0.4174653,0.00003633975,0.0001325686,0.0002369022,0.000005476684,0.0004094916,0.00002754884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8942105,0.00000158418,0.1056667,0.00001664503,0.00004221571,0.00002819497,0.000007169585,0.00002488916,0.000002086363],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5403035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6025977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138526957","doi":"10.3390/act10030064","title":"A Comprehensive Study on the Optimal Design of Magnetorheological Dampers for Improved Damping Capacity and Dynamical Adjustability","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","keywords":"Magnetorheological fluid; Damper; Control theory (sociology); Damping capacity; Yoke (aeronautics); Optimal design; Compressibility; Damping torque; Function (biology); Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mechanics; Vibration; Physics; Control (management); Simulation; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04352688706369404,"gpt":0.239830932052242,"spread":0.1963040449885479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001715572,0.0001390596,0.0002529795,0.00001817139,0.00008252707,0.00001843604,0.00009452018,0.00009015081,0.00006132648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003932883,0.00008591491,0.000063363,0.00008831453,0.0001327795,0.00004471706,0.00004326811,0.0001531795,9.877891e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002566712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001709058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004268398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000278772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991593,0.0001454065,0.00021971,0.000213823,0.00008316585,0.000178643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984181,0.001223364,0.00002160171,0.0001925168,0.00008560884,0.00005879762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001788976,0.002377003,0.01291414,0.0004507253,0.00158038,0.000036294,0.009364808,0.09786242,0.7948532,0.04373588,0.001038793,0.03399738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001688219,0.001416016,0.05103721,0.0000132944,0.00007896926,0.000006207804,0.00314706,0.9354808,0.00566995,0.0009980617,0.0001582874,0.0003059781],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8036898,0.00005997758,0.1953191,0.0002002816,0.00008984145,0.0005345847,0.00001565088,0.00005687882,0.00003394915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963199,0.000009928169,0.00343372,0.0001252587,0.00002642578,0.00006382164,0.000004040669,0.000009301531,0.000007563972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8376184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3503509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225147074","doi":"10.3390/act11050121","title":"Multidisciplinary Optimization for Weight Saving in a Variable Tapered Span-Morphing Wing Using Composite Materials—Application to the UAS-S4","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Morphing; Sizing; Multidisciplinary design optimization; Topology optimization; Wing; Aerodynamics; Finite element method; Minimum weight; Structural engineering; Aeroelasticity; MATLAB; Stiffness; Computer science; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Multidisciplinary approach; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007589362453183965,"gpt":0.2234302363263887,"spread":0.2158408738732047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003098135,0.0001661712,0.0001742147,0.0002355101,0.0003211082,0.00004159188,0.0002329488,0.00005657449,0.0002021769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003397647,0.0001761651,0.0000269822,0.0005287329,0.00001269022,0.0001603875,0.0001472088,0.0001336716,0.000004415423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003126748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001722218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000457972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006778473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.00004058732,0.0003025532,0.0002285561,0.0001189485,0.0002921224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995248,0.0001019156,0.00005586602,0.0002518983,0.00001950541,0.00004602189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001104991,0.00001159649,0.0002776585,0.00002397321,0.00001754816,8.318264e-7,0.0008385601,0.9685504,0.02954026,0.0003861191,0.00007176379,0.0002702272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002973507,0.00001198859,0.000339415,0.00002262924,0.00001727328,0.000009770195,0.0002398864,0.9954204,0.001874048,0.00003454663,0.001531142,0.000201569],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1959867,0.0000374634,0.8022586,0.0001010005,0.0005490222,0.000639192,0.00002659373,0.0002520089,0.0001493599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8111598,0.000003371479,0.1881205,0.00003858501,0.0001010004,0.0003790709,0.00005862381,0.0001065971,0.00003242249],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6151731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7183805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283123249","doi":"10.3390/act11060171","title":"Electromechanical Performance of Biocompatible Piezoelectric Thin-Films","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Energy harvesting; Materials science; Cantilever; Biocompatible material; Piezoelectricity; Finite element method; Smart material; Displacement (psychology); Transverse plane; Voltage; Acoustics; Composite material; Biomedical engineering; Energy (signal processing); Structural engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008385657538061933,"gpt":0.1919212736781189,"spread":0.183535616140057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001811773,0.0001199729,0.0001606595,0.000274872,0.0001008035,0.000005784381,0.0003587269,0.0000427423,0.0001661597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005554881,0.0001246429,0.00003334262,0.001304338,0.00003057646,0.00007774579,0.0001192007,0.0003634387,0.000008714972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009276676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002710755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008415605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.684446e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991814,0.00001787992,0.00020552,0.0001264591,0.0002041681,0.0002646061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996104,0.0000511841,0.00005076039,0.0002422384,0.00002802231,0.00001738181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007963989,0.0002865603,0.01007622,0.0002662738,0.0003911176,0.00002086484,0.0006188538,0.1024232,0.2917906,0.162757,0.02300045,0.4082893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003056348,0.0007297609,0.001185403,0.00001435571,0.00001291341,0.00002232435,0.0001627635,0.3813109,0.6102619,0.001417408,0.004171988,0.0004047373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947393,0.0000737926,0.002215793,0.00001919127,0.0001491108,0.00007389003,0.000003632598,0.0008215904,0.001903706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996418,0.00002100601,0.003384484,0.00002299144,0.00001170107,0.00004889769,0.000006743362,0.00003020898,0.00005597242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4078846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5082791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379538379","doi":"10.3390/act12060232","title":"High Precision Hybrid Torque Control for 4-DOF Redundant Parallel Robots under Variable Load","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Torque; Damping torque; Feed forward; Direct torque control; Stall torque; Engineering; Fuzzy logic; Computer science; Control engineering; Physics; Control (management); Induction motor","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009405800490746841,"gpt":0.2133069098706241,"spread":0.2039011093798772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002959447,0.0001992047,0.0002775873,0.0000755016,0.00009086973,0.00005298433,0.000182295,0.0001009718,0.00009310395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009676694,0.0001836598,0.00008599255,0.0001791823,0.00001427208,0.000121987,0.00003140549,0.0001118701,0.0001364019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001502801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005949622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000452343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007625853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988138,0.000014684,0.0002750712,0.0002441648,0.0002262701,0.0004260135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991902,0.0002575542,0.00003865608,0.0003291195,0.00005786304,0.0001266823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002537927,0.00001282411,0.000005180571,0.00003583927,0.00006553666,0.000005209588,0.00003586023,0.9413141,0.0009779616,0.04566756,0.008995642,0.002858893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001337342,0.0000820611,0.0001311743,0.00004191313,0.00004730865,0.000006315997,0.00004045724,0.9142758,0.0004687783,0.08064249,0.002608229,0.0003181818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01361783,0.00003941893,0.9833443,0.0001423801,0.001434345,0.0004609218,0.00004584062,0.0005645877,0.0003503689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8381578,0.00009732031,0.1595225,0.000189638,0.0002485055,0.0001590088,0.00008688945,0.0001191775,0.001419085],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7489429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3085736147","doi":"10.3390/act9030086","title":"Optimal Force Allocation and Position Control of Hybrid Pneumatic–Electric Linear Actuators","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Actuator; Pneumatic actuator; Model predictive control; Benchmark (surveying); Control engineering; Controller (irrigation); Computer science; Position (finance); Tracking error; Engineering; Control (management); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006818937364607922,"gpt":0.1939000589480054,"spread":0.1870811215833975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001115941,0.0001527764,0.0002777112,0.00006484194,0.00003432153,0.00001580339,0.00009449199,0.00005008919,0.00002673872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007960154,0.0001468293,0.00004958977,0.0001711156,0.00001861317,0.0001383878,0.00000986154,0.00009543767,0.00003356431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002963289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002388747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001107157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.140647e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991481,0.00003085583,0.0003403956,0.0001360033,0.0001688136,0.0001758469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995106,0.0001179552,0.00007955253,0.000126051,0.0000341535,0.0001316785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003252114,0.0002208344,0.005016636,0.005203454,0.002149244,0.0000619647,0.02770138,0.2743386,0.2087789,0.005040562,0.008555851,0.4626073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005632059,0.00013798,0.0003623944,0.00004779855,0.00005778518,0.00002264659,0.000159466,0.9788398,0.01909279,0.00005209669,0.0004717722,0.0001922816],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6883605,0.0001467351,0.3105057,0.0002051515,0.00008269245,0.0002317586,0.00000734321,0.0001328282,0.000327292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988917,0.00005865836,0.0007626453,0.0001305707,0.00008882393,0.00001635166,0.00001321672,0.00003115646,0.000006882165],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7045012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5987524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156906773","doi":"10.3390/act10040080","title":"Trajectory Optimization Algorithm for a 4-DOF Redundant Parallel Robot Based on 12-Phase Sine Jerk Motion Profile","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Jerk; Control theory (sociology); Trajectory; Sine wave; Motion control; Computer science; Oscillation (cell signaling); Mathematics; Robot; Engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Acceleration; Classical mechanics; Voltage; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01289344493430704,"gpt":0.2330277390200288,"spread":0.2201342940857217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001095036,0.000185592,0.0001980576,0.00008343083,0.00007765977,0.00004062622,0.00007372667,0.0001145214,0.0002467602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005799596,0.0001888381,0.00009747293,0.0001464708,0.00001433989,0.00009315847,0.000009170676,0.0001031563,0.00000981659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001082065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005705186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002729061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002970154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990777,0.00002207945,0.0002341222,0.0002458303,0.0001706493,0.0002495722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994631,0.0000691435,0.00004254466,0.0002614222,0.000064334,0.00009949005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001311457,0.0001213504,0.00000100472,0.00003944106,0.00002081417,0.000009266409,0.0000407768,0.9163778,0.0004815575,0.0003595341,0.0003454469,0.0821899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001376216,0.0001553227,0.00001139749,0.00003538606,0.00003375045,0.000003604541,0.00003735104,0.9957078,0.002129145,0.0001414239,0.0001592132,0.000209371],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004449558,0.00002766149,0.9979004,0.00007762264,0.0005364288,0.0003768673,0.00005329451,0.0002290406,0.0003537122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03495706,0.00001997793,0.9638149,0.0001155793,0.000128908,0.0001061119,0.0005839314,0.00007165813,0.0002018597],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08198053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7700595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394612166","doi":"10.3390/act13040139","title":"A Novel DC Electroosmotic Micromixer Based on Helical Vortices","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Micromixer; Microfluidics; Mixing (physics); Vortex; Materials science; Channel (broadcasting); Work (physics); Mechanics; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006051505289906024,"gpt":0.2078993844133772,"spread":0.2018478791234712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006614486,0.0001594995,0.0001198082,0.0001119177,0.00004848349,0.00006603169,0.0001366214,0.00007887546,0.0002655763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001067123,0.0001433961,0.00008217865,0.0002999089,0.00002385861,0.00004629161,0.00000818961,0.0001978355,0.0005162662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009329372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004370337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006321022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001449847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992027,0.000007450083,0.0001556512,0.0002197537,0.0001250172,0.00028938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995688,0.00008585621,0.000007979897,0.0002424668,0.00001142251,0.00008348352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006127795,0.00004115768,0.00001529179,0.00005920313,0.00005466415,0.000005634219,0.00005915366,0.00008287843,0.906781,0.003639634,0.0835383,0.005717004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002347329,0.0001110473,0.0004435782,0.00007090153,0.00008154785,0.00001976865,0.00001570651,0.05494597,0.491827,0.0004484566,0.4513778,0.000423506],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8713847,0.01843572,0.1026578,0.0007785702,0.0003818681,0.0003323185,0.00002759068,0.001334717,0.004666683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971635,0.001896868,0.0002409797,0.0003217665,0.0001166251,0.00005101852,0.00001872565,0.00005528775,0.0001351742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.414954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.663573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2918372358","doi":"10.3390/act8010021","title":"An Electro-Thermal Actuation Method for Resonance Vibration of a Miniaturized Optical-Fiber Scanner for Future Scanning Fiber Endoscope Design","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Cantilever; Miniaturization; Scanner; Endoscope; Optical fiber; Materials science; Fiber; Deflection (physics); Actuator; Biomedical engineering; Acoustics; Optics; Surgery; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Electrical engineering; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009648279350702334,"gpt":0.2662886606901375,"spread":0.2566403813394352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002404875,0.0001926047,0.0002755323,0.0001026555,0.00005265227,0.00001997824,0.0001568705,0.000214558,0.00006224734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008964531,0.0001736511,0.00008383903,0.000161209,0.00001997116,0.0003879062,0.00001122489,0.000119794,0.000007503312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005763033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003392969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001605306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001117426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990593,0.00001061372,0.0002464763,0.0002499315,0.0001146034,0.0003191237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992065,0.0002950102,0.00008549501,0.000286365,0.00008335685,0.00004331289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000187576,0.00001636789,0.000001995851,0.00006071875,0.0000320608,1.454444e-7,0.0001764802,0.003919262,0.7904893,0.0003282572,0.0007536596,0.2040342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009566337,0.000425101,0.0001454841,0.00003767966,0.00003384061,0.000001109035,0.0001167621,0.02513576,0.9529525,0.0007480042,0.01921304,0.0002340761],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4525454,0.0002495537,0.5452315,0.00008648774,0.0002001221,0.00121703,0.00002072683,0.000312068,0.0001371787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.230249,0.00002328103,0.7690061,0.0000282272,0.0001383951,0.0002644881,0.00003128454,0.00006317789,0.0001960572],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2237747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7081285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392091108","doi":"10.3390/act13030081","title":"Real-Time Point Recognition for Seedlings Using Kernel Density Estimators and Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradients","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Smart Agriculture and AI","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Histogram; Pyramid (geometry); Estimator; Kernel (algebra); Artificial intelligence; Point (geometry); Pattern recognition (psychology); Kernel density estimation; Mathematics; Computer science; Statistics; Image (mathematics); Geometry; Pure mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0170266985161683,"gpt":0.2301064413548357,"spread":0.2130797428386673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001526568,0.0001308086,0.0001750534,0.00002024152,0.0001202554,0.00004054448,0.00006081033,0.00009065016,0.00004021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006235924,0.00005062327,0.00009939817,0.0002732714,0.00006333685,0.0001459762,0.00003346995,0.00005917851,0.00001003168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003091101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007780262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005736337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004756968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992172,0.00001768793,0.0001899584,0.0002686315,0.0001176414,0.0001888443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995731,0.000161883,0.00006675637,0.00003149207,0.00008130402,0.00008551115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001132314,0.0002033349,0.02692258,0.000152314,0.0001385469,0.00001313957,0.001159604,0.000002102409,0.7727294,0.0004687435,0.004103345,0.1939936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001993734,0.003633617,0.595589,0.002174493,0.001562736,0.0002692104,0.003929204,0.02425249,0.2732216,0.03289902,0.056924,0.003550898],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990382,0.00004474102,0.00005519226,0.0001567132,0.0002337093,0.0002405603,0.00005034969,0.0001063299,0.00007425692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983134,0.0000313767,0.001248705,0.00003709546,0.0001465087,0.000007898423,0.0001399364,0.000001840732,0.00007328532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5686665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2064357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111487366","doi":"10.3390/act9040137","title":"Biointerface Materials for Cellular Adhesion: Recent Progress and Future Prospects","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biointerface; Nanotechnology; Function (biology); Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Biology; Cell biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01170823780898043,"gpt":0.2416979067310582,"spread":0.2299896689220778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007074542,0.0001214349,0.0001116838,0.00001278883,0.00006604207,0.00004341865,0.00008629547,0.00009614276,0.0001108824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003956508,0.0001064029,0.0000429067,0.00004389319,0.00002057621,0.000004235507,0.00007387457,0.00004131841,0.00001102553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008133329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002851518,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.134181e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001057846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993376,0.00001568151,0.00013261,0.0002921269,0.00007323957,0.0001488071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996055,0.000003579421,0.00006043914,0.0001451999,0.00008081339,0.0001044727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001062981,0.00002550954,0.00003187561,0.0000363639,0.00003332791,0.000001482263,0.0000815014,6.975173e-8,0.9838971,0.0004893488,0.007379998,0.00791715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001754481,0.0002720905,0.00000909551,0.00000403947,0.00001014973,0.000002745892,0.00006331597,0.00001946876,0.5703064,0.00003465671,0.4290226,0.0000799571],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860376,0.002123917,0.003369404,0.006563432,0.0008413534,0.0007765745,0.00007402519,0.00003170868,0.0001819603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963671,0.0006919189,0.001101232,0.0005282104,0.0009945421,0.00005167671,0.0001274654,0.00002711091,0.0001107484],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4216426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4338985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2920894650","doi":"10.3390/act8010026","title":"Improving the Performance of Pump-Controlled Circuits for Single-Rod Actuators","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electronic circuit; Actuator; Hydraulic circuit; Hydraulic cylinder; Control theory (sociology); Hydraulic machinery; Computer science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00927604066296682,"gpt":0.1899751919349547,"spread":0.1806991512719879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004077243,0.0001876514,0.0004210969,0.00006872837,0.00005693385,0.00003040325,0.0002716784,0.00009536115,0.00005842376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001019687,0.0001262924,0.0001553801,0.0001370639,0.00002607355,0.0001607794,0.00001947568,0.0001009224,0.00007525305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005231932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003395509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001893202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002632757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989005,0.00002206748,0.0004237719,0.0001500643,0.0002001723,0.0003033975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989251,0.000432175,0.0001352454,0.0004060973,0.00004624036,0.00005511218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002611814,0.0001993453,0.02082164,0.005185207,0.001714378,0.000002886394,0.01874769,0.02552333,0.1986606,0.00189361,0.002071147,0.724919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008278158,0.0005898467,0.001292121,0.0003598723,0.0002230594,0.00003336561,0.001617598,0.887455,0.09131325,0.0001190635,0.007797902,0.0009207444],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9845046,0.00010264,0.00868492,0.00002200072,0.001073274,0.001065627,0.000006197366,0.000123025,0.004417756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993727,0.000009391387,0.00009133628,0.00003828892,0.0001298467,0.00009329448,0.000003595334,0.0000475393,0.0002140556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8619317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5150056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037580183","doi":"10.3390/act2010001","title":"State Space System Identification of 3-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) Piezo-Actuator-Driven Stages with Unknown Configuration","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Actuator; Control theory (sociology); Backlash; System identification; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); A priori and a posteriori; Coupling (piping); Control engineering; Identification (biology); Computer science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Control (management); Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00646809745719448,"gpt":0.1866831454761508,"spread":0.1802150480189563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001606873,0.0002762909,0.0004420085,0.0002028728,0.00005201545,0.00005312084,0.0002750256,0.000110475,0.00006777498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004375343,0.0002309253,0.00008157676,0.0003830552,0.00008601784,0.0004352384,0.00001787905,0.0001570629,0.0000664607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001276816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007039393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002522326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003224575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983639,0.00004260278,0.0006331959,0.0002406977,0.0003928821,0.0003267595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986472,0.0001172549,0.0003460844,0.0004893564,0.0002766753,0.0001234662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002078671,0.0002634097,0.01418716,0.002019271,0.001798812,0.00001863701,0.005406995,0.04284162,0.242091,0.01878253,0.006464268,0.6659185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00333425,0.0007309145,0.02890998,0.0004511878,0.0003814726,0.00002522623,0.001887138,0.8058457,0.1542949,0.0003135045,0.002331041,0.001494734],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7664053,0.000176972,0.2304493,0.00004307411,0.000238812,0.0007042656,0.0000273216,0.0002713921,0.001683519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988096,0.0000516069,0.0007292086,0.000005358272,0.00005656395,0.00008475353,0.00002038457,0.00005830969,0.0001842054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7630041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9416862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286001614","doi":"10.3390/act11070203","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stability Enhancement of a Variable Wind Speed DFIG System","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Controller (irrigation); Wind power; Wind speed; Induction generator; Variable speed wind turbine; Computer science; Voltage; Engineering; Physics; Permanent magnet synchronous generator; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009486430074233608,"gpt":0.1958045837965861,"spread":0.1863181537223525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000778477,0.0001603991,0.0003266031,0.00007974768,0.0001593735,0.00001390729,0.0001882762,0.00003808187,0.0003639375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007619461,0.000170276,0.00009205531,0.0001917823,0.00001140063,0.00007561414,0.0000744898,0.000192919,0.000008110515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005749764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004084852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007380531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001566804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99862,0.00007397183,0.0004812568,0.0001916725,0.0003200038,0.0003131102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992994,0.0001568249,0.0001218735,0.0003007141,0.0000550008,0.00006618335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005603957,0.00002855019,0.000820762,0.0007633081,0.0001974859,0.000001242688,0.001369305,0.9794525,0.01548932,0.0009504444,0.0003389594,0.0005321147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00145735,0.0003442453,0.00009557652,0.00004847569,0.00006823763,0.0000043291,0.002912438,0.9636039,0.01513957,0.00003068095,0.01600346,0.000291784],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7090145,0.0002908756,0.2786253,0.00002037718,0.002174441,0.002090346,0.00001173582,0.0003865475,0.007385922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992119,9.617154e-7,0.000294361,0.000008329066,0.00008928352,0.00009884536,0.00002802264,0.00003800142,0.0002302596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2901975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6943655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313519305","doi":"10.3390/act12010021","title":"Design of a Quasi-Direct Drive Actuator with Embedded Pulley for a Compact, Lightweight, and High-Bandwidth Exosuit","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Actuator; Pulley; Bandwidth (computing); Powered exoskeleton; Wearable computer; Computer science; Exoskeleton; Control engineering; Engineering; Simulation; Embedded system; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01182788375054375,"gpt":0.2195932256002446,"spread":0.2077653418497008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001928723,0.0001919606,0.000326228,0.0001733724,0.00006678313,0.00002723554,0.0001064564,0.00008521482,0.00001303451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006503957,0.000145672,0.00004883885,0.0003051269,0.00008461131,0.00007417495,0.00001456996,0.00007662876,0.00001068547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003043704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004043677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006947699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004344889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991173,0.00002503313,0.000233205,0.0001902058,0.0001627736,0.0002715142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989879,0.0005471487,0.00005848902,0.0002148531,0.00007801381,0.0001136386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002201203,0.001502666,0.009470543,0.006137485,0.005336809,0.0001136541,0.1060427,0.5422953,0.1082171,0.03226346,0.09115019,0.09526892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009866562,0.006012622,0.0129957,0.0007915723,0.0006368748,0.00003494268,0.002918433,0.7751142,0.1642415,0.01282397,0.01182754,0.002736086],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8121443,0.0001711077,0.1846406,0.0003446201,0.000315659,0.001358169,0.00007359481,0.000635159,0.0003167691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853147,0.00007781524,0.01431599,0.00001800112,0.00002977766,0.00004664623,0.00001719264,0.00005775246,0.0001221769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2328189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5940331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367314567","doi":"10.3390/act12050190","title":"A Computationally Efficient Hysteresis Model for Magneto-Rheological Clutches and Its Comparison with Other Models","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Clutch; Hysteresis; Control theory (sociology); Torque; Computer science; Coupling (piping); Control engineering; Engineering; Control (management); Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03844341188520037,"gpt":0.2452789182876854,"spread":0.206835506402485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009915267,0.0001298182,0.0001907203,0.00005973301,0.0000707295,0.00002701063,0.00007335587,0.00008037068,0.00001707611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000183882,0.00008816375,0.00003528042,0.0001200172,0.0000315808,0.00006051658,0.00002270325,0.00006131523,0.00002032989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001289961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000108726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.796117e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004769539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993267,0.00001341256,0.0001671596,0.0001694528,0.0001218096,0.000201454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996148,0.0001942943,0.00001705695,0.00006423372,0.00003791384,0.0000716891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003361765,0.00001499335,0.0001248662,0.00002607261,0.0000279261,5.970235e-7,0.0003301351,0.9827114,0.0003097306,0.01493199,0.0004165858,0.001072023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005143249,0.00007731339,0.0008104412,0.00000904691,0.00001489484,0.000001034274,0.00004192047,0.9957684,0.00008388361,0.002471372,0.00007176136,0.0001355851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.431329,0.00009768731,0.5676525,0.0001605911,0.00002692675,0.0001957785,0.00001931809,0.0002742193,0.0002440303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953317,0.000007637155,0.004169112,0.0001355002,0.00002802174,0.00006767756,0.00001597653,0.00001941327,0.0002249862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5640027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3595214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311523908","doi":"10.3390/act11120364","title":"Development and Analysis of a Novel Magnetic Levitation System with a Feedback Controller for Additive Manufacturing Applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Levitation; Magnetic levitation; PID controller; Controller (irrigation); Electromagnetic suspension; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Control engineering; Magnet; Temperature control; Control (management); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007549137835103577,"gpt":0.1915760842990971,"spread":0.1840269464639935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008988552,0.00008484717,0.0001743068,0.0001952034,0.00009653027,0.00001321896,0.00005114955,0.00001681674,0.00003096415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003624421,0.00008205712,0.00003294038,0.0002383665,0.00001478228,0.00003010224,0.00001613493,0.00004717318,3.807794e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007141333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001467305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008076961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001938468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994743,0.000005883084,0.0001831137,0.000120551,0.0001187565,0.00009739074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996952,0.0001030967,0.00006137088,0.00007338833,0.00003343554,0.00003352165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015718,0.0001606609,0.0006261952,0.0009166915,0.002949196,0.000001171869,0.01141565,0.379888,0.001673179,0.02235007,0.0001226034,0.5797395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001536176,0.0001081977,0.01628835,0.00001717854,0.0006623797,0.00000357774,0.004888313,0.9632598,0.0004693607,0.00001321818,0.0125056,0.0002478169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4455225,0.00005266734,0.5532713,0.00001106801,0.00001871484,0.0005984426,0.0001432449,0.00005763587,0.0003244656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720161,0.000002130464,0.02689556,0.00001203294,0.000005606019,0.0009173644,0.00008380042,0.00001464872,0.00005276399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5833719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3346192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4295883513","doi":"10.3390/act11090261","title":"Electromechanical Natural Frequency Analysis of an Eco-Friendly Active Sandwich Plate","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Auxetics; Composite material; Piezoelectricity; Cantilever; Nanocomposite; Actuator; Natural frequency; Nanowire; Brittleness; Nanotechnology; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00636975549338261,"gpt":0.2403189516586581,"spread":0.2339491961652755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002264296,0.0001503889,0.0003150331,0.0005110037,0.0001093999,0.00001334122,0.0003929718,0.0000441324,0.0009618895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005894067,0.0001549514,0.0001257494,0.001539666,0.0000299785,0.0001582388,0.0001128925,0.0005310763,0.000008795746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003714399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005534824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007202489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003608596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985582,0.00007266051,0.0002385001,0.000239704,0.0004849654,0.0004059754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993033,0.0001361042,0.00004409708,0.0003512954,0.0000442133,0.0001210049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005875745,0.0008847979,0.001841372,0.0001658683,0.02051152,0.0002743586,0.00836192,0.2022174,0.6397851,0.01459964,0.001877755,0.1088927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009548889,0.0009703726,0.01001464,0.000004441094,0.001145036,0.0000180875,0.00274405,0.9488008,0.02985851,0.004307954,0.0003672503,0.0008139812],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947562,0.00007344094,0.003702377,0.00001855324,0.0001309177,0.000129221,0.0001068102,0.0001898216,0.0008926359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986789,0.000007345932,0.00106411,0.00001555915,0.0000327875,0.00003703846,0.00008662351,0.00004681546,0.0000308107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7465834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203513687","doi":"10.3390/act10100249","title":"Continuous Control Strategy of Planar 3-Linkage Underactuated Manipulator Based on Broad Neural Network","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Linkage (software); Underactuation; Position (finance); Control theory (sociology); Artificial neural network; Planar; Rotation (mathematics); Actuator; Particle swarm optimization; Coupling (piping); Computer science; Engineering; Control (management); Artificial intelligence; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009877656159406669,"gpt":0.2071342565488206,"spread":0.1972566003894139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001027946,0.0002283469,0.0003986494,0.00005886287,0.00004982884,0.00003983892,0.000134909,0.0001305722,0.0005641442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004198141,0.0002217094,0.0001379799,0.0002129069,0.00002713477,0.00006994307,0.000006170364,0.0002323021,0.00008134615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004878734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000542893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001988725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002128984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998761,0.00007888085,0.0003688834,0.0002069873,0.0002279764,0.0003562603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991714,0.0002118308,0.00007001102,0.0003430912,0.00006851137,0.0001351064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006016098,0.00008601526,0.001379812,0.00004258562,0.0001629241,0.0001487005,0.00003653405,0.9803683,0.000968652,0.00153846,0.003565117,0.0116428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003908128,0.0001504034,0.0135364,0.00007525361,0.00009642269,0.00001587693,0.000104715,0.9786528,0.001346398,0.0003674803,0.001339784,0.0004063565],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7882442,0.000681322,0.1937951,0.0008251778,0.002467131,0.0009479053,0.00009045611,0.00114076,0.01180796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986835,0.00000828432,0.0002458313,0.0006907288,0.0001484131,0.00001106727,0.00006002767,0.00004645104,0.0001057501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2104393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9041047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757378068","doi":"10.3390/act6040029","title":"Quantification of Force and Torque Applied by a High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging System on an Ultrasonic Motor for MRI-Guided Robot-Assisted Interventions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; California HIV/AIDS Research Program","keywords":"Ultrasonic motor; Torque; Deflection (physics); Magnetic resonance imaging; Scanner; Magnet; Displacement (psychology); Physics; Acoustics; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Medicine; Classical mechanics; Radiology; Piezoelectricity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198782136950446,"gpt":0.271088521961043,"spread":0.2512103082659984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001111436,0.0001212382,0.0001656436,0.0000501757,0.0001954109,0.00008122575,0.0002177169,0.00005597112,0.000004760034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005018343,0.0001268843,0.00005830121,0.00004201826,0.0000363062,0.00009148353,0.00001581771,0.00006338226,0.000002861441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004425846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007432646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005237418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002034905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992887,0.000006077019,0.000273169,0.0002075687,0.00007596548,0.00014854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991146,0.000122967,0.0001176363,0.000541032,0.00004200136,0.00006174973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009677176,0.0003617335,0.00330174,0.001834428,0.000106011,0.000001174427,0.0005890597,0.003255836,0.4532731,0.2327868,0.005930677,0.2984626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004962755,0.0008285378,0.3038722,0.002008844,0.0004989056,0.00002027109,0.001330631,0.4033053,0.2733495,0.005028017,0.003009487,0.001785527],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5236393,0.0008401709,0.4724026,0.0003168341,0.0003305949,0.001363815,0.0001543433,0.0003119111,0.0006403919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995156,0.00002893231,0.004287622,0.00001254294,0.00003261915,0.0002766973,0.00003474,0.00003154934,0.0001393143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4715167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5174192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3130187262","doi":"10.3390/act10020037","title":"Characterisation and Control of a Woven Biomimetic Actuator for Wearable Neurorehabilitative Devices","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","keywords":"Actuator; Mechatronics; Wearable computer; Exoskeleton; Soft robotics; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Simulation; Control engineering; Embedded system; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009087274160785712,"gpt":0.2221307844091753,"spread":0.2130435102483896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007939232,0.0001001168,0.000208289,0.00003856906,0.00002971549,0.00001824293,0.00003545173,0.00004214787,0.00002120257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002901303,0.00009724476,0.00003453725,0.00007452636,0.00003341757,0.0001386014,0.000008118358,0.00002859893,0.000002061395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001408341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001290437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005596577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000349718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994752,0.0000257606,0.0001853167,0.0001276476,0.00005314282,0.000132896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993868,0.0003628081,0.00004678866,0.00009785233,0.00006116981,0.00004455304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004187975,0.00002117617,0.000709245,0.0003194076,0.00008002328,0.000001871251,0.0008675825,0.0007301896,0.9835857,0.0004698648,0.00001975338,0.01315327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001678421,0.0001846891,0.03078049,0.0001391024,0.0001013956,0.000009564226,0.0005289452,0.006359531,0.9536145,0.002730005,0.003493588,0.0003797414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867184,0.0001493933,0.01261175,0.00004529953,0.000186356,0.0001192708,0.00003504426,0.00006840548,0.00006612774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962109,0.00003450492,0.003589048,0.00004208131,0.00003797863,0.00002790032,0.000009125427,0.00002372672,0.00002468735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03007125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3965526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382874200","doi":"10.3390/act12050193","title":"A Comparative Study of Two Common Pump-Controlled Hydraulic Circuits for Single-Rod Actuators","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electronic circuit; Hydraulic circuit; Hydraulic cylinder; Cylinder; Actuator; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04639345327113713,"gpt":0.2935663105005423,"spread":0.2471728572294051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004757034,0.0003342516,0.001180161,0.00029844,0.0001023482,0.00004300548,0.0003119897,0.00009653209,0.00002901359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009266483,0.000296959,0.0001952654,0.0006480731,0.0000387513,0.0001482471,0.00003808506,0.0001373795,0.0001288121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008453606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003000064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000114373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001555629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998026,0.0001094617,0.0007848625,0.0002745145,0.0003544168,0.0004507293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981861,0.0009560689,0.0001834825,0.0004661092,0.0000678139,0.0001403915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008558157,0.005079012,0.03062407,0.002761012,0.01378847,0.0001647906,0.5123038,0.1994411,0.031021,0.00228455,0.03521118,0.1664652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07788315,0.004628145,0.008159925,0.0007227397,0.001464549,0.00006092835,0.07712691,0.7874658,0.02639794,0.004140805,0.008430546,0.0035186],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861372,0.00004712852,0.004181148,0.00002347319,0.0007743228,0.002391048,0.00002164547,0.0005763387,0.005847686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991401,0.000004289037,0.00003477176,0.00002407147,0.0001342152,0.0004707207,0.00002400994,0.00006949846,0.00009830945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5880246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2623910670","doi":"10.3390/act6020020","title":"Measuring the Temperature Increase of an Ultrasonic Motor in a 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging System","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; California HIV/AIDS Research Program","keywords":"Ultrasonic motor; Materials science; Scanner; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Ultrasonic sensor; Magnetic resonance imaging; Temperature measurement; Rotating magnetic field; Biomedical engineering; Magnetic field; Acoustics; Physics; Optics; Composite material; Radiology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01229541617494539,"gpt":0.2751922657997889,"spread":0.2628968496248436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002527705,0.0001005794,0.0001737199,0.00004610592,0.0002061786,0.00002437004,0.0002584075,0.0000434376,0.00000643719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002110031,0.00006948548,0.00004292546,0.00007624163,0.00009989222,0.0001224399,0.00003976292,0.0002239938,0.000002523064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006687021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000538448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002843565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002722154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993047,0.000028026,0.0001813562,0.0001864991,0.0001412164,0.0001581844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988279,0.00005564383,0.0001162453,0.0008763518,0.00005474476,0.00006906908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004869815,0.0005998972,0.2060331,0.000506286,0.00001577264,0.0002327958,0.002247387,0.00001747918,0.3140842,0.01385321,0.0006103714,0.4613124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002416012,0.0003112475,0.8853554,0.002227194,0.0001241287,0.0003225227,0.002596105,0.004806681,0.09277565,0.0007504376,0.007857893,0.0004567619],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965709,0.001126948,0.0002670407,0.0004290153,0.00002326827,0.0005322738,0.00001207534,0.00007209663,0.0009664137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946583,0.00005398973,0.004915256,0.0000767269,0.00006042169,0.00009913409,0.000003085987,0.00001892884,0.0001141518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6793222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2833535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386743778","doi":"10.3390/act12090358","title":"A Novel Wrench–Current Decoupling Strategy to Extend the Use of Small Lookup Data for a Long-Range Maglev Planar Motor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Maglev; Decoupling (probability); Lookup table; Planar; Control theory (sociology); Wrench; Levitation; Magnetic levitation; Electromagnetic coil; Computer science; Acoustics; Magnet; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Control engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1507422971958373,"gpt":0.292923896465257,"spread":0.1421815992694196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001927503,0.0001375295,0.0001481175,0.0001082694,0.0000466951,0.00006179083,0.0003885618,0.0000457097,0.0000304963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001599549,0.0001117485,0.00004474651,0.0002503601,0.00002017676,0.0001049239,0.00007557043,0.0001034687,0.00002060736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002016819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002480545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007597336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000300192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991577,0.000005040177,0.0002483671,0.0002077621,0.0001314893,0.0002496846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989697,0.0003161832,0.00004273068,0.0005447373,0.00004396579,0.00008263496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000100106,0.0001696,0.003635919,0.001347013,0.0003021353,0.000009834627,0.002873437,0.2429156,0.003864265,0.003388238,0.02417645,0.7172174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003067923,0.00008761888,0.01999272,0.00006423789,0.00004757989,0.000002047332,0.0001172165,0.9553291,0.00002624924,0.00008633486,0.02373935,0.0002008111],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7028865,0.0001521482,0.294537,0.0001204656,0.0005207529,0.0007374228,0.0008310975,0.0001804445,0.00003416995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9798625,0.0001698852,0.01874728,0.00008553256,0.0001897438,0.0001398738,0.0004123144,0.00009204035,0.0003008591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7170166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4556972,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378469101","doi":"10.3390/act12060221","title":"Design Optimization of a Miniaturized Pneumatic Artificial Muscle and Experimental Validation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Actuator; Flexibility (engineering); Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Simulation; Mathematics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01830466588480852,"gpt":0.2357060819412883,"spread":0.2174014160564798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001006259,0.00005453239,0.00007529502,0.00007996261,0.00002498615,0.00001228137,0.00002754793,0.00003629319,0.00001759036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003158643,0.00005280939,0.00001594198,0.0001548854,0.00002247657,0.00005271519,0.000009588433,0.00002413255,0.000007793044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001216374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005972654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.935233e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.805187e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996309,0.00001710537,0.0001436076,0.00006077139,0.00007657448,0.00007105712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997904,0.00007939762,0.00002282796,0.00006736225,0.00001550015,0.00002453942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003812226,0.00001538812,0.00001174814,0.00003290727,0.000009442141,2.997845e-7,0.00213465,0.9488066,0.04713284,0.0001347783,0.00008154822,0.001635961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000169173,0.00004830294,0.000253047,0.00001455197,0.000008145115,4.317295e-7,0.0004227962,0.8690751,0.1294966,0.0004150157,0.00001464057,0.00008228319],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8967553,0.00002813126,0.1027072,0.00003470072,0.0001512551,0.0001563435,0.000001777807,0.0001247592,0.00004053677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774411,0.00001682036,0.02248801,0.000003238669,0.000009108067,0.00001136138,0.00001027344,0.00001358932,0.00000646681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08236372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2153504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015108016","doi":"10.3390/act9020024","title":"A New Non-Invasive Air-Based Actuator for Characterizing and Testing MEMS Devices","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Microelectromechanical systems; Cantilever; Microscale chemistry; Drag; Actuator; Airflow; Capacitive sensing; Deflection (physics); Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Aerodynamic force; Aerodynamics; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering; Nanotechnology; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02861386956565057,"gpt":0.2477898125200333,"spread":0.2191759429543827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006751424,0.0001956039,0.0002559176,0.00002332733,0.0001223796,0.00005659833,0.000147877,0.00004967252,0.0001655033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002553533,0.0001627042,0.0000951867,0.0001581105,0.00002194007,0.0001245855,0.00005932582,0.0001290286,0.00003221694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000970552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001648186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000557837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001663478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989929,0.000009901863,0.000214134,0.0003367978,0.0001338858,0.0003123996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984899,0.0007359396,0.0001012681,0.0001072008,0.00004899165,0.0005167006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002660623,0.0001568618,0.05808819,0.0003692937,0.0003162458,0.000009074854,0.001311528,0.000009327026,0.08558143,0.02480883,0.002984715,0.8260984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009049108,0.002365263,0.02358653,0.0006721846,0.0006246719,0.0000018408,0.001880863,0.04364245,0.7707301,0.02044978,0.1238767,0.003120552],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.893755,0.00001778903,0.1022356,0.002731646,0.00009248812,0.000437626,0.00004195689,0.0000679029,0.0006200289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814622,4.448522e-7,0.01576303,0.002142375,0.0005262046,0.00003381395,0.0000180322,0.00002735481,0.0000265863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8229779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6634886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388101993","doi":"10.3390/act12110407","title":"Design and Experimental Assessment of a Vibration Control System Driven by Low Inertia Hydrostatic Magnetorheological Actuators for Heavy Equipment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Michelin; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Magnetorheological fluid; Clutch; Actuator; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Vibration; Active suspension; Inertia; Suspension (topology); Damper; Control engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01007984141282054,"gpt":0.2413499903800856,"spread":0.231270148967265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002601049,0.0002137655,0.0003626677,0.00008994776,0.00008803379,0.00003641963,0.0001051312,0.000133155,0.00004664677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003683758,0.0001675819,0.00007054639,0.0001540261,0.00006607211,0.0001496323,0.0000292637,0.0000797043,0.000008379435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001030553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002605912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003237447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.416731e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987695,0.00008484311,0.0004140511,0.0002344177,0.0002006207,0.0002965316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999252,0.0004019788,0.0000589184,0.0001303686,0.00003106919,0.0001256199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003935464,0.0002619141,0.001749536,0.0006112112,0.0004923383,0.00001680097,0.00107909,0.1286435,0.838522,0.01167109,0.009644938,0.006914007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001747247,0.0006268905,0.0006921638,0.00003195831,0.00003337315,0.000001916209,0.000220198,0.9687413,0.02757131,0.00007477146,0.0000599557,0.0001988931],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.367043,0.0001095115,0.631413,0.00009254414,0.0001854908,0.0007839437,0.00002789384,0.0003003711,0.00004425998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946036,0.00001822167,0.004726165,0.00007995576,0.00003906527,0.0004201762,0.00006045043,0.00002686163,0.00002549976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8400978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6833793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290465734","doi":"10.3390/act11080224","title":"Resonant Adaptive MEMS Mirror","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Microelectromechanical systems; Deformable mirror; Zernike polynomials; Monochromatic color; Silicon on insulator; Optics; Computer science; Modal analysis; Materials science; Acoustics; Electronic engineering; Adaptive optics; Physics; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Silicon; Vibration; Wavefront","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0127202061309842,"gpt":0.2082437751217508,"spread":0.1955235689907666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006897756,0.00007372072,0.00008419088,0.00003247908,0.00008148432,0.000007243896,0.0001318916,0.00001854039,0.000864181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007984202,0.00006902597,0.00003771853,0.0001218809,0.00001541125,0.00004799704,0.00005725724,0.0001556595,0.0000974908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007347645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001242579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003700844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001027295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999493,0.000009282388,0.00008408283,0.00009313968,0.0001456997,0.0001748105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997633,0.00004279549,0.00000878556,0.0001189422,0.000005414875,0.00006079066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004339252,0.0006853955,0.003116369,0.0002887551,0.00149487,0.0009230995,0.0222141,0.01009591,0.02958755,0.2674355,0.1062237,0.5575008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004313979,0.0001704012,0.003672645,0.000009549432,0.00003155718,0.0000182048,0.001737521,0.1120192,0.005881129,0.002307657,0.873241,0.0004796615],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9274678,0.0008100797,0.0007595858,0.0001355676,0.0008917304,0.0001741666,0.00004076189,0.0004845814,0.06923579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991055,0.00001725128,0.0004393046,0.0001298386,0.00001486334,0.00004140818,0.000003879438,0.00001812832,0.0002298311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7670173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9462175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}