{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":157,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":157,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d0594761e5d2","filters":{"venue":"American Water Works Association"}},"results":[{"id":"W1564984913","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10458.x","title":"Occurrence of Viruses in US Groundwaters","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Groundwater; Environmental science; Sampling (signal processing); Contamination; Microorganism; Indicator bacteria; Fecal coliform; Indicator organism; Biology; Bacteria; Environmental chemistry; Water quality; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Morteza Abbaszadegan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles P. Gerba","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01788493919615899,"gpt":0.3061627536234115,"spread":0.2882778144272525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005456147,0.00007454033,0.0003144274,0.0001173599,0.000017328,0.000008156909,0.00004499138,0.0000427187,0.00006731231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005131998,0.00005567562,0.0000568095,0.0001983977,0.0000811171,0.00008058859,0.00001470362,0.0001695372,0.00003497902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000237938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002070548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007563562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000903612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987601,0.0002555879,0.0002711838,0.0001471724,0.0001720076,0.0003939317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996148,0.00003832775,0.0001162769,0.0001023622,0.00005957425,0.00006861864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000811512,0.00006849372,0.9889606,0.000008735266,0.00002728552,0.000007556984,0.0001377968,0.00001891683,0.005151024,0.000006795667,0.001005688,0.004526012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001536491,0.0008323789,0.9817415,0.0001210756,0.00002416525,0.00001143728,0.0003722965,0.00005006598,0.008241219,0.0001114186,0.006824568,0.0001333742],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984097,0.00003177566,0.0001929831,0.0006697358,0.00006593551,0.000115196,0.000007399967,0.00001296528,0.0004942705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986532,0.0001472779,0.0003346538,0.0007097012,0.0000157047,0.00001394543,0.00003870548,0.000004344507,0.00008248194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007219033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2270386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1537153355","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10368.x","title":"Potential for pathogen intrusion during pressure transients","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":158,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Coliphage; Environmental science; Microorganism; Intrusion; Clostridium perfringens; Potable water; Environmental engineering; Microbiology; Biology; Geology; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Rezaul Karim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Morteza Abbaszadegan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003893967136067659,"gpt":0.2072873554246088,"spread":0.2033933882885411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004428859,0.00009841277,0.0001267407,0.00002158764,0.0001757225,0.00004864353,0.00008098521,0.00005856455,0.0004479609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005375098,0.00007820602,0.00007170773,0.0001120427,0.0000361045,0.0002055247,0.00002595865,0.0000767425,0.0001042036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000229228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002475731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001144349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002461856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988344,0.0001701851,0.0001855459,0.0002375054,0.000271125,0.0003012721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996805,0.00002322981,0.0001130644,0.0001050056,0.00001785452,0.00006035133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002745503,0.0005297591,0.5403804,0.00004837316,0.0001955127,0.000006368903,0.01004846,0.008900914,0.3726153,0.0001427573,0.003122798,0.06373476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002785729,0.0002177174,0.8222287,0.00002419154,0.0001685851,0.000002873309,0.0005617024,0.002770324,0.1113281,0.001192882,0.05795752,0.0007616088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919478,0.000005043817,0.006293301,0.0005091701,0.0001615036,0.0002728573,0.00001213982,0.00004314467,0.0007550655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962539,0.000005495852,0.0005591651,0.0002196153,0.0000334351,0.0000338451,0.00004235081,0.00001253606,0.002839625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2818483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4904858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541843191","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07824.x","title":"Effects of Media, Backwash, and Temperature on Full‐Scale Biological Filtration","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Backwashing; Biofilter; Filtration (mathematics); Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Water treatment; Biomass (ecology); Organic matter; Sorbent; Filter (signal processing); Oxalate; Activated carbon; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Monica B. Emelko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bradley M. Coffey","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Franklyn Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.001994599662417803,"gpt":0.1704262728337358,"spread":0.168431673171318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001021069,0.0001018191,0.0001364503,0.00002701043,0.00006893767,0.00003076797,0.00003342076,0.00008085143,0.00007229724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001854828,0.00006616912,0.00003602775,0.0001325438,0.00007615228,0.0001279566,0.00002189552,0.00006869812,0.00007674902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001679977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001153855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005971806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001663872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992579,0.00008573988,0.0001278443,0.0001891875,0.0001711027,0.0001682142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999681,0.0001158733,0.0001056866,0.0000614536,0.00000725938,0.00002872034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004668165,0.0001997258,0.7066749,0.000003505212,0.00001314406,0.000001323763,0.0004005229,0.000214562,0.2850568,0.00001010887,0.001405302,0.0059734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003164861,0.0002346626,0.9039057,0.000010385,0.00001892556,5.012163e-7,0.0000352307,0.00002480051,0.09486744,0.0003606426,0.0001300197,0.00009519519],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986012,0.00001121487,0.00002738123,0.0002829553,0.00007587464,0.0001382061,0.000002341009,0.00003178966,0.000829066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993332,0.00002450895,0.0001574886,0.00007867321,0.00007474301,0.00001507833,0.00009257237,0.000006077219,0.0002176788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1972308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2698298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1542766770","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09006.x","title":"Climate and waterborne disease outbreaks","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Research and Development; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Waterborne diseases; Outbreak; Environmental science; Precipitation; Surface runoff; Surface water; Water resources; Water quality; Groundwater; Climate change; Storm; Water supply; Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Meteorology; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Joan B. Rose","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott Daeschner","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Easterling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank C. Curriero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Subhash R. Lele","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan A. Patz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003408016960702177,"gpt":0.2035361957719349,"spread":0.2001281788112327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003670798,0.000106126,0.0001258631,0.00001597176,0.0001298938,0.00008449287,0.00007474502,0.00003220825,0.002750943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001437848,0.000076907,0.00003679328,0.0001005256,0.00009327797,0.0002634719,0.00006110664,0.00008391794,0.001397063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002047256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001136296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000486566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004638701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988769,0.0001291834,0.0001712349,0.0002483967,0.0002386158,0.0003356964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996335,0.00002788887,0.000061817,0.0001270784,0.000005870547,0.0001438723],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005774395,0.00006457879,0.6694245,0.000003497948,0.00001191775,0.000004014171,0.001296021,0.0001136969,0.0004542953,0.00001420221,0.0009688048,0.3275867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000270518,0.00003219788,0.9815586,0.000008123195,0.00002153441,3.773958e-7,0.00005793176,0.0007790583,0.0006514825,0.0002562334,0.01617376,0.0001901676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915362,0.000005939371,0.00003769242,0.003328685,0.00003652189,0.000100973,0.000007616048,0.00006617152,0.004880217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940473,0.0000806501,0.00009442205,0.001316432,0.0000323383,0.00001389342,0.00004468243,0.00001055068,0.004359765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3273965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577315848","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09023.x","title":"Conventional and optimized coagulation for NOM removal","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Coagulation; Turbidity; Chemistry; Water treatment; Total organic carbon; Pulp and paper industry; Activated carbon; Flocculation; Chromatography; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Kimberly Bell‐Ajy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Morteza Abbaszadegan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eva Ibrahim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Debbie Verges","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004267672328133662,"gpt":0.2072268554424997,"spread":0.2029591831143661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001648353,0.00007957151,0.000103373,0.00001756074,0.0001364067,0.00005716207,0.00002669595,0.0000385387,0.001423758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007777466,0.00006305151,0.00004594199,0.00007312545,0.00004655811,0.0002462483,0.00001226425,0.00003089027,0.0001943022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002562485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001669037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003482385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002390292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993473,0.00003860254,0.0001220684,0.0001783289,0.0001374706,0.0001762029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997907,0.00004036916,0.00006922158,0.00005500873,0.000007906476,0.00003679152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004433986,0.0002365122,0.6182749,0.000004326083,0.0001195049,0.000001994896,0.001033022,0.01075931,0.003851054,0.00004136985,0.006081579,0.359153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006093325,0.0005448894,0.9098811,0.00002367586,0.0002271624,0.00001246396,0.0001507168,0.02595518,0.005708889,0.003710321,0.0470274,0.0006648938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946288,0.000004464702,0.001640007,0.0007605683,0.00005560343,0.0002197461,0.000004260357,0.0000425136,0.002643963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902954,0.00001897126,0.003135746,0.0001346892,0.00005763092,0.00003456801,0.0001825232,0.000008857791,0.006131674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3584881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977094597","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0037","title":"Nationwide assessment of nitrosamine occurrence and trends","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"American Water Works Association","keywords":"Chloramine; Nitrosamine; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Disinfectant; N-Nitrosodimethylamine; Chromatography; Chlorine; Organic chemistry; Carcinogen","authors":[{"name":"Caroline Russell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicole Blute","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve Via","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xueying Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zaid K. Chowdhury","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005184063714559592,"gpt":0.246903961052112,"spread":0.2417198973375524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002215403,0.00007711985,0.000109517,0.00004635683,0.00005979135,0.00002027219,0.00003292386,0.00002707534,0.0003286218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001118103,0.00005669219,0.00002700513,0.0002022848,0.00005619623,0.0003866352,0.00004304774,0.00004677755,0.0000306184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002321768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001280046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004346734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003352336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992943,0.00005215761,0.0001299665,0.0001088262,0.0002067202,0.0002080658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996938,0.00003574488,0.0001440451,0.0000680187,0.000008518733,0.00004993964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002398718,0.0001051592,0.9672925,8.444882e-7,0.00001358606,5.75221e-8,0.0003470435,0.00004139102,0.002266722,0.000007646124,0.000431154,0.02949145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001805231,0.00006276742,0.9951038,0.000003234746,0.00002822026,4.585867e-7,0.00005385507,0.0001555928,0.003563546,0.00003396175,0.000735793,0.00007823628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946039,0.000008225396,0.0003917266,0.0002524928,0.00008944006,0.00004404195,0.000005902912,0.00002100401,0.004583245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987252,0.00001571875,0.0005561236,0.0000408665,0.00003323624,0.00001093798,0.00008046979,0.000003896114,0.0005335116],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02941322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3598178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1559997297","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09358.x","title":"Factors Affecting Drinking Water Biofiltration","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biofilter; Backwashing; Chlorine; Anthracite; Chemistry; Formaldehyde; Water treatment; Pulp and paper industry; Sand filter; Environmental chemistry; Glyoxal; Factorial experiment; Chloramine; Environmental engineering; Sorbent; Environmental science; Waste management; Adsorption; Wastewater; Coal","authors":[{"name":"Xibo Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin M. Slawson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008964069798117862,"gpt":0.214418988322177,"spread":0.2054549185240591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002493907,0.0001632411,0.0001469069,0.00005198949,0.0002753066,0.0001439,0.00007028878,0.0000660418,0.0008761426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001501067,0.00009735912,0.00007721377,0.0002008302,0.0000390623,0.000579063,0.00005700246,0.0001011424,0.0008158532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007871891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001306742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00154883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003282755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987338,0.00009273138,0.0001739757,0.0002710567,0.0002822486,0.0004461518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996657,0.00003982102,0.000106326,0.0001208297,0.000009699475,0.00005763653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006866126,0.00004858628,0.9629205,4.838631e-7,0.00002186799,0.000001458028,0.002278579,0.000580672,0.02602154,6.33207e-7,0.0001692829,0.007949492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003347129,0.000121295,0.8018948,0.00001082792,0.00005514518,0.000001870273,0.0006885476,0.0002347526,0.1941357,0.0002074124,0.001989004,0.0003258678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940644,0.000001730949,0.0006413672,0.0003932554,0.0002116483,0.000143511,3.629874e-7,0.0001469022,0.00439685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981745,0.000009036697,0.00007044442,0.0001011807,0.0001033641,0.000009177335,0.0001270934,0.00001822448,0.001386971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1681142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999622,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979795923","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0107","title":"Assessment of biomass in drinking water biofilters by adenosine triphosphate","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Biofilter; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Adenosine triphosphate; Pulp and paper industry; Carbon source; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Biochemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Lizanne Pharand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michele I. Van Dyke","is_ca":true},{"name":"William B. Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002797031992964437,"gpt":0.2101222272781616,"spread":0.2073251952851972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004661181,0.0001415932,0.0002246274,0.00007196037,0.00006109579,0.000046184,0.00009627895,0.00005978635,0.0002774285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000833266,0.00009341528,0.00005894301,0.00023038,0.00006502446,0.0002762399,0.00007264192,0.00008040022,0.0001041198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007079568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001902003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003850814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000203467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986452,0.0001363109,0.00028225,0.0002601594,0.0003007523,0.0003753149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996091,0.0000351122,0.0001642298,0.0001368335,0.000008935803,0.00004585624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008121488,0.0001155263,0.8574874,0.000001941566,0.00001913898,4.679122e-7,0.0003461033,0.0002838152,0.1351775,0.000002326686,0.000397084,0.006160602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008002571,0.0001700978,0.6969763,0.00001902843,0.00003005898,2.959187e-7,0.00005209403,0.001044251,0.2990615,0.0001520352,0.001491307,0.0002027679],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962193,0.000004621221,0.00106147,0.0007451075,0.0001088999,0.0001441925,0.000001777277,0.0000346106,0.001680002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989548,0.00001199667,0.0003174409,0.0001086965,0.00002232834,0.00002141817,0.0001272175,0.00001460679,0.00042146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.163884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5821305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802731048","doi":"10.1002/awwa.1044","title":"Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Hexavalent chromium; Chromium; Risk assessment; Water contamination; Toxicology; Contamination; Toxicity; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Environmental health; Chemistry; Biology; Medicine; Ecology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ivy D. Moffat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nadia Martinova","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chad Seidel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chad M. Thompson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00331847762956976,"gpt":0.2041604676771259,"spread":0.2008419900475561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005690259,0.0001152078,0.0001468671,0.0000487069,0.00009622173,0.00006288324,0.0001150314,0.00006197491,0.001070683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002228042,0.00007305892,0.00004049433,0.0001930423,0.0001086589,0.0002410222,0.000122516,0.0001145593,0.00172593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00119171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002904599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001473529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001361167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986616,0.00009703368,0.0001992842,0.0002673965,0.0003222168,0.0004524483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996842,0.00003307128,0.00008952346,0.0001344564,0.00001101736,0.00004777276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002283646,0.00007408871,0.7714827,0.000001845655,0.00001326814,0.000002952038,0.004220557,0.0001726444,0.1988582,0.000001528141,0.001685768,0.02346358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006419914,0.0002230234,0.7812355,0.00002617437,0.00001793142,9.69027e-7,0.0001489541,0.002304526,0.2054994,0.0002084369,0.009350449,0.0003426369],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964046,0.000002063002,0.000124652,0.001270382,0.0002514658,0.0001551776,5.446459e-7,0.00004198456,0.001749056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984216,0.00001081021,0.0001643262,0.0005052788,0.0003445105,0.00001571083,0.00003288962,0.00001367618,0.0004911812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02312094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791677295","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11420.x","title":"Investigating dissolved lead at the tap using various sampling protocols","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Water Network; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Lead (geology); Tap water; Environmental science; Sampling (signal processing); Aeration; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Clément Cartier","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Laroche","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elise Deshommes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shokoufeh Nour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guillaume Richard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marc Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04435811785671184,"gpt":0.2710468940169198,"spread":0.2266887761602079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003249528,0.0001395004,0.0001322854,0.00001974039,0.0004529738,0.00008390249,0.0001094502,0.00005154296,0.0004020818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003804387,0.00008472938,0.0000608289,0.000211306,0.0001334502,0.0002909068,0.000144146,0.0001109326,0.0003438309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001059461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004382451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004964264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004426321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988176,0.0001188623,0.0001978854,0.0002458573,0.0002604218,0.0003594338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994649,0.00004527902,0.0002509273,0.0001762739,0.00001046795,0.00005209641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007887114,0.0000561638,0.9698196,0.000001207622,0.0000250438,7.03654e-7,0.003518642,0.0005269148,0.01962437,0.000002054671,0.0001212209,0.006296177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005732524,0.0001654388,0.9384859,0.00004963882,0.0001288607,0.000005184126,0.000527124,0.00237065,0.05496372,0.001042528,0.001235866,0.0004518657],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942119,0.000001873443,0.001090168,0.0001430876,0.00006438493,0.00205438,0.000001262909,0.00007103301,0.002361949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958762,0.000001091817,0.002159063,0.0001875559,0.00005646346,0.000907628,0.00002126808,0.00001896923,0.0007717965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03533936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7504515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041885928","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0086","title":"Emerging Contaminant Removal by Biofiltration: Temperature, Concentration, and EBCT Impacts","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Biofilter; Environmental chemistry; Biodegradation; Chemistry; Naproxen; Contamination; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Ecology; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Cynthia Hallé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sigrid Peldszus","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008196447588062268,"gpt":0.2463044632257775,"spread":0.2381080156377153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003658267,0.0001522103,0.0001686272,0.000009404437,0.0001271555,0.000121428,0.00007527426,0.00006278357,0.0001550527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006297899,0.0001120341,0.00002818069,0.0001560259,0.0001771722,0.0005013032,0.00006892813,0.0001430694,0.0001819191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004932393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006902535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003813988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002081671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986594,0.0001008394,0.0002068265,0.0002600389,0.00036819,0.0004047019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994279,0.0000337289,0.0001326202,0.00009456321,0.000009402046,0.0003017448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004187009,0.0001292151,0.4857717,0.000003368475,0.0000430998,0.00001473092,0.001512165,0.000122107,0.4636858,0.00001266111,0.02960968,0.01905358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003610784,0.0007252633,0.3247994,0.00009304361,0.0001761109,0.0000844201,0.002462505,0.003296884,0.5593949,0.0004617238,0.1034563,0.001438686],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938403,0.0001076114,0.00009240172,0.003657823,0.000120749,0.0001422744,0.000008949868,0.00003953748,0.001990358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969101,0.0001679185,0.0002880851,0.001557105,0.00006395975,0.000002545857,0.00007291123,0.00001299295,0.0009243925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1609723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.456862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1486790606","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb07474.x","title":"Evaluation of loose deposits in distribution systems through: unidirectional flushing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flushing; Organic matter; Environmental science; Fraction (chemistry); Environmental chemistry; Mineralogy; Composition (language); Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Geology; Chromatography; Biology; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Annie Carrière","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Gauthier","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. L. Desjardins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benoît Barbeau","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01330438602995799,"gpt":0.274204877787066,"spread":0.2609004917571081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001629257,0.00008368234,0.0001390986,0.00003624973,0.00006201674,0.00003768979,0.00006721519,0.00005758184,0.0001887232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001113509,0.00007372971,0.00003349888,0.0003384317,0.00003592518,0.000532178,0.00002531132,0.00008728374,0.00007304816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001766059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001209791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001339497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001041236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981317,0.0003796135,0.0003401088,0.0001727407,0.0008069763,0.0001688634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994869,0.00004646672,0.0002617756,0.00009102351,0.00008976,0.00002409707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004353759,0.0004109855,0.3063717,0.000007475181,0.0000642974,5.332756e-7,0.005458957,0.3229809,0.05167541,0.000376442,0.01104911,0.3015607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00155293,0.0001584078,0.4660927,0.0001069263,0.0001485377,0.000003701801,0.0007723226,0.3592412,0.1534928,0.001177723,0.01664763,0.0006050397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899961,0.00005385842,0.005965893,0.0005724196,0.00008601454,0.000284361,0.000005635067,0.00005349173,0.002982252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988608,0.00003114928,0.0005059256,0.00008087717,0.00005194103,0.00005756344,0.0001555406,0.000006887079,0.0002493023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3009557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4618184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1516954358","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07664.x","title":"Optimizing source water blends for corrosion and residual control in distribution systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"University of Central Florida; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Alkalinity; Corrosion; Water quality; Environmental science; Copper; Groundwater; Water treatment; Environmental engineering; Lead (geology); Metallurgy; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Syed Imran","is_ca":true},{"name":"John D. Dietz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ginasiyo Mutoti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weizhong Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"James S. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vimalkumar Desai","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002705329748387029,"gpt":0.1833836336908234,"spread":0.1806783039424364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003336386,0.000118768,0.0001655506,0.00003205754,0.0001468561,0.0001137963,0.00003545781,0.00006637535,0.00001449356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007718413,0.00008011614,0.0000327027,0.00008253607,0.00004268459,0.0002616042,0.0000291742,0.00005894678,0.0000402036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000672391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000181023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003334699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002846079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989602,0.00008269182,0.0002059496,0.0002366156,0.0001635438,0.0003510252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997407,0.00005117915,0.0000968541,0.00006996946,0.00001082984,0.00003043956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001082605,0.00009320762,0.934613,0.000005682689,0.00001074982,0.000001650128,0.0006208923,0.03972461,0.02067749,0.00001050176,0.001787914,0.002345976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0136486,0.001230278,0.7436809,0.0001847752,0.0004420242,0.00001581435,0.00191933,0.106779,0.101698,0.001336841,0.02723532,0.001829113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768748,0.00001601694,0.02193348,0.0005014566,0.0001135253,0.0003482284,0.00001433456,0.00004712226,0.0001509845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980283,0.000005071632,0.00007283056,0.00003803212,0.00008812403,0.00008278636,0.000644982,0.00001231382,0.001027596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1909322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.504109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1494391862","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10706.x","title":"Detection of Infectious <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in Filtered Drinking Water","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"Texas State University","keywords":"Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidium parvum; Water quality; Water treatment; Biology; Veterinary medicine; Genotype; Polymerase chain reaction; Surface water; Microbiology; Feces; Environmental science; Medicine; Environmental engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Ramon Aboytes","is_ca":false},{"name":"George di Giovanni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felicia A. Abrams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Corey Rheinecker","is_ca":true},{"name":"W.J. McElroy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nancy E. Shaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003612113494972297,"gpt":0.2090885704543527,"spread":0.2054764569593804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002932505,0.0001212309,0.0002517852,0.0001838107,0.0001027829,0.00001625251,0.00006012197,0.0001574251,0.00005517358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008372847,0.00009140688,0.00007130641,0.0002092551,0.00007109019,0.0001260543,0.0000321417,0.0002468998,0.0002259091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004498608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001642032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002128986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005640638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989694,0.0001068342,0.000317362,0.000176893,0.00004578548,0.0003836799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995233,0.00009402802,0.000154884,0.0001291081,0.00008623864,0.00001240911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004729165,0.0002311998,0.2037091,0.000005421605,0.0001139855,0.000003619546,0.002611232,0.002095608,0.7846493,0.00007052867,0.00003206928,0.00643066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001417521,0.0001833763,0.05566935,0.00003993655,0.00003581977,0.00001044868,0.000185909,0.000003888863,0.9403864,0.001033523,0.0008669047,0.0001669485],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954311,0.00003487407,0.003001606,0.0001692706,0.0006326303,0.0001331313,0.000002944746,0.00005863448,0.0005357614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995345,0.00004433808,0.00004202129,0.000113968,0.00003900148,0.00002568576,0.00008020941,0.00001292081,0.0001072849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1557371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3727464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1517636853","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10577.x","title":"Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Filtration","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Filtration (mathematics); Microsphere; Cryptosporidium parvum; Pilot plant; Cryptosporidium; Chromatography; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Polystyrene; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Materials science; Microbiology; Mathematics; Biology; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Polymer","authors":[{"name":"Monica B. Emelko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003955664696271337,"gpt":0.2325780556146063,"spread":0.228622390918335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000209605,0.0001266263,0.0001924335,0.00004058262,0.0002655039,0.00004972883,0.00007004738,0.0001451428,0.0001327546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023144,0.000105312,0.00009270665,0.0001241873,0.00007661015,0.0001316076,0.0000143295,0.0001283042,0.00078085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002718564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004501409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008713561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001349948,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991308,0.00005054204,0.000212116,0.0001962664,0.00003471786,0.0003755024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992858,0.0002661047,0.0001651415,0.0001161286,0.0001491086,0.0000177645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000334996,0.0008409913,0.1546469,0.00002198408,0.0008488607,0.000003746872,0.003325917,0.003147709,0.7876718,0.007258737,0.0247005,0.01719783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00262441,0.0005529971,0.01772089,0.00004277099,0.0001393063,0.00001501316,0.0007225371,0.000004156187,0.9334956,0.005677531,0.03860445,0.0004003697],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989854,0.0001320021,0.006157617,0.001371486,0.0008213005,0.0002956532,0.00003356857,0.0001136585,0.001220754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996781,0.0000637267,0.000642426,0.0005075172,0.0000912865,0.00007841065,0.000555992,0.00001618057,0.001263483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1458238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1503469698","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09053.x","title":"Using Coagulants to remove organic matter","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Alum; Chemistry; Turbidity; Tannic acid; Coagulation; Organic matter; Water treatment; Raw water; Aluminium sulfate; Environmental chemistry; Humic acid; Pulp and paper industry; Flocculation; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Kirsten Exall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gary W. vanLoon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006583102299244597,"gpt":0.2212972462987055,"spread":0.2147141439994609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001039444,0.0001066393,0.0001192024,0.00002684064,0.0001124133,0.00007068559,0.00006430267,0.00003873575,0.01508893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003970607,0.00008173865,0.00003657505,0.000241215,0.00002221604,0.0002249511,0.00003442199,0.00005207915,0.01520102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007929411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001818288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001659932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009247417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990848,0.00005429144,0.0001270006,0.000220144,0.0002072401,0.0003065432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997357,0.00001174541,0.00005341171,0.0001237838,0.000005258172,0.00007007994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001861674,0.00005506518,0.9568267,4.316105e-7,0.00001952741,0.000002025418,0.0008909651,0.00156654,0.01936588,1.271436e-7,0.003506028,0.01774802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004024842,0.00009730769,0.9694729,0.0000164646,0.0000626243,0.000005309065,0.0001099736,0.0005210449,0.02203102,0.0001621482,0.006743571,0.0003751424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925156,0.000001222753,0.0002732215,0.0007011859,0.00006868562,0.0001257077,0.000001533806,0.00004586012,0.006266954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915408,0.000003715803,0.0005781938,0.001074069,0.00005894233,0.000005389578,0.00001996432,0.00001626431,0.006702626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01737288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9858114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792813945","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09510.x","title":"Chlorite and Chlorate ion variability IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Chlorate; Chlorine dioxide; Chlorite; Chlorine; Chemistry; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Environmental chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mineralogy; Materials science; Geology; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Hélène Baribeau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. L. Desjardins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Lafrance","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald J. Gates","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004432680644451685,"gpt":0.1764554997650375,"spread":0.1720228191205859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006039436,0.0001013121,0.0001839454,0.00001348263,0.00006051988,0.00006251872,0.00005500243,0.00005585109,0.0004152377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005626418,0.00007652255,0.00003555906,0.0002441799,0.00008212742,0.0002656021,0.00007317129,0.0001195269,0.0002104442],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001126178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":3.780641e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002547688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005819611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989218,0.000108401,0.0002148915,0.0002493402,0.0002253061,0.0002802897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996313,0.00005490894,0.00012018,0.0001119038,0.000002714776,0.00007893696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007811685,0.0001217204,0.970451,0.000002459466,0.00001447077,0.000001236812,0.0002948157,0.001795091,0.00978604,0.0000031257,0.0006436867,0.01687857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003470409,0.00005228917,0.9390801,0.00001723251,0.00003387066,0.00000134126,0.0001492808,0.0539878,0.003159421,0.0001620268,0.00272677,0.0002828973],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998216,0.00001770166,0.0002585059,0.0006383946,0.00004180921,0.00009019405,0.000007961028,0.00001783249,0.0007115863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992917,0.0001279486,0.00001546367,0.00006893786,0.00003274598,0.0000117078,0.00006579802,0.000005860167,0.0003798387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05219271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4546562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036361352","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09529.x","title":"Explaining the occurrence of coliforms in distribution systems","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Health Canada","keywords":"Coliform bacteria; Environmental science; Distribution (mathematics); Water quality; Fecal coliform; Contamination; Bacteria; Biology; Ecology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Marie‐Claude Besner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Gauthier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Servais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne K. Camper","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006857761492710362,"gpt":0.1920218343796735,"spread":0.1851640728869632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002519862,0.00006890694,0.0001052307,0.00001670723,0.00007347112,0.00003451744,0.00006769883,0.00002951495,0.0001217617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002279791,0.00003986936,0.00002911679,0.0002752509,0.00005648372,0.0002128914,0.00003095408,0.0000657468,0.0001649946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005096646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.140074e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001829722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009969858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992365,0.00007389019,0.0001748091,0.0001165085,0.0002021924,0.0001961585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996732,0.00004912627,0.0001608758,0.00009055973,0.000007050743,0.00001916819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004948387,0.00006211611,0.9861268,0.000001314183,0.000007531964,4.573857e-7,0.001397717,0.003078256,0.0002384585,0.000008270418,0.001558715,0.007515404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006991786,0.0001804541,0.9733321,0.00005649274,0.00003818557,0.000002072035,0.001794231,0.0163357,0.003417394,0.00009356147,0.003784169,0.0002664662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981089,0.00001572328,0.0002776117,0.0002673501,0.0001048973,0.0001415813,0.00001049163,0.00001770896,0.001055789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996368,0.00002760737,0.000006590993,0.00002093893,0.00001732868,0.00002833477,0.00006762102,0.000002818704,0.0001919313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01325744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2766005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790698613","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09493.x","title":"Effects of Filter Operation on <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Removal Microbial Pathogens","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waterloo; Johns Hopkins University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Cryptosporidium; Filtration (mathematics); Turbidity; Cryptosporidium parvum; Effluent; Filter (signal processing); Coagulation; Microbiology; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Biology; Environmental engineering; Mathematics; Ecology; Medicine; Engineering; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bradley M. Coffey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monica B. Emelko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Danielle D. Maurizio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin M. Slawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"William B. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Van Den Oever","is_ca":false},{"name":"An P. Douglas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles R. O’Melia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00418809456062987,"gpt":0.1955501758013588,"spread":0.191362081240729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001574527,0.0001346516,0.00024667,0.00008785242,0.0001393143,0.00001937162,0.00006911878,0.0001557405,0.0003026533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001679447,0.0001085072,0.00009295182,0.0001312324,0.00007246808,0.00007623861,0.00002100691,0.0001901786,0.001008143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001549672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006943873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009679603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006570895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989986,0.0001971524,0.000252041,0.0001951122,0.00005093958,0.0003061621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992198,0.0003482974,0.0001886668,0.0001408001,0.00008643909,0.00001604828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006446709,0.0005474979,0.010557,0.00001321439,0.0002222644,0.00001336849,0.001173456,0.0003377244,0.9489177,0.0001681126,0.02342986,0.01455535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001569956,0.0005066058,0.0150253,0.00006335703,0.0001392924,0.00002015835,0.00006457552,0.00006272481,0.9642578,0.00003757669,0.01796644,0.0002861716],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962986,0.0001192027,0.0005262533,0.0003781246,0.0008816699,0.0002002603,0.00001973766,0.00004969698,0.001526466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975132,0.0001229693,0.0001403407,0.0005466486,0.00009479222,0.00001809807,0.0001192109,0.0000144969,0.001430195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01534016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1544122969","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2008.tb09657.x","title":"A valuation of ecological services in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin with an emphasis on Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"American Environmental and Regional History","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wildlife; Valuation (finance); Water quality; Value (mathematics); Geography; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Natural resource; Business; Natural resource economics; Environmental protection; Fishery; Ecology; Economics; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Gail Krantzberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheryl de Boer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007259439218293291,"gpt":0.1822745769422794,"spread":0.1750151377239861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001860546,0.0001014752,0.0001456659,0.00002246586,0.000127232,0.000004488485,0.0001572829,0.00003021776,0.0002955836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003495521,0.00005506049,0.00002605449,0.0001965368,0.0004310561,0.0001233404,0.00002201972,0.00009571185,0.00001905163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008405154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001701227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.255677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5209295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986986,0.0002149041,0.0001412955,0.0001946243,0.000557869,0.0001927143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996014,0.00005996804,0.0001715235,0.0001255134,0.000004603021,0.00003701986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085715,0.0003137719,0.9783636,0.000001898912,0.00001884845,0.00001841742,0.006102394,0.006952206,0.0002220098,0.000002591092,0.001285722,0.006632762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002004201,0.0003564784,0.9916688,0.000008307875,0.00001311892,0.000004327789,0.002845173,0.000223241,0.000129492,0.00001578924,0.004427935,0.0001068908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976926,0.000005155001,0.00001531923,0.001060877,0.00002278454,0.000119969,0.00000410626,0.000007374511,0.001071752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980451,0.00002221263,0.0001086591,0.00142796,0.0000189587,0.00001938715,0.00005582309,0.000006938838,0.0002949836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2652525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7492795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022899987","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0018","title":"Ultrafiltration organic fouling control: Comparison of air‐sparging and coagulation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Fouling; Sparging; Alum; Ultrafiltration (renal); Coagulation; Chemistry; Flocculation; Air sparging; Membrane fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Water treatment; Dissolved organic carbon; Turbidity; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Membrane; Chromatography; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental remediation","authors":[{"name":"Heather E. Wray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert C. Andrews","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre R. Bérubé","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005756510415599613,"gpt":0.2244289334847765,"spread":0.2186724230691769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002518964,0.0001022397,0.0002229526,0.0000491386,0.0001028176,0.00004584756,0.00008477025,0.00007386562,0.0003973351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001189109,0.00008592808,0.00002547605,0.0002241514,0.0001088619,0.0004770737,0.00003437079,0.0001098993,0.0001579017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002053803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003030996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005483398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008820018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989257,0.00008046089,0.0003198941,0.0001950733,0.0002691126,0.000209723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993064,0.0001198753,0.0003840123,0.000127179,0.00003008719,0.00003238292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006743503,0.00002980188,0.6831135,0.000003760494,0.00001951782,5.627978e-8,0.001039173,0.007994791,0.2902356,0.00001650275,0.0003410442,0.01719953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005293289,0.0001238582,0.7021052,0.0000207783,0.00003947896,6.874603e-7,0.001550585,0.0509014,0.2438072,0.0005550239,0.0001256152,0.000240833],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880185,0.00001166982,0.009932651,0.00115969,0.00004374381,0.0002745311,8.87423e-7,0.0001020238,0.0004562657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986312,0.00001316041,0.001058972,0.0001222283,0.00001768778,0.00002260803,0.00002109994,0.00001060322,0.0001024499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04642834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4350541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1760203973","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0180","title":"Full‐Scale Prechlorine Removal: Impact on Filter Performance and Water Quality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbidity; Filtration (mathematics); Effluent; Filter (signal processing); Water treatment; Sand filter; Chemistry; Biofilter; Backwashing; Environmental science; Water quality; Pulp and paper industry; Haloacetic acids; Slow sand filter; Hydraulic head; Filter press; Environmental engineering; Wastewater; Mathematics; Inlet","authors":[{"name":"Amina K. Stoddart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Graham A. Gagnon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01319930028539561,"gpt":0.2546832677172726,"spread":0.241483967431877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005162997,0.0001634399,0.000180067,0.00003442652,0.00009922712,0.00008233835,0.00006069066,0.00005718408,0.000254979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001206447,0.00008972917,0.00005302817,0.0001030984,0.0000622544,0.0004213701,0.00008041557,0.0001014294,0.0008670658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008437028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002783458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001640136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009559262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987467,0.0001128116,0.0001780233,0.0002724675,0.0003252693,0.0003647565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995786,0.000024992,0.0000917923,0.0001654522,0.00001530114,0.0001238442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002565183,0.0001062161,0.9723561,0.000002009873,0.00003072074,0.000001465314,0.002024424,0.001064593,0.004070451,3.974437e-7,0.002006536,0.01808061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008871161,0.0009558342,0.9590078,0.00001286444,0.00003698422,0.000006366633,0.0001555827,0.0005810991,0.03477076,0.0001797948,0.003087837,0.0003179576],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945785,0.000002498364,0.00003903802,0.0006767454,0.0001209794,0.0001426557,0.000002788258,0.00006992273,0.004366894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965935,0.00001384566,0.0001570367,0.0001558535,0.00008009285,0.00001736168,0.00007737465,0.00001463661,0.002890352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03070031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073784370","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0114","title":"Cyanobacterial detection using in vivo fluorescence probes: Managing interferences for improved decision‐making","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Phycocyanin; Cyanobacteria; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Chlorophyll a; Multispectral image; Fluorescence; Remote sensing; Biological system; Environmental chemistry; Computer science; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Botany; Optics; Physics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Arash Zamyadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natasha McQuaid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Dorner","is_ca":true},{"name":"David F. Bird","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mike Burch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Hobson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007191858208024886,"gpt":0.2388014088120289,"spread":0.231609550604004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006824548,0.0001268796,0.0001955451,0.00005665274,0.0001248929,0.00008478011,0.0001206718,0.00006546258,0.00009473525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000731066,0.000103222,0.00004840679,0.0002111041,0.00003190557,0.0005079026,0.0000804288,0.00009719167,0.0000182045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009844864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004612948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001796244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987974,0.00007305193,0.0003072326,0.0002131767,0.0001525072,0.0004566875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994075,0.0001410254,0.0002837458,0.0001112487,0.00001155822,0.00004495401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000135616,0.00007945882,0.7530497,0.00001414984,0.00002590858,2.844587e-7,0.003157434,0.002609354,0.07348352,0.00001029772,0.00002943586,0.1674048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009857401,0.0002378707,0.1143604,0.0004745957,0.00006915835,0.000005529098,0.001785237,0.8581407,0.02016838,0.001491643,0.001429977,0.000850747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9303447,0.000003598158,0.06856094,0.00003848296,0.0005475475,0.0003434396,0.00000518632,0.00002415267,0.0001319739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934408,0.00000568738,0.00625265,0.00004825302,0.0001622226,0.0000413618,0.00000511503,0.00001546365,0.00002842577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8555313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.420927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2894987292","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0102","title":"Role of the water main in lead service line replacement: A utility case study","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Halifax Regional Water Commission; Stantec (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mains electricity; Lead (geology); Ductile iron; Tap water; Service life; Environmental science; Metallurgy; Cast iron; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Geology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Eliman Camara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Krysta R. Montreuil","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alisha K. Knowles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Graham A. Gagnon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00553505656739721,"gpt":0.2099672271617397,"spread":0.2044321705943425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003905318,0.0001119128,0.0001474935,0.00002742784,0.00009234758,0.00003882885,0.00009370658,0.00003808443,0.0006077083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000981583,0.00005319293,0.00004205732,0.0002645271,0.00003675414,0.0002674511,0.0001489674,0.00009627127,0.0002977006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004322306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002342809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08300157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01406312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987798,0.0002320039,0.0002465503,0.0002267788,0.0002392041,0.0002756293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995726,0.00002466485,0.0001180703,0.0002408559,0.00001563426,0.00002815121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001535761,0.0004027032,0.9805107,0.000001265621,0.00001965638,0.000003640571,0.007947325,0.0002955702,0.005912099,7.105258e-8,0.0000796996,0.00481192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007744316,0.0001866385,0.9643071,0.000008204654,0.00004186112,0.000008083983,0.008718477,0.001651887,0.02382584,0.0002234399,0.0001116536,0.0001423485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978394,0.000001726235,0.000008287301,0.0009609974,0.00004430515,0.000594481,0.000001576897,0.00001873497,0.0005305115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990085,9.43833e-7,0.00002477929,0.0001503746,0.00001559387,0.00007473595,0.00001177334,0.000008463118,0.0007048121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06893844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9231048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1521273918","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10371.x","title":"<i>Cryptosporidium</i> and microsphere removal during late in‐cycle filtration","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Water Works Association Research Foundation","keywords":"Cryptosporidium parvum; Filtration (mathematics); Turbidity; Filter (signal processing); Microsphere; Effluent; Chromatography; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental engineering; Microbiology; Environmental science; Biology; Mathematics; Chemical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Monica B. Emelko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Douglas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002340980446764984,"gpt":0.1964059122077036,"spread":0.1940649317609386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002329844,0.0001026702,0.0001674655,0.00004919098,0.000128973,0.00003255519,0.00003078252,0.0001221673,0.0001092212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001269334,0.00009148134,0.00003000493,0.0001525386,0.00005689069,0.0001239126,0.00001268805,0.0001888239,0.0001389458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001610825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001441207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002950598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000928914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999137,0.0001487184,0.0001938797,0.0001807427,0.00002753013,0.0003120981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996364,0.0001089159,0.0001094453,0.00009106923,0.00003934919,0.00001485677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004635272,0.000144365,0.7046012,0.000008121291,0.00009495381,0.00001578647,0.001577844,0.0004671639,0.2892787,0.0003237588,0.0004759007,0.002965832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002792608,0.0001346117,0.6631892,0.0000673847,0.00007145058,0.0001005891,0.0007519593,0.00002352741,0.3164156,0.0009747455,0.01495232,0.0005259304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971783,0.0002105373,0.0001262789,0.0001623605,0.0002898224,0.0001015264,0.000004344767,0.00003780152,0.001889049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981324,0.0001737258,0.0002066026,0.0001292178,0.00001903097,0.00001207164,0.00004628902,0.00001035288,0.001270278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04141198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W992674114","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2010.tb10210.x","title":"Lead removal from tap water using POU devices","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Canadian Water Network; McGill University","keywords":"Tap water; Particulates; Environmental science; Lead (geology); Turbidity; Effluent; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Elise Deshommes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yan Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karine Gendron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sébastien Sauvé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marc Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shokoufeh Nour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005778110985451936,"gpt":0.2151329286956368,"spread":0.2093548177101848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001880205,0.0001535481,0.0001577911,0.00003398385,0.0001946105,0.0001371132,0.0001042291,0.00009208291,0.001219058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001123626,0.00009771337,0.00007002532,0.0001135114,0.00007510988,0.0004913385,0.00008807611,0.0001690192,0.001675139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004085655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002648767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01504716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003028583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987782,0.00006550866,0.0001773258,0.0002999101,0.0002840615,0.0003949664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996107,0.00002944448,0.0001134304,0.0001732075,0.00001149262,0.00006173157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001029329,0.0000598671,0.7483183,3.852522e-7,0.00002914585,0.000005221242,0.0006080596,0.0001306781,0.2399496,6.887339e-7,0.0002159091,0.01067181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007908749,0.00008916497,0.6988279,0.00001327284,0.0002132974,0.000009642314,0.0003881136,0.002300622,0.2770686,0.0007905611,0.01886553,0.0006424662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996693,0.000002684978,0.0002191811,0.0004255924,0.0004304956,0.0001259208,0.000003555515,0.00008223325,0.002017393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966542,0.00000225217,0.00202777,0.0003176367,0.0002301761,0.0000110809,0.0001148619,0.00001965846,0.000622362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04949045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1594749868","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10297.x","title":"Actinomycetes in Lake Ontario: habitats and geosmin and MIB production","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Water Research Institute","keywords":"Geosmin; Periphyton; Macrophyte; Odor; Taste; Biology; Sediment; Mussel; Streptomyces; Ecology; Botany; Bacteria; Food science; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Beryl Zaitlin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan B. Watson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeff Ridal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Trevor Satchwill","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Parkinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004429788851059778,"gpt":0.1955542343568759,"spread":0.1911244455058161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001929887,0.00008419196,0.0001081653,0.0000268204,0.00005441945,0.0000248828,0.00002110199,0.00004719865,0.000003058463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006183649,0.00007303651,0.00001551032,0.00004255987,0.00004004106,0.000001812369,0.00002773374,0.00005778938,9.960368e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003932206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001404146,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007436413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994032,0.00005135501,0.0001033507,0.0002214323,0.0000484384,0.0001721673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997931,0.00001056429,0.00006642146,0.00007482861,0.00003014959,0.00002498247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001266997,0.00001775265,0.9270386,0.000002350637,0.00003519972,2.951624e-7,0.000689187,0.00001949696,0.06715776,0.000003740045,0.0001607546,0.00486217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002979954,0.0001256224,0.9394745,0.000007344434,0.0000164004,0.000003905063,0.0003541505,0.00000262193,0.03387405,0.0001650578,0.02551402,0.0001643573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99887,0.0002644237,0.000009123419,0.0003232948,0.00008387527,0.0001003427,0.00000208832,0.000001791879,0.0003450606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981781,0.0002910712,0.0004579546,0.00009426264,0.00004172006,0.00001588414,0.00001621622,0.000007765925,0.0008970794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05038636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9661844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018158260","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0006","title":"Low‐pressure UV/Cl<sub>2</sub> for advanced oxidation of taste and odor","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Odor; Hydrogen peroxide; Trihalomethane; Chlorine; Geosmin; Peroxide; Quenching (fluorescence); Radical; Ultraviolet; Environmental chemistry; Photochemistry; Organic chemistry; Fluorescence; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Michael J. Watts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Run Hofmann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erik J. Rcdsenfeldt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00549159657409342,"gpt":0.1992772191370819,"spread":0.1937856225629885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001933973,0.0001506138,0.0002133921,0.00004145953,0.00009187008,0.00001680708,0.00009325086,0.00005702271,0.00007414915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004216316,0.0001236539,0.00005070387,0.0001505806,0.0001006608,0.0004866874,0.00007416094,0.00005863822,0.00005246731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002322871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003602889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007759246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000426875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988454,0.00005868522,0.0002678326,0.000310591,0.0002279158,0.0002895503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992849,0.00005978856,0.000382015,0.0001745014,0.00003489965,0.00006395436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001429062,0.0001721956,0.08897513,0.00001715642,0.0000977098,6.247057e-7,0.002944983,0.001297178,0.7818402,0.00001987566,0.0002103092,0.1242817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006540668,0.0001828731,0.06089941,0.000021032,0.00006879377,4.698894e-7,0.0002490245,0.0002071886,0.9365814,0.000493547,0.0004677878,0.0001743759],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882363,0.00001400355,0.01074883,0.000158696,0.00007229866,0.0004483474,0.0000176966,0.00004162065,0.0002621691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910498,0.00005232801,0.008334075,0.0001003181,0.00002046906,0.00009676128,0.00008642411,0.00002250639,0.0002373206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1547412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5042458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1245489066","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0121","title":"Full‐Scale Ozone–Biofiltration: Seasonally Related Effects on NOM Removal","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brantford Energy (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biofilter; Chemistry; Ozone; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon; Biomass (ecology); Water treatment; Natural organic matter; Carbon fibers; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Environmental science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Lizanne Pharand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michele I. Van Dyke","is_ca":true},{"name":"William B. Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yonatan Yohannes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00448734171863834,"gpt":0.1974439844468912,"spread":0.1929566427282528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003517192,0.0001750391,0.0001802657,0.00003975126,0.0001325439,0.00009657184,0.00008916732,0.00009855998,0.0001953733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004385326,0.0001329005,0.000076768,0.0003088659,0.00005352233,0.0003516773,0.00004643439,0.0001388993,0.003255049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001246942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000884672,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004374768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001718251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984511,0.0001819451,0.0001931107,0.0003278964,0.000499255,0.0003466513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994199,0.00006512667,0.0001696318,0.0001766531,0.00002180975,0.0001469074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002653968,0.0003453086,0.9247418,0.000003329766,0.0001013306,0.00002999093,0.002634841,0.00224304,0.009895893,0.00001646718,0.01530768,0.04441493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004271043,0.00320945,0.9245896,0.00008187615,0.0002699311,0.00003578925,0.0005009694,0.002112719,0.04337174,0.002266252,0.01810015,0.001190521],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799219,0.000007622504,0.0001530802,0.001927913,0.0003511731,0.0002226882,0.000001776659,0.00014387,0.01726995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941272,0.000005829856,0.0005745618,0.0003685835,0.0001377244,0.00002504976,0.0001381824,0.0000202154,0.004602716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0432244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977109094","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0055","title":"How severe can transients be after a sudden depressurization?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of Sheffield","keywords":"Cabin pressurization; Superposition principle; Cavitation; Transient (computer programming); Mechanics; Shock wave; Shock (circulatory); Overpressure; Reflection (computer programming); Materials science; Acoustics; Geology; Physics; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Richard Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joby Boxall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryan Karney","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruno Brunone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvia Meniconi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003482021950223142,"gpt":0.1641528807396017,"spread":0.1606708587893785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001482691,0.0001587101,0.0001931521,0.00008183702,0.00005793424,0.0001713814,0.00007456283,0.00009224375,0.00003125422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001036962,0.0001334106,0.00005648384,0.0002150853,0.00001292697,0.0005788415,0.00001405971,0.0001058902,0.00001861627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002505051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003908147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001247066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002152493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989183,0.00006164996,0.0001716038,0.0001307743,0.0002481863,0.0004694816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996122,0.00001820176,0.00006481758,0.0001443806,0.0000621892,0.00009828067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002481852,0.00008611973,0.8930666,0.00006760182,0.0004248869,0.000003281683,0.02092831,0.06229248,0.0006960031,0.00001521988,0.01518027,0.007214418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003745221,0.0001822573,0.748208,0.0003382613,0.0007654047,0.00002606446,0.004004375,0.04975541,0.02768216,0.00009349946,0.1610696,0.004129663],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659936,0.000210859,0.02815242,0.001934165,0.001264018,0.0003995784,0.00004689294,0.0005101745,0.001488318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963874,0.00002855909,0.0003607323,0.0001484071,0.0003279325,0.00006893025,0.0001580356,0.00004898598,0.002471071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1458894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5440325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2312295591","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0016","title":"PEX and PP Water Pipes: Assimilable Carbon, Chemicals, and Odors","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"University of South Alabama; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Odor; Polyvinyl chloride; Total organic carbon; Polyethylene; Polypropylene; Chemistry; Toluene; Contamination; Water pipe; Water quality; Environmental chemistry; Toxicology; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Connell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandra C. Stenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauren Weinrich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelby L. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raaj R. Ghosal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajarshi Dey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew J. Whelton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00556690130323444,"gpt":0.1899752596648522,"spread":0.1844083583616178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002636785,0.0001328538,0.0001579796,0.00002151486,0.00007952164,0.00009619417,0.00004177883,0.00006462701,0.00008278012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018302,0.00008346775,0.00002098629,0.00008731435,0.00009742984,0.0002578282,0.0001021775,0.00007718011,0.0001122642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004428407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002500263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002841055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008295439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990017,0.00005754757,0.0001330597,0.0002651646,0.0002206364,0.000321939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996763,0.00001999703,0.00006343814,0.00009728555,0.00001232559,0.0001306372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001918298,0.00005015915,0.9793893,0.00000176154,0.00002747295,0.00000184066,0.002214514,0.00006305114,0.01038174,7.343517e-7,0.003428465,0.004421824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004802028,0.000839101,0.5816667,0.00005690563,0.0004476032,0.0000237724,0.003024503,0.004165472,0.350985,0.0038618,0.04834317,0.001783988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937239,0.00003157244,0.00001945647,0.001252412,0.00007158258,0.0001072087,0.000001117196,0.00005514349,0.004737646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975823,0.00005322318,0.0001386394,0.0001878952,0.00005230812,0.00001505153,0.00003876159,0.00001328685,0.001918599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3977225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4294844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000468286","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0093","title":"Direct biofiltration pretreatment for fouling control of ultrafiltration membranes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biofilter; Ultrafiltration (renal); Fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Membrane fouling; Turbidity; Membrane; Chemistry; Water treatment; Coagulation; Pulp and paper industry; Biofouling; Chromatography; Environmental engineering; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Sigrid Peldszus","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jan Benecke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Jekel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007867961199457733,"gpt":0.2317427816159643,"spread":0.2238748204165065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005778611,0.0001337193,0.0002354798,0.00005228358,0.0001069527,0.00002948289,0.00009940312,0.00008800769,0.0001429946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001885589,0.0001040194,0.00008327841,0.0002125857,0.00008155751,0.0005423091,0.00001530532,0.00005571959,0.00006132527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003904697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000464208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002035116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003596903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987728,0.00008927663,0.0003153766,0.0001881042,0.0002845549,0.0003498828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991477,0.0002290686,0.0003854546,0.0001647526,0.00002883461,0.00004419175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001037701,0.0002464101,0.3856195,0.00002067971,0.0001346868,9.586497e-8,0.002014181,0.007779719,0.574015,0.0000866547,0.0006066833,0.02937268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006046994,0.000189791,0.02774738,0.0000109473,0.00009304526,5.207798e-7,0.000327161,0.002044767,0.9670894,0.00009129291,0.001601077,0.0001999115],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712425,0.00005003074,0.02529302,0.0006554359,0.0001865059,0.0007638984,0.00001720237,0.0001559675,0.001635386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969649,0.00004257808,0.00232052,0.00009762309,0.00007086854,0.0001573836,0.00007993649,0.00001464391,0.0002515454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3930745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4241788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023279702","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0075","title":"Water distribution system reliability under simultaneous multicomponent failure scenario","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Reliability (semiconductor); Reliability engineering; Computer science; Sensitivity (control systems); Engineering","authors":[{"name":"A. Gheisi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gholamreza Naser","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002159265554859133,"gpt":0.1619359704707313,"spread":0.1597767049158721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005690448,0.0002356469,0.0003413826,0.00005208128,0.0001502065,0.0001877681,0.0001432274,0.0001576474,0.0000128431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003717701,0.0001606664,0.00009024702,0.0001266547,0.00002899956,0.0002205755,0.00004732597,0.0002053725,0.0002276661],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001567075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003940057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003902086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001544227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982129,0.000181155,0.0004348678,0.0002919978,0.0003417977,0.0005373345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992676,0.00009553666,0.00009657432,0.0002967552,0.0001496663,0.00009388164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001016223,0.00002644646,0.003532115,0.00006050819,0.0000600201,0.000001272268,0.0006802931,0.9915577,0.001703082,0.00003054354,0.001205313,0.001132531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005490321,0.00005658616,0.002423769,0.0001006906,0.00006554792,0.000003668757,0.0004090499,0.9676279,0.01266145,0.00002916913,0.01558411,0.0004890158],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7461208,0.000009026859,0.2508001,0.0007418481,0.00079477,0.0003458051,0.00001828386,0.0008607224,0.0003086303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981471,0.000004238191,0.0003946664,0.0000397139,0.0002596173,0.00003458326,0.0007352207,0.00004768386,0.0003371641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2520263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6551787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1588056719","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2008.tb09584.x","title":"Quantification of uncertainty in microbial data—reporting and regulatory implications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Organism; Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Contamination; Computer science; Sampling (signal processing); Environmental chemistry; Data mining; Ecology; Biology; Chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Monica B. Emelko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip J. Schmidt","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Alan Roberson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0386596505249906,"gpt":0.2802726451789447,"spread":0.2416129946539541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001024283,0.00006578404,0.0001543467,0.00003777718,0.00008490634,0.0000123607,0.000124602,0.00004053537,0.00004089605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001952818,0.00005650995,0.00001837502,0.0002148813,0.0001503431,0.0002576548,0.0001182806,0.00008016265,0.00001816196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002592008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007804143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002998373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005714108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998773,0.0001208772,0.0005353044,0.0002558836,0.0001582424,0.00015665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989082,0.00005962152,0.0006987563,0.0002816744,0.00001983572,0.00003189571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006756208,0.00004788072,0.9518095,0.000002459062,0.00000580915,4.174217e-7,0.001132552,0.0005726989,0.03384199,0.00001932542,0.0005734186,0.01198716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001339919,0.00001081382,0.9951481,0.000005935913,0.000005484153,0.000001619214,0.0001098913,0.001115798,0.002750812,0.00008500753,0.0005536876,0.00007886987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997745,0.00000484095,0.0004805585,0.001317689,0.00002829606,0.0001149547,0.000009189438,0.00001745496,0.0002820632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999149,0.00002022208,0.0003124376,0.000131483,0.00001293584,0.000006885302,0.0001610193,0.000005541836,0.0002004236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04333855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4532662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794051119","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb10235.x","title":"Acidic Methanol Methylation for HAA Analysis: Limitations and Possible Solutions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pennsylvania State University; Agilent Technologies; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Methylation; Methanol; Chemistry; Haloacetic acids; Derivatization; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry; High-performance liquid chromatography; Chlorine; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Yuefeng F. Xie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Inni Rashid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haojiang Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Gammie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02528551018026026,"gpt":0.2290419346793792,"spread":0.2037564244991189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002628533,0.000110483,0.0001641514,0.0001295083,0.0003354703,0.00010126,0.00004449133,0.00005589241,0.0002424926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005677918,0.00008911428,0.0001075059,0.0006646639,0.00007724945,0.0004473793,0.0000327393,0.00005359772,0.0001594681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003712896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001316472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006528997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005914158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990178,0.00008714414,0.0001735461,0.0002502363,0.0001779014,0.0002933253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995241,0.0001383469,0.000146258,0.000111011,0.00002126466,0.00005904778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002235935,0.0003530545,0.8522126,0.000003961638,0.001142017,5.737331e-7,0.00588064,0.009948122,0.009459605,0.0001233576,0.004034644,0.1168191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001803373,0.0005331438,0.878674,0.00001333193,0.004294733,0.000001660594,0.001814546,0.0865419,0.01536021,0.004462294,0.00564812,0.0008526706],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9601862,0.00007883766,0.03178734,0.003738569,0.00009744964,0.0004297478,0.00001320445,0.0001246238,0.003544037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955857,0.00008795016,0.001933193,0.0001035711,0.00003500164,0.000107302,0.0001264706,0.00001020276,0.00201058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1159664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3633975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2532933509","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0167","title":"Monitoring‐Based Framework to Detect and Manage Lead Water Service Lines","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Lead (geology); Environmental science; Flushing; Piping; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental engineering; Medicine; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Elise Deshommes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alicia Bannier","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Laroche","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shokoufeh Nour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006005372268020298,"gpt":0.2190851975359306,"spread":0.2130798252679103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001713635,0.0001488589,0.0001393914,0.00004784396,0.0001277291,0.0000834888,0.00008046326,0.00007162817,0.0001815434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002293504,0.00007755635,0.00003635984,0.0001829837,0.00003173092,0.0002615935,0.00008980444,0.00005995895,0.001448584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004129798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000113031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001033347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000130267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998897,0.00006330952,0.0001408164,0.0002986637,0.0002256186,0.0003745506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996105,0.00007271265,0.00005646929,0.0001598137,0.00001483903,0.00008562674],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004078834,0.00002648222,0.8210633,0.00000296539,0.00002741934,0.000002273672,0.0009283993,0.0001890921,0.05513214,4.834909e-7,0.0001843989,0.1224022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005842961,0.0002090492,0.5493322,0.0001076451,0.00006644159,7.160128e-7,0.0001115684,0.00006729326,0.4440218,0.0010293,0.004058904,0.0004107495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872014,0.000004316457,0.005762792,0.006341839,0.0001730932,0.0001579309,0.000001688376,0.00009528386,0.0002616578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957488,0.00001431283,0.002367981,0.000562322,0.0001376732,0.00003970337,0.0000056213,0.00001896276,0.001104646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3888897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068029032","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0006","title":"Strategic Water Utility Management and Financial Planning Using a New System Dynamics Tool","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Finance; Business; Sustainability; Financial modeling; Financial plan; System dynamics; Asset (computer security); Strategic planning; Water utility; Cash flow; Environmental economics; Strategic financial management; Cash; Asset management; Economics; Computer science; Water supply; Marketing; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Rashid Rehan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrè Unger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark A. Knight","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carl T. Haas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007071469922298942,"gpt":0.1814499284647849,"spread":0.1743784585424859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002748495,0.0001647104,0.0001995776,0.0001060032,0.0001078301,0.0002117805,0.00008079153,0.00006346568,0.000008220179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002946553,0.0001285384,0.00003549975,0.0001204892,0.00001515559,0.0001914172,0.0000594459,0.0001062318,0.00001474345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003801788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001820631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001067163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001442301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989693,0.00005112481,0.0002302002,0.0001979851,0.0001792125,0.000372171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997326,0.00001167504,0.00005894482,0.0001295492,0.00001913258,0.00004815767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004633802,0.00002486148,0.06178829,0.0003480552,0.0002498695,0.00001029225,0.00297507,0.8905627,0.0002054943,0.0006158223,0.0005336441,0.0426396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003395249,0.00002146696,0.004985076,0.00007343123,0.00007947106,7.273615e-7,0.0004017411,0.9925325,0.0002082674,0.0001723045,0.0009392413,0.000246237],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8457596,0.00001387039,0.1509752,0.00004864698,0.0001869795,0.0001881468,0.000001408761,0.000269629,0.0025565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997226,0.0000066074,0.002055478,0.00003821764,0.0001450511,0.000007195402,0.00008907719,0.00002846286,0.0004039137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1514664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5241646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969183137","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0141","title":"Low‐risk cyanobacterial bloom sources: Cell accumulation within full‐scale treatment plants","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cyanobacteria; Sedimentation; Filtration (mathematics); Raw water; Water treatment; Microcystis; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Bloom; Slow sand filter; Microcystis aeruginosa; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Biology; Ecology; Sediment; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Arash Zamyadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Dorner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mouhamed Ndong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Donald Ellis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anouka Bolduc","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Bastien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004631580040561263,"gpt":0.1929314924376845,"spread":0.1882999123971232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002472047,0.0002041393,0.0002676137,0.00003027668,0.00019004,0.0001577283,0.0001283079,0.0001052458,0.001151273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001214792,0.0001474905,0.00007682866,0.0001199869,0.00004509092,0.0003265834,0.00005557059,0.0001099835,0.002451409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009031376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007776114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009052316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002451478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984283,0.0001755422,0.000363828,0.0003201159,0.0003196183,0.0003925491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990144,0.00008900081,0.00054947,0.0002262504,0.00001316217,0.0001076537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003218211,0.0001847375,0.9556639,0.000003244782,0.00004825056,9.851959e-7,0.005490648,0.01132524,0.01290406,6.783638e-7,0.0004637144,0.01388236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002534419,0.000993708,0.8353383,0.00006952522,0.000179028,0.000004756911,0.002384343,0.1116606,0.04167353,0.0004375952,0.00352076,0.001203407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971889,0.000002652337,0.0008129765,0.0001084108,0.0002982456,0.0004145803,0.00003070302,0.00006355801,0.001079964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973487,0.00002893536,0.000508425,0.0000825258,0.000174514,0.00006447198,0.0001900953,0.00002405639,0.001578291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1203256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2276414305","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11567.x","title":"Assessment of hydraulic flocculation processes using CFD","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Flocculation; Computational fluid dynamics; Mixing (physics); Environmental science; Turbulence; Pilot plant; Velocity gradient; Nova scotia; Turbulence kinetic energy; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Geology; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Yamuna S. Vadasarukkai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Graham A. Gagnon","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Reid Campbell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Clark","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01465216218391882,"gpt":0.2419650791257792,"spread":0.2273129169418604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001662726,0.00009655034,0.0001347888,0.00004093103,0.00007763034,0.00002014892,0.00005719504,0.00004009067,0.0004706966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001452698,0.00007297876,0.00004032739,0.0002985828,0.00004957025,0.0003853393,0.00004118288,0.00004656845,0.00005608226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004792471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008515894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003202087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001037809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991428,0.00005752859,0.0001853618,0.0001731396,0.0002470107,0.0001941251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995838,0.00001798516,0.0002402097,0.0001015116,0.00002360113,0.00003291053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005837758,0.0001176541,0.988696,0.000003984141,0.00002563534,4.269192e-7,0.0009766573,0.001460665,0.005776982,0.000003421322,0.00003679386,0.002895909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001971025,0.00008896281,0.9690733,0.00001306791,0.00005993628,5.77882e-7,0.0001161672,0.00204209,0.02789976,0.000311524,0.00007421624,0.0001232917],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882975,0.00000301651,0.003439595,0.00003341237,0.00007009985,0.000128908,0.000001076098,0.00003747571,0.007988877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997085,0.000007079895,0.002632214,0.00003875506,0.00002633616,0.00001024243,0.00002684352,0.00001017485,0.0001633415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02212278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5153798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978857230","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0143","title":"A rapid method for lead service line detection","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; HEC Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère de la Santé; Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Spectrum analyzer; Protocol (science); Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Sampling (signal processing); Lead (geology); Inductively coupled plasma; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Process engineering; Computer science; Mass spectrometry; Chromatography; Telecommunications; Engineering; Plasma; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Clément Cartier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alicia Bannier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maciej Pirog","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shokoufeh Nour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0140264426281692,"gpt":0.266014263171984,"spread":0.2519878205438147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001207527,0.0001054011,0.0001651782,0.00002433038,0.0001292236,0.00002789721,0.00007966001,0.0000737938,0.0002088972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000862068,0.00008174859,0.00007167995,0.0002877061,0.00001830573,0.0003759289,0.00004688004,0.0001099285,0.0005097763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003937641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002420094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001214738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003467956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988195,0.0001687658,0.0001802924,0.0001722959,0.0002161599,0.0004430231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999493,0.0001343497,0.0001470116,0.0001206264,0.00001891158,0.00008607175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005327898,0.0001432062,0.04243948,0.000006054186,0.00005546825,1.291665e-7,0.001913102,0.0003360488,0.1281665,0.000003418598,0.0007048759,0.8261784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009156382,0.0004442272,0.1550736,0.00001298363,0.0001710534,0.000003732388,0.000462785,0.01448189,0.649038,0.0003890072,0.1783428,0.0006643043],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8021936,0.0000247631,0.1937231,0.002022406,0.0003457071,0.0003380074,0.000005374701,0.00008988479,0.001257147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847334,0.000009914657,0.01242325,0.001764918,0.0002887613,0.00006007366,0.00001964085,0.0000165452,0.0006835132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8255141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6552314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986705000","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0071","title":"Homeowners' decision‐making in a premise plumbing failure–prone area","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Premise; Business; Risk analysis (engineering); Preference; Process (computing); Computer science; Economics; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Juneseok Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ewa J. Kleczyk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darrell J. Bosch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea M. Dietrich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vinod Lohani","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. V. Loganathan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008649029589151458,"gpt":0.1914021663636642,"spread":0.1827531367745127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007861942,0.0001661266,0.0004686803,0.0003110179,0.00009684683,0.0003419388,0.0001909731,0.0001227707,0.000650482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002174896,0.0001733722,0.00009816328,0.0003364969,0.00003389165,0.0006292639,0.00007920704,0.0002330672,0.001115429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001013845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000108051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001367561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004939141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998287,0.00002703343,0.0006626422,0.0004110058,0.00005063803,0.0005616861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989784,0.0001662359,0.0005089197,0.0002477652,0.00003425193,0.00006442107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001832927,0.00007206912,0.9064095,0.000006285276,0.00005001034,0.000001756455,0.002168013,0.0012723,0.00003857529,0.0001927681,0.002919393,0.08685101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002876149,0.0001548049,0.8217984,0.0004134313,0.00002768021,0.000004048992,0.00233055,0.07378957,0.0001245318,0.07403564,0.02235034,0.002094816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790627,0.00004694029,0.002999762,0.001160452,0.0002681165,0.0002578295,0.000005271879,0.00006020196,0.01613866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963876,0.0001175995,0.002530219,0.0003328045,0.0001003708,0.00006806807,0.00001777415,0.00003594696,0.0004096284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0847562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038961450","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0135","title":"Survey of water main failures in the United States and Canada","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Water Research Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Water resource management; Environmental planning; Business; Environmental protection","authors":[{"name":"Steven L. Folkman","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Rice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ammon Sorenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathan Braithwaite","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004765428575005085,"gpt":0.1751142622578488,"spread":0.1703488336828437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006540401,0.0000747969,0.0001265901,0.00006036476,0.00002464466,0.00002909612,0.00005404374,0.00003000501,0.000005364579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000142755,0.00004143175,0.00000834789,0.0001503655,0.00001223144,0.0001081422,0.00001137829,0.00007168024,0.000001247252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001572431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004889607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8503832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8081929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992082,0.0001757476,0.0001731185,0.00005201072,0.0001359196,0.0002549898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997479,0.00008314646,0.00003841219,0.00007279696,0.0000342445,0.00002346694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003635751,0.000009605367,0.9220943,0.00001298024,0.00003576342,4.526549e-7,0.006615553,0.06544293,0.0001161434,0.000002980241,0.005414735,0.0002509004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001949099,0.00001454644,0.9768966,0.00001897464,0.00001212953,7.094122e-7,0.001457937,0.01507079,0.002663041,0.000006366083,0.003499978,0.0001640135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989966,0.0000339805,0.0004048636,0.0002896201,0.0001093913,0.00008233648,0.00001369248,0.00001447468,0.00005509145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993923,0.0000372892,0.00003074306,0.0000768443,0.00002758986,0.000008108803,0.0003506115,0.00001147655,0.00006508594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05480228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1953071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967011044","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0157","title":"Life‐cycle energy analysis of performance‐ versus age‐based pipe replacement schedules","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Payback period; Embodied energy; Leakage (economics); Environmental science; Energy consumption; Energy (signal processing); Operations management; Engineering; Reliability engineering; Production (economics); Economics; Electrical engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Monica Prosser","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vanessa Speight","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yves Filion","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005169624163420805,"gpt":0.1839310086911638,"spread":0.178761384527743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000145626,0.0001244344,0.0003020354,0.0002490197,0.00004561679,0.00006515325,0.00008300028,0.00006293398,0.0001195584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002110102,0.0001030355,0.00009870053,0.0006073787,0.00001794345,0.0002216563,0.00001590206,0.00005905042,0.00002233529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002414662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008985004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000916434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002088452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990142,0.0000422335,0.0003230985,0.0001395208,0.00022852,0.0002524532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994485,0.00003966146,0.0001512088,0.0001937987,0.00009456993,0.00007226835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002122312,0.00002055385,0.02881486,0.00001315584,0.0009043689,1.546729e-7,0.0002662223,0.9656977,0.0002796462,0.00001236385,0.0007093051,0.003260418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005147737,0.00008836586,0.02482126,0.00001974449,0.0003364433,1.812294e-8,0.0001518085,0.9662033,0.006607979,0.000004058804,0.001054786,0.0001974852],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9532829,0.00003213915,0.04459719,0.0001435765,0.0003113971,0.0001092316,0.000004302628,0.0001422084,0.001377053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984136,0.00004119447,0.0008831663,0.00005683241,0.00005890448,0.00005238524,0.0002113317,0.00002127835,0.0002613576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04513065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4201667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020185882","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0007","title":"Distribution systems as reservoirs of <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and other amoebae","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University; Arizona State University","keywords":"Naegleria fowleri; Naegleria; Biofilm; Microbiology; Biology; Acanthamoeba; Legionella; Amoeba (genus); Meningoencephalitis; Bacteria; Virology","authors":[{"name":"Precious Biyela","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hodon Ryu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Albert F. Brown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Absar Alum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Morteza Abbaszadegan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce E. Rittmann","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01193299892508593,"gpt":0.2420004785035406,"spread":0.2300674795784547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003117172,0.0001000555,0.0001580683,0.00002725397,0.00006060771,0.0000290109,0.0001053287,0.0001045937,0.00001513532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006303994,0.00007832482,0.00004650284,0.0001062987,0.0001055703,0.000008555008,0.0000839967,0.00007748201,0.00001413395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004318919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002139013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001859653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003413171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990333,0.0001276229,0.0001867851,0.0002161039,0.0001725237,0.0002636146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994596,0.00001375934,0.0001641758,0.0001814378,0.000118871,0.00006210777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000504829,0.0002151832,0.5197495,0.00005121165,0.0003804383,0.000004056275,0.001334572,0.00003650675,0.4607498,0.0004046996,0.01162765,0.004941475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001415605,0.001352001,0.07291655,0.0001109704,0.00007869798,0.00001145472,0.002029973,0.0001852457,0.8404322,0.0002990265,0.08052815,0.0006401183],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969582,0.0002347007,0.0004541062,0.0001180215,0.00009312764,0.000145987,0.00003163028,0.00001059591,0.001953613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985543,0.0001969581,0.00004524443,0.0000872852,0.0001144116,0.00002030886,0.0001397103,0.00001667084,0.0008251423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.446833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3193993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1547199681","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10937.x","title":"Assessment of a distribution system nitrification critical threshold concept","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nitrification; Nitrite; Chloramine; Chemistry; Nitrogen; Environmental chemistry; Disinfectant; Chlorine; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Nitrate; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Katarina Pintar","is_ca":false},{"name":"William B. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin M. Slawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Franklyn Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005530935302954215,"gpt":0.2432996062002577,"spread":0.2377686708973035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003289807,0.0001210058,0.0002014996,0.00002205143,0.0001038942,0.00004433748,0.0001185639,0.00006153719,0.0001549334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001676372,0.00009222235,0.00007936831,0.0001949181,0.0001222066,0.0002721009,0.00005194196,0.00009579379,0.0001585826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001556445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007078559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002319107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001531298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986199,0.00009894109,0.0002941461,0.0002300435,0.0004595933,0.0002973498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994954,0.00005943243,0.0001854592,0.0001658461,0.00003003951,0.00006385996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004878305,0.0007073714,0.8797299,0.00001826762,0.0001729657,0.000005116244,0.001252537,0.004102482,0.08108203,0.001661896,0.003883482,0.02733519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001469995,0.0004080743,0.7362478,0.00009372114,0.0003209636,0.000009364268,0.001461385,0.02821465,0.2266753,0.0001567318,0.004290651,0.0006512887],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936154,0.00001393238,0.003517741,0.001074584,0.00007649746,0.000181062,0.00002583168,0.00006602691,0.001428944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961729,0.000005107951,0.00316476,0.00004734553,0.00008840005,0.00002560748,0.0002560325,0.00001051172,0.0002293178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1455933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4070049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792230080","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09054.x","title":"Improving Filtration of Cryptosporidium","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Florida; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cryptosporidium; Filtration (mathematics); Zeta potential; Coating; Sand filter; Filter (signal processing); Aluminum oxide; Cryptosporidium parvum; Slow sand filter; Water treatment; Aluminium; Materials science; Chemistry; Chromatography; Environmental engineering; Composite material; Microbiology; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Biology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Kathy Shaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve Walker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ben Koopman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002921881812022648,"gpt":0.204782755601158,"spread":0.2018608737891353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001748523,0.00007357831,0.0001537321,0.00004651744,0.00009465394,0.00001243198,0.0000484349,0.0000916516,0.001395308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007159819,0.00006035237,0.00005116824,0.0001208994,0.0000577003,0.00009710577,0.000007366857,0.0001136005,0.00051993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008979809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001573534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007385941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001555167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993553,0.00007763363,0.0002033805,0.0001145538,0.00003221108,0.0002169585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995495,0.0001234589,0.0001429806,0.0001039416,0.00007083971,0.000009249492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001289726,0.0003824609,0.1927415,0.00001157526,0.0003111731,0.000001904132,0.001730625,0.0008197182,0.4299465,0.0003322184,0.007321908,0.3662714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001715324,0.0005676548,0.1886493,0.00005182918,0.0002129554,0.00001322316,0.00054481,0.0001718946,0.7762611,0.0003916262,0.03091157,0.000508699],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948653,0.00005344699,0.001010849,0.0001924257,0.0002662061,0.0000808518,0.000009718485,0.00004480026,0.003476377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972281,0.00005167026,0.0001498733,0.0001088761,0.00004276368,0.00001009594,0.000142489,0.000007012796,0.002259046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3657627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984844251","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0058","title":"POU devices in large buildings: Lead removal and water quality","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services; Polytechnique Montréal; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"POU domain; Tap water; Environmental science; Water quality; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Elise Deshommes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shokoufeh Nour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benoît Richer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clément Cartier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Prévost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00795003060532751,"gpt":0.249653797983187,"spread":0.2417037673778595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007417646,0.0001169697,0.0001553425,0.00004004609,0.0001010043,0.00005913498,0.00004731552,0.00005887219,0.000223127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001557946,0.00007504173,0.00003362093,0.0001211111,0.00004137653,0.0006757603,0.00008812383,0.00008746756,0.0003868459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004878083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.239659e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002965126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006672198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987632,0.0001380071,0.0001847867,0.0001943287,0.0002032208,0.000516455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997281,0.00003159696,0.00008502912,0.00008924488,0.000005132789,0.00006093057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001199526,0.0001031888,0.9847314,0.000001725685,0.00001119708,7.685758e-7,0.002459825,0.00001268176,0.005391904,0.000005708039,0.0001326412,0.007136963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003801194,0.00002823161,0.9825599,0.000006942928,0.00001727389,0.000001695251,0.0004031653,0.00003266973,0.01115937,0.0001006382,0.005147043,0.0001629755],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970872,0.00002263445,0.00009859035,0.0007496172,0.00009848539,0.0001042117,0.000001610537,0.00003957286,0.001798102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985173,0.00001581095,0.0002904955,0.000287252,0.0000704603,0.00001179587,0.00004204688,0.00001020589,0.0007546243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006973987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4972251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1018597882","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0149","title":"Ultrasonic Treatment of Algae in a New Jersey Reservoir","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Turbidity; Effluent; Algae; Environmental science; Payback period; Filter (signal processing); Ultrasonic sensor; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Dissolved air flotation; Hydrology (agriculture); Sewage treatment; Geology; Oceanography; Engineering; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Orren D. Schneider","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Weinrich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Brezinski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287397420500416,"gpt":0.2319676997536377,"spread":0.2190937255486335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002016217,0.00007453765,0.0001654301,0.00003338922,0.00002863182,0.000007065203,0.00007048354,0.00003335127,0.0001680196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004830146,0.00005603027,0.0000287319,0.0002068477,0.00005963682,0.0001179392,0.00005191939,0.00003610365,0.0002052743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009690954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000871212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00548023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01246751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992716,0.00006738192,0.0001416911,0.000147283,0.0001461874,0.0002258845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996945,0.00004625513,0.0001130442,0.0000976119,0.000005693955,0.00004294058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002114614,0.00009361126,0.9684268,4.688889e-7,0.00003209136,0.000001566013,0.002751881,0.0009333287,0.00004465566,0.000004750348,0.0240734,0.00361634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007979208,0.0003453119,0.9834991,0.000005120988,0.00002384251,1.365267e-7,0.001279979,0.00009967184,0.0004711123,0.0004154882,0.01296233,0.00009998867],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863144,0.00001210035,0.0000454044,0.003604762,0.0000679435,0.0001457252,6.970671e-7,0.00001746555,0.009791472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938408,0.0001063297,0.0002735195,0.0002086137,0.00002005398,0.00001514762,0.000008810198,0.000005125892,0.005521637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01507234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8284505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1565005535","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10295.x","title":"Prioritizing watershed pathogen research","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Fecal contamination and water quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian National University; Ryerson University; Water Research Foundation; University of New South Wales; Water Environment Research Foundation","keywords":"Watershed; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Business; Risk analysis (engineering); Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Christobel Ferguson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nanda Altavilla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas J. Ashbolt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Deere","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02623755023487924,"gpt":0.2990235342692743,"spread":0.2727859840343951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003321304,0.0001015878,0.0001403495,0.00005174613,0.0002553414,0.000136582,0.0001415529,0.00006737024,0.0007070038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002534462,0.00007719659,0.00005230254,0.0003701071,0.000130989,0.0002958337,0.00008302045,0.0002498044,0.001911197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00100204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005725848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006057303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006276505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972994,0.0009352937,0.0002266755,0.000309528,0.0006639053,0.0005652349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999465,0.000119047,0.00008166047,0.000190687,0.0000454469,0.00009815658],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001427482,0.0000896463,0.9279772,0.000003387963,0.0000203359,0.00000670895,0.003465279,0.0000613043,0.0460985,0.0002264504,0.002420053,0.01961684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009174594,0.0001973861,0.770215,0.0000192213,0.00001994446,0.000003223077,0.001446621,0.0002999284,0.05299539,0.003847361,0.1693979,0.000640488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781645,0.000004676474,0.0002676274,0.000962803,0.00009987684,0.0001643435,0.000001804228,0.00005778802,0.0202766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935229,0.00000898817,0.0005373675,0.0003656133,0.00003507566,0.00002277267,0.00002530739,0.00001461715,0.005467336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1669779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003594997","doi":"10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0010","title":"Microbial Risk Modeling for Main Breaks","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Water Works Association","topic":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"American Water (Canada)","funders":"Water Research Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Flushing; Risk analysis (engineering); Disinfectant; Risk assessment; Environmental science; Risk management; Risk model; Contamination; Biology; Business; Chemistry; Computer science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Jian Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Orren D. Schneider","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick K. Jjemba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark W. LeChevallier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00925266107987303,"gpt":0.2739698989673685,"spread":0.2647172378874955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00105224,0.00009696776,0.0003284852,0.00006829158,0.00009705473,0.00002612827,0.0000585574,0.00007116887,0.0000194705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000764917,0.00007352424,0.0001278731,0.00006877699,0.00003609187,0.0000592767,0.0000286423,0.0002120894,0.00004235923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000259949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001323532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006504607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009054856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986316,0.0002224543,0.0002402033,0.0002137976,0.0001311156,0.0005608326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994702,0.00006584771,0.000121831,0.0001281956,0.00009889663,0.0001150244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002095249,0.0002612708,0.5945222,0.00006371695,0.0005748122,0.000005785962,0.0007433338,0.006410013,0.05198913,0.00005255868,0.04882861,0.2944533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01074594,0.004780227,0.06905776,0.0002979744,0.0004318744,0.00004652913,0.0005862523,0.8657243,0.002811514,0.003006489,0.04178211,0.0007290337],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8443312,0.000009786884,0.1497246,0.005346157,0.0001003986,0.0002485236,0.00002033952,0.00004567897,0.000173328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915257,0.00008391237,0.005612041,0.001414276,0.000508074,0.00004176793,0.0001916509,0.00002102947,0.0006015754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8593143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2998232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}