{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":17,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":17,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"53945be9c729","filters":{"venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development"}},"results":[{"id":"W2585085806","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-45569-3","title":"Negotiating South-South Regional Trade Agreements","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Negotiation; Regional trade; Sustainability; International trade; Political science; South–South cooperation; Focus (optics); Geography; Regional science; Business; Free trade; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Bamidele Adekunle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gbadebo Odularu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03853128293434475,"gpt":0.3157558342211066,"spread":0.2772245512867618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004626053,0.0003593587,0.0005302285,0.0001773831,0.00120142,0.000232242,0.000519625,0.0003201983,0.0002256985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006739796,0.000397647,0.00009956821,0.00002619049,0.0008747603,0.0003869243,0.0001744044,0.0003794643,0.0001316671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001974445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002190694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001635338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009110879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973943,0.00008042537,0.0006505289,0.0005515579,0.0004057533,0.0009174883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989647,0.0001827023,0.0004208838,0.0001090286,0.00003688405,0.0002858105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001959573,0.00001950703,0.002434177,0.00003098633,0.00006047858,0.000009869087,0.02483022,0.000001447435,7.213833e-8,0.9619215,0.002154065,0.008518122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003924816,0.00001140411,0.006204879,0.000111134,0.00001326631,7.681721e-7,0.003742894,0.000006267001,0.000001217126,0.06193467,0.9270175,0.0005635013],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001147933,0.0005247239,0.00001787974,0.003469461,0.001163277,0.0003337853,0.00008523187,0.00004089528,0.9932168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.481239,0.0007157011,0.001287829,0.001093887,0.003898607,0.0001254938,0.0002310915,0.00007601015,0.5113324],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9248635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092768","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2","title":"Exploring the Dynamics of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Sustainable development; Sustainable energy; Dynamics (music); Clean energy; Political science; Environmental planning; Environmental protection; Geography; Engineering; Sociology; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02536144872120493,"gpt":0.2204155001896945,"spread":0.1950540514684895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000435237,0.0002858504,0.000424565,0.000117673,0.000211904,0.00002328131,0.000213854,0.0001238613,0.00008333768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001947224,0.0002538784,0.00003047531,0.0000972998,0.0005522181,0.0003041024,0.0006424783,0.0001689626,0.0000163604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002640443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001954872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001058305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01375401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997917,0.00004923061,0.0005552947,0.0004126122,0.0001639414,0.0009019239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993665,0.0002305902,0.0001314311,0.0001158397,0.000003046789,0.0001526454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000129112,0.0001853085,0.01215424,0.0003975679,0.0001110267,0.0001008946,0.01690359,0.008772284,0.000003899452,0.855871,0.001786543,0.1035845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004727126,0.0000455101,0.04308319,0.0001138843,0.00001419287,0.000003196701,0.004449745,0.0001412411,0.0001039851,0.09234211,0.8584822,0.0007480397],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06997386,0.0007229632,0.0001125735,0.0008658261,0.0002614291,0.0003411804,0.00002427941,0.00003864887,0.9276592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6275876,0.002407272,0.0006470145,0.0001233274,0.0000806157,0.0002164432,0.00004732693,0.0000593917,0.368831],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8566957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092435","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_5","title":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in South Africa: Challenges, Barriers and Solutions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Sustainability; Natural resource economics; Business; Environmental economics; Sustainable development; Feed-in tariff; Energy engineering; Sustainable energy; Energy policy; Economics; Engineering; Political science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02228382712128242,"gpt":0.2140197562756455,"spread":0.1917359291543631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003735554,0.0003707374,0.00045086,0.0001521763,0.0003775381,0.00003530193,0.0001250214,0.0002598435,0.0002242149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002059867,0.0003979132,0.00002639084,0.00003773368,0.0006437287,0.0002581015,0.0006678655,0.0001832059,0.00003202188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001230891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001363244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004128927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007044229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976237,0.00003266774,0.0004692381,0.0006354169,0.0001453373,0.001093654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992499,0.0001078729,0.0001009667,0.0001030651,0.000002982821,0.0004352042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004521245,0.00003239972,0.002190057,0.0001122908,0.00005434014,0.00007572758,0.01446173,0.0005217443,0.00000152458,0.9589645,0.0002568049,0.02328367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004679922,0.00003576449,0.01201588,0.00006091159,0.0000122638,0.000003878184,0.004350041,0.00001823389,0.00001345326,0.1114599,0.8708474,0.0007142965],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008819229,0.005256597,0.00004098728,0.0009009966,0.0001399368,0.0002660012,0.00002953767,0.00005458314,0.9844921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8007573,0.007624504,0.0007058587,0.0001708063,0.00007921481,0.000110541,0.00002546335,0.00006732812,0.190459],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8705906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092903","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_1","title":"Introduction—Exploring the Dynamics of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Multidisciplinary approach; Renewable energy; Perspective (graphical); Sustainable development; Electricity; Political science; Business; Environmental planning; Economic growth; Environmental economics; Geography; Engineering; Computer science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01645490831630933,"gpt":0.2070957661951338,"spread":0.1906408578788245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003765291,0.0002634438,0.000368362,0.0001117575,0.0002085747,0.00002067555,0.0001608664,0.0001203077,0.0002261035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001723334,0.0002366133,0.00002803812,0.00005755106,0.0005421731,0.0002486132,0.0004919266,0.0001617647,0.00002162942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001549824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008156563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007554904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008852391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982003,0.00002667754,0.0005160852,0.0004182923,0.0001462232,0.0006924404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994992,0.0001308194,0.0001243962,0.0001157982,0.000003744683,0.0001260686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003198731,0.00002851621,0.001403927,0.00005535941,0.00002847198,0.0000134145,0.002161706,0.002349623,0.00000124853,0.9686088,0.0003027137,0.02501425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002508163,0.00002932807,0.01204647,0.00003967254,0.00001009268,0.000003029946,0.001829388,0.00005898753,0.00008118085,0.1186428,0.8665561,0.0004520894],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03076144,0.0006446308,0.0001691549,0.003045528,0.0004342702,0.0003492183,0.00002284783,0.000044366,0.9645286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6367547,0.002578822,0.0007764006,0.0001148242,0.0002226734,0.0001391609,0.00004307508,0.00006491844,0.3593054],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8662534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9648811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392956314","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-52677-0_25","title":"Putting Gender on the Corporate Agenda in Ghana’s Oil and Gas Industry","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum industry; Business; Political science; Engineering; Environmental engineering","authors":[{"name":"Phil Faanu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emmanuel Graham","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07236946897830339,"gpt":0.2523716650586297,"spread":0.1800021960803264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006090309,0.0004663582,0.0008011982,0.0003595908,0.0001744536,0.0001502929,0.0002303951,0.00049007,0.0004588125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000254215,0.0004419519,0.00008524238,0.00004679496,0.0003024852,0.0001454939,0.0002833743,0.00106003,0.0004193361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001112869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001343233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009149798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002891805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972043,0.00001245917,0.001155686,0.0008484553,0.00004836192,0.000730739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990495,0.0002025033,0.0004100688,0.0001494555,0.000008477921,0.0001799676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001455498,0.00001080875,0.001590994,0.00008373584,0.00005847615,0.00002044775,0.00108336,0.000003359184,4.08908e-8,0.96458,0.0001766862,0.03237756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002398596,0.00001541015,0.001668503,0.0001021239,0.000004903937,0.000004968495,0.0004499418,0.00007475451,0.000002148709,0.5085928,0.4883783,0.0004662375],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03901319,0.006884694,0.00000176554,0.00608924,0.0006382661,0.0001647468,0.0001827331,0.00002485684,0.9470005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7478034,0.005077779,0.0006778408,0.00281068,0.0006572793,0.0001299555,0.00005196232,0.0001488786,0.2426422],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7087902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092427","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_4","title":"Bamboo Gasification for Sustainable Energy and Rural Development in Uganda","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Bamboo; Commercialization; Sustainable development; Business; Environmental economics; Renewable energy; Biomass gasification; Environmental planning; Engineering; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Waste management; Political science; Economics; Biofuel; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01367862920912387,"gpt":0.2322071747210668,"spread":0.2185285455119429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002385732,0.0002973218,0.0003673538,0.0001079673,0.000199733,0.00003385012,0.0001202146,0.0002005585,0.0001674343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001403045,0.0003155475,0.00003158136,0.00002684863,0.0003275976,0.0002542093,0.0002334421,0.0001171245,0.00004167956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001435247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008837411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000163005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001955514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998253,0.00001328473,0.0004821213,0.0004287949,0.0001124938,0.0007102368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994823,0.0001371206,0.0001027715,0.00008037482,0.000003783143,0.000193625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006204269,0.00003220896,0.003304315,0.00007505553,0.00002273706,0.00001269499,0.001319969,0.0001437763,0.000006234663,0.9385,0.0001735163,0.05634746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005778762,0.000037765,0.04397427,0.00005055564,0.000008760628,0.000002445258,0.0009247106,0.00002373435,0.00009386319,0.1316699,0.8220202,0.000615868],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08966328,0.0007530538,0.0002861205,0.001487205,0.0002823168,0.0008303171,0.00004252589,0.00007894794,0.9065762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8123507,0.001480975,0.001273838,0.0003777384,0.0001248487,0.0002508424,0.000121867,0.00007152973,0.1839477],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8218467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012237193","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-36632-2_8","title":"Strengthening the Future of US—Africa Trade and Business Relations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Heritage","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); China; International trade; Argument (complex analysis); Face (sociological concept); Information and Communications Technology; Political science; Business; Economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Gbadebo Odularu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01794213003588958,"gpt":0.2616745815875833,"spread":0.2437324515516938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002012331,0.0001926136,0.0003215541,0.00007833366,0.000422128,0.00004191292,0.0001820864,0.0001643728,0.0001540998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002652073,0.0001674519,0.00004328295,0.00004313634,0.000656631,0.0001646534,0.00009413982,0.0002391385,0.0000118275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002840562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004801142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006068876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001058999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987568,0.00003497201,0.0004700895,0.0002611767,0.0001802282,0.0002967869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993696,0.000254697,0.000181812,0.0000439359,0.0000331605,0.0001168357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001035961,0.000005568639,0.0005417762,0.00001716668,0.0000287103,0.000001449013,0.008932533,9.321749e-7,1.509668e-7,0.9737396,0.0001750827,0.0165467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001226978,0.0000063907,0.004532173,0.0000396407,0.00001205462,5.255853e-7,0.002241597,0.000003999684,0.000001490384,0.1702401,0.8226022,0.0001971384],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009402363,0.00195613,0.00001576113,0.02115736,0.0003470191,0.0002134903,0.00005999739,0.00001895317,0.9752911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9653562,0.003124736,0.001329534,0.0004089019,0.00133118,0.00002843457,0.00003818731,0.00003234489,0.02835051],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.964416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6828492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092759","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_3","title":"Exploring the Energy Transition to LPG in the Nigerian Household Sector: A Scenario-Based Modeling Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Liquefied petroleum gas; Energy modeling; Fuel poverty; Scenario analysis; Energy transition; Mainstreaming; Environmental economics; Energy sector; Range (aeronautics); Energy (signal processing); Discrete choice; Energy demand; Natural resource economics; Sustainable energy; Economics; Business; Efficient energy use; Engineering; Waste management; Renewable energy; Econometrics","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08238233590824394,"gpt":0.2275654366483597,"spread":0.1451831007401158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003495714,0.0002813422,0.0002802462,0.00007913468,0.0002436129,0.00004222987,0.0002695423,0.0001065968,0.00005881134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005057384,0.0002106023,0.00005874818,0.0000512329,0.0002183378,0.0001980092,0.0001030213,0.0002570507,0.00004091753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008114948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004421267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00063001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002478348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983996,0.00005289965,0.0003793067,0.0004206176,0.0001886451,0.0005589635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995474,0.0001215502,0.0000507944,0.000144678,0.000001116311,0.0001344995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001203788,0.0001122981,0.0002809533,0.00005146429,0.00003885048,0.00002633075,0.01749817,0.5457153,0.000009230936,0.4053009,0.0001229065,0.03072317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002738544,0.0003390962,0.02789711,0.0005112716,0.0001124767,0.00002242381,0.01167459,0.02496685,0.0001848813,0.1917709,0.7347607,0.005021152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2174676,0.0002426348,0.004649906,0.01068132,0.0007040703,0.001118257,0.0001374718,0.0001454003,0.7648533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950029,0.0002382872,0.0003804318,0.002200473,0.0001572679,0.0001993426,0.00002914029,0.00004279301,0.001749409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7775352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8588114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739002189","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-59235-0_8","title":"From Reservoir to Corridor: Changing Patterns of Migration in Mozambique","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"African history and culture studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Politics; Colonialism; Inclusion (mineral); Perspective (graphical); Anachronism; Human migration; Economic geography; Development economics; Political science; Sociology; Gender studies; Population; Archaeology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"David M. Matsinhe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nene Ernest Khalema","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maximino S. G. Constumado","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02874188049480787,"gpt":0.3000979199878105,"spread":0.2713560394930026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002912233,0.0002129933,0.0005292023,0.0001709963,0.0004181481,0.00002612558,0.0002387382,0.0001945083,0.0001188935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004976701,0.0002302761,0.00005602817,0.00001709351,0.0003785572,0.0001735379,0.000140272,0.000191194,0.00001934048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001004765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002832538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004353697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1558636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985451,0.00004726882,0.0004485851,0.0003597854,0.0001389772,0.0004603602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999379,0.0001275172,0.0002120797,0.0001029057,0.00003373396,0.0001446974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003839975,0.00002196831,0.005732194,0.00003456075,0.00002769175,0.000008048074,0.1088597,0.000002198452,8.447926e-7,0.8765904,0.0001095846,0.008574426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002059349,0.00002405215,0.004476101,0.0002114165,0.00001059848,1.239866e-7,0.01964518,9.897659e-7,0.00001044859,0.07730486,0.8977132,0.00039705],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04704681,0.0008120647,0.00003462343,0.002472828,0.0005268782,0.000434934,0.0002518234,0.00002107232,0.9483989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.953976,0.0006948556,0.0002388059,0.0001771785,0.0006706953,0.00005871216,0.00002665878,0.00001989186,0.04413717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9069292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9390388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409461113","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85911-3_7","title":"Electoral Democracy, Collaborative Partners, and the First Component of the APRM in Tanzania","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Tanzania; Democracy; Component (thermodynamics); Political science; Socioeconomics; Sociology; Law; Politics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Tunde A. Abioro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adeyemo Adedayo Isaiah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francis Oluyemi Fagbohun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01450743614308445,"gpt":0.2908751353046418,"spread":0.2763676991615573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004109443,0.0002251224,0.0005713147,0.00005397811,0.0004355584,0.00003972261,0.0002883596,0.0001782434,0.00004141712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009907309,0.0001628804,0.00006362873,0.00006597437,0.002707449,0.00009995843,0.0002022767,0.0003045381,0.000003387526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006716952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000936606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001889486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03271517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983659,0.0001059319,0.0005371468,0.0002887856,0.0001774003,0.0005248771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987693,0.000784102,0.000200263,0.00009574241,0.00004092725,0.0001097079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005789128,0.00001115494,0.003383123,0.00002811968,0.00002054285,0.000001102621,0.003613495,3.499684e-7,6.020501e-8,0.9908361,0.0001278106,0.001920209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006474738,0.000009564934,0.01487417,0.0001082679,0.00001514914,2.413213e-7,0.0008419233,0.000006855993,0.000007604891,0.2283563,0.7549194,0.0002130664],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005368125,0.002493977,0.000003716936,0.0208381,0.0002949843,0.0006965606,0.0001361612,0.00001109392,0.9701573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9633347,0.001385622,0.00006967161,0.001248837,0.0001913402,0.00004806234,0.000003914174,0.00001309951,0.03370471],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9579666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092761","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_2","title":"Improving Rural Electrification Access in Cameroon: A Qualitative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Rural electrification; Electrification; Stakeholder; Economic growth; Business; Agency (philosophy); Electricity; Qualitative research; Data collection; Rural area; Political science; Economics; Engineering; Public relations; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03028314412708505,"gpt":0.3164405242754661,"spread":0.286157380148381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003853659,0.0002917915,0.0003970662,0.0001130768,0.0001279003,0.00004096633,0.0002275612,0.0001492731,0.0003065503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001814012,0.0003055223,0.00003623228,0.00004858101,0.0003000839,0.0003903024,0.0002096065,0.0002906421,0.0002400728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001618856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006028249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009498058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005990748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982187,0.00006615321,0.000533184,0.0004540667,0.0001593958,0.0005684927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994075,0.0001771659,0.000160713,0.0001034001,0.00000206085,0.0001491449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002917043,0.0005069061,0.02923167,0.0001258525,0.0001463661,0.00008334937,0.1144039,0.0008719784,0.00004006867,0.5806099,0.0001963487,0.2734919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004060517,0.0006463089,0.4148298,0.0002492927,0.00009396641,0.00000792062,0.08381698,0.0001666575,0.0002329788,0.4028427,0.08856197,0.004490955],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4215349,0.0002096235,0.00004444682,0.0008202916,0.0003195264,0.0009555576,0.00004475441,0.00006975529,0.5760012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778895,0.0002219092,0.00009951466,0.0001295566,0.00007309022,0.00009218096,0.00002820508,0.0000360539,0.02143002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5563546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393324214","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47168-1_14","title":"Kidnapping for Ransom (K4R) and the Challenges of Nigeria’s International Image","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Ransom; History; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Olusola Ogunnubi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dare Leke Idowu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02408280195364029,"gpt":0.3106476017660172,"spread":0.2865647998123769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005798325,0.0002497219,0.0005305493,0.0001049266,0.0002175079,0.00007016317,0.0002712143,0.000206065,0.00007428502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000546235,0.0002094915,0.0001141306,0.00001274083,0.00192857,0.0001814261,0.0001254375,0.0002223341,0.00001342655],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003416715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002852613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001585163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001237528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983392,0.00004285785,0.0005670324,0.000396819,0.0001644447,0.0004896444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989038,0.0006716248,0.000135205,0.00007978036,0.00004948611,0.0001601646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000586092,0.000007491059,0.00001825409,0.0001101431,0.00005883138,0.000001632696,0.03592244,4.978025e-8,3.001311e-7,0.9467503,0.00004038191,0.01703151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000541263,0.00001845546,0.0001036074,0.0001940996,0.00002599314,0.00000113448,0.03429333,0.00001035682,0.000004357185,0.5102426,0.4542951,0.0002696922],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002229919,0.009891923,0.0001457466,0.03162523,0.001999024,0.0007688981,0.0003247455,0.00004553186,0.952969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698865,0.01050824,0.0001789175,0.0003733945,0.001223635,0.0001090463,0.00001155195,0.00003439553,0.01767426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9676566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8542814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2584955378","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-45569-3_7","title":"Africa–Brazil Regional Trade Agreements: Looking Forward with Proactive Strategies","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Trade facilitation; International trade; Harmonization; Politics; Business; Disadvantage; Resource (disambiguation); International economics; Trade barrier; Economics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Bamidele Adekunle","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mariama Deen-Swarray","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02892510231416903,"gpt":0.3081188133075416,"spread":0.2791937109933726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003047531,0.0003978425,0.0005178507,0.0001719361,0.0009850558,0.0002479453,0.000401585,0.0002552328,0.000272123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002097471,0.0003810078,0.00008050688,0.00001590987,0.001259979,0.0008083961,0.0001098566,0.0003460092,0.00004564311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001379523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00167053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001781659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005365025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977305,0.00003744692,0.0004902558,0.0005540506,0.0004155911,0.0007721346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990894,0.000185957,0.0003373862,0.0001036337,0.00005318329,0.0002304482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006312159,0.00002203645,0.0002342067,0.00002108651,0.0001268211,0.0000134306,0.01231038,9.562664e-7,1.50612e-7,0.9742492,0.0002835064,0.01267508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000384427,0.00003432801,0.002153094,0.0001611181,0.00002035069,0.000001525629,0.0056599,0.000001453972,0.000004568754,0.2441283,0.7469066,0.0005443259],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004389936,0.0003491021,0.00003393983,0.004622855,0.0002745572,0.0003918862,0.00004412758,0.00003561432,0.9938089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7893223,0.00134862,0.001950653,0.0004948775,0.001354177,0.0001667589,0.0001077203,0.00007999191,0.2051749],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7888833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403433242","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-52905-4_16","title":"Ogoni Women’s Peace, Nonviolence and Feminist Resistance","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Resistance (ecology); Gender studies; Political science; Sociology; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Domale Dube Keys","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01679252416410671,"gpt":0.223889292870498,"spread":0.2070967687063913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001304528,0.000424979,0.0006395082,0.0001271557,0.0003279098,0.000160468,0.0001626596,0.0001714993,0.0007011959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008103023,0.0004073806,0.00006932645,0.000009387365,0.001481697,0.0001669785,0.0001721705,0.0004230584,0.0002088203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001153279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002030901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004821413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001291174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997884,0.00001436839,0.0006441769,0.0006111371,0.0001312611,0.0007150597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992387,0.000167785,0.00009932629,0.0001098801,0.0000225995,0.0003617388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002583479,0.00001454568,0.00002323471,0.0002433937,0.00003229147,0.00002471852,0.008761225,3.385775e-8,3.908984e-8,0.9855492,0.0003901119,0.004935355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001020333,0.00002502056,0.00002468273,0.0001101238,0.00001054247,0.000001425557,0.001187687,0.000005321684,2.053574e-7,0.3372917,0.6608698,0.0003714451],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001121054,0.00612769,0.000002143053,0.001004044,0.0006301996,0.0001645982,0.0003879148,0.00005570673,0.9905066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3233086,0.001137004,0.00008011143,0.0007528354,0.0009290315,0.00008821275,0.00002960552,0.00005955473,0.6736151],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6604797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412035066","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85810-9_10","title":"Cooperation Between Baden-Württemberg and Africa: Growing the Efforts of a German Federal State in Economic Cooperation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"European Union Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Library of Parliament","funders":"","keywords":"German; Federal state; State (computer science); Political science; Public administration; Economic growth; Geography; Economics; Archaeology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Sarah Hübner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02004663831592761,"gpt":0.2953656955818398,"spread":0.2753190572659122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005281123,0.0002275602,0.0004621912,0.0001160342,0.0003915309,0.00008318797,0.0001641568,0.0001431116,0.00004045722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003199985,0.0002175327,0.00004165178,0.00003230307,0.0005968877,0.0003808134,0.0001187344,0.0002518916,0.000009721969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006919699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005759983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001288246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01309027,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983311,0.0001155659,0.000688371,0.0003466383,0.00009636779,0.0004219857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992334,0.0003545646,0.0002048221,0.00007938505,0.0000236862,0.0001041315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001541821,0.000006267808,0.001305146,0.00003319761,0.0000210677,0.000002024555,0.006981522,0.00001187598,4.67665e-7,0.982406,0.000116911,0.009100085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005942173,0.00003464048,0.01141985,0.0002012294,0.00001889574,7.981998e-7,0.0005957104,0.00002546875,0.00003804452,0.08228968,0.9042662,0.0005152927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06622533,0.001123649,0.00004525518,0.002388486,0.0002948078,0.0005719772,0.0001819313,0.00002109762,0.9291475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9583387,0.001812943,0.00007749983,0.000301884,0.0002946006,0.00002192853,0.00002135745,0.00001808154,0.03911306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9041492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8870725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092447","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_7","title":"Future Research Directions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Software deployment; Sustainable development; Field (mathematics); Energy (signal processing); Sustainable energy; Environmental economics; Business; Political science; Engineering; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03854818593333807,"gpt":0.3012025467569766,"spread":0.2626543608236385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003290683,0.0002383509,0.0002897923,0.0001063827,0.0003686425,0.00002733435,0.000170412,0.0002491519,0.001746765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001052206,0.0002413255,0.00004821865,0.00004266426,0.0007213698,0.0001681251,0.0003503896,0.0004573115,0.002015622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001317989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005423322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001192934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00176707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982561,0.00003473348,0.0003225089,0.0004630236,0.000214434,0.0007092396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994071,0.0001657066,0.00005486495,0.0001156757,0.000002808985,0.0002538975],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000174851,0.00002600169,0.0009769978,0.00001876856,0.00002452675,0.00001807519,0.0008416866,0.00004319318,0.000001464374,0.9067183,0.001487224,0.08982632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001020204,0.00001912647,0.01274201,0.00001785382,0.000004189402,0.000001922366,0.0002337873,0.00000190519,0.000007835271,0.1086601,0.8779361,0.0002731188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001728896,0.0003766832,0.000001987068,0.001688841,0.0004004031,0.0001366164,0.00003058375,0.00004028162,0.9955957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1624015,0.01204734,0.0006515858,0.0004656641,0.001344048,0.0001128447,0.00006911947,0.000117764,0.8227901],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8764489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389092496","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-48528-2_6","title":"Renewable Energy Dynamics in the North Africa: A System Thinking Approach with the Algerian Case Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in African economic, social and political development","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Causal loop diagram; Electricity; Mains electricity; System dynamics; Electricity market; Greenhouse gas; Electricity system; Electricity generation; Natural resource economics; Economy; Economics; Environmental economics; Business; Engineering; Power (physics); Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Qudrat‐Ullah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01881470797655545,"gpt":0.2088048163125743,"spread":0.1899901083360189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004560326,0.0003552185,0.0003927308,0.00006161086,0.0004589722,0.00006483601,0.0003678052,0.0001242517,0.00003405182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003285264,0.0002236151,0.00004053866,0.00007424127,0.000461084,0.0001523662,0.0002976702,0.0002937005,0.00002467542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001843916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005429588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005368258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1575949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981285,0.00009589907,0.0004039888,0.0004996985,0.0002508807,0.000621066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999317,0.0002080166,0.0001444727,0.0002132907,0.000002033834,0.0001151503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001063875,0.0003063983,0.02246496,0.00009430121,0.0001891665,0.002251248,0.04765076,0.01672239,8.022472e-8,0.9004752,0.0003405818,0.00939853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003689537,0.0008608434,0.05500921,0.0003144893,0.0003465227,0.001547346,0.4815924,0.002925719,0.0000025241,0.05956252,0.3893362,0.004812738],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05218739,0.0001130395,0.0001242691,0.0004987921,0.0001139754,0.0005247277,0.0000337455,0.00004284423,0.9463612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831392,0.00006715174,0.0001793902,0.0001687902,0.00008680536,0.0001509404,0.00002270238,0.00004131903,0.01614374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9309518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9118757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}