{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d1c11bed2483","filters":{"venue":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration"}},"results":[{"id":"W4320808006","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.ncpdir.176","title":"Forward and Inverse Calculations for Near-Infrared Imaging Using a Multigrid Finite Difference Method","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program","funders":"","keywords":"Multigrid method; Inverse problem; Finite difference method; Simple (philosophy); Inverse; Computer science; Infrared; Finite difference; Medical imaging; Diffusion; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Partial differential equation; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Brian W. Pogue","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael S. Patterson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01637829185589871,"gpt":0.3567956432043931,"spread":0.3404173513484944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003180983,0.0001564697,0.0002570623,0.0001345629,0.0003290232,0.00008183611,0.00004445125,0.00002310908,0.000011654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000302266,0.0001525513,0.0000510266,0.0001958078,0.0001737721,0.0002903791,0.00006912684,0.0002738914,1.7927e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008958186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004456004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001293155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002424326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988702,0.00006120469,0.0002736236,0.0003694448,0.0001610405,0.0002645119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.0003854615,0.00006092446,0.0001442509,0.00006304097,0.0001110836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001352776,0.0007445776,0.4867139,0.0007606922,0.00006371899,0.0001161619,0.00543295,0.007159179,0.2528047,0.01089877,0.0002991253,0.2336534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009099112,0.00009745859,0.00288866,0.0000804703,0.00006854011,0.00007828054,0.0005173978,0.980977,0.004905061,0.005752494,0.003545382,0.0001793281],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4156189,0.001998189,0.5793609,0.001541742,0.0001113893,0.0007412056,0.00003630189,0.0001356168,0.0004557637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5025016,0.0002135587,0.4963964,0.0006012587,0.00002647744,0.0001283266,0.00004009039,0.0000180769,0.00007425239],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9738178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6220863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320805920","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.wpl.58","title":"Theory of Multiple-Light-Scattering Spectroscopy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Algorithm; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Sajeev John","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007514194840687896,"gpt":0.297750227102934,"spread":0.2902360322622461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003260286,0.0001141172,0.0002291313,0.0001375315,0.00008211951,0.00001540401,0.0000572357,0.00001732404,0.00005816628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001056739,0.0001063476,0.00004371066,0.000178039,0.0001391032,0.0001864541,0.00005906462,0.0002863658,8.443373e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006595276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001926062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002253306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006638614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990481,0.00005592776,0.0002625978,0.0002453202,0.0001889859,0.0001990266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995468,0.0001500385,0.00005407767,0.0001607845,0.00002839067,0.00005988813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004818165,0.0002836163,0.1417367,0.0001242913,0.000009775464,0.00003372636,0.0006171533,0.00005202634,0.829502,0.0136886,0.00006059472,0.01340972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001332869,0.0005996988,0.01067877,0.0001884933,0.00006083803,0.0001677402,0.00131213,0.02668621,0.9310988,0.01991305,0.007661114,0.0003003356],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700074,0.00325589,0.01661831,0.002006077,0.0001240984,0.000312887,0.000006835114,0.0001189749,0.007549502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9719473,0.0005313748,0.02707094,0.0002871005,0.0000261337,0.00005116424,0.00001238266,0.00001447346,0.00005917108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.131058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4336729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320807888","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.apmpdwi.74","title":"Perturbation Calculations of Photon Density Waves Interfering in an Inhomogeneous Tissue-Simulating Medium","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Perturbation (astronomy); Photon; Physics; Computational physics; Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics); Acoustics; Optics; Quantum electrodynamics; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Brian W. Pogue","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael S. Patterson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01052587802223283,"gpt":0.324810576509624,"spread":0.3142846984873912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003098689,0.0001265376,0.000256861,0.000230577,0.00009468773,0.00002339492,0.00005312014,0.00003187917,0.00002638351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001436886,0.000128389,0.00002820168,0.0002694089,0.0001094706,0.0003625638,0.00005810902,0.0003138213,2.510395e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001316375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002985917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001987296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002159084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988333,0.00007670961,0.0003865749,0.0002912314,0.0002180588,0.0001941405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995071,0.0001322698,0.00007274044,0.000155296,0.00006312547,0.00006945763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004097871,0.0005565278,0.3595917,0.0001891195,0.000008351508,0.00008333639,0.004160489,0.004711377,0.5987364,0.002584044,0.000006524924,0.02896239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008766237,0.0005610012,0.02422526,0.0002196402,0.00003542162,0.0001053351,0.001370437,0.6680854,0.2993594,0.004464466,0.0004419557,0.0002550822],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923099,0.0007022228,0.005401101,0.0005535819,0.00007279424,0.0002869582,0.000003661193,0.00006251255,0.0006073136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834306,0.0002210824,0.01607255,0.0001160632,0.0000250145,0.00004093234,0.00004820907,0.00001484591,0.00003075156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.663374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.523555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320807896","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.apmpdwi.96","title":"Effect of Finite Volumes on Noninvasive Frequency-Domain Measurements of Tissue Optical Properties","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Attenuation coefficient; Frequency domain; Diffusion; Materials science; Absorption (acoustics); Finite element method; Biomedical engineering; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Thermodynamics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Michael S. Patterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian W. Pogue","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01194871493113242,"gpt":0.3080383309950924,"spread":0.2960896160639599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005844246,0.0001579635,0.0003891979,0.0001553325,0.0000684944,0.00001208866,0.00006722697,0.00003008495,0.00002628393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004158002,0.0001271308,0.00005190696,0.0001947776,0.0002942386,0.000156536,0.00004392802,0.0002902219,0.000001011402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007830912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003689272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006142603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008750519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986125,0.0001391994,0.0003633377,0.0002695362,0.0004115552,0.0002038416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993236,0.0002688918,0.00008530546,0.0001802512,0.00007511496,0.00006680202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001372876,0.0005232815,0.09547104,0.0006803215,0.00003030276,0.00004894336,0.0008087869,0.000193704,0.8737215,0.002767858,0.00003558581,0.02434583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009310368,0.003353329,0.0008575619,0.0003563634,0.00005645983,0.00003155678,0.0001804621,0.002686535,0.9896239,0.00161547,0.0001702073,0.0001371185],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98965,0.002059705,0.001262954,0.0005678878,0.00007867663,0.0005367336,0.00000746125,0.00004633758,0.00579027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847047,0.0001806017,0.014842,0.00008953134,0.00001769012,0.0001008756,0.00001195858,0.00001538159,0.00003728806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1159024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5184243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}