{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"604cf608793c","filters":{"venue":"African Journal of Plant Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W2564664776","doi":"10.5897/ajps2014.1203","title":"Maize: Panacea for hunger in Nigeria","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Plant Science","topic":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; University of Cambridge; International Development Research Centre; Iowa State University; Consortia for Improving Medicine with Innovation and Technology","keywords":"Agronomy; Striga; Biology; Crop; Sorghum; Livestock; Agriculture; Food security; Staple food; Agroforestry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Bolanle Olaniyan Amudalat","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04569244510081935,"gpt":0.2459594863568641,"spread":0.2002670412560447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001701961,0.00006008102,0.0001490921,0.0000295987,0.00008011192,0.00005879748,0.000438286,0.00002491166,0.00002357368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000403,0.00002067393,0.00005210403,0.0004449602,0.0001530338,0.0002212792,0.00003349112,0.00008327292,0.000002699925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004707498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008183889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000081201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005876559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990301,0.00002770572,0.0002512115,0.000126249,0.0003233954,0.0002413464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993021,0.0001577444,0.0001339623,0.00003468596,0.0001687459,0.0002026847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001329856,0.0004954108,0.2484006,0.00001457028,0.00001439515,0.0001439956,0.005458484,0.00007526977,0.6436503,0.001205234,0.01341187,0.08580006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009938823,0.001926277,0.9025618,0.00008709767,0.00001283449,0.0002522098,0.01517214,0.0004672443,0.00670831,0.006762394,0.06463213,0.0004236485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99735,0.00007293305,0.00001037431,0.001324417,0.0002645759,0.00006997972,0.00003097155,0.000004381661,0.0008723716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995141,0.000005996282,0.0001908632,0.00008801941,0.0001293794,0.000001336781,0.000001231164,2.319931e-7,0.00006885629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6541613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08430585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125503070","doi":"10.5897/ajps.9000009","title":"Agronomic, culinary, and genetic characterization of selected cowpea elite lines using farmers' and breeder's knowledge: a case study from Malawi.","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Plant Science","topic":"Agricultural pest management studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Tanzania; Crop; Selection (genetic algorithm); Habit; Agricultural science; Agronomy; Geography","authors":[{"name":"K. K. Nkongolo","is_ca":true},{"name":"James Bokosi","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Malusi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Z. Vokhiwa","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Mphepo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02120314143397044,"gpt":0.2330696182468376,"spread":0.2118664768128671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002329632,0.000122892,0.0002404951,0.00004761913,0.0003085241,0.00008229613,0.000186401,0.00002039986,0.000006285779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003677348,0.00004790804,0.00002367692,0.0006077649,0.0002004839,0.0003133726,0.00009728364,0.00007188769,3.701379e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002347311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001581815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002334638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001190902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990183,0.00006024292,0.0003379222,0.0002122562,0.0001939797,0.0001773066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991768,0.00008031865,0.0003873302,0.00003020884,0.0002217073,0.0001036107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003767076,0.0001541701,0.07316018,0.000003253762,0.00002349968,0.0002083989,0.001599158,0.000006700946,0.9070669,0.000003728643,0.00001514688,0.01772118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001845221,0.0007771981,0.990697,0.00003985102,0.00006212246,0.0009261423,0.006107366,0.0005919104,0.0004152296,0.00001557941,0.00006511461,0.0001179215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991001,0.0003064428,0.0000131207,0.0002986231,0.00005798853,0.0001652551,0.00003239376,0.000006944364,0.00001910281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993503,0.0002056072,0.0002940432,0.00002123549,0.0001152618,4.70343e-7,0.000003437099,4.408601e-7,0.000009175648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9175369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2372949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2946420757","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1783","title":"Genetic diversity, variability and characterization of the agro-morphological traits of Northern Ghana Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima) accessions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Plant Science","topic":"Hibiscus Plant Research Studies","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hatch (Canada)","funders":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Biology; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Genetic diversity; Crop; Population; Horticulture; Agronomy; Trait; Botany","authors":[{"name":"Yaqueline Antonia","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Ankrah Nii","is_ca":true},{"name":"Coffie Nancy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Niagiah Achana","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06684127396593396,"gpt":0.3571744618513385,"spread":0.2903331878854045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002258528,0.0001184345,0.0003276192,0.0001467126,0.0004463858,0.00001442887,0.0008677112,0.00008540145,0.0002072204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005358554,0.00006724778,0.00007489021,0.000540157,0.001258476,0.0001963636,0.0007181501,0.0004636727,0.00000317822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004707854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003311348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001539214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002234605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979983,0.0004797068,0.0004268434,0.000208911,0.0005802854,0.0003059351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980896,0.000729085,0.0005744334,0.0001404442,0.0003011715,0.0001653281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001145327,0.0001462258,0.4566184,0.00003006714,0.00003519392,0.00001778473,0.001640658,0.00006877627,0.5404468,0.00006459064,0.00005187354,0.0007650449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005232863,0.0003078619,0.9714351,0.00005762991,0.00007467,0.0001976141,0.000427422,0.0004764221,0.02599364,0.0001464325,0.0002615888,0.00009829109],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981927,0.00004466953,0.00006912074,0.0004321017,0.0002882813,0.0002401739,0.000362284,0.00000398682,0.0003666605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995657,0.0001372839,0.0001441978,0.00005513666,0.00002915772,9.73431e-7,0.000001315314,0.000003122848,0.00006318115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5148167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4636908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607282754","doi":"10.5897/ajps2017.1536","title":"Variation of leaf and fruit characteristics of Vitellaria paradoxa (shea tree) according to agronomical performance along south-north climatic gradient in Mali","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Plant Science","topic":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian International Development Agency","keywords":"Petiole (insect anatomy); Horticulture; Biology; Pulp (tooth); Laminar flow; Botany; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Allaye Kelly Bokary","is_ca":false},{"name":"Senou Oumar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0238719357771862,"gpt":0.2159059508663685,"spread":0.1920340150891823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009999576,0.00009299922,0.0003553902,0.00006112574,0.0003255915,0.00004206915,0.000489018,0.00003028932,0.00000500029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003498108,0.0000422043,0.00004002779,0.0002168962,0.0004424008,0.0002917783,0.0001501842,0.0001032938,9.757434e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003667781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002893828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005757481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002544856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988282,0.00003444553,0.0005096435,0.0001589855,0.0002212079,0.00024747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986955,0.0001891076,0.0008470579,0.00007071198,0.00008752779,0.0001101029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007981053,0.00003941271,0.9607455,0.000008244016,0.0000078342,0.00000579796,0.001600817,0.00001419867,0.03243763,0.00005803367,0.000002272029,0.005000501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001154875,0.0004806517,0.9968219,0.00006067376,0.0000153355,0.00002343484,0.001744421,0.0003448872,0.0002668173,0.00002869244,0.00001924659,0.00007847528],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993416,0.00001587934,0.000009515192,0.0003174818,0.0001368653,0.0000842025,0.00004006614,0.000001749206,0.00005261786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996139,0.00004476457,0.0002654464,0.0000166726,0.00005280216,0.00000115444,7.572185e-7,5.236345e-7,0.000003993267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03607642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.250422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562823897","doi":"10.5897/ajps2015.1294","title":"Re-evaluating TiCl4 and UV assays for detection of vicine and convicine in high-throughput screening of immature and mature seeds of faba bean","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Plant Science","topic":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Vicia faba; Biology; Crop; Trichloroacetic acid; Absorption (acoustics); Horticulture; Agronomy; Biochemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ferhatoglu Yurdagul","is_ca":true},{"name":"V A Albert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03407092200323601,"gpt":0.2427684743962964,"spread":0.2086975523930604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009737788,0.00006310796,0.0002198123,0.00003161683,0.00006080078,0.000007523743,0.00007744905,0.00002709431,0.000001302617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001234127,0.00002581936,0.00001417569,0.0001966489,0.000379586,0.0000918208,0.00006145963,0.00006286486,1.295828e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008714456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007218285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001141393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009547602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992781,0.00002516319,0.0002518148,0.0001030896,0.0002364777,0.0001053375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993996,0.0001310529,0.0003131021,0.00001990937,0.0000747823,0.00006152462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001862181,0.00001722441,0.0629936,0.00002229344,0.000007042661,0.00000111442,0.001046448,0.00004306978,0.9279234,0.00001518023,0.000009968228,0.007734471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000573629,0.002242446,0.934311,0.0001384048,0.00002952115,0.00005681753,0.01654602,0.0005106713,0.0452378,0.0002566959,0.00003087836,0.00006615491],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985902,0.0008252144,0.00007530598,0.0003503558,0.00002675885,0.00007558973,0.00003242333,8.173695e-7,0.00002337088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976124,0.0001017448,0.002245323,0.00001231118,0.00002204721,4.310533e-7,8.767636e-7,4.33291e-7,0.000004428702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8826855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}