{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":472,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":472,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"eb16b8ddbe83","filters":{"venue":"American Journal of Botany"}},"results":[{"id":"W2113079967","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1000364","title":"The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1317,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biodiversity; Biology; Ecosystem diversity; Ecosystem; Ecology; Trophic level; Species richness; Biomass (ecology); Diversity (politics); Primary producers; Food web; Ecosystem services; Convention on Biological Diversity; Environmental resource management; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07928633556873727,"gpt":0.2309670153273547,"spread":0.1516806797586175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004044615,0.0001221113,0.0007557135,0.00001430593,0.0001543673,0.00001024853,0.0003136221,0.00003154667,0.00003487158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003640054,0.00003152523,0.0002978944,0.0002667991,0.0001250582,0.00003954598,0.0001398123,0.0001936636,0.000006495206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003015661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002031934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002710346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001218646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990405,0.0001267179,0.0004210867,0.00009739974,0.000172909,0.000141315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986337,0.0002570286,0.0009712855,0.00001815442,0.00007950731,0.00004028662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002416749,0.00002824235,0.002979298,0.00003228971,0.0000727005,0.000003474005,0.00002728087,1.557985e-8,0.0000470381,0.0000268614,0.000239493,0.9965191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002286013,0.0004225305,0.02076083,0.0008099314,0.00007705759,0.00006051461,0.000371301,1.129158e-7,0.000001159696,0.00004238433,0.9773481,0.00008320498],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04811278,0.9513474,4.208239e-8,0.00003068535,0.00008557185,0.00007555017,0.00002554561,0.000002064697,0.000320415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04490598,0.9547565,0.000003451787,0.000004801505,0.0002757358,0.000001418926,7.380022e-7,5.523158e-7,0.00005080391],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9964359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1285561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064911343","doi":"10.3732/ajb.0800079","title":"Polyploidy and angiosperm diversification","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1287,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Polyploid; Eudicots; Evolutionary biology; Lineage (genetic); Genome; Phylogenomics; Fabaceae; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Plant evolution; Clade; Adaptive radiation; Botany; Genetics; Taxonomy (biology); Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008005390120940318,"gpt":0.2019344830561781,"spread":0.1939290929352378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006636207,0.00004158092,0.00009051176,0.000007045956,0.00006614834,0.00001925303,0.00007415952,0.00001050277,0.00006156418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001530873,0.00001553613,0.00004221142,0.0001590996,0.00004438692,0.00005960145,0.000007429794,0.00004184974,0.000003393935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008209893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003993242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002209632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001057958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996355,0.00001989327,0.0001197817,0.0000564788,0.00009403453,0.00007437514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996823,0.00003696041,0.000143191,0.00001683772,0.00004881163,0.00007186945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001839608,0.0000480977,0.01339595,1.342452e-7,0.000008924875,0.000003859919,0.0001279592,8.309396e-7,0.3719668,0.0002153504,0.00009501315,0.6141186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000068219,0.0009820578,0.9937541,0.000005390772,0.0000130001,0.00007108421,0.0004242778,0.00001085098,0.0005174244,0.0006639526,0.003438332,0.00005123774],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939272,0.000229003,0.000009715123,0.005550806,0.00002916954,0.00001970693,0.00000353238,0.000004978614,0.0002259205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990116,0.0001024935,0.0003798954,0.000323942,0.0001526834,1.035706e-7,5.425168e-7,1.612149e-7,0.00002855167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9803582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06740846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150227862","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446","title":"Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":821,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Basidiomycota; Ascomycota; Phylogenetic tree; Locus (genetics); Phylogenetics; Evolutionary biology; Chytridiomycota; Botany; Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01159505918980005,"gpt":0.2116705873947825,"spread":0.2000755282049825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024384,0.00006162885,0.0001807673,0.00001723107,0.00006772542,0.00001312369,0.0001374594,0.00002156262,0.00005156379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001253673,0.0000213382,0.0000801018,0.0002968438,0.00007386557,0.00009841198,0.00001007174,0.000114035,0.000001821207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001734077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003459494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000179499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005106978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992589,0.00006518873,0.000339641,0.00006653182,0.0001782138,0.00009151523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987725,0.0003750275,0.0005935609,0.00002737485,0.0001676661,0.00006389239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001835162,0.0001384545,0.2687784,0.00000579065,0.00005682119,0.000003406733,0.0001896717,0.00002485924,0.6718856,0.002674483,0.0002225958,0.05583642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001148655,0.001244615,0.9896979,0.0001115468,0.00005716445,0.000184006,0.00313582,0.00007984878,0.002975921,0.0008246034,0.001485294,0.00008835766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957311,0.002141456,0.00008852113,0.001745045,0.00005820075,0.00005356519,0.00004308997,0.00000337351,0.0001356279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991641,0.0004101947,0.0002562895,0.0000253618,0.0001329153,8.459302e-7,0.000002584751,5.992712e-7,0.000007118064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7209196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08701466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136933815","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200572","title":"Inside the root microbiome: Bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":643,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Biology; Endophyte; Abiotic component; Microbiome; Plant growth; Botany; Plant community; Ecology; Species richness; Plant root; Horticulture","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02465513108452727,"gpt":0.2442654167257549,"spread":0.2196102856412276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002968708,0.0002804535,0.0009571651,0.00004004859,0.0002135762,0.0002064557,0.0004239898,0.00007884415,0.0002084406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007015808,0.00007986929,0.0003219018,0.0003037428,0.0002193449,0.0002099112,0.0000959196,0.0005442021,0.00002554237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005529364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004148935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000399371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002013895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984022,0.0004010293,0.0006559882,0.0001677143,0.000134114,0.0002390044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978717,0.0004675188,0.001356449,0.00006980224,0.0001314602,0.0001031024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001744446,0.00007469795,0.00004143419,0.00007263944,0.0001241107,0.00001292709,0.0000222703,8.378529e-9,0.02133934,0.000004452755,0.001433763,0.9768569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007142896,0.0009960503,0.002865445,0.001981735,0.0002167895,0.004105309,0.0001059285,2.443104e-7,0.000128201,0.00001920762,0.9892792,0.0002304516],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.4076622,0.5908509,7.992791e-7,0.0003691431,0.0005221804,0.0002740723,0.0002479008,0.000009933294,0.00006290706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03286673,0.9661772,0.00005588324,0.00003135725,0.0007561942,0.00001009951,0.00003760979,0.000003274208,0.00006163347],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9878454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3256975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977415869","doi":"10.3732/ajb.90.12.1758","title":"Angiosperm phylogeny based on <i>&lt;011&gt;mat</i><i>K</i> sequence information","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":524,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; California Department of Fish and Game; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Eudicots; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Phylogenomics; Botany; Gene; Clade; Genetics; Taxonomy (biology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01118757913343134,"gpt":0.1831856116228927,"spread":0.1719980324894613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002922553,0.00009932521,0.0001751546,0.00002794482,0.0001286601,0.00003551986,0.0001702405,0.00003128518,0.0001145473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008232852,0.00004002838,0.0001231016,0.0003644625,0.0000933422,0.0003583189,0.000008260249,0.0001208691,0.00006302646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005823123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002505488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004721823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002458299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999144,0.00009223063,0.0002218927,0.00007028667,0.000286921,0.0001846333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992872,0.0001088818,0.000342948,0.00003554748,0.000110079,0.0001153176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006500054,0.000379095,0.04228505,0.000009481491,0.00007581466,0.0001014465,0.0003940733,0.001033844,0.70385,0.001260878,0.01702591,0.2329344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001153102,0.006798127,0.4426329,0.0002024245,0.0001029917,0.000648982,0.002301245,0.001279053,0.01122095,0.0004611906,0.5323215,0.0008775174],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961459,0.00003395847,0.00008355655,0.0006163212,0.0001332413,0.00004262378,0.00003921452,0.00001335997,0.002891798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976911,0.00006255835,0.0004166456,0.001746075,0.00006275779,3.971418e-7,0.000004907164,3.842773e-7,0.00001515491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6926291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.163231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109409210","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.10.1481","title":"Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Protist diversity and phylogeny","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":445,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Plastid; Biology; Algae; Endosymbiosis; Phylogenetic tree; Botany; Green algae; Red algae; Phylogenetics; Haptophyte; Evolutionary biology; Gene; Ecology; Chloroplast; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006584594562872784,"gpt":0.1812352367571367,"spread":0.1746506421942639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006839797,0.0000561118,0.0001207639,0.00002708871,0.00008862567,9.855819e-7,0.00007768232,0.00002459817,0.000003001061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001965052,0.0000496362,0.00004096677,0.00002539976,0.0004018196,0.000004909989,0.0002744995,0.00005605042,1.463253e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003746328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007673025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005490137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004658349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996923,0.00002249638,0.00008815354,0.00007158549,0.00005895717,0.00006646127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996509,0.000008799112,0.0001563072,0.00005680996,0.00005999557,0.00006718497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009063056,0.0001665591,0.6399822,0.00002355137,0.00031843,0.00004234434,0.003546185,0.00004450802,0.3435546,0.0001476669,0.001277504,0.009990127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001254422,0.002952449,0.9777603,0.00004080654,0.00004904042,0.0004796478,0.0008866623,0.000003193813,0.009880264,0.0005525512,0.005962599,0.0001780668],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955744,0.003720737,0.0004469941,0.00007003729,0.0000668121,0.00002027017,0.000009826626,8.444263e-7,0.00009013795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988036,0.0005103066,0.0005104648,0.00009565322,0.00004320158,8.218343e-8,4.78316e-7,0.000002561287,0.00003362634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3377781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2024105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794830002","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.1048","title":"Plastid phylogenomic analysis of green plants: A billion years of evolutionary history","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":366,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; NdhF; Eudicots; Clade; Phylogenomics; Monophyly; Evolutionary biology; Botany; Plastid; Sister group; Paraphyly; Phylogenetics; Taxonomy (biology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008144765167107569,"gpt":0.2164069768262552,"spread":0.2082622116591476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001263374,0.00008390348,0.0003551199,0.0001938064,0.0000162417,9.819933e-7,0.0001741946,0.00003268,0.00002123476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003840102,0.00007952937,0.0002170129,0.0001803628,0.0004942958,8.903186e-7,0.00005397527,0.00004500952,8.695392e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003716895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001303059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001466094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003075031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992175,0.00004718969,0.0003767025,0.0001181457,0.0001262844,0.0001141695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988937,0.00002236622,0.0006581772,0.0001739068,0.0001968652,0.00005500517],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003068334,0.00006237864,0.03044725,0.000003493979,0.001473501,0.000003208473,0.0002773744,0.0001038556,0.9592391,0.000005393294,0.001139251,0.006938412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004978192,0.00396936,0.9487315,0.00002108268,0.0007095835,0.00004836524,0.0005000283,0.00009344157,0.01908315,0.00003506931,0.02611829,0.0001923359],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957581,0.003760902,0.000131184,0.00002148202,0.0001311472,0.0000267618,0.0000502221,4.482272e-7,0.0001197267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978125,0.0007063709,0.001195743,0.00006253045,0.0001712864,5.609172e-7,0.000002545491,0.000008495575,0.00003995296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9401559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3243114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110245550","doi":"10.2307/2656749","title":"Utility of 17 chloroplast genes for inferring the phylogeny of the basal angiosperms","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":362,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"NdhF; Biology; Clade; Monophyly; Botany; Eudicots; Taxon; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Coalescent theory; Evolutionary biology; Chloroplast DNA; Taxonomy (biology); Gene; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009175584408447226,"gpt":0.2201926831592669,"spread":0.2110170987508197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000150509,0.00007328807,0.0001675809,0.00001305709,0.00006158095,0.000005721843,0.0002716376,0.00002580468,0.00007207392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003829868,0.00004127734,0.0002343453,0.00009398221,0.0003271321,0.000003736266,0.00003042018,0.00006782718,3.677515e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004532757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005385542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002067707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004127406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993919,0.00003822538,0.0002686673,0.00007096553,0.0001119852,0.0001182394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993697,0.00002912938,0.0002782221,0.0001894451,0.00009991907,0.00003359795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002536935,0.00005313481,0.0247152,0.00000416333,0.0001146927,5.724388e-7,0.00007981835,0.0000534633,0.9543642,0.00001904805,0.001893026,0.01844896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006410287,0.001100325,0.5710179,0.00004461787,0.0001249236,0.0001336085,0.0007352465,0.0001728339,0.3256471,0.00008229144,0.1001311,0.0001689359],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978285,0.0008114753,0.0002721057,0.0001468305,0.00009242415,0.00006884853,0.0000786073,8.141586e-7,0.0007003596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988816,0.0003101306,0.0002681578,0.0001193306,0.0001803079,0.000001262453,0.000001418196,0.000006304176,0.0002314336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6287171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1683241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148100443","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1100136","title":"The insect‐pathogenic fungus <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> (Clavicipitaceae) is also an endophyte that stimulates plant root development","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Metarhizium; Root hair; Endophyte; Botany; Rhizosphere; Conidium; Germination; Metarhizium anisopliae; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02564866537257775,"gpt":0.2107924917957375,"spread":0.1851438264231597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000946444,0.000329105,0.0005167079,0.00003075071,0.0004542379,0.0001174158,0.001045103,0.0000687685,0.0004018244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006046413,0.0001187063,0.0002613032,0.0003588549,0.0002638572,0.0002673619,0.0001190288,0.0003587623,0.00003959041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008801829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008057631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001804564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009153606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974257,0.0003003074,0.0007615882,0.0003330488,0.0005507469,0.0006286082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979166,0.0003501178,0.000972416,0.0001906631,0.0002169284,0.000353261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004822956,0.0002699405,0.03834343,0.000002444772,0.0002463649,0.0001682286,0.002430113,0.00000357079,0.7252367,0.00004863707,0.000366117,0.2324022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00112258,0.005222583,0.7179295,0.0001138253,0.0003030792,0.00194913,0.003679889,0.0000570251,0.1903462,0.0007364987,0.07736635,0.001173294],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956277,0.003056497,0.00004461839,0.0003953234,0.0004315305,0.0001774159,0.00003708625,0.00003497994,0.0001948192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967327,0.0003484572,0.001609034,0.0008479565,0.0003290167,0.000006782707,0.000003319137,0.000006770532,0.0001159921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6795861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4840702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058498716","doi":"10.2307/3558427","title":"A molecular phylogeny of the grass subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) shows multiple origins of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; National Genealogical Society","keywords":"Biology; Subfamily; Poaceae; Phylogenetics; Botany; C4 photosynthesis; Photosynthesis; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01130042074519669,"gpt":0.1866795712570729,"spread":0.1753791505118762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003141844,0.0001691932,0.0004654756,0.00002265597,0.00007559026,0.00001251229,0.0005686499,0.00005299316,0.00002306243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000125703,0.00006413875,0.0003612276,0.0005936207,0.0003138306,0.00004859579,0.00005881267,0.0001785243,0.000001990318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003905306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004044143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002368286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004538644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984567,0.0002149188,0.0005584875,0.0001494205,0.000354446,0.0002660017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981654,0.0004273788,0.0009899756,0.0001162848,0.000179727,0.0001212794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103163,0.0001145067,0.07508069,0.000002444256,0.00006591842,0.00001601146,0.00002897169,0.00004161289,0.8671624,0.00002465057,0.00002525444,0.05733439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001583514,0.0005809056,0.2964373,0.00004910241,0.0000649697,0.0001143303,0.0003695541,0.00004828515,0.6973565,0.00006798687,0.004613491,0.0001392663],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998999,0.0003621796,0.00004023136,0.000170863,0.0001027558,0.0001181134,0.00009695737,0.000005113835,0.0001048129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990115,0.000511537,0.000183064,0.0001936433,0.00009216684,0.000002152758,8.254793e-7,0.000002090033,0.00000297809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2213566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2615502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898357121","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.1178","title":"Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multi‐gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Phylogenomics; Biology; NdhF; Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetics; Chloroplast DNA; Clade; Gene; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07795960986486011,"gpt":0.2613478852966695,"spread":0.1833882754318094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002375737,0.00006235445,0.0001818382,0.00001813889,0.0001229971,0.000006803808,0.0001704675,0.00001828392,0.00002967142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004296468,0.00002116136,0.00009199802,0.0001700109,0.0005296681,0.00006548581,0.00002601522,0.00004609255,5.466247e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001119301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001738258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001805467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008039553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994417,0.000033772,0.000245297,0.00007158261,0.0001245082,0.00008310921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987315,0.0002970296,0.0005657949,0.00003792637,0.0003368026,0.00003096524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008454679,0.0001034453,0.02752336,0.000002848938,0.0002082107,2.100449e-7,0.0005990136,0.002374104,0.9629413,0.00006560485,0.002466301,0.002870169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004175036,0.001057996,0.919857,0.00001905001,0.0001697919,0.00001430111,0.004010621,0.0504126,0.02234466,0.0001216036,0.001473781,0.0001011152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961208,0.0002446942,0.002781229,0.000475313,0.00004860872,0.00007592299,0.0002403157,0.000001243086,0.00001193925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984534,0.0003318272,0.001047917,0.00003541544,0.00008258996,5.076054e-7,0.000003925231,4.54067e-7,0.00004391614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9405966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1951584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078608034","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1100570","title":"Ultra‐barcoding in cacao (<i>Theobroma</i> spp.; Malvaceae) using whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":281,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Theobroma; DNA barcoding; Genome; Ribosomal DNA; Plastid; Ribosomal RNA; Chloroplast DNA; Subspecies; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; DNA sequencing; Nuclear gene; Phylogenetics; Botany; Gene; Chloroplast; Zoology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01268696596335599,"gpt":0.2116613234199363,"spread":0.1989743574565803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003592304,0.0001555634,0.0003520976,0.00003311932,0.0001302321,0.00006137358,0.0001834927,0.00003651665,0.0001587771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000255126,0.00006983427,0.0001050175,0.0002964219,0.0001857251,0.0003963916,0.00004800972,0.0002143981,0.00001227301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005939652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001191875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001683664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005727733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987684,0.00009683227,0.0003700297,0.0001401981,0.0001869023,0.00043767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991868,0.0001437547,0.0003297153,0.00004094928,0.00003805881,0.0002606783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008085115,0.00009761385,0.316154,0.000003131925,0.00002383745,0.00002625269,0.001233387,0.000004621274,0.6215472,0.00006758072,0.00006009201,0.06070137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004068315,0.000678683,0.9569782,0.00008830104,0.0000400495,0.0007719839,0.00908966,0.00006813489,0.001491156,0.00005275042,0.02996181,0.00037245],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998179,0.0006999231,0.0000036514,0.0005215418,0.0001066062,0.00006329203,0.000003274665,0.000009456518,0.0004132574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988058,0.0001010327,0.0004064226,0.0001944747,0.0004685237,5.548794e-7,4.967468e-7,0.000002738715,0.00001996322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6408241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2847759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135073448","doi":"10.2307/3558457","title":"Algal switching among lichen symbioses","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Lichen; Symbiosis; Botany; Ecology; Evolutionary biology; Paleontology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007210596080142397,"gpt":0.2032107919022074,"spread":0.196000195822065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002737418,0.0001017661,0.0002716483,0.00001631101,0.0001029888,0.00003968344,0.0002704521,0.0000361553,0.0003768746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007858947,0.00003693526,0.000138803,0.0003180299,0.0001163174,0.0001724013,0.00003866346,0.0002107507,0.00003024657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002698361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001142832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002089637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002269327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990682,0.00008388307,0.0003087269,0.0001117762,0.0001738165,0.0002536251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991282,0.0001984081,0.0003807236,0.00003519492,0.00008931157,0.000168198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008990712,0.0001008597,0.4883287,6.698316e-7,0.00005753064,0.0001245533,0.0001947788,0.000001722922,0.170812,0.00005846444,0.0007755523,0.3394552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001308295,0.001401233,0.973788,0.00001758897,0.00002393782,0.0003648337,0.001354818,0.00002268601,0.0004338665,0.0002266585,0.02208937,0.0001462295],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959971,0.0001854743,0.0000144475,0.002169021,0.0001675894,0.00003438975,0.000001618021,0.00001615922,0.001414241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99828,0.0001564058,0.000185122,0.0006802127,0.0005723819,7.921769e-7,5.716832e-7,0.000001016701,0.0001234242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4854592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4126512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2184942790","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1400201","title":"The role of homoploid hybridization in evolution: A century of studies synthesizing genetics and ecology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":240,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Introgression; Reproductive isolation; Genetic algorithm; Evolutionary biology; Plant evolution; Sterility; Human evolutionary genetics; Context (archaeology); Transgressive segregation; Genetics; Phylogenetics; Genome; Population; Gene; Paleontology; Quantitative trait locus; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01026608902189812,"gpt":0.2747608553303215,"spread":0.2644947663084233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002773583,0.0001231058,0.0007213927,0.00007804586,0.00003715968,0.000003999037,0.0001737233,0.00007578295,0.000001097673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001361182,0.00008832679,0.0001465997,0.0001286402,0.0003281706,0.00000187514,0.00008120722,0.0001027231,1.169357e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001949243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000050058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001534417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998888,0.0002391864,0.0005545857,0.0001061449,0.0001119624,0.0001000861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982341,0.00008197541,0.001340196,0.0001434646,0.0001680796,0.00003217846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004954378,0.00002484526,0.006010246,0.0006622983,0.000479509,0.000002435708,0.0002035507,0.00003304895,0.0005103405,0.00007609655,0.00002620448,0.9919219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004760087,0.001973212,0.008182297,0.003139979,0.001277029,0.0004282826,0.005943257,0.00001466136,0.0007553793,0.0004597585,0.976942,0.000408159],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0652511,0.9344769,0.00005714656,0.000007262403,0.0001008344,0.00007792465,0.000008140014,4.479204e-7,0.00002031644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2548257,0.7445815,0.0005197541,0.000005074538,0.00005588829,7.337674e-7,0.000001238547,0.000006700544,0.000003420666],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9915137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3601862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168337503","doi":"10.3732/ajb.90.5.796","title":"A molecular phylogeny of <i>Panicum</i> (Poaceae: Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"National Genealogical Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Monophyly; NdhF; Panicum; Subgenus; Genus; Phylogenetic tree; Botany; Clade; Molecular phylogenetics; Sensu; Zoology; Phylogenetics; Evolutionary biology; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009708622306297184,"gpt":0.1991487283852244,"spread":0.1894401060789273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000583577,0.0001800337,0.0004541925,0.00001930152,0.00007013579,0.00001672263,0.0003399988,0.00004506823,0.00002183991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001079329,0.00006924773,0.0001442818,0.0003975315,0.0003647205,0.00003345096,0.00004597947,0.0001740256,9.30265e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001338784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004514091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005225912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000058356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983412,0.0003050069,0.0006582896,0.0001651879,0.0003063717,0.0002239362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980519,0.0003782808,0.001173697,0.0001074751,0.0001626877,0.0001259853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008857099,0.0001165558,0.01397806,0.000006031682,0.00009685498,0.00001031058,0.0001141906,0.0001296695,0.9733095,0.0003553897,0.0000202339,0.01177468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001334328,0.01293878,0.4061382,0.0002223988,0.0004775915,0.0009819518,0.006301832,0.0001262461,0.5604647,0.001723012,0.00849258,0.0007984292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967346,0.002638567,0.00002683182,0.0001317467,0.0000694669,0.0001455991,0.00004010346,0.000003052958,0.0002099885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985594,0.0003616902,0.0008124597,0.0002130851,0.00004039582,0.000002637627,6.711509e-7,0.000002078498,0.000007600528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4128447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.282384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110368030","doi":"10.3732/ajb.0900006","title":"Kin recognition: Competition and cooperation in <i>Impatiens</i> (Balsaminaceae)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Impatiens; Biology; Balsaminaceae; Competition (biology); Botany; Evolutionary biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02032640227449401,"gpt":0.2020007063056406,"spread":0.1816743040311466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001319681,0.00005526106,0.0001529052,0.00001097501,0.00005677636,0.00002237387,0.00003974502,0.00001254905,0.00002201781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002299275,0.00002208791,0.00002490175,0.0001794771,0.00005204972,0.0001076227,0.000005996215,0.00007034503,0.000002611443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001409935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002738509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002818182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002726602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995412,0.00004354937,0.000179274,0.00006147117,0.00008346656,0.00009101531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996904,0.00006084872,0.0001432364,0.000005206221,0.00005975586,0.00004057885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001304671,0.00008792735,0.01918223,7.560131e-7,0.000005849814,0.00002733454,0.0001383271,9.798983e-7,0.2408814,0.00006872265,0.0002243487,0.7392517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001610152,0.003098407,0.992654,0.00005826437,0.000006760335,0.0001098705,0.0007184388,0.00001486326,0.0005552922,0.0003286618,0.002203753,0.00009068943],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976423,0.0002484094,0.000003900383,0.001692835,0.00001783028,0.00002908883,0.000007508549,0.000004329579,0.0003538255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987095,0.0005166415,0.0001447407,0.0004963438,0.0001232043,3.062363e-7,0.000001771352,2.007852e-7,0.000007291295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9734718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09007186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100996735","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200503","title":"Historical ecology: Using unconventional data sources to test for effects of global environmental change","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":211,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Global change; Ecology; Historical ecology; Climate change; Herbarium; Generality; Chronosequence; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental change; Disturbance (geology); Plant community; Environmental resource management; Biology; Ecological succession; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01807686995476583,"gpt":0.2563925948702199,"spread":0.2383157249154541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001878821,0.00008869802,0.0002602405,0.00002233396,0.00008861726,0.000005142508,0.0002929299,0.00002573996,0.0001490231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001682491,0.0000783584,0.00006631623,0.0001116129,0.0002521638,0.0002156473,0.0002098131,0.00006173948,0.00003429636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005679767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001339466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001406867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008359295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991764,0.00004376745,0.0002995046,0.0001470776,0.0001604224,0.0001728413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999019,0.0003163148,0.0004219679,0.0001306467,0.00001236715,0.0000997036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001899859,0.0002298544,0.9914541,0.000005219411,0.00004685016,0.000003521026,0.0001065308,0.0001020148,0.00323941,0.00001033038,0.0008770436,0.003906115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003275332,0.001401338,0.9951988,0.0000122761,0.00006216044,0.00004117304,0.0001777879,0.001414718,0.0000417035,0.0003153788,0.0009140609,0.00009302105],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965611,0.0001510871,0.001963005,0.0008074232,0.0002468535,0.0002190983,0.00002092399,0.000002709377,0.00002783734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887624,0.00002019126,0.01077921,0.0002988142,0.000079847,0.00001150346,9.789948e-7,0.000005622304,0.00004142757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008816201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3195363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162968290","doi":"10.3732/ajb.89.9.1478","title":"The origin of the apple subfamily (Maloideae; Rosaceae) is clarified by DNA sequence data from duplicated GBSSI genes","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Botanical Studies and Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Rosaceae; Subfamily; Genetics; Gene; Sequence (biology); Evolutionary biology; Botany","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05775841691580343,"gpt":0.2548804891374361,"spread":0.1971220722216327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002606012,0.0001342147,0.0002834385,0.000001486109,0.0004545632,0.00005877091,0.001622379,0.00004125551,0.00018106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006218527,0.00003874367,0.0001278014,0.0005708429,0.0005736077,0.00008827239,0.000236164,0.0002416407,0.00001376011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002480793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000664516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001633607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003702474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986016,0.00009842527,0.0004867358,0.0002297712,0.0003393035,0.0002441512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982628,0.0005025457,0.0007036683,0.0002998654,0.0001281591,0.000102914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002677714,0.0001181817,0.008385833,7.020305e-7,0.000107454,0.000001206922,0.00005542879,0.000001181279,0.6246769,0.00005855048,0.04548807,0.3210797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000188546,0.0002867404,0.07752797,0.00002436361,0.00008220652,0.00001579979,0.001169823,0.000395629,0.005802999,0.0002764627,0.9140181,0.0002113937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730772,0.003734551,0.00003088716,0.0222857,0.00006901078,0.0001184583,0.0005924081,0.000009872339,0.00008185965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949746,0.003614407,0.000165086,0.0009193681,0.0001749859,0.000004585081,0.000006965955,0.000001845659,0.0001381569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.86853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3496179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145803954","doi":"10.3732/ajb.94.3.362","title":"Diversity of Kranz anatomy and biochemistry in C<sub>4</sub> eudicots","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Eudicots; Phylogenetics; C4 photosynthesis; Anatomy; Vascular bundle; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Botany; Gene; Taxonomy (biology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006718659138559065,"gpt":0.187924055013218,"spread":0.1812053958746589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003210708,0.00005145049,0.0001552275,0.00002289584,0.00009773973,0.000003780155,0.0001099637,0.0000286328,0.000007377337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002536535,0.00002438363,0.00004729666,0.0002777008,0.0001588312,0.00008606148,0.0001002753,0.00009760224,8.999081e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002680497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005764578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002413811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002223659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994783,0.00002088639,0.0001559629,0.00006871767,0.0001508348,0.0001252352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995421,0.00008531068,0.0002248173,0.00001497722,0.00005008949,0.0000827117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001308661,0.00004692582,0.3175226,0.000002228512,0.00001130489,0.0000451562,0.0001124917,7.73396e-7,0.6111213,0.000003520183,0.00008662458,0.07091616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000154791,0.000240625,0.9567471,0.00003041166,0.00001129605,0.00006952566,0.001053684,0.000004015953,0.04137653,0.00004559671,0.000203181,0.00006321346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994527,0.0001613816,0.000007028604,0.000206912,0.00002740803,0.00001607728,0.00001305428,0.00000268729,0.0001128201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995736,0.0002908683,0.00004070838,0.00005167341,0.00004030349,1.865233e-8,7.898209e-7,1.735241e-7,0.000001888771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6392245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09943355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2185030063","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1100375","title":"Phylogeny of <i>Opuntia</i> s.s. (Cactaceae): Clade delineation, geographic origins, and reticulate evolution","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Botanical Research and Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Clade; NdhF; Reticulate evolution; Evolutionary biology; Paraphyly; Reticulate; Phylogenetics; Character evolution; Taxon; Molecular phylogenetics; Biogeography; Zoology; Ecology; Botany","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00899845769694366,"gpt":0.2373909222080567,"spread":0.228392464511113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000364097,0.00008537757,0.0002151241,0.00002016915,0.00009137821,0.00001728224,0.0001567944,0.00003416631,0.00004514693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001180946,0.00003487529,0.0001034174,0.0005161265,0.0002918284,0.0001651303,0.00003148473,0.000158669,0.000004147644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002698697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001465834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000188083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003778886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989139,0.00008775353,0.0003609206,0.00009245004,0.0002867238,0.0002582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998875,0.0001763708,0.0003864657,0.0000510296,0.000238602,0.0002725735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000610389,0.0001381922,0.1138392,0.000002870595,0.00003672422,8.430384e-7,0.00002478962,0.000001826044,0.7482189,0.001489265,0.000195128,0.1359912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001279076,0.00059529,0.9789221,0.00002340187,0.00003421592,0.00005194143,0.0002598945,0.00004400206,0.002004768,0.000527657,0.01730708,0.0001017864],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968299,0.001372752,0.0003456082,0.001264597,0.00003340539,0.00007167519,0.00001408784,0.000006722597,0.00006126709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979858,0.000906921,0.0007353142,0.0001048345,0.0002502526,0.0000022091,0.000001682928,0.000001066173,0.00001188276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8650829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1422173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146422342","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.10.1494","title":"Assessing red algal supraordinal diversity and taxonomy in the context of contemporary systematic data","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Marine and coastal plant biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover","keywords":"Biology; Red algae; Systematics; Paraphyly; Algae; Taxonomy (biology); Context (archaeology); Diversity (politics); Evolutionary biology; Ecology; Anthropology; Phylogenetics; Sociology; Genetics; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05991522794463457,"gpt":0.2426718768012891,"spread":0.1827566488566545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008940436,0.00006716506,0.0003475767,0.0000564483,0.00009017866,0.00002695104,0.0004011679,0.00001506385,0.00002052706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007192587,0.00003998728,0.00002890001,0.0001308421,0.0002129304,0.0003911533,0.00009282106,0.0001382226,8.994392e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002642176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008042291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01214381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001914044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991083,0.0002117441,0.0003332663,0.00009014793,0.0001546448,0.0001019412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990109,0.0002814353,0.0004817231,0.000148165,0.00003071081,0.00004703509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001449477,0.00002642143,0.9721467,0.0001251651,0.00005112356,0.000201155,0.0004982082,0.00001082609,0.0000382182,0.00002518083,0.0001126654,0.02661932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001179186,0.001460288,0.9528131,0.0008214902,0.00007785459,0.001772513,0.04030687,0.0003007634,0.00001438593,0.000170651,0.0009105328,0.0001723283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968678,0.0006317507,0.0001263863,0.0003580122,0.00005153242,0.0001015429,0.00002907826,0.000001418344,0.001832484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993967,0.000032748,0.000310148,0.0002177775,0.00002920465,1.062036e-7,0.00000680394,7.415513e-7,0.000005797194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03980866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1933570358","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1500089","title":"The evolutionary history of ferns inferred from 25 low‐copy nuclear genes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Fern and Epiphyte Biology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Ministry of Innovation and Advanced Education; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Fern; Phylogenomics; Biology; Phylogenetics; Coalescent theory; Phylogenetic tree; Supermatrix; Evolutionary biology; Sister group; Molecular phylogenetics; Clade; Ecology; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02122727866444115,"gpt":0.2083213266602942,"spread":0.1870940479958531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002135116,0.00008264169,0.0002321878,0.000008702905,0.00005236538,0.000007942042,0.0003306577,0.00003479168,0.00009259632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008867036,0.00002692871,0.0001228162,0.0001029488,0.0004296543,0.00006857656,0.00004659926,0.0001150498,0.000016269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001388901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005094952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008329185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001165514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991121,0.0001382025,0.000305939,0.0000890549,0.0001972611,0.0001574346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990041,0.0001923916,0.0004386934,0.00005462624,0.0001726946,0.0001374642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009798448,0.0002549861,0.08984524,0.000001950048,0.000186244,0.00003453407,0.0008230936,0.000009940548,0.363754,0.0002026334,0.1178939,0.4260136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001932661,0.001548478,0.3923037,0.00002052095,0.00001967701,0.00004082571,0.002187224,0.00004977648,0.0001190092,0.000437523,0.6029612,0.0001187429],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918665,0.004722022,0.000002479488,0.002258159,0.0006096062,0.00002651959,0.00001292701,0.000007968345,0.0004938397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982817,0.0005406869,0.0001906613,0.0003715433,0.0004576611,4.318057e-7,0.000001453908,0.000001073474,0.0001548067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4850674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1583079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138742646","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.4.517","title":"Variability in leaf optical properties of Mesoamerican trees and the potential for species classification","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Reflectivity; Crown (dentistry); Remote sensing; Habitat; Botany; Chlorophyll; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02522810866679947,"gpt":0.1986182306906386,"spread":0.1733901220238391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005501828,0.00006582106,0.0002783965,0.000008925508,0.00006762114,0.00001863973,0.00009946577,0.00001326557,0.000004837128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001207372,0.00001912701,0.00008136594,0.0001421149,0.0008155442,0.00005202269,0.00002022366,0.0000624379,1.276517e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001181272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006873285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002522532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004787071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992795,0.00009776932,0.0003044667,0.00008006924,0.0001262159,0.0001119602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993204,0.0002906916,0.0002730017,0.00001404686,0.00008067951,0.00002118804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00114135,0.0001317304,0.04219005,0.000004459561,0.0000276782,0.000001629791,0.0001192003,0.000006635824,0.8856431,0.002532384,0.00009796377,0.06810377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002799653,0.0005334443,0.9938905,0.00001807095,0.00002248756,0.00001574309,0.002321169,0.0001593973,0.001403289,0.0007961626,0.000503412,0.00005631911],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962331,0.0003192036,0.00003615029,0.00305977,0.00001634589,0.00008579558,0.000008159234,0.000002678519,0.0002388014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999452,0.0001450026,0.0001876062,0.00002557329,0.0001570222,0.000003325932,2.809366e-7,4.385593e-7,0.00002874171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9517005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3004906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147791966","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200478","title":"Temperature‐dependent shifts in phenology contribute to the success of exotic species with climate change","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phenology; Biology; Ecology; Climate change; Introduced species; Invasive species; Grassland; Southern Hemisphere; Temperate climate; Global warming","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01767992419676447,"gpt":0.2290787054548779,"spread":0.2113987812581134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003067553,0.0001266329,0.0003292956,0.00005350635,0.00005649838,0.00003679338,0.0003847832,0.00002543619,0.007643934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003825595,0.00007480729,0.00005401067,0.0004855114,0.000406957,0.0002096544,0.0001143978,0.0001830629,0.0001891713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002516608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009647326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005219306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001574817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987004,0.00009506388,0.0003515773,0.0001342076,0.0003693196,0.0003494159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991843,0.00006370067,0.0003823129,0.0001866031,0.00005336717,0.0001297623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007634438,0.000681364,0.8901876,0.00002140649,0.000123012,0.0003186091,0.005925211,0.0001788142,0.07369635,0.00169197,0.005832512,0.02057976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004511054,0.0007101531,0.9888901,0.00003630659,0.00001492132,0.00009964071,0.007464868,0.000005658787,0.000576587,0.00002377582,0.00161527,0.0001116236],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914752,0.0001068952,0.00001727689,0.006519902,0.0001069257,0.0002300944,0.00003529968,0.000004694984,0.001503704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985787,0.000231716,0.00005973839,0.001011223,0.00005399992,0.00001787248,0.000001034373,0.000008889432,0.00003677149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09870255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9932632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161233989","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.9.1398","title":"Phylogeny of <i>Populus</i> (Salicaceae) based on nucleotide sequences of chloroplast TRNT‐TRNF region and nuclear rDNA","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts (Québec); Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Biology; Reticulate evolution; Chloroplast DNA; Polyphyly; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Systematics; Intergenic region; Nuclear gene; Nuclear DNA; Evolutionary biology; Genus; Character evolution; Molecular phylogenetics; Botany; Plant evolution; Clade; Genetics; Genome; Mitochondrial DNA; Taxonomy (biology); Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006841235354272625,"gpt":0.2134843768091061,"spread":0.2066431414548335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001429955,0.0001416339,0.0003562643,0.00005645398,0.00004324897,0.000006455812,0.0001664408,0.00004034988,0.000002348265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004870456,0.000119972,0.0001275933,0.0001105216,0.0004781981,0.000001584627,0.00004188903,0.00008054702,4.079347e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001382812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008419125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004883911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000936513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990848,0.00004683169,0.0003931055,0.0001621003,0.0001596243,0.0001535938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998908,0.00002201927,0.000643049,0.0001955139,0.0001434049,0.00008798419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003779936,0.0001000297,0.003422031,0.00001263233,0.00008797238,0.00001004358,0.0001504709,0.0007114601,0.99084,0.00008711471,0.0001022676,0.004097946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005041993,0.02319657,0.09142687,0.000403352,0.0002956138,0.000432494,0.004026962,0.00009561389,0.8564407,0.0006392628,0.01720035,0.000800205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983364,0.0007270584,0.0002055434,0.000286062,0.00007124372,0.0000558432,0.00001558075,0.000001053818,0.000301186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961261,0.001008008,0.002432772,0.0003132251,0.00009223211,6.421607e-7,6.178075e-7,0.00001977379,0.000006635236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1343993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4892316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021618027","doi":"10.2307/2656866","title":"The evolution of staminodes in angiosperms: patterns of stamen reduction, loss, and functional re‐invention","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Stamen; Reduction (mathematics); Botany; Pollen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008828248145447219,"gpt":0.1788121723286592,"spread":0.169983924183212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002828216,0.00004486743,0.0001211627,0.00001958152,0.00007171845,0.000007380664,0.00006592981,0.00001901148,0.0001025137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001385139,0.0000183987,0.00005388271,0.0001999281,0.000169878,0.0001488072,0.0000094175,0.00006657651,7.546935e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000526814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001175103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009779347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003557292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993645,0.00007512186,0.0002388397,0.00006089332,0.0001732798,0.00008739192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995365,0.00005966557,0.0002763594,0.00002051323,0.00007683475,0.00003011831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008863763,0.0001873438,0.6240811,0.000008022659,0.00006110389,0.000005585325,0.0003630775,0.0001393771,0.1360408,0.0003467634,0.0004291464,0.2374513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001315765,0.0004603725,0.9938799,0.00004912797,0.00001328466,0.00004971239,0.003874549,0.00002846127,0.0003000252,0.0005752351,0.0005976112,0.00004014757],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990893,0.0003148921,0.00001663288,0.0004062656,0.00004524707,0.00002879109,0.00002640519,0.000001934582,0.00007052454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987563,0.001099421,0.00002303771,0.00000645611,0.0000591486,2.189371e-7,0.000002272454,2.742545e-7,0.00005283713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3697988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1478351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098890844","doi":"10.3732/ajb.91.4.558","title":"Effect of temperature on pollen tube kinetics and dynamics in sweet cherry, <i>Prunus avium</i> (Rosaceae)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Reproductive Biology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria","keywords":"Prunus; Biology; Rosaceae; Pollen tube; Pollen; Botany; Horticulture; Pollination","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002432540645299091,"gpt":0.2246242384658497,"spread":0.2221916978205506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003605087,0.0001674103,0.0004006835,0.00007986295,0.0000158606,0.000006421957,0.0001594614,0.0001021004,0.000001463349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001966111,0.0001301068,0.00008174287,0.000145485,0.00030328,0.000003562849,0.00004689796,0.0002329748,5.724585e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007010818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006308278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004090624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005633035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989992,0.0001571087,0.0003100019,0.0002251932,0.0001190615,0.0001893918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992728,0.00004066335,0.0003212301,0.0002060515,0.00008022688,0.00007902682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009367345,0.00008699768,0.006540319,0.00001126524,0.00006045432,0.00004040104,0.00003662191,0.00009760103,0.9891078,0.00002941148,0.00004311515,0.003009209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040483,0.03691136,0.09861742,0.0002063083,0.00009546646,0.001920268,0.0004089031,0.00001308712,0.855763,0.00009863656,0.001444234,0.0004730097],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998085,0.000957739,0.00002274883,0.0005107393,0.0001164927,0.00009496605,0.00002626972,0.000001990988,0.0001841043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987483,0.0004537546,0.0004385296,0.0001478921,0.0001632294,0.000001098209,0.000003970587,0.00001598808,0.00002721493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1333449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5305602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012943368","doi":"10.3732/ajb.94.3.382","title":"Key innovations in the evolution of Kranz anatomy and C<sub>4</sub> vein pattern in <i>Flaveria</i> (Asteraceae)","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Asteraceae; Key (lock); Anatomy; Vein; Botany; Evolutionary biology; Ecology; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003898654587553112,"gpt":0.228774957963175,"spread":0.2248763033756219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000404291,0.0000773992,0.0001700529,0.00006474038,0.00002241969,0.000006935661,0.00009979876,0.00002982015,6.154756e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004314301,0.00005594525,0.00004152044,0.0002969977,0.0001941407,0.000007846548,0.0000378162,0.0001232575,1.208839e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003282075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003141636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009561878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002794563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992778,0.00004534052,0.0003260061,0.00008776075,0.0001180934,0.0001449937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995167,0.00003891423,0.0002618622,0.00008326023,0.00007442819,0.00002478844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001304319,0.00008204124,0.06480862,0.00000481739,0.00002474128,0.000008708586,0.0002836277,0.000002390153,0.9010559,0.00001567276,0.00008777979,0.03349531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001114945,0.001172284,0.5918907,0.00008878941,0.00001974064,0.0001178152,0.009178619,0.00001526671,0.3938375,0.0001748267,0.002190042,0.0001994777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976431,0.0007264426,0.00102215,0.000376748,0.00003305807,0.00005292208,0.000004964897,6.302949e-7,0.0001399458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993349,0.0002505589,0.0000866962,0.0002344712,0.00008498651,0.000001322656,0.000001006737,0.0000046494,0.000001394621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5270821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2281381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024038375","doi":"10.2307/2656685","title":"Patterns of seed mass variation and their effects on seedling traits in<i>Alliaria petiolata</i> (Brassicaceae)","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Seedling; Biology; Germination; Brassicaceae; Agronomy; Botany; Horticulture","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003264479546937035,"gpt":0.1976000046211702,"spread":0.1943355250742332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002925726,0.00009102423,0.0002423649,0.0000403304,0.00004786616,0.000006428779,0.00008509251,0.00002556026,0.00009145678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003353201,0.00007154542,0.0000409406,0.000137387,0.00009967792,0.0001141313,0.00001390318,0.0001525696,0.000009439203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005256545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008922411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004486745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005092044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992702,0.0001197213,0.0002719128,0.0001065544,0.0001110614,0.0001205648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993165,0.0002952867,0.0002786739,0.00005321029,0.000009863041,0.00004651694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001466049,0.00009978168,0.9246,0.000009548465,0.00006140819,0.00001389906,0.003323116,0.004133509,0.03146893,0.00004615412,0.00001158318,0.03608548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000434822,0.0005227063,0.9963685,0.00005193869,0.000011224,0.00001130794,0.0002348892,0.001519079,0.0003314937,0.00041118,0.00003276363,0.00007004273],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997579,0.0000367473,0.001166495,0.0003807031,0.00004164481,0.00006070136,0.000002705361,0.000003247033,0.0007287433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988359,0.0001373064,0.0007193115,0.0002249659,0.00002368899,0.000001473612,2.086688e-7,0.000006069716,0.00005108041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07176857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2917537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066945843","doi":"10.2307/2656690","title":"Variation in seed traits of <i>Lobelia inflata</i> (Campanulaceae): sources and fitness consequences","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Germination; Campanulaceae; Horticulture; Botany; Agronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01242161180523803,"gpt":0.1961637105748596,"spread":0.1837420987696216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002094288,0.00007780733,0.0002740498,0.00001396966,0.00005130872,0.0000175831,0.0001058555,0.00002011533,0.00007430121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002543671,0.00003054748,0.00004310832,0.0002569786,0.0002617942,0.0001117043,0.00001109733,0.00007784556,0.000001356424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009617654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001005534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000424797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005950333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992894,0.00006120968,0.0002981274,0.00008223733,0.0001433341,0.0001257032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994759,0.0001561424,0.0002658029,0.000007947125,0.00004493022,0.00004928762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002397131,0.00004513964,0.1370755,0.000003568214,0.00002859676,0.00001852295,0.0007552792,0.00001910901,0.7254739,0.00003842349,0.00002895248,0.1362733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001437327,0.0007016607,0.9963281,0.00005229264,0.00001143016,0.0000541331,0.0008555001,0.00001032317,0.0006532611,0.0001975856,0.0009167094,0.00007527348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998543,0.0006095635,5.999064e-7,0.0005611189,0.00001001404,0.00003362063,0.00001579607,0.000003955354,0.0002223929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990089,0.0006974495,0.0001035867,0.00009206108,0.00006691215,5.097226e-7,2.797263e-7,4.069218e-7,0.00002990105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8592526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.124569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046402006","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1000424","title":"The disentangled bank: How loss of habitat fragments and disassembles ecological networks","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Habitat; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01572025173146243,"gpt":0.2509062815984267,"spread":0.2351860298669642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005343403,0.0002134864,0.0009312302,0.00002670173,0.0001517703,0.00002533928,0.0004197363,0.000105448,0.00009236342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001087047,0.0001195774,0.0002615059,0.0002179024,0.001318115,0.0001265691,0.0001626746,0.0003513049,0.000007413349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009709777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003652068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001071019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000704482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984618,0.0003928595,0.0005506529,0.0001707459,0.0001821901,0.0002417892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974127,0.0005975863,0.00166801,0.000184958,0.00001796941,0.0001187107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003409375,0.00008963382,0.1802332,0.00004762218,0.0001758598,0.00002433177,0.00003791719,0.000003330439,3.888438e-7,0.00004580726,0.001964524,0.8173432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003168698,0.001357125,0.4247513,0.001158866,0.0009465092,0.0004474084,0.0002872528,0.00003180799,2.86396e-7,0.0003724296,0.5699477,0.0003824526],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.114451,0.8841851,0.0001643529,0.0003857158,0.000345766,0.0002439656,0.000005055962,0.000005057242,0.0002138905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05846861,0.9410466,0.0002014461,0.00009540363,0.00007727048,0.000008739569,8.539992e-7,0.00001396848,0.00008712137],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8169608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4876225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164783693","doi":"10.3732/ajb.92.11.1911","title":"Phylogeny of <i>Flaveria</i> (Asteraceae) and inference of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis evolution","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Biology; Phylogenetics; Clade; Phylogenetic tree; Systematics; Genus; Molecular phylogenetics; Botany; Evolutionary biology; Taxonomy (biology); Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004752690091578175,"gpt":0.2052814618689689,"spread":0.2005287717773907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001268342,0.00008909356,0.0002377026,0.00005497609,0.00002422366,0.000005778933,0.0001122382,0.00003634699,0.000007521534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007405064,0.00007970191,0.00009201208,0.0001009689,0.000232331,0.00001042735,0.00003614235,0.00006994009,0.000001075282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001580182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005634168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001097634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002412362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992822,0.00004650421,0.0003367588,0.00009311778,0.000124424,0.0001170261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999154,0.00002945933,0.0004885119,0.0001172636,0.0001421927,0.00006861335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001495251,0.00005277597,0.004843009,0.000004910436,0.00005743997,0.000001250481,0.00004917174,0.00001868692,0.9715351,0.00002378565,0.0001613956,0.02310299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002716699,0.0007796221,0.03666003,0.00004519452,0.00005016824,0.0001033657,0.0002498858,0.00004593242,0.9583111,0.00002080264,0.003358561,0.0001036249],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973882,0.0008096202,0.001336892,0.00004848395,0.00004997049,0.00003516537,0.00003859552,0.000001295408,0.0002917365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973215,0.001380595,0.001087863,0.00005104677,0.0001364033,6.869637e-7,0.000001547621,0.000006988407,0.00001337324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03181702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3250149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137979641","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200140","title":"A global analysis of xylem vessel length in woody plants","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Xylem; Biology; Habit; Woody plant; Allometry; Botany; Water transport; Ecology; Soil science; Water flow; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00506606461077658,"gpt":0.2238934049755396,"spread":0.2188273403647631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002981022,0.00006910723,0.0002804658,0.00007647989,0.00001425421,0.000005547077,0.0001538273,0.00001863548,0.0001163848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009528785,0.00005641118,0.0001004897,0.0009134324,0.0001201865,0.0001786128,0.00003647645,0.00008055148,0.000007499313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001184819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001007368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003205296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000154748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991176,0.00005525539,0.0003248057,0.00006311011,0.0002503818,0.0001888784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993989,0.00003105678,0.0003591753,0.00009926004,0.000005936858,0.0001057055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002386635,0.0001172709,0.982671,3.755981e-7,0.0001551956,0.000008908389,0.0002694555,0.007375793,0.0005597043,0.00002276491,0.00003061247,0.008765089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001362234,0.00008520468,0.9945796,0.000007863719,0.0001731813,0.00004787488,0.000231708,0.004326549,0.00001611895,0.00003232705,0.0002963472,0.00006697384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976475,0.00009751842,0.0003770213,0.00004311432,0.00004818666,0.00001959123,0.00002655604,0.000001987,0.001738494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990022,0.00007053432,0.0008531923,0.00003992597,0.00001423916,3.341684e-7,9.626256e-7,0.000002980572,0.00001564078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01190866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2300381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2489859759","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1600272","title":"Spreading Winge and flying high: The evolutionary importance of polyploidy after a century of study","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Evolutionary biology; Biological evolution; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006983651071352167,"gpt":0.2022999963678463,"spread":0.1953163452964942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001785093,0.00006089277,0.0001786174,0.00001030238,0.00006312387,0.000005577547,0.0001229538,0.0000110943,0.00008397617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004418176,0.00001664142,0.00006032437,0.0001806388,0.0001606389,0.00006942065,0.00004142968,0.00004497047,4.65658e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001275896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001076293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001192726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007645522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999278,0.00006810074,0.0003006207,0.00007800253,0.0001770696,0.00009822235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991953,0.0002202149,0.0004105596,0.00004147205,0.00008513426,0.00004732702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007317334,0.0001129943,0.7299569,0.00000113222,0.0000447083,0.000005143577,0.0004227668,5.528929e-7,0.2095898,0.00003542516,0.00001029343,0.05974713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001409609,0.0009216599,0.9959557,0.00004758853,0.00002993148,0.00003268449,0.002103366,0.000002651607,0.0003096437,0.0002247619,0.0001853461,0.00004567459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979023,0.0007393905,0.000008234176,0.001195692,0.00005244618,0.00006589609,0.00001802619,0.0000021566,0.0000158957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995406,0.0001283004,0.0001643568,0.00004089017,0.0001122595,0.000001713113,9.456944e-8,6.150113e-7,0.00001113892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2659988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09194802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116327395","doi":"10.3732/ajb.89.1.111","title":"Dynamic nectar replenishment in flowers of <i>Penstemon</i> (Scrophulariaceae)","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Zoo; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Scrophulariaceae; Biology; Nectar; Botany; Pollen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01547237723138901,"gpt":0.1913179083043702,"spread":0.1758455310729812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002270645,0.00009326371,0.0003438212,0.00001807108,0.00004670565,0.00001240027,0.0001769572,0.00002053707,0.0001352089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003991325,0.00003576194,0.0001237637,0.0003287095,0.0001584898,0.00006617196,0.00003077571,0.0001255626,0.000005754953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003507706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003024515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001421188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003204885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990582,0.00006872188,0.0003840392,0.0001010295,0.0002111713,0.0001768421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993606,0.0001319304,0.0003766271,0.00001982992,0.00005037976,0.00006069833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001859144,0.0002699171,0.08485058,0.000004284787,0.00006968551,0.0001483763,0.0003684116,0.00001573183,0.7475497,0.00002070056,0.001204315,0.1653123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006195327,0.005837218,0.973757,0.0001968006,0.00004672905,0.000262601,0.004234875,0.0003833345,0.002122224,0.0001408245,0.01204226,0.0003566382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971471,0.001205602,9.650715e-7,0.0008210994,0.00005435443,0.00004146598,0.000009100857,0.00000479301,0.0007154615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986235,0.0009307319,0.0002268773,0.00011422,0.00004770871,5.127152e-7,2.258727e-7,6.720489e-7,0.00005549364],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8889064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1480442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165566267","doi":"10.3732/ajb.90.6.888","title":"Reproductive assurance varies with flower size in <i>Collinsia parviflora</i> (Scrophulariaceae)","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Pollinator; Biology; Selfing; Outcrossing; Pollination; Mating system; Population; Mating; Botany; Ecology; Pollen; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01138143573464032,"gpt":0.1902078447961406,"spread":0.1788264090615003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003974357,0.000136608,0.0003973053,0.00001017532,0.0001040527,0.00003655103,0.0001409631,0.00002186851,0.0000485083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002821976,0.00004682332,0.00006991044,0.0005691027,0.0002211891,0.0001469266,0.00001345895,0.0001825588,0.00000502738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002563668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002504889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001034186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00150393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989085,0.0001240176,0.000296726,0.0001930666,0.0002335424,0.0002442078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991089,0.0003183406,0.000331727,0.00002898551,0.0001400679,0.00007199254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002211238,0.0005675569,0.6028118,0.000007138412,0.0002786368,0.0008290504,0.001217883,0.00007959,0.3564155,0.000654049,0.00178282,0.03314476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003938264,0.002459559,0.9545146,0.00008895466,0.00003041375,0.0003405693,0.002444876,0.000001660179,0.00251291,0.0003603752,0.0365603,0.0002919677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99696,0.0009003243,0.000008078877,0.001047984,0.00006699376,0.00006340037,0.000007269076,0.00000824929,0.0009376716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982099,0.000268449,0.001045194,0.0002026641,0.0001709103,0.000001954099,1.466723e-7,0.000001165092,0.00009963036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3539026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2738149591","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1700061","title":"Harnessing plant spectra to integrate the biodiversity sciences across biological and spatial scales","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Biodiversity; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01932750566871465,"gpt":0.2591112342247751,"spread":0.2397837285560604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005499875,0.00009502889,0.0001725305,0.00001120094,0.001082287,0.0002811486,0.0005442991,0.00002089622,0.00002852025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001510807,0.00004425535,0.00005021481,0.00009454315,0.003069504,0.0001674724,0.0002641499,0.0001763144,0.00003196483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005404489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007870805,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000964874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005711546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991558,0.00007050423,0.0001460786,0.0001595685,0.0002519374,0.0002161682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992812,0.00006281443,0.0003848179,0.0001398907,0.00001314682,0.0001181379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009238259,0.00003522119,0.6518381,5.684859e-7,0.0000197155,0.0001065055,0.001921371,0.00009331267,0.05686573,0.000004791998,0.001515431,0.2875068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008140512,0.0003551022,0.9943056,0.00002219611,0.00000612384,0.0003289874,0.00197521,0.00009291225,0.001320232,0.00006195376,0.001361139,0.00008912082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942589,0.00002330756,0.000510515,0.00462166,0.0001577808,0.00004171077,0.000007120153,0.000003555866,0.0003754883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960772,0.00004705856,0.003514366,0.0002630876,0.00008559661,3.576672e-8,7.109381e-8,0.000001498216,0.00001111429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3424675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106162972","doi":"10.3732/ajb.92.1.63","title":"Trans‐species shared polymorphisms at orthologous nuclear gene loci among distant species in the conifer <i>Picea</i> (Pinaceae): implications for the long‐term maintenance of genetic diversity in trees","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; GDG Environnement","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Nuclear gene; Outcrossing; Population; Monophyly; Evolutionary biology; Coalescent theory; Genetics; Ecology; Phylogenetics; Mitochondrial DNA; Gene; Clade; Pollen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01443344227650306,"gpt":0.2265445629136895,"spread":0.2121111206371864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001800629,0.0001217509,0.0002237884,0.00004697343,0.0001780456,0.00001830744,0.0004859013,0.00004980899,0.00003644025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002431177,0.00008218401,0.0001645535,0.0001568241,0.0005319904,0.000009873949,0.000100862,0.0001070212,3.905614e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004311127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002846784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000500686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001237216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999098,0.00007455113,0.0003346286,0.0001530848,0.0001437695,0.0001959463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991984,0.00004238894,0.0003606358,0.0002552682,0.00009858322,0.00004475339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004119951,0.00007406368,0.8951342,0.00000489098,0.00007717068,0.000009655344,0.002069853,0.000870759,0.09656876,0.00006006593,0.000849924,0.003868702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006349267,0.0002892958,0.9923407,0.00001072477,0.00005320828,0.00007533398,0.00113838,0.00001076584,0.001145573,0.00002698267,0.004175762,0.00009828954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994928,0.0008153601,0.001362924,0.002478698,0.00004300577,0.0001905282,0.0001220595,0.000001570926,0.00005784024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979789,0.000686055,0.0007107221,0.0003887997,0.00007691245,0.000002389936,0.000008620924,0.000008530897,0.0001391312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09720659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3351367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108009782","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.4.512","title":"A new herbarium‐based method for reconstructing the phenology of plant species across large areas","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Herbarium; Phenology; Botanical garden; Biology; Climate change; Sampling (signal processing); Ecology; Snowmelt; Physical geography; Geography; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01822168206675074,"gpt":0.2777272692313356,"spread":0.2595055871645849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005586742,0.00009541658,0.0002675861,0.00001604168,0.0001283875,0.00002055764,0.0002432449,0.00002448201,0.004417852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007398063,0.000065222,0.0001493783,0.0002139497,0.0003254629,0.00006475607,0.00005062467,0.0001109399,0.000009951831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001665342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002773772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004611992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005075425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989393,0.00007167929,0.0003735796,0.0001067649,0.0001961713,0.000312546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988592,0.0002441328,0.0006712938,0.000130047,0.00002939412,0.00006587747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001769688,0.000727037,0.4852239,0.00003623694,0.000298373,0.00006985066,0.003798638,0.0009544663,0.1962735,0.0108923,0.1157326,0.1842233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004202397,0.001707497,0.4578287,0.00007395921,0.0001571348,0.0009653436,0.0796645,0.001489327,0.02674123,0.001683652,0.4249304,0.000555913],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9062033,0.0001321373,0.08755336,0.002256564,0.0002324873,0.000126829,0.0003336948,0.000009836341,0.00315184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833457,0.00001570844,0.01588864,0.0003837883,0.0001393103,0.000002550997,0.000004611656,0.00001039627,0.0002092395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3091978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164219540","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1000317","title":"Climate‐driven local adaptation of ecophysiology and phenology in balsam poplar, <i>Populus balsamifera</i> L. (Salicaceae)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Salicaceae; Biology; Balsam; Ecophysiology; Phenology; Adaptation (eye); Botany; Woody plant; Ecology; Photosynthesis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005185985920972505,"gpt":0.2232188481110234,"spread":0.2180328621900509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001379811,0.0001004153,0.0002787017,0.0000789539,0.00002919295,0.000005481805,0.0001330527,0.0001044805,0.00002664915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005172047,0.00009361075,0.00006110494,0.0001057609,0.0003382175,0.000006650758,0.00005922949,0.0001818696,0.000001171381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005482971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004606266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006477852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000260713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991925,0.00008816833,0.0003256443,0.0001410981,0.00009333085,0.0001592187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992605,0.00002048183,0.000390981,0.0001297613,0.0001229893,0.00007527397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004472739,0.00005955631,0.1134791,0.000009692116,0.00005203026,0.00001086026,0.0002193846,0.001681984,0.8329232,0.0001974396,0.0001219795,0.05079741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002749069,0.003313957,0.95261,0.00003664251,0.00009449296,0.0005747618,0.004727848,0.001182516,0.0262013,0.000547035,0.007539675,0.0004227336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979874,0.0002097369,0.001336367,0.000142643,0.0002150648,0.00004513101,0.00001629619,0.000001577954,0.00004571765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958161,0.0003501213,0.003527672,0.0001931507,0.00009069657,5.071202e-7,0.000007780705,0.000007689131,0.000006279929],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8391308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3817336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163163770","doi":"10.2307/3558330","title":"New observations on the secondary chemistry of world <i>Ephedra</i> (Ephedraceae)","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Botany; Taxon; Proline; Amino acid; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0208325910332983,"gpt":0.2793299440871387,"spread":0.2584973530538404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001869756,0.0001071157,0.0003357106,0.00004474162,0.00005987422,0.000004733641,0.0001373158,0.00002134546,0.001285852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005343348,0.00006893363,0.0001624278,0.0003524521,0.0001779795,0.00005672548,0.00001517794,0.0003574817,0.00001611461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007254066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003388117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001914688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007323186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991606,0.00004622396,0.000341054,0.00008427559,0.0002178734,0.0001500108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998848,0.000239329,0.0004425024,0.0001853452,0.0001141603,0.0001706879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003423463,0.001976763,0.2413567,0.00003934426,0.002050427,0.001238255,0.001151575,0.00005603152,0.4736909,0.0004722185,0.130186,0.1443584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005092804,0.002840728,0.6630902,0.0004099183,0.00108661,0.002057257,0.001241546,0.00003142684,0.09257051,0.0006690213,0.2306385,0.0002714677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744547,0.000448165,0.0001190639,0.01584665,0.00009230233,0.0000755721,0.000003776187,0.000007573651,0.008952209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884765,0.0002766011,0.001374501,0.004473885,0.0002580463,0.000001341129,7.80226e-7,0.00001055164,0.00512777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4217336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018963394","doi":"10.3732/ajb.92.4.744","title":"Evolution of self‐fertilization at geographical range margins? A comparison of demographic, floral, and mating system variables in central vs. peripheral populations of <i>Aquilegia canadensis</i> (Ranunculaceae)","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Selfing; Outcrossing; Inbreeding depression; Range (aeronautics); Population; Ecology; Mating system; Mating; Inbreeding; Pollen; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01632644978826361,"gpt":0.2151440799841368,"spread":0.1988176301958732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002211773,0.000107704,0.000519478,0.00005849175,0.00008362248,0.000009051786,0.0000988215,0.00004155379,0.00001152478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002866521,0.00005371467,0.0001111626,0.0005769075,0.0001709812,0.0001426785,0.00003165134,0.00009084705,7.78032e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008241548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002940579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0142861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986461,0.0001227442,0.000679713,0.00009675995,0.0002612528,0.0001934034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989136,0.00008387816,0.000748784,0.00002115061,0.0001570815,0.00007551312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002184571,0.00008294386,0.9597996,0.00002817158,0.00003540398,0.000001082419,0.0003005692,0.0002113672,0.03731239,0.0001574754,0.00005003861,0.001802437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002616194,0.0005132656,0.993368,0.0001848041,0.00005641142,0.00002425082,0.002450619,0.002751056,0.00019072,0.00001073543,0.0001053458,0.00008321396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981592,0.001368901,0.00003653424,0.0002332617,0.00003610079,0.0000828199,0.00005347066,0.000006613535,0.00002305089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988268,0.0001320634,0.0009600986,0.00001206609,0.00006357214,9.143127e-7,0.000002401613,0.000001023634,0.000001050197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03712167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7971981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110742286","doi":"10.3732/ajb.0800209","title":"Is the anthophyte hypothesis alive and well? New evidence from the reproductive structures of Bennettitales","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Ovule; Botany; Gynoecium; Pollen; Fern; Sister group; Plant evolution; Flowering plant; Clade; Phylogenetics; Stamen; Genome; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0249295769950851,"gpt":0.2124352474383881,"spread":0.187505670443303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001832749,0.00006510416,0.0001503137,0.000005475575,0.0001329854,0.00002315107,0.000249078,0.00001617657,0.00005567066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001527489,0.00001772566,0.00006949152,0.0001591872,0.0002523354,0.0001476615,0.00002337457,0.00009659882,0.000001686901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008561157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009340836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001531077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001008119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993944,0.00009193049,0.0001428143,0.0001074072,0.0001737923,0.00008966296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988571,0.0006455086,0.000342407,0.00005202357,0.0000596096,0.00004336855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006791143,0.00004500749,0.06713989,0.000001247984,0.0001679565,0.00001569095,0.005548318,0.00001970101,0.3104359,0.0000733558,0.01923391,0.5966399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003689845,0.0005048564,0.9881915,0.00004514884,0.0000471625,0.00003407097,0.003968329,0.000004076282,0.002923353,0.003317259,0.000877063,0.00005032756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763161,0.002208702,0.000004181114,0.02133757,0.00004279748,0.0000371251,0.00002453471,0.000002448339,0.00002654736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968883,0.001775219,0.0003050274,0.0006944223,0.0003201556,4.853552e-8,2.423191e-7,2.255042e-7,0.00001637005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9210516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.231454,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791736779","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.1040","title":"Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Evolutionary biology; Plastid; Clade; Genome; Brassicaceae; Supermatrix; Phylogenomics; Genetics; Gene; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01133923333219737,"gpt":0.252972564393786,"spread":0.2416333310615887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001374468,0.0001500772,0.0004595064,0.00005218356,0.00003951903,0.000003581529,0.0002479803,0.00004704354,0.000004844043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001323383,0.0001096142,0.0001881249,0.0002163195,0.0009148213,0.000001396862,0.000138758,0.0000546966,1.208676e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008137526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009633593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001219935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005727222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987911,0.00007378737,0.0005906492,0.0001778651,0.00021748,0.0001491191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982311,0.00006339584,0.0009970425,0.0002734052,0.0003695381,0.00006553724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000138066,0.00009959602,0.1727765,0.000007189021,0.0004057022,2.19125e-7,0.0001191619,0.0001622952,0.8239868,0.000005531932,0.00001498884,0.002284024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001029496,0.0008961332,0.154234,0.00006745299,0.0003408482,0.00001902309,0.0003332161,0.0002884614,0.842338,0.0001174933,0.0001908373,0.0001450869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992767,0.002238054,0.004734765,0.00002310574,0.00007230179,0.00006126504,0.00008152438,5.133996e-7,0.00002148399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961015,0.0006528597,0.003005832,0.00004281229,0.0001745422,0.00000130337,0.000002321085,0.00001432127,0.000004534043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01854249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4469939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110498187","doi":"10.3732/ajb.0900384","title":"Inferring the higher‐order phylogeny of mosses (Bryophyta) and relatives using a large, multigene plastid data set","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Bryophyte Studies and Records","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Clade; Phylogenetic tree; Maximum parsimony; Sister group; Bryophyte; Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetics; Taxon; Phylogenomics; Supermatrix; Botany; Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09235701748700961,"gpt":0.2709229817134233,"spread":0.1785659642264137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002651979,0.0001144014,0.0003018203,0.00001146785,0.0001962565,0.00001357688,0.0003422817,0.00002444996,0.00007253292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006591174,0.00003571658,0.00006006832,0.0003139887,0.0003960541,0.0001465424,0.0002388119,0.0001543682,5.640147e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000776195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001275318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004794901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001527765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991079,0.00008708062,0.0003133291,0.0001417092,0.0001577866,0.0001921792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989759,0.0001977765,0.0005447475,0.00008800217,0.0001281262,0.00006544717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006414134,0.0005288708,0.4837559,0.00002965164,0.001161844,0.00006200728,0.004768884,0.00003492623,0.3556919,0.0001779278,0.001832822,0.1513139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001640994,0.0006361972,0.9887689,0.0000537887,0.00005208347,0.00004706891,0.004001265,0.0001303765,0.0001987408,0.00007289794,0.00576348,0.000111143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976406,0.001457767,0.00003667846,0.000144286,0.0004064568,0.00004851983,0.00006061137,0.00000431033,0.000200745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968808,0.0006915362,0.001857127,0.0000639444,0.0004834809,3.865524e-7,8.282051e-7,0.000001453405,0.00002045083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5050129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1509466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135616740","doi":"10.3732/ajb.0800183","title":"Ovule number per flower in a world of unpredictable pollination","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Dalhousie University","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ovule; Biology; Pollination; Pollen; Pollen tube; Botany; Gynoecium; Stamen","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01342569992124323,"gpt":0.2190097275650428,"spread":0.2055840276437996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000166132,0.00006011463,0.0002166101,0.00001725738,0.00003192651,0.000009051913,0.000100304,0.00001145007,0.000184232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002213654,0.00002241052,0.00006893727,0.0003783345,0.00005312365,0.00009281837,0.000009787552,0.0000856074,0.000005516041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001728996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005342116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009649931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007610007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993767,0.00002956208,0.0002431528,0.0000598768,0.0001620045,0.0001287057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996008,0.00006498021,0.0002163701,0.000009118618,0.0000675273,0.00004117513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003056795,0.0003330674,0.4032491,0.000001564984,0.00003153814,0.00003390191,0.0003021517,0.00001005902,0.3909914,0.0002190121,0.002240606,0.2022819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001179564,0.0006215544,0.9927506,0.00003880978,0.000007287378,0.00002222364,0.0004774885,0.00001177951,0.0006789964,0.0002592154,0.004949976,0.00006410436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954458,0.0001911754,0.000001838491,0.001379759,0.00002536591,0.0000217089,0.000006234023,0.000003727753,0.002924364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992108,0.0001181746,0.0001733427,0.0001716356,0.0001263399,2.160097e-7,3.246161e-7,2.847153e-7,0.0001988327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5895014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2017211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2444314350","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1600113","title":"Most Compositae (Asteraceae) are descendants of a paleohexaploid and all share a paleotetraploid ancestor with the Calyceraceae","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Ancestor; Asteraceae; Lineage (genetic); Polyploid; Evolutionary biology; Most recent common ancestor; Phylogenetics; Phylogenomics; Genome; Botany; Genetics; Gene; Clade","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008281297509695489,"gpt":0.2334330841307463,"spread":0.2251517866210508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001357692,0.0001813968,0.0003541889,0.00003829457,0.00007077256,0.00002067619,0.0002178849,0.00002611711,0.000008934294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003711693,0.00008803316,0.00007478367,0.0001244045,0.0004674725,0.00001474916,0.00008079903,0.00008599068,7.71008e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001031076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004511439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009710212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008557697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990062,0.00008248007,0.0003009002,0.0001890741,0.0001984374,0.0002229664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986497,0.00006859648,0.0006863883,0.0002149125,0.0002761866,0.0001042501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001145548,0.00009570382,0.2358133,0.00002158095,0.0006479382,0.00004253162,0.0004833732,0.000005811174,0.7096412,0.000002308651,0.0009829154,0.05111772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005803643,0.01375073,0.8155282,0.002031703,0.0005538639,0.002022535,0.012103,0.00001517558,0.07915838,0.00001494385,0.06797763,0.001040184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936838,0.003887335,0.0003936776,0.001805919,0.00005889253,0.00008489381,0.00005039428,0.000002486604,0.00003265346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975025,0.001343657,0.0005152485,0.00038628,0.0001601142,0.000002969666,8.845298e-7,0.00001975351,0.00006860563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6304829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3589888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041800277","doi":"10.3732/ajb.93.3.412","title":"Polyploid and hybrid evolution in roses east of the Rocky Mountains","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant tissue culture and regeneration","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Polyploid; Botany; Hybrid; Ploidy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002897819611336564,"gpt":0.1940156210120131,"spread":0.1911178014006766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007662139,0.00004957408,0.00009789289,0.0000216391,0.00002543944,0.000005108097,0.00006421551,0.00001671474,0.000001099995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001565986,0.00003193594,0.00003838071,0.00006242705,0.00009991927,0.000004003141,0.00001631209,0.00004818163,1.420836e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001417906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005451784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003144282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005384266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995955,0.0000436942,0.0001645834,0.00005596791,0.00007345899,0.00006676248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996654,0.000003167225,0.0002040882,0.00006053768,0.00004871272,0.00001807231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002784511,0.00002578934,0.02708998,0.000001499918,0.000009972274,0.000001625964,0.00001959683,0.0001423924,0.9710417,0.00003054896,0.0004790639,0.001129977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006142355,0.0006467822,0.3823653,0.00005742661,0.0000368502,0.0007871713,0.0005162805,0.00006458459,0.6050267,0.0001038477,0.009634683,0.000146112],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962364,0.002772955,0.0005556665,0.0002494584,0.00004758435,0.00002694817,0.000006836683,6.067328e-7,0.0001035414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994101,0.00009328078,0.0001022542,0.00002869177,0.0001641205,3.773202e-7,0.000001912574,0.000003709963,0.0001955782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.366015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.130231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151867514","doi":"10.2307/2657127","title":"The effect of salinity on different developmental stages of an endemic annual plant, <i>Aster laurentianus</i> (Asteraceae)","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Seed Germination and Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Asteraceae; Biology; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Botany; Salinity; Ecology; Remote sensing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00854973764004879,"gpt":0.2345026013433995,"spread":0.2259528637033507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002916102,0.0001065849,0.0002955804,0.00001518796,0.00007170979,0.000009709655,0.0002389367,0.00002624607,0.00009353805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003980322,0.00003222893,0.0001005567,0.0001430403,0.0001956202,0.00006866791,0.00002536293,0.0001393497,0.000001954427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001454319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009350781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002656873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006199564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988458,0.0003426197,0.0003593558,0.00008932294,0.0002155106,0.0001473539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985533,0.0007087799,0.0005524537,0.00003729995,0.00007026811,0.00007785643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001822884,0.000199838,0.1156559,0.000004817541,0.00008480425,0.00001353568,0.0004797169,0.000005671078,0.4081838,0.00001319941,0.0005392649,0.4729966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004341372,0.01036121,0.9459044,0.00005727027,0.00002424774,0.0001287023,0.002501007,0.000009689737,0.03456827,0.0000333438,0.005855477,0.0001222406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993704,0.00006773148,0.000001099049,0.0002215527,0.0001195682,0.00005488431,0.00005882094,0.000003637275,0.0001022824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996324,0.00008311055,0.00001673698,0.0001014429,0.0001027983,8.569746e-7,0.000005066786,8.81422e-7,0.00005673637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8302485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1314258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121099025","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1300449","title":"Phylogeny, character evolution, and biogeography of <i>Cuscuta</i> (dodders; Convolvulaceae) inferred from coding plastid and nuclear sequences","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Botany","topic":"Plant Parasitism and Resistance","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Cuscuta; Plastid; Character evolution; Convolvulaceae; Evolutionary biology; Biogeography; Botany; Phylogenetics; NdhF; Character (mathematics); Chloroplast DNA; Ecology; Genetics; Chloroplast; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005073867205009761,"gpt":0.1791489255892797,"spread":0.17407505838427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001888548,0.000108475,0.0003263906,0.00002572011,0.0001039351,0.00003622844,0.0001256513,0.00003523491,0.00002302041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003830675,0.00004542517,0.00006701497,0.0001935053,0.0005040169,0.0001434526,0.00002680172,0.00009937031,0.000001224354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006269167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006758941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000223824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006329917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991503,0.00009485552,0.0002919729,0.0001402863,0.0001689563,0.0001536821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990003,0.0002739738,0.0004957087,0.00003109915,0.00007520879,0.000123732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001489837,0.00002500916,0.1865317,0.000003724873,0.00005199695,0.000007505557,0.0001031097,4.720589e-7,0.801564,0.0001226801,0.0001726053,0.01126822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002217517,0.0006021676,0.9930706,0.0001041111,0.00003670315,0.00008643961,0.0009297203,0.00003962687,0.0007178272,0.0002888305,0.003764739,0.0001374834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985753,0.0006696151,0.0000295752,0.0003954403,0.00007897503,0.00003487718,0.00009445394,0.000007145771,0.0001145791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986348,0.0008321465,0.0002488634,0.0001383603,0.000138233,2.88123e-7,0.000002512538,0.000001020534,0.000003738721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8065389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1857072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}