{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":222,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":222,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"81715266ebde","filters":{"venue":"Annals of Glaciology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2119284220","doi":"10.3189/172756409787769744","title":"Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":354,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Geodetic datum; Standard deviation; Series (stratigraphy); Geodesy; Geology; Glacier; Tidewater; Balance (ability); Glacier mass balance; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.123558601757804,"gpt":0.3082483591082155,"spread":0.1846897573504115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002366049,0.00007444903,0.0003287926,0.00003934194,0.00008048491,0.000008566218,0.00004232292,0.00003683484,0.0001547029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006785017,0.00005920302,0.00004252223,0.0001967908,0.0001026235,0.00004318406,0.000005205311,0.00004232071,0.000003514582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.640653e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005378643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000462873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006887805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993483,0.00004922902,0.0002041829,0.0001616606,0.00007791509,0.000158725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996308,0.00007938712,0.00008987432,0.00009417642,0.00005604813,0.0000497179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000159517,0.000009173504,0.9899939,0.000003885829,0.0001244205,5.860867e-7,0.0001145692,0.0006180548,0.0000701187,0.00003363698,0.0004675714,0.008548159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008977028,0.000213855,0.9914364,0.000003546392,0.00006868895,6.410031e-7,0.00009193705,0.005829616,0.00005175159,0.0007045325,0.001444473,0.00006482757],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859774,0.009770287,0.0001712889,0.002156543,0.00004164049,0.00005318194,0.00001815333,0.00001075405,0.001800732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972714,0.001327529,0.0005584599,0.0007719196,0.00001863149,3.240487e-7,0.00001919929,6.332794e-7,0.00003190886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01129397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2414229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002432061","doi":"10.3189/172756404781814825","title":"Validation of the energy budget of an alpine snowpack simulated by several snow models (Snow MIP project)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":302,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Snowpack; Snow; Albedo (alchemy); Energy budget; Environmental science; Shortwave radiation; Shortwave; Snowmelt; Longwave; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Geology; Radiation; Radiative transfer; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Pierre Etchevers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éric Martin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ross Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles Fierz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yves Lejeune","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éric Bazile","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aaron Boone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongjiu Dai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Essery","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alberto Fernández Matía","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yeugeniy M. Gusev","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel Jordan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victor Koren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eva Kowalczyk","is_ca":false},{"name":"О. Н. Насонова","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. D. Pyles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Schlosser","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. B. Shmakin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana G. Smirnova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Strasser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diana Verseghy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Yamazaki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zong‐Liang Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05017047812134848,"gpt":0.2761668559055576,"spread":0.2259963777842091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001729537,0.0001045238,0.0002676125,0.00002677628,0.00006983826,0.000003155987,0.0002126763,0.00009155535,0.0001305291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009421731,0.00007207415,0.00008209531,0.0002675103,0.0002082349,0.0001429315,0.00002051407,0.00005603523,0.000001297748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001828158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000702826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009623891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001331749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990584,0.0001036794,0.0003483971,0.000162734,0.0001357836,0.0001910633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991621,0.000141044,0.000249037,0.0002206071,0.0001955635,0.00003163562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002321032,0.0002018618,0.04573869,0.00003555638,0.0001658129,0.00000120157,0.00148044,0.9393024,0.001586779,0.002339305,0.004020032,0.004895847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003379877,0.004389764,0.6036255,0.000171134,0.0001392499,0.00001833703,0.001614167,0.1820259,0.1292368,0.06501108,0.00956864,0.0008195362],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972068,0.0004692571,0.000533307,0.0009656491,0.0001197039,0.0001168548,0.0002046618,0.000009524029,0.0003742111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986495,0.0002892497,0.000297199,0.0004186062,0.00003015858,7.734264e-7,0.0002249821,0.000002969949,0.00008650166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7572765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077020350","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595778","title":"Recommendations for the compilation of glacier inventory data from digital sources","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"European Space Agency","keywords":"Digital elevation model; Glacier; Geology; Terrain; Intersection (aeronautics); Physical geography; Remote sensing; Cartography; Geomorphology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"F. Paul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger G. Barry","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Holger Frey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wilfried Haeberli","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Ohmura","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Simon L. Ommanney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Raup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrés Rivera","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Zemp","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2447975363069361,"gpt":0.340204415388201,"spread":0.09540687908126483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001651089,0.00004957002,0.000124318,0.0000124613,0.0001048693,0.000008428215,0.0002653439,0.00003046899,0.0003524907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001532669,0.00003341142,0.00003860173,0.00007680259,0.00010895,0.0001503683,0.00001678429,0.00003349579,0.000006796376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.894369e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001550904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000340865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006096468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995044,0.00002182231,0.0002081654,0.000114033,0.0000524178,0.00009917621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988568,0.0006781528,0.000135651,0.000240852,0.00007016608,0.00001834571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001151845,0.00004662651,0.8200597,0.000004962035,0.0001087044,1.114243e-7,0.00061406,0.0007431408,0.00001789466,0.0007390878,0.06100016,0.1165504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009990186,0.0001622882,0.8363931,0.000004204585,0.00001285356,1.961515e-7,0.000440818,0.007560654,0.0000160768,0.005480097,0.14979,0.00003980792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9611378,0.0041327,0.00252612,0.02650673,0.0003322845,0.0002348277,0.004334122,0.0000143763,0.000781005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957067,0.0003664333,0.0004792681,0.0009357765,0.00009106404,5.931203e-7,0.002369124,8.959213e-7,0.00005014455],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1165106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3859526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167582092","doi":"10.3189/2012aog60a059","title":"Characteristics of ocean waters reaching Greenland's glaciers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":267,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Sight Research UK; Royal Society; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Oceanography; Greenland ice sheet; Fjord; Glacier morphology; Ice sheet; North Atlantic Deep Water; Iceberg; Arctic; Climatology; Thermohaline circulation; Antarctic sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Fiammetta Straneo","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Sutherland","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Holland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carl V. Gladish","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. S. Hamilton","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. L. Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Rignot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Koppes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06658699522100316,"gpt":0.2740478707749765,"spread":0.2074608755539734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003453589,0.00007671307,0.0002324178,0.00002480329,0.00006299618,0.000002238084,0.0001098639,0.00005302521,0.0002560455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009841641,0.00005827855,0.00006140004,0.00009378503,0.0001477921,0.00009556406,0.00001381898,0.00006465924,0.00001703097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.584182e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009846988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006671282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003982152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992604,0.00005501067,0.0002536469,0.00008411592,0.0000754775,0.0002713216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994486,0.0001553691,0.0001509812,0.0001199926,0.00005732662,0.00006773218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003036445,0.00001400695,0.9870481,0.0000144043,0.00003237133,4.98446e-7,0.000867783,0.00001851837,0.00003075899,0.0002046561,0.0008863348,0.0108522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006750976,0.0001090952,0.9876252,0.000005981794,0.00001054241,0.000002713442,0.0003525015,0.00007438998,0.00009705125,0.0001381084,0.01145172,0.0000651787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973152,0.0007198787,0.00005290319,0.0005481354,0.0003315796,0.00004584109,0.00006624041,0.00000905392,0.0009111722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998419,0.0006687043,0.0002852956,0.0003817308,0.0001103466,1.560581e-7,0.00007923497,0.000001889958,0.00005364174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01078702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2803518,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003727366","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817978","title":"Ice-sheet velocity mapping: a combined interferometric and speckle-tracking approach","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Interferometry; Geology; Speckle pattern; Synthetic aperture radar; Remote sensing; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Geodesy; Ice sheet; Tracking (education); Radar; Computer science; Computer vision; Optics; Physics; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Ian Joughin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1408458031718465,"gpt":0.2694671817723377,"spread":0.1286213786004912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002197693,0.000102531,0.0002600394,0.0000829009,0.0001167762,0.00001370651,0.000132056,0.0000695801,0.001039277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001699223,0.00008599651,0.00004761605,0.0004415336,0.0001823777,0.00008643347,0.00002708506,0.0001051749,0.00003086444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001061402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004360338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003568587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001048252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991772,0.0000549851,0.0002349862,0.0002046722,0.00008342675,0.0002447218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994037,0.0002361646,0.0001016361,0.0001266597,0.00006890671,0.00006291721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002842348,0.00006575061,0.9448049,0.00003841966,0.00008007419,0.000003730341,0.00102983,0.0001436588,0.00001481521,0.0004198179,0.005929485,0.04744108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001882802,0.0002699816,0.9810014,0.000006035141,0.00000636339,0.000008072956,0.0004901126,0.01029486,0.00001127208,0.00054405,0.007077619,0.0001019701],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878688,0.003893259,0.0003094533,0.001228179,0.0001421365,0.00009602767,0.00002056665,0.0000219891,0.006419587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967081,0.001294391,0.001188106,0.0005739828,0.00005605178,0.000001004399,0.00002337406,0.000002132039,0.0001528491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04733911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166419024","doi":"10.3189/172756411799096277","title":"Present and future states of Himalaya and Karakoram glaciers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Physical geography; Range (aeronautics); Geomorphology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06631991243111526,"gpt":0.2605748592968056,"spread":0.1942549468656903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001136743,0.00006200742,0.0001676261,0.0000173383,0.00004322018,0.000002116243,0.00005549949,0.00004450223,0.0003740963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001307241,0.00004626816,0.00002107248,0.0000622053,0.0002881574,0.00005254704,0.00001648944,0.00003843848,0.000001767786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":1.730413e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008355931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001314165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002726877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995337,0.00003005165,0.0001477118,0.0001114379,0.00004478365,0.0001323908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996552,0.00008890915,0.0000773337,0.00007731968,0.00005516452,0.00004608535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006664154,0.0000126784,0.9682357,0.00002532468,0.00004371115,0.000001496589,0.001690261,0.0000128165,0.00001168864,0.0006933523,0.001632388,0.02757394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009366122,0.0003154447,0.9725497,0.000002867612,0.000007850825,0.000002866503,0.001313369,0.0002487822,0.0001053265,0.001991249,0.0233194,0.00004944447],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989792,0.007285392,0.000008843574,0.001429163,0.00009441863,0.0000590774,0.00004415525,0.000005236059,0.001281695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924222,0.006720654,0.0005112474,0.0002262332,0.0000671024,5.065648e-7,0.00001456617,0.0000011659,0.00003637055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02752449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4096092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016162897","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817950","title":"Acceleration of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; European Space Agency; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Thinning; Ice stream; Glacier morphology; Satellite; Physical geography; Future sea level; Sea level rise; Geomorphology; Climatology; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Climate change; Sea ice; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Eric Rignot","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. Vaughan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marjorie Schmeltz","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. K. Dupont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas R. MacAyeal","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0803478557962488,"gpt":0.2645867885553637,"spread":0.1842389327591149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001017266,0.00006138833,0.0001714822,0.00002178167,0.00006587247,0.00000449217,0.00005856018,0.0000421061,0.00254694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008170471,0.00004827268,0.00002706866,0.0001042164,0.0001849133,0.0000791594,0.000009831404,0.00004075782,0.00001246149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.153456e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004704046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006601087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00174155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994946,0.00003051275,0.0001819607,0.0001083029,0.00005712279,0.0001275741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995525,0.0001803209,0.00008583246,0.0000829202,0.000067354,0.00003102251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002289054,0.00001992794,0.9812725,0.00001975022,0.00003415034,0.000001002695,0.0004707125,0.00008527814,0.0001624329,0.0003407056,0.004462536,0.01310811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001426465,0.0003153488,0.9863008,0.000005648082,0.000007981381,0.000004445021,0.0001762991,0.002177523,0.000177157,0.0005165193,0.01011877,0.00005681716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906719,0.004419571,0.00003396187,0.002828137,0.00007732043,0.00005693492,0.00005283641,0.000006188657,0.001853113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946967,0.004439304,0.0002893919,0.000411398,0.0000447123,4.015206e-7,0.0000270953,0.000001097153,0.00008989383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01305129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163259012","doi":"10.3189/2012aog60a139","title":"Numerical experiments on subaqueous melting of Greenland tidewater glaciers in response to ocean warming and enhanced subglacial discharge","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of California, Irvine; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Tidewater glacier cycle; Glacier; Tidewater; Geomorphology; Forcing (mathematics); Outflow; Glacier ice accumulation; Ice shelf; Ice stream; Oceanography; Climatology; Geophysics; Cryosphere; Ice calving; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"Y. Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Rignot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimitris Menemenlis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Koppes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05428783721277686,"gpt":0.3094727878927192,"spread":0.2551849506799423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005306583,0.0001049326,0.0002751283,0.00006247087,0.00006179054,0.000003417149,0.00008370323,0.00005721232,0.0001352056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002540243,0.0000832332,0.00003602571,0.0001503535,0.0000890253,0.00008517391,0.00002079009,0.00007074916,0.00001166111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002421632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001227452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000756232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002071865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989467,0.0001540534,0.0002861329,0.000161389,0.0001012064,0.0003504961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992998,0.0003737965,0.00008938841,0.0001015936,0.00003236157,0.0001030788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001195487,0.00003854407,0.9871613,0.000009026116,0.00001685857,0.000001814642,0.004495477,0.0001455998,0.00306635,0.0000284166,0.0001299193,0.003711212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002506242,0.0004446959,0.9877795,0.00001651289,0.000003276768,0.000001989212,0.0007611046,0.0001041016,0.009651639,0.00004653775,0.0008374194,0.0001026211],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984152,0.0004315838,0.00003547418,0.00064344,0.0001531312,0.0001164221,0.00001376934,0.000005939031,0.0001850526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991946,0.00005082684,0.0002145662,0.0004366798,0.0000533879,0.000001369256,0.000009505251,0.000003038055,0.00003602006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006585289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3394151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055493143","doi":"10.3189/172756405781813087","title":"Perspectives on the production of a glacier inventory from multispectral satellite data in Arctic Canada: Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Glacier; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Arctic; Geology; Moraine; Physical geography; Digital elevation model; Glacier morphology; Glacier mass balance; Satellite; Peninsula; Rock glacier; Remote sensing; Climatology; Oceanography; Geography; Geomorphology; Antarctic sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Frank Paul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Kääb","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06907467268883086,"gpt":0.2718153669090299,"spread":0.202740694220199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002822349,0.00008742326,0.0001940716,0.00002353515,0.00005803407,0.000003863161,0.0002387741,0.00003726909,0.0004802413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004303017,0.00005940792,0.00002511223,0.0001420144,0.0001674398,0.00008696255,0.00002235169,0.0001148159,0.000006051616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006964623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001054767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6142799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9760083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990944,0.0001102241,0.0002376948,0.0002513982,0.0001252606,0.0001810419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990837,0.0003704065,0.0001173335,0.0003392796,0.00006231653,0.00002693889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108275,0.00004861918,0.9882403,0.00000628364,0.00004926225,0.000001926652,0.002242482,0.0007318131,0.00003002717,0.00009827634,0.003857756,0.004584997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001311247,0.00006432988,0.9828575,0.00001670897,0.000007113363,0.000001257039,0.002487488,0.001472392,0.00006014434,0.0001308176,0.0127059,0.00006518884],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866428,0.005156009,0.00000119789,0.007472132,0.0001793932,0.000125683,0.0001637634,0.000003264092,0.000255717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976959,0.001536977,0.0001032777,0.0003033119,0.000163358,8.4704e-7,0.0001062645,0.000001888163,0.00008813928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3617284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5258306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024597910","doi":"10.3189/172756401781819472","title":"Evaluation of the shear frame test for weak snowpack layers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Snowpack; Geology; Snow; Frame (networking); Shear (geology); Geotechnical engineering; Shear strength (soil); Structural engineering; Soil science; Engineering; Geomorphology; Soil water; Petrology","authors":[{"name":"Bruce Jamieson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Colin D. Johnston","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1460661935362881,"gpt":0.3357332196757056,"spread":0.1896670261394175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007578486,0.00005119232,0.0001285907,0.00001156194,0.00008103672,0.000002201266,0.0001234154,0.00004984644,0.0007417485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008665529,0.00003328364,0.00007220442,0.0001381463,0.0001327052,0.00003550949,0.000008292406,0.00003810425,0.000009709247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000110384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004842199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005335164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001390092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993627,0.00006960914,0.0001737817,0.00009397587,0.0001611448,0.0001387885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989204,0.000484404,0.0001094412,0.0001378942,0.0003284953,0.00001936948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000266042,0.00002485964,0.9601843,0.000007488714,0.00004061517,5.539265e-8,0.0001821065,0.004252492,0.00007478238,0.0003142701,0.008634149,0.02625826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001712336,0.000208368,0.9531207,0.000005675152,0.00003012369,0.000001105119,0.000303571,0.008009973,0.00009509891,0.004472525,0.03354158,0.00004004033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893965,0.001263883,0.00008470066,0.004988552,0.0002436059,0.0002371293,0.0000704858,0.000005001596,0.003710137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988199,0.0002885585,0.0002014776,0.0004915113,0.00006049155,0.000003061471,0.0000156406,0.000001286639,0.0001180956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02621822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8121626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774713322","doi":"10.1017/aog.2017.28","title":"Glacier inventory and recent glacier variations in the Andes of Chile, South America","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne","keywords":"Glacier; Rock glacier; Geology; Physical geography; Glacier mass balance; Glacier morphology; Debris; Cirque glacier; Climate change; Tidewater glacier cycle; Geomorphology; Climatology; Geography; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Ice stream; Ice calving","authors":[{"name":"Gonzalo Barcaza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel U. Nussbaumer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guillermo Tapia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Javier Valdés","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan‐Luis García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yohan Videla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Á. Llancaqueo Albornoz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Víctor Arias","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09426133939639965,"gpt":0.304396825727316,"spread":0.2101354863309164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003314736,0.0000697639,0.0001880677,0.00002614816,0.0002140777,0.00001291718,0.0002315532,0.00004420347,0.0003102293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002987386,0.000046078,0.00003514892,0.00008835622,0.0004543682,0.00008284484,0.00002615016,0.00007391498,0.000005186227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.965183e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002608844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001437502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001309675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993331,0.00008753263,0.0002094734,0.0001283481,0.0000837214,0.000157837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992623,0.0001625218,0.0002191853,0.0002653291,0.00006505749,0.00002563276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002306863,0.00001934786,0.9820378,0.000006832057,0.00002240124,8.974473e-7,0.002286153,0.00003830971,0.000007018697,0.0005392361,0.0006158927,0.01440304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001388027,0.0001165895,0.9802148,0.000005690217,0.000007848739,0.000001327968,0.0008647416,0.0003463333,0.000007047772,0.001611204,0.01663546,0.00005019514],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894738,0.001342576,0.00004082073,0.005749192,0.0001296467,0.0001110615,0.00005433235,0.000003435046,0.003095123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965048,0.002297813,0.0001673975,0.0009332878,0.00004083679,0.000001895627,0.0000180092,0.00000120118,0.00003475175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01601957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3396794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003428173","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817743","title":"Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers: the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter contained in the cryoconite","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Glacier; Albedo (alchemy); Organic matter; Geology; Arctic; Mineralogy; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Nozomu Takeuchi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0809850280353577,"gpt":0.2663469917904828,"spread":0.1853619637551251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007991625,0.0001056985,0.0003124418,0.00002050376,0.0001353516,0.00001055361,0.0002645515,0.00007847993,0.0004742255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004629499,0.00004187991,0.00005626821,0.0002304888,0.0006497393,0.0000520942,0.0000222032,0.0002054406,0.00002584847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001243117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001329281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002453264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001943641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987901,0.0003112454,0.0004522798,0.0001320345,0.0001292637,0.0001850158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961531,0.003263112,0.0002201808,0.0002509067,0.00008983454,0.00002293629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008297458,0.00002098247,0.9949352,0.0000176832,0.00003158171,8.429147e-7,0.002109295,0.00001809978,0.00001627346,0.00147498,0.0007112481,0.0005808603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003621489,0.0002183861,0.9955066,0.00001979749,0.00002581891,0.000002600065,0.0007561155,0.0002155255,0.0000204502,0.001060562,0.001755707,0.00005625369],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658469,0.0007582117,0.00001123379,0.03156631,0.00004718656,0.0003243432,0.00003487922,0.000003260396,0.001407653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979144,0.0002956868,0.00002888565,0.001525261,0.00004235852,0.0000026793,0.00001123182,0.000002752875,0.0001767971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03206742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5192437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012360214","doi":"10.1017/aog.2020.11","title":"Five decades of radioglaciology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Glaciology; Geology; Depth sounding; Geophysics; Remote sensing; Context (archaeology); Radar; Mars Exploration Program; Cryosphere; Astrobiology; Aerospace engineering; Sea ice; Stratigraphy; Seismology; Climatology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Dustin M. Schroeder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert G. Bingham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald D. Blankenship","is_ca":false},{"name":"Knut Christianson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olaf Eisen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwenn E. Flowers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nanna B. Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle Koutnik","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Paden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martín J. Siegert","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09319316137584067,"gpt":0.2901821181835635,"spread":0.1969889568077228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001069617,0.00007035155,0.0002840722,0.00001676507,0.0000363836,0.000001166274,0.0001561315,0.0000682802,0.001174611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002403428,0.00005657422,0.00007372955,0.0001577807,0.0002592417,0.00003820564,0.00001518395,0.00006428428,0.00003723485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":2.532689e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002209587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004558182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001697775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993219,0.00006389559,0.0002523019,0.0001386486,0.00005569826,0.0001675795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993414,0.0003007653,0.000128172,0.00008781851,0.00008074142,0.00006106751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001256529,0.00001197278,0.9749005,0.00002704541,0.00008586206,0.000003415048,0.001251336,0.001187263,0.0001846111,0.001900886,0.009781953,0.01053953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001644119,0.0006658154,0.9638267,0.000003621117,0.000009984617,0.000002395995,0.0005847903,0.001091558,0.000541378,0.001485569,0.03154698,0.00007680718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986742,0.003218862,0.0001351148,0.007865498,0.0001112843,0.00006331826,0.00007146697,0.00001213394,0.00178035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958947,0.0008476851,0.0006011344,0.002517636,0.00007910212,4.543713e-7,0.00003037763,0.000001364419,0.00002754031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02176503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002529950","doi":"10.3189/172756403781816301","title":"The distribution and flow characteristics of surge-type glaciers in the Canadian High Arctic","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Surge; Glacier; Geology; Glacier terminus; Moraine; Arctic; Ice field; Glacier morphology; Rock glacier; Glacier mass balance; Physical geography; Tidewater glacier cycle; Glacier ice accumulation; Climatology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Ice stream; Geography; Cryosphere; Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Antarctic sea ice; Ice calving","authors":[{"name":"Luke Copland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julian A. Dowdeswell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03800535085137019,"gpt":0.2469720564040192,"spread":0.208966705552649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005263155,0.00004592918,0.0001097766,0.00001026375,0.0001741023,0.00000725208,0.00007932424,0.00003801054,0.00009570351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004728007,0.00002638207,0.00001754296,0.0001574738,0.0002274784,0.00002177663,0.000002717473,0.00006330651,0.000002328283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001969349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006708243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1299566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5073621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994354,0.0001183157,0.000155223,0.00006664205,0.00005351409,0.0001709035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992999,0.0004347727,0.00006112874,0.00009490081,0.00007726085,0.00003201934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001382513,0.00000375917,0.9915945,0.000004895648,0.00001071275,0.000001475199,0.0002055046,0.000047357,7.029678e-7,0.003231191,0.0008943413,0.003991741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004133308,0.00007014306,0.9527177,0.000002689173,0.000003805619,0.000002600219,0.0002983904,0.0001916714,0.000003075072,0.001412485,0.04522725,0.00002889741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955508,0.0009139162,0.000004774613,0.002949821,0.0002436234,0.0000631081,0.0001342138,0.000001008182,0.0001387084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998342,0.001122414,0.00001971296,0.0003583732,0.00001327113,5.368532e-7,0.0001281803,6.263102e-7,0.00001489925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3774055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8758371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079800710","doi":"10.3189/172756411795931589","title":"Ku-band radar penetration into snow cover on Arctic sea ice using airborne data","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; European Space Agency","keywords":"Snow; Sea ice; Snow field; Geology; Arctic ice pack; Arctic; Sea ice concentration; Sea ice thickness; Radar; Cryosphere; Snow line; Climatology; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Snow cover; Oceanography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Rosemary Willatt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seymour W. Laxon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katharine Giles","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Cullen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Haas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Veit Helm","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1363659135595013,"gpt":0.3035808657322882,"spread":0.1672149521727869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004828057,0.0001362485,0.0002260496,0.00007457598,0.0001217294,0.000007888752,0.0003898159,0.0001163781,0.001515744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000193067,0.0001138954,0.00004110598,0.0001094183,0.0002513383,0.0003017349,0.00003041829,0.0001580401,0.0001624826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003004112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008521672,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006354851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009720208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988384,0.000143284,0.0002656739,0.0003184622,0.0001479495,0.0002862575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989756,0.0002441015,0.0001610906,0.0004511008,0.00008081632,0.0000872569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008645965,0.0001548385,0.968383,0.0001314398,0.0001652832,0.00004539523,0.001817996,0.0008797442,0.0002135999,0.001553442,0.001215326,0.02457538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005144271,0.00137013,0.9523892,0.00009783747,0.00007620798,0.00006825811,0.0004457235,0.0297768,0.001079795,0.01078798,0.00298699,0.0004066237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993344,0.0001880432,0.001248183,0.0005248879,0.000321314,0.0001109897,0.0000974999,0.00001677302,0.004148326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958128,0.0002271017,0.001955342,0.001395501,0.000108828,2.057747e-7,0.0004400382,0.000004440945,0.0000557176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02889706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982115464","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817581","title":"Iceberg calving from the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Iceberg; Rift; Ice calving; Front (military); Ice shelf; Ice stream; Glacier; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Ice sheet; Sea ice; Cryosphere; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"H. A. Fricker","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. W. Young","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Allison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Coleman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0969296604363041,"gpt":0.2628216800373429,"spread":0.1658920196010387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001402258,0.00008544519,0.0001711981,0.000009454703,0.0001869547,0.00001020369,0.0002101049,0.00004892784,0.007185988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001943419,0.00005525667,0.00006755952,0.0001405079,0.0002258725,0.00007323762,0.00002174125,0.0001071696,0.0002471542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.200483e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006992848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009156374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004424784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992316,0.0000814521,0.0001917783,0.00016358,0.00009276202,0.0002388757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988483,0.0007617727,0.00008235912,0.0001985753,0.00006369829,0.00004529889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002059141,0.00002056735,0.9208027,0.000003459077,0.00008390536,0.000005220826,0.00148998,0.0002336089,0.0000232361,0.0001733578,0.04833166,0.02881168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007350258,0.00007557335,0.8964188,0.000006001684,0.00001210377,0.000002623888,0.0008420633,0.002050732,0.00000914755,0.0006800248,0.09975737,0.00007206369],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680355,0.006748885,0.0000308472,0.02041578,0.0003324762,0.00006363107,0.0001038568,0.00001797304,0.00425102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925246,0.001720069,0.0002173538,0.005063113,0.000223832,8.642964e-7,0.00003145805,0.000002022192,0.0002167075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0514257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119026648","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817419","title":"Mass balance of East Antarctic glaciers and ice shelves from satellite data","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; European Space Agency; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Ice shelf; Ice stream; Antarctic ice sheet; Hydrostatic equilibrium; Outflow; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Geodesy; Flux (metallurgy); Glacier ice accumulation; Satellite; Snow; Ice sheet; Geomorphology; Cryosphere; Synthetic aperture radar; Remote sensing; Climatology; Oceanography; Sea ice; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Eric Rignot","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1342608471685992,"gpt":0.2759397922145631,"spread":0.1416789450459639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001463053,0.00008293634,0.0002384258,0.00001678727,0.00005683542,0.000005416758,0.0002474697,0.00004982051,0.001142547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001033679,0.0000687005,0.00002482639,0.0001155457,0.0002942089,0.0001335509,0.00003536613,0.00005899871,0.00002200057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.026462e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006467681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001792623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009094366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992416,0.00005188637,0.0002224086,0.0002238515,0.00008046596,0.0001798095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991854,0.0002917158,0.0001152778,0.0003103807,0.00004686568,0.00005035863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002780787,0.00001145951,0.9822177,0.00001639879,0.00005821629,0.000002224173,0.0004933142,0.00002580893,0.0001275817,0.0000604427,0.001653433,0.01530567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001502688,0.0001183881,0.9650221,0.00001243304,0.00001650291,0.000002001579,0.0005483672,0.00668705,0.00004192479,0.001236732,0.02607912,0.00008510978],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742063,0.0212117,0.00004863817,0.002493381,0.0001490942,0.00005788212,0.0005926799,0.000008675312,0.001231606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840462,0.01384411,0.001260504,0.0005572874,0.00005411229,2.506885e-7,0.0001687984,0.000001723668,0.00006701963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02442569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027595007","doi":"10.3189/172756409789624229","title":"Glacier velocities across the central Karakoram","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Surge; Glacier morphology; Glacier mass balance; Geodesy; Physical geography; Climatology; Geomorphology; Remote sensing; Cryosphere; Antarctic sea ice; Sea ice; Geography; Digital elevation model","authors":[{"name":"Luke Copland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sierra Pope","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael P. Bishop","is_ca":false},{"name":"John F. Shroder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Penelope Clendon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew B. G. Bush","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ulrich Kamp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yeong Bae Seong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lewis A. Owen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05994259304371319,"gpt":0.3047065689937973,"spread":0.2447639759500841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001854032,0.00007779431,0.0001494602,0.000006458754,0.0002204996,0.0000125502,0.0001887875,0.00004933331,0.000526309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007058764,0.00004745024,0.00006893826,0.0001228731,0.0002535108,0.00006223773,0.000009032573,0.00007554131,0.00003910053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.730022e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001847506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006445548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008296976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992245,0.00004457179,0.0001699673,0.0001141601,0.00008278502,0.0003639994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995261,0.0001623886,0.00006648701,0.0001446793,0.00006047174,0.00003991698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001019827,0.00003261582,0.8232414,0.000006577827,0.00006559312,0.000006065944,0.004372509,0.001226199,0.00002514033,0.005073021,0.02147896,0.14437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006673449,0.0001694987,0.924534,0.000002067254,0.000003069806,0.000003114993,0.0009804006,0.0002348413,0.00003598087,0.003175383,0.07073793,0.00005703109],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830801,0.002310885,0.00005403235,0.01183107,0.0002700409,0.00006902572,0.00005340182,0.00001699707,0.002314389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939023,0.0005777423,0.00008234793,0.005007909,0.0001325746,4.288878e-7,0.00002473226,9.064283e-7,0.0002710189],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1443129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5762714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037326530","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595796","title":"Changes in Clemenceau Icefield and Chaba Group glaciers, Canada, related to hypsometry, tributary detachment, length–slope and area–aspect relations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Digital elevation model; Ice field; Glacier mass balance; Tributary; Physical geography; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Geomorphology; Geography; Cartography; Remote sensing","authors":[{"name":"Hester Jiskoot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Colleen J. Curran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dez Tessler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leslee R. Shenton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03269731875972845,"gpt":0.2603334450208361,"spread":0.2276361262611077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002726576,0.0001197366,0.0002635546,0.00008439274,0.0001401663,0.000008093163,0.0000897225,0.00007991341,0.0002840813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001489196,0.0001066417,0.0000192495,0.0003791544,0.0000752648,0.0000790149,0.00001974308,0.0001269597,0.000002628005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005350912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004172822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1132144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8077734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990335,0.00005692351,0.0002577722,0.0002494907,0.00009649171,0.0003058962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937,0.0002850369,0.00007954334,0.0001156508,0.000039942,0.0001098027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005086049,0.00001522698,0.9683425,0.000005016355,0.00002858718,0.00001128481,0.0004058046,0.00009663961,0.00002981235,0.000557765,0.003019839,0.02743663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002148923,0.0006256602,0.9858604,0.00001268878,0.00000889846,0.000007577924,0.0006791409,0.0003348235,0.00001737202,0.001266582,0.01085233,0.0001196074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9664115,0.004080823,0.00001339692,0.02791167,0.0001141686,0.0001824344,0.00009254446,0.00001096698,0.001182477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944954,0.002360426,0.0002278135,0.002692373,0.00002183871,0.000001939598,0.00006784959,0.000001695376,0.0001306812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.694559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8926908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060035819","doi":"10.3189/172756405781813122","title":"Mass balance of glaciers in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Arctic; Ice caps; Glacier morphology; Arctic ice pack; Oceanography; Antarctic sea ice; Climatology; Physical geography; Ice core; Geography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Roy M. Koerner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02844834784551561,"gpt":0.2513790854719312,"spread":0.2229307376264156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002718218,0.00006751875,0.0001850796,0.00001487151,0.00004265018,0.000002226002,0.0002199926,0.0000379468,0.0003391721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007077336,0.00004446605,0.00003191658,0.0001773295,0.0001048252,0.00004026411,0.000006118924,0.00007716327,0.000004149371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002079739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001056807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3793291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8037577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992644,0.00007716926,0.0002313872,0.0001038707,0.0001154461,0.0002077961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999404,0.0002883602,0.00009586413,0.0001404643,0.00004777111,0.00002350741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018807,0.000007639782,0.9777393,0.000006881809,0.00001411048,0.000002254321,0.0004401112,0.001823094,0.000006467104,0.0002714751,0.01719704,0.002472842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001164056,0.00006184525,0.9167398,0.00000509094,0.000003184741,0.000001248984,0.0008394656,0.001233132,0.00003686054,0.000486709,0.08042215,0.0000540989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819784,0.002382969,0.00002618687,0.01028592,0.0001209701,0.00008268571,0.00009660197,0.000003363711,0.005022941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996128,0.0008208893,0.0002011182,0.002675773,0.00005766932,9.182284e-7,0.00002883312,0.00000105429,0.00008574623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4244285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.624804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116492470","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595859","title":"A more complete version of the World Glacier Inventory","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Trent University","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Physical geography; Paleontology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0698050966126263,"gpt":0.2865658355964146,"spread":0.2167607389837883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001177613,0.0000548242,0.0001458169,0.00002031326,0.00007635852,0.000001522102,0.000168695,0.00002781306,0.0006137199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004429504,0.0000350268,0.00007911053,0.0002088329,0.0001906937,0.00003385521,0.00001297726,0.00005671248,0.00001500868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.786017e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001615333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003271242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009132967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994845,0.00004482624,0.000162164,0.0000870397,0.00008784528,0.0001336627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995744,0.00008633114,0.0001039421,0.0001505619,0.00005934937,0.00002537008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005698488,0.00002767504,0.9682534,0.000007643083,0.00002450498,7.780054e-7,0.0003226192,0.0004727886,0.0001475363,0.0009122292,0.02367205,0.006101834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000103629,0.0001126109,0.9309092,0.000008151301,0.000005276597,6.978335e-7,0.0001210452,0.0004011465,0.0001021948,0.001202291,0.06699738,0.00003644632],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876899,0.000973616,0.000006158407,0.007353523,0.0001819392,0.00006452591,0.00003705011,0.000005711314,0.003687636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965221,0.00009789116,0.00008318647,0.002879921,0.00003406715,1.564833e-7,0.000014899,6.485453e-7,0.0003671301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04332532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6719802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083728040","doi":"10.3189/172756401781818266","title":"Snow-ice accretion and snow-cover depletion on Antarctic first-year sea-ice floes","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sea ice; Geology; Antarctic sea ice; Pancake ice; Ice divide; Cryosphere; Arctic ice pack; Snow; Snow field; Fast ice; Ice stream; Ice core; Sea ice thickness; Oceanography; Climatology; Snow cover; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Martin O. Jeffries","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Roy Krouse","is_ca":true},{"name":"Barbara Hurst-Cushing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ted Maksym","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04880079997948767,"gpt":0.2709914929225237,"spread":0.222190692943036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002178377,0.0001131529,0.0001948519,0.00003622633,0.000192623,0.00001288927,0.00009321344,0.00009041668,0.001498011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002135816,0.00009378294,0.00004717336,0.0001635756,0.0001339421,0.0001294803,0.00001582855,0.00009636636,0.0001519551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000243414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001496513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001813763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002917406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991514,0.00006633133,0.0001951333,0.0002295195,0.0001116695,0.0002459158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990915,0.0005308844,0.00009185531,0.0001431631,0.00008157054,0.00006102486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001843414,0.00002148857,0.9873441,0.00001249739,0.00003202229,0.000004771819,0.0002151829,0.0007182298,0.00001057357,0.0002690775,0.004960311,0.006227391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002014661,0.0004018528,0.948091,0.00002217343,0.00001246442,0.00000961216,0.0002259751,0.001153605,0.00003263849,0.0007841608,0.04896127,0.000103807],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918115,0.000796421,0.0001164486,0.004893699,0.0002369752,0.0001073836,0.00004113928,0.00002232444,0.001974161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924622,0.005385494,0.0001879385,0.001562921,0.000142814,0.00000164603,0.0001091974,0.000003167761,0.0001445919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04400096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2330484996","doi":"10.3189/2012aog60a136","title":"Spreading of warm ocean waters around Greenland as a possible cause for glacier acceleration","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Ocean gyre; Oceanography; Fjord; Glacier; Climatology; Bay; Sill; Thermohaline circulation; Ocean current; Continental shelf; Greenland ice sheet; Ice sheet; Subtropics; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Eric Rignot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Fenty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimitris Menemenlis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y. Xu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1189265034417602,"gpt":0.3245633864677157,"spread":0.2056368830259555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029982,0.00008406912,0.0002079069,0.00003155847,0.0001007272,0.000006466005,0.00009189779,0.00006326751,0.0001911419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009205074,0.00006486686,0.00006708962,0.000106241,0.00009725132,0.000194679,0.00001052969,0.00003865727,0.00001417071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001299519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001959462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009579633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002291405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992613,0.00003198023,0.0002388743,0.0001104419,0.00007066812,0.0002867849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993742,0.0002313131,0.0001244,0.0001083113,0.00009999082,0.00006184592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009024835,0.00002145557,0.9938112,0.00002477545,0.00006401959,2.970617e-7,0.0008669572,0.0002695568,0.0001065058,0.0004118652,0.001418281,0.002914821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002599208,0.0003845184,0.986527,0.000009309619,0.00002794402,0.000005324668,0.0006879165,0.0007259215,0.001739018,0.001265459,0.008261867,0.0001058338],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971488,0.0009592567,0.0001973324,0.0006483426,0.0002729342,0.000154782,0.00005871368,0.000008489596,0.0005514236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984005,0.0003106709,0.0004630602,0.0003778973,0.0001461864,0.000001373281,0.00009907728,0.000002612017,0.0001986148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007284251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2645194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017700157","doi":"10.3189/172756404781814348","title":"The changes in isotope composition and accumulation of snow at Vostok station, East Antarctica, over the past 200 years","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"Snow; Teleconnection; Geology; Climatology; Pacific decadal oscillation; Period (music); Physical geography; Oceanography; Sea surface temperature; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Geomorphology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"A. A. Ekaykin","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Lipenkov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irina Kuzmina","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. R. Petit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valérie Masson‐Delmotte","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. J. Johnsen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.075880840764773,"gpt":0.3066513963987377,"spread":0.2307705556339647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001856438,0.00004451746,0.00008969955,0.00001509159,0.00011609,0.000005218437,0.0000615815,0.00002848958,0.00007730444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004029759,0.00002738107,0.00001408071,0.0001240636,0.000199957,0.00004496973,0.0000138117,0.00003846405,0.000003858305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002150243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001046158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002750425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02130087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995623,0.00005203136,0.0001355219,0.00007719035,0.00006524373,0.0001077653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994476,0.0003111768,0.00008964519,0.00007833134,0.00005900947,0.00001428029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006631211,0.000009117538,0.9902236,0.000004455736,0.00001356345,5.213629e-7,0.0008373825,0.002122527,0.00006730307,0.000525981,0.0003674742,0.005761691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001604867,0.0001170345,0.9959655,0.000008068036,0.000004089805,0.000002042227,0.0004424912,0.0003647007,0.00002672558,0.001125014,0.001753114,0.00003070868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926409,0.0007156572,0.00002468915,0.006315582,0.00005771444,0.0001096076,0.00004391248,0.000002485879,0.00008945729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985582,0.0008254218,0.0000669446,0.0004592124,0.000030214,0.000001354153,0.00004501276,0.000001030199,0.00001259091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01855045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965578,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034672713","doi":"10.3189/172756407782871710","title":"Recent changes in glacier area and volume within the southern Canadian Cordillera","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Glacier morphology; Physical geography; Glacier ice accumulation; Climatology; Geomorphology; Cryosphere; Geography; Ice stream; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"C. M. DeBeer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06170073786327586,"gpt":0.2593425078328522,"spread":0.1976417699695764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005259164,0.00006714921,0.0001315229,0.00003760751,0.0001076453,0.000005808956,0.00009343847,0.00005523666,0.001053154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009905425,0.00004381624,0.0000144808,0.0001658423,0.0001727999,0.0000206643,0.000008572866,0.00008394055,0.00001956334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001999035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004063443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1340556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9496728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993833,0.00003696379,0.0001483185,0.0001176474,0.00005614139,0.0002576643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995688,0.0001418296,0.00005844393,0.00009842495,0.00005422564,0.00007827682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002245387,0.000003926966,0.9703668,0.000002019948,0.00001312519,0.000005339912,0.001623013,0.00007665744,0.000003367232,0.00006367998,0.0009459198,0.02687373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006554404,0.00008771043,0.928363,0.000004111119,0.000002660262,0.00000325608,0.002839631,0.000449631,0.000007598157,0.0002677925,0.06785481,0.00005425513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9812268,0.003185799,0.000003846425,0.01354489,0.0001536666,0.00009142987,0.00004480342,0.000004406467,0.001744369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954178,0.001314493,0.0000435511,0.002942806,0.00004839841,7.249942e-7,0.00001864666,0.000001539533,0.0002119879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8156173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977304079","doi":"10.3189/172756407782871431","title":"River-ice break-up/freeze-up: a review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Climatology; Teleconnection; Flood myth; Climate change; Lead (geology); Environmental science; Physical geography; Geology; Geography; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Terry D. Prowse","is_ca":true},{"name":"Barrie Bonsal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Claude Duguay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin P. Lacroix","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06780437908439904,"gpt":0.3313070007224326,"spread":0.2635026216380336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007239543,0.0003445948,0.002008536,0.0003103407,0.0000995295,0.000003560174,0.000351762,0.0004605348,0.0009585783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001147562,0.0002579256,0.0004725152,0.0004660297,0.000466895,0.00009878095,0.0000431144,0.0004545096,0.00002663329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001582433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001684579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004543013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001123542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976645,0.0003205593,0.001004541,0.0003813342,0.0002378972,0.0003911288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978953,0.0005990755,0.0008337575,0.0003563242,0.0001440827,0.0001714474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001361289,0.00002097,0.001081422,0.03267694,0.0001680626,0.00000968022,0.0001418624,3.24261e-7,7.540651e-9,0.0002206142,0.009727773,0.9559388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001045583,0.0003287055,0.001829462,0.008827705,0.0006807818,0.0002039924,0.00003920676,0.00002946121,1.702507e-8,0.0001137068,0.9876269,0.0002155269],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002929509,0.9949555,0.00005905353,0.0007605281,0.001086582,0.0002125844,0.0004886884,0.00001933319,0.002388459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007635121,0.9971983,0.000314496,0.0004408291,0.000357594,0.000002181274,0.0007999309,0.000008553905,0.0008017136],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9778991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015267104","doi":"10.3189/172756400781820183","title":"Modelling seasonal and spatial variations in the surface energy balance of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Snowpack; Albedo (alchemy); Energy balance; Atmospheric sciences; Snow; Environmental science; Glacier; Climatology; Geology; Shortwave; Surface roughness; Roughness length; Meteorology; Wind speed; Geomorphology; Radiative transfer; Geography; Wind profile power law; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Ben Brock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Willis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Neil Arnold","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03717616445115608,"gpt":0.2437995731931228,"spread":0.2066234087419668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002483711,0.0000680128,0.0001729657,0.00001240961,0.00007225075,0.0000052197,0.000107734,0.00004934653,0.0006123201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001824746,0.00004746285,0.00003129603,0.0001414887,0.0001187125,0.00005016214,0.000005561134,0.0000543311,0.00000297367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.750628e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002338795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0142613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005393345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999338,0.00008814513,0.0002041737,0.000123069,0.00008994857,0.0001566656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994407,0.0003283391,0.00006456671,0.0001015959,0.00004182233,0.00002292302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007382278,0.00002319751,0.7620072,0.00000631034,0.00002272162,0.000001547965,0.0006599611,0.2248989,0.00000856273,0.000929574,0.000373442,0.01099476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001534554,0.00009094172,0.6707816,0.000005098302,0.000005402774,0.000002654371,0.00008605888,0.3190894,0.000007564256,0.002155321,0.007571417,0.00005112213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932916,0.002084142,0.001553194,0.001660109,0.00005281367,0.00004764994,0.00006163105,0.00000341728,0.001245481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971775,0.001849913,0.0003469596,0.0004492867,0.00004547442,6.868579e-7,0.00003016954,0.000001194999,0.00009882478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09419051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9923028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034950070","doi":"10.3189/172756407782871666","title":"Recent air-temperature changes in the Arctic","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arctic; Climatology; Period (music); The arctic; Surface air temperature; Environmental science; Physical geography; Climate change; Geography; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Rajmund Przybylak","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09155893668622114,"gpt":0.3155227214840268,"spread":0.2239637847978057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009668547,0.00007654791,0.0001376621,0.00007967778,0.00004129422,0.000004890288,0.0001832964,0.00009934405,0.002369503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000597644,0.00004693992,0.00002850394,0.0001935151,0.00009668833,0.0000364964,0.000006333647,0.0001472412,0.00006666077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.011435e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009972682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00102731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1092955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992457,0.0001025474,0.0001442884,0.0001231649,0.00009013989,0.0002941343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993914,0.0003338894,0.00005122485,0.000140961,0.00004619428,0.0000362974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001453562,0.00003100363,0.9610179,0.00002490013,0.000009408654,0.00005488637,0.002610122,0.0000206919,0.0007198335,0.000156319,0.004401077,0.03080847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000938388,0.0002215094,0.9162904,0.00001124629,0.000002344264,0.00002825248,0.0008877465,0.000008784561,0.0006842914,0.0005503148,0.08115562,0.00006566101],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756721,0.003643643,2.8311e-7,0.01710309,0.0002194386,0.00008987803,0.0001350363,0.000005382685,0.003131146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832974,0.005788236,0.000005553652,0.01029698,0.0001781469,5.92108e-7,0.0003960652,0.000001404993,0.00003560899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1082682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092893227","doi":"10.3189/172756411795931912","title":"Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from glacial environments using total fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Antarctica New Zealand; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Glacier; Meltwater; Organic matter; Colored dissolved organic matter; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Total organic carbon; Environmental science; Oceanography; Ecology; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Nutrient; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ashley Dubnick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joel Barker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jemma L. Wadham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grzegorz Lis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jon Telling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sean J. Fitzsimons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miriam Jackson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01782558490465141,"gpt":0.2364012836483126,"spread":0.2185756987436612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007836115,0.0001049945,0.0003186494,0.0000846903,0.0000378989,0.0000096915,0.0001028731,0.00009472784,0.005782976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001479152,0.00008943414,0.00006232812,0.0001147621,0.0001133347,0.000124234,0.00002676254,0.00009044755,0.0000265487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.507369e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001298759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002095281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001915785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991829,0.00006144349,0.0002770457,0.0002077135,0.00009700187,0.0001739211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995061,0.000047272,0.000209354,0.0001573124,0.00001597107,0.00006396434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000458184,0.000009750729,0.5734367,0.000004234973,0.00006407839,7.532909e-7,0.00006493989,0.000007539712,0.4260345,0.000002425611,0.000001560056,0.0003277569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001122545,0.00007666062,0.9659237,0.000003146243,0.00004722656,0.000002040779,0.00001686065,0.003342594,0.03025555,0.00008237948,0.00005190868,0.00008565424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985331,0.00002179338,0.0007794225,0.00008033456,0.0001345929,0.00007492867,0.0002866098,0.000003223927,0.00008602768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991353,0.00004909615,0.0003014428,0.00005854655,0.00007092477,3.080667e-7,0.0003501164,0.000002566869,0.00003168498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3957789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292031377","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a040","title":"Glacier shrinkage across High Mountain Asia","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Physical geography; Shrinkage; Climatology; Climate change; Glacier mass balance; Geomorphology; Geography; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"J. Graham Cogley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0970706061197713,"gpt":0.3201597183942058,"spread":0.2230891122744345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004096978,0.00009834347,0.0002244545,0.00001449899,0.00009297782,0.00001004355,0.0001836449,0.00008079102,0.0006916321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001611115,0.00007852814,0.00005349766,0.0001665512,0.0002042261,0.00009818397,0.00002788222,0.00008201462,0.0002134793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001596684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003652517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003922564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002525744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990822,0.00006239495,0.0002194679,0.0001753747,0.0001218862,0.0003386725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993468,0.0001283479,0.00008789976,0.0001831546,0.0001422895,0.0001115036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006910048,0.00002059992,0.9634821,0.000006365446,0.00004340312,0.000009948043,0.0008869542,0.000894448,0.00001186987,0.001755791,0.01806486,0.01475455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002109775,0.0003130997,0.9017175,0.000002648213,0.000003999107,0.000005270817,0.00136623,0.0003091315,0.0000668467,0.003850996,0.09205675,0.00009651149],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918951,0.001356936,0.00008786727,0.002494588,0.0003400693,0.00007185397,0.0000994554,0.00002429281,0.003629878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975284,0.0001784911,0.0003867318,0.00114397,0.0001326076,0.000001212363,0.00007770174,0.000002365698,0.0005484852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07399189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7572887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056366749","doi":"10.3189/172756407782871206","title":"Glaciological conditions in seven contrasting regions estimated with the degree-day model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; European Commission; University of Manchester","keywords":"Glacier; Precipitation; Glacier mass balance; Climatology; Longitude; Climate change; Latitude; Altitude (triangle); Geology; Arctic; Physical geography; Degree (music); Last Glacial Maximum; Glacial period; Geography; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Meteorology; Geodesy","authors":[{"name":"Roger J. Braithwaite","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. C. B. Raper","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1871363099946555,"gpt":0.3213503512577696,"spread":0.1342140412631141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007020914,0.0001006901,0.0002116526,0.00003279716,0.000192737,0.000005214158,0.0001549658,0.00008028422,0.0001622267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002184467,0.00005757547,0.00004042199,0.0002569926,0.0004334004,0.00005882299,0.0000125713,0.0001580423,0.00001150685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001741725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003646786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000549469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01085151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990816,0.00008048207,0.0002464564,0.0001642621,0.00008072523,0.0003465505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984313,0.00118353,0.0001090354,0.0001310178,0.00009334971,0.00005172846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001295361,0.00003796676,0.9262334,0.000004931387,0.00005108441,0.00002516929,0.0008189137,0.06091495,0.00005272046,0.005482695,0.002501009,0.003747675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001872721,0.0001668496,0.959519,0.00001178141,0.000008809043,0.00001182923,0.0007928956,0.03584586,0.00001295483,0.002777124,0.0005822939,0.00008326946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984021,0.0004997408,0.00707313,0.005410989,0.00004409581,0.0001497776,0.00005018932,0.00002470077,0.002726395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975461,0.00009023621,0.0008542431,0.001350319,0.00003038532,0.000002570494,0.00006376211,0.000002091111,0.00006028987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03328571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6055396,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058640891","doi":"10.3189/172756403781816220","title":"Surge potential and drainage-basin characteristics in East Greenland","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Nationale Geologiske Undersøgelser for Danmark og Grønland; European Space Agency; University College London; European Commission; University of Leeds; Royal Society","keywords":"Surge; Glacier; Geology; Glacial period; Structural basin; Physical geography; Drainage basin; Climatology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Geography; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Hester Jiskoot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tavi Murray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian Luckman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04246661374693458,"gpt":0.2487606304940445,"spread":0.2062940167471099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002712857,0.00006647283,0.000196527,0.00002767116,0.00005228986,0.000005679134,0.00004541289,0.00005002761,0.0004394029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001383366,0.0000565873,0.00002524653,0.00009739454,0.0001217784,0.00004258205,0.000006429272,0.00005772135,0.000009906248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.439235e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001656204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008027858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001221574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993771,0.00008243715,0.0001865582,0.0001213533,0.00004634379,0.0001862563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996883,0.0001020119,0.00006357682,0.00007197606,0.00003509328,0.00003907035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002464702,0.00001134379,0.9902925,0.000008011929,0.000009803803,0.00001320741,0.000133985,0.00001849592,0.000009313113,0.000918267,0.0002651994,0.008295198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000141799,0.00008325257,0.9863914,0.000004381675,0.000003248569,0.000009200339,0.0001651174,0.0001804959,0.000006873874,0.001690467,0.01126236,0.0000614607],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961927,0.0008118385,0.00004688183,0.0008918254,0.0001578249,0.00005129505,0.00004391537,0.000004659086,0.001799071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989125,0.000390763,0.0001334314,0.0004330931,0.00002906021,4.553592e-7,0.00002800012,0.000001312601,0.00007143004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01099716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4811154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052253682","doi":"10.3189/172756401781819391","title":"Characteristics of terrain, snow supply and forest cover for avalanche initiation caused by logging","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Snow; Terrain; Snow cover; Logging; Geology; Vegetation (pathology); Physical geography; Vegetation cover; Forest cover; Hydrology (agriculture); Remote sensing; Geomorphology; Forestry; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Cartography; Land use; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"D. M. McClung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02230875501051485,"gpt":0.2710776952008223,"spread":0.2487689401903075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001898408,0.00006860685,0.0001762438,0.00002009984,0.00003245083,0.000002948763,0.00006185578,0.000112829,0.0002473216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007829957,0.00005375047,0.00003356077,0.00003437744,0.000172419,0.00006233658,0.00003906794,0.00005055224,0.000008499611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005996261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004903795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004794627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001694604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994296,0.00002735445,0.0002039025,0.0001223198,0.0000551392,0.0001616168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996092,0.0001121293,0.0001426648,0.00008429748,0.00001629006,0.00003543798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001432922,0.00005969181,0.9639873,0.00002705577,0.00003289353,0.000002740114,0.0004670355,0.00004557121,0.01481035,0.0001400181,0.01492665,0.005357384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007519143,0.000524241,0.9310752,0.00002625776,0.00002695337,0.00001331095,0.00004633645,0.001072555,0.005304659,0.001741618,0.05927184,0.0001451017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970862,0.00007595871,0.000857238,0.0009118075,0.00005773789,0.0001164632,0.00007054236,0.000005944501,0.0008180585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983192,0.0008245227,0.00007504629,0.0004775221,0.00002302169,0.000005763469,0.00009296814,0.000006312379,0.0001756055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04434519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2707998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109674753","doi":"10.3189/172756402781818030","title":"RADARSAT-1 Antarctic Mapping Project: change-detection and surface velocity campaign","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ohio State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Remote sensing; Ice sheet; Glacier; Synthetic aperture radar; Satellite; Geodesy; Physical geography; Geography; Oceanography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Kenneth C. Jezek","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1647358429684672,"gpt":0.2776984549012825,"spread":0.1129626119328152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001857652,0.00008417638,0.0001754446,0.00002567833,0.0001559362,0.000007163739,0.00006095969,0.00006119434,0.0004605122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006032061,0.00007179839,0.00003236222,0.0002187154,0.0001340867,0.0001038437,0.00001297426,0.00007785243,0.00001902756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001281181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005373887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005310851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001582845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993302,0.00006465289,0.0001563376,0.000167935,0.00006848075,0.0002123414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995946,0.0001425984,0.00008128437,0.00009226666,0.00005410188,0.00003519457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003531468,0.00002629671,0.8311698,0.00005307421,0.00006477411,0.00000549037,0.005190117,0.00004998999,0.0001170107,0.00003017123,0.001364512,0.1618934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001268874,0.0002288903,0.9509422,0.000008535807,0.000005891161,0.00001194938,0.001055678,0.006005885,0.00007696207,0.0002024761,0.04123222,0.0001024559],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928277,0.004582992,0.000113308,0.001556622,0.0001828993,0.0001596963,0.00002324983,0.00002279603,0.0005307535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953182,0.003362767,0.0006055678,0.0005487226,0.00008630249,7.448743e-7,0.000007686319,0.000001928058,0.00006802808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.161791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8028453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008784865","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595921","title":"A new glacier inventory on southern Baffin Island, Canada, from ASTER data: II. Data analysis, glacier change and applications","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Space Agency","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Digital elevation model; Physical geography; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Elevation (ballistics); Glacier mass balance; Glacier morphology; Cirque glacier; Climate change; Climatology; Geomorphology; Remote sensing; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Ice stream; Geography; Geometry; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"Frank Paul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felix Svoboda","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1571396898948729,"gpt":0.2968680295954623,"spread":0.1397283397005894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002020246,0.0001375625,0.0003057616,0.00004626974,0.0001697848,0.00001455132,0.0006206384,0.00007133429,0.0008589709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004321613,0.0001119456,0.00003216953,0.000305251,0.00007061251,0.0001596078,0.0001185035,0.0001003614,0.00002396017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002253137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000117452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5313621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9472274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998797,0.00005595519,0.0002540003,0.0004857889,0.0001544501,0.000252824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985502,0.0001436328,0.0001322869,0.001004967,0.00004254931,0.0001263241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007916905,0.00004427116,0.7649347,0.000005125346,0.0005086471,0.000004507667,0.0007345998,0.0001162677,0.000004710676,0.0001665077,0.07875574,0.1546458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001359884,0.00008480551,0.7262926,0.000003612804,0.0000944587,5.254396e-7,0.0002401674,0.002119905,8.768978e-7,0.0004271724,0.2704933,0.00010655],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9330319,0.01798073,0.002022316,0.02470647,0.0003432924,0.0006589575,0.01967839,0.0000412777,0.001536725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9722211,0.0009426246,0.000708212,0.01315531,0.0006707949,0.000003537522,0.01152267,0.000004932236,0.0007708285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4158652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9405129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2289201472","doi":"10.3189/2016aog71a075","title":"Avalanche character and fatalities in the high mountains of Asia","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Mountain range (options); Central asia; Mountaineering; Snow; Geography; Geology; Terrain; Physical geography; China; Cartography; Archaeology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"D. M. McClung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1239735194791781,"gpt":0.2927191968912583,"spread":0.1687456774120802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003274566,0.00004287612,0.0001334986,0.00001499813,0.00001981532,0.000002914767,0.00008604941,0.00003125459,0.00008180689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007540979,0.00002606843,0.00001554856,0.00006959881,0.0001568689,0.00004822841,0.00000892377,0.00004301625,0.000004636373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.412305e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001425365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003508155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002108284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999567,0.0000660695,0.0001379167,0.00006508866,0.00006102637,0.0001029335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996243,0.0001734322,0.00005712908,0.00008218882,0.00004486637,0.00001804346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002434055,0.000008732308,0.9916216,0.00000716695,0.00001098035,0.000001119208,0.002196048,0.00002963599,0.00000539687,0.002479784,0.001381639,0.002233598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009709882,0.0001375333,0.9825178,0.00000300137,0.000002584884,0.00000254169,0.00372064,0.00004926235,0.00001998102,0.003696054,0.009724288,0.00002916925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941168,0.001342189,0.000003920817,0.003319019,0.00007159873,0.00004841434,0.00004652344,0.000002173518,0.001049405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987924,0.0003455837,0.00006478745,0.0006864904,0.00003649799,7.454749e-7,0.000031369,6.008777e-7,0.00004154055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009103714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5303304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101597106","doi":"10.3189/172756404781814744","title":"Implications of spatial distributions of snow mass and melt rate for snow-cover depletion: observations in a subarctic mountain catchment","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Tundra; Snow; Subarctic climate; Drainage basin; Meltwater; Physical geography; Snowmelt; Environmental science; Lapse rate; Spatial distribution; Hydrology (agriculture); Shrub; Geology; Spatial heterogeneity; Atmospheric sciences; Geomorphology; Arctic; Ecology; Geography; Remote sensing","authors":[{"name":"John W. Pomeroy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Essery","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brenda Toth","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06279135486941376,"gpt":0.2916103959976971,"spread":0.2288190411282834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002633067,0.00008424676,0.0002546057,0.00004027794,0.00009004364,0.000003305119,0.00009720551,0.00006095704,0.00008573954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003157204,0.00007747936,0.00006128944,0.0002289367,0.0002097888,0.00007347074,0.00001279892,0.00004888721,0.000001491002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006284928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000818222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007382554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01007812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991488,0.00004378298,0.0004087552,0.0001586589,0.00005677746,0.0001831865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988914,0.0005096925,0.0001921361,0.0001527057,0.0002154923,0.00003858474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006904916,0.00007473338,0.9762175,0.00004219282,0.00004749489,2.67977e-7,0.0003045886,0.005134507,0.0004872314,0.01550124,0.0001911519,0.001930048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004312166,0.0002405659,0.9726572,0.00002039195,0.00002015998,0.000001265941,0.0002097354,0.0004190924,0.000840442,0.02429607,0.0007960384,0.00006783089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9685249,0.0004270264,0.020013,0.009468588,0.00006394906,0.0003328299,0.001105094,0.000005461283,0.0000591508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971792,0.0004064482,0.001714434,0.0001934727,0.00002303938,0.00002110353,0.000448216,0.000002008938,0.00001214403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02865424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003892620","doi":"10.3189/172756404781815220","title":"Modeling snow instability with the snow-cover model SNOWPACK","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Strong","keywords":"Snowpack; Snow; Instability; Geology; Snow cover; Slab; Stability (learning theory); Environmental science; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Mechanics; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Lehning","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles Fierz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bob Brown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Jamieson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0320444367261487,"gpt":0.2675863787957054,"spread":0.2355419420695567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003562385,0.0001301884,0.0001939837,0.00001601728,0.0001110234,0.000006632025,0.0002588519,0.0001394152,0.0002848044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004198549,0.00006695101,0.00007658146,0.0001168575,0.0004363656,0.0001253591,0.0001334566,0.0002090331,0.0001308876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002827128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003399612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003189741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001957951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990211,0.0000485421,0.0001947324,0.0002615286,0.000165079,0.0003090293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994568,0.00004449881,0.00006568841,0.0003452493,0.00002483327,0.00006288787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001239797,0.00006767651,0.002620475,0.000003466803,0.00002571932,0.000002714978,0.0006870453,0.9937163,0.0004655771,0.001042302,0.0005352243,0.0007095183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002599753,0.001201867,0.01004248,0.00009452626,0.00009223555,0.00006173585,0.0005419616,0.8968564,0.00994175,0.07289992,0.004833558,0.0008338351],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724929,0.00007012369,0.0129104,0.005483424,0.00003583321,0.000132933,0.000007182157,0.0000201151,0.008847097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979285,0.000138871,0.0004569616,0.001253996,0.00002263664,0.000006806006,0.000004528737,0.00001042664,0.0001772916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09685992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3118409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086674830","doi":"10.3189/172756411795931534","title":"Springtime CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over seasonal sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Sea ice; Atmospheric sciences; Arctic ice pack; Snow; Climatology; Cryosphere; Environmental science; Arctic; Geology; Archipelago; Oceanography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Tim Papakyriakou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisa A. Miller","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04768018593761061,"gpt":0.2519188355478349,"spread":0.2042386496102243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007997603,0.0001452444,0.0002141173,0.0001427994,0.0001418715,0.00001059586,0.0003919515,0.000129462,0.001136528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108507,0.0001074323,0.00007839089,0.0001652554,0.0003738468,0.0001126221,0.00001434335,0.0003086324,0.000211339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006484544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001990844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2494212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6986963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985336,0.0002581305,0.0002288842,0.0002271164,0.0001758008,0.0005764753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991621,0.0002854864,0.00009376746,0.0002303402,0.00005613101,0.0001721889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007690012,0.00002684714,0.9830422,0.00003040363,0.00002701631,0.00007357157,0.003350397,0.00002390666,0.00001821762,0.001208624,0.0004178592,0.01170402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000147546,0.0001911619,0.9913918,0.00001626923,0.00001016507,0.00004807557,0.000327806,0.001039972,0.00008393791,0.004895122,0.001710016,0.0001381119],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986205,0.0001714192,0.00001288913,0.001246503,0.0001360277,0.0001364965,0.0001033441,0.000008596602,0.01197968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954687,0.0002025679,0.00009224869,0.00402482,0.00008883391,0.000001904976,0.00009794959,0.000004249846,0.00001868041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.449275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005306376","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595912","title":"A new glacier inventory on southern Baffin Island, Canada, from ASTER data: I. Applied methods, challenges and solutions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Glacier; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer; Geology; Digital elevation model; Moraine; Remote sensing; Glacier mass balance; Glacier morphology; Physical geography; Multispectral image; Arctic; Tidewater glacier cycle; Cryosphere; Geomorphology; Climatology; Geography; Oceanography; Ice stream; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"Felix Svoboda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Paul","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1672458924378367,"gpt":0.3090872071506808,"spread":0.1418413147128442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002553852,0.0001119704,0.0002406929,0.00001963789,0.0001021203,0.000006472731,0.0002101333,0.00006786225,0.0004914627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006343281,0.00008990648,0.00002184236,0.00005384827,0.00006251915,0.00004935443,0.00003183361,0.00009408182,0.00001809385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001675793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001137416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2429688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.881273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999101,0.00008874284,0.0001890962,0.0002812578,0.00009239295,0.0002475558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992055,0.0002854812,0.00008372323,0.0003052772,0.00002558084,0.00009442701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001406242,0.00002961176,0.01699848,0.000007108938,0.0001413773,0.000004285171,0.001928509,0.0001776851,0.00004099284,0.001758744,0.06377286,0.9149997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000259882,0.0001701862,0.8432444,0.000008270212,0.00002059512,0.000001240657,0.001512906,0.0006288833,0.000008978895,0.006671807,0.1473247,0.0001481906],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7959376,0.1225071,0.002654427,0.0588327,0.0010953,0.000535285,0.002524735,0.00006620831,0.01584664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783614,0.005294666,0.006749112,0.007982478,0.0004681678,0.000001374861,0.0005986607,0.000005724304,0.0005383962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9148515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7620723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109474468","doi":"10.3189/172756410790595787","title":"Glacier inventory of the upper Huasco valley, Norte Chico, Chile: glacier characteristics, glacier change and comparison with central Chile","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Barrick Gold Corporation","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Tidewater glacier cycle; Glacier mass balance; Glacial period; Glacier morphology; Physical geography; Rock glacier; Climate change; Cirque glacier; Geomorphology; Cryosphere; Climatology; Geography; Ice stream; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Lindsey Nicholson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jorge Marín","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Humberto Lopez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antoine Rabatel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francisca Bown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrés Rivera","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06316107240493243,"gpt":0.2638104136031154,"spread":0.2006493411981829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002298827,0.0002274778,0.0005366071,0.00004159318,0.0002247319,0.00001476199,0.0002875367,0.0001220668,0.0005248731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006484382,0.0001464505,0.000116744,0.0002518683,0.0005430924,0.0001463765,0.00004079171,0.0002155781,0.000008820297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002999723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004610066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006130541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001074783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983859,0.0001157193,0.0004524693,0.0003153694,0.0002283434,0.0005021979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989678,0.00008992913,0.0003465838,0.0003363558,0.0001319974,0.0001273053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235588,0.0000777321,0.9891695,0.00002142649,0.00007232248,0.000001536218,0.001434012,0.00002818033,0.00003382981,0.0002421132,0.0008206589,0.007975141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000347368,0.0005406426,0.9800334,0.000037604,0.00003933167,0.000009861922,0.0002347593,0.0005506406,0.00006888624,0.000180742,0.01777979,0.0001769676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931226,0.00213907,0.00001455276,0.003237599,0.0003474645,0.0003193006,0.0001458977,0.00001671078,0.0006567636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960684,0.0008561293,0.0001070216,0.002485767,0.0002236696,0.000002992945,0.000105008,0.000005476918,0.0001455479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01695913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.597208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982646958","doi":"10.3189/172756403781815762","title":"Intra-annual and intra-seasonal flow dynamics of a High Arctic polythermal valley glacier","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Geological Society of America","keywords":"Geology; Glacier; Accumulation zone; Ablation zone; Arctic; Groenlandia; Glacier ice accumulation; Glacier terminus; Geomorphology; Climatology; Ice stream; Oceanography; Ice sheet; Arctic ice pack; Cryosphere; Antarctic sea ice; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"Robert G. Bingham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Nienow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.024533239047049,"gpt":0.2446586788633247,"spread":0.2201254398162757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002741695,0.0001198858,0.0003103754,0.00003048544,0.00007153583,0.000004921342,0.0001070865,0.00009231723,0.002166337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002212534,0.00009963565,0.00006372495,0.0001523016,0.0003652008,0.00007952364,0.00001421726,0.0001045112,0.00001116311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001907581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004997517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001678799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003163845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990254,0.0001096992,0.000283283,0.0001895676,0.0001136726,0.0002784019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992353,0.0002859515,0.0001225993,0.0001334236,0.0001421667,0.00008052279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001267393,0.00004913928,0.9622192,0.0000418698,0.0001555872,0.000005607977,0.0005559254,0.001094794,0.00001501442,0.009168214,0.0007347176,0.02583319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002717236,0.0003890712,0.9871569,0.000009091819,0.00002223749,0.00002056701,0.0005413556,0.00317164,0.00003357563,0.005971469,0.002292195,0.0001202322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949297,0.001668707,0.0002605945,0.00193876,0.0002497484,0.00008274611,0.0002953244,0.000007785778,0.0005665947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997152,0.0004748549,0.001575949,0.0005986484,0.00004346963,8.179517e-7,0.00007215768,0.000003088965,0.00007899925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02571296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035797264","doi":"10.3189/172756401781818978","title":"On large-scale shifts in the Arctic Ocean and sea-ice conditions during 1979−98","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arctic sea ice decline; Arctic ice pack; Arctic geoengineering; Climatology; Sea ice; Arctic dipole anomaly; Arctic; Drift ice; Geology; Forcing (mathematics); Oceanography; Cryosphere; Antarctic sea ice; Canada Basin; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Wieslaw Maslowski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas C. Marble","is_ca":false},{"name":"Waldemar Walczowski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Albert J. Semtner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02161233117419873,"gpt":0.2634791959082999,"spread":0.2418668647341012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003773569,0.00009081791,0.000156766,0.00007181065,0.0001477003,0.000009014297,0.0001500138,0.00006693833,0.0005145235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007915419,0.00006326324,0.00003609828,0.0001276126,0.00019178,0.00008862073,0.0000116265,0.0001793951,0.0000452153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001262213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001561092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006727118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002250141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991145,0.0001458983,0.0001730684,0.0001681175,0.00009705153,0.0003014275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993199,0.0003988042,0.00006179063,0.0001428079,0.00002523316,0.00005152058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008156565,0.00004433209,0.9958577,0.00001943614,0.00001267832,0.00003824055,0.001412476,0.0003902962,0.000004360218,0.001657743,0.0002277938,0.0002533447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002361347,0.0001851256,0.9863266,0.0000198385,0.000006594504,0.00005144315,0.001237932,0.001703691,0.000003812658,0.009513948,0.0006370688,0.00007780795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929746,0.00009713234,0.00001639501,0.003672768,0.00006873967,0.00008668102,0.00005872602,0.000008603293,0.003016313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968265,0.0003866934,0.00003925306,0.002551719,0.0000453281,5.432815e-7,0.00007761418,0.000002008068,0.00007039306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009531129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5633671,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974155472","doi":"10.3189/172756405781812925","title":"Palaeo-ice streams in the northern Keewatin sector of the Laurentide ice sheet","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Ice sheet; Ice stream; Moraine; Deglaciation; Ice divide; Wisconsin glaciation; Glacial landform; Ice shelf; Arctic ice pack; Antarctic sea ice; Seabed gouging by ice; Glacial period; Landform; Oceanography; Sea ice; Geomorphology; Cryosphere","authors":[{"name":"Hernán De Angelis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johan Klemån","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04488877016430516,"gpt":0.2855991604082776,"spread":0.2407103902439724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009989458,0.0001004836,0.0002400647,0.00006711617,0.00008091659,0.000003311319,0.0006349859,0.0001617122,0.001239403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002145545,0.00005381632,0.000083779,0.0002209671,0.000584523,0.00005406207,0.00002573547,0.0003104589,0.0001174199],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.431106e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005964599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009798076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1413013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981953,0.0008350816,0.0002986209,0.0001736159,0.0001432334,0.000354178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985017,0.0009382669,0.0001390173,0.0003166783,0.00007263013,0.00003172191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007127068,0.00003689372,0.9954853,0.00001414053,0.0000218378,0.000004101205,0.0008895883,0.0007563442,0.00001998361,0.0001742493,0.0004895915,0.002036687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001814859,0.0001400602,0.9952589,0.000008845041,0.0000060127,0.00002860027,0.0003224412,0.0003233312,0.000361083,0.001118223,0.002193954,0.0000570337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825433,0.0009894503,0.000001282486,0.009657546,0.00009575101,0.0001418609,0.00003516788,0.000004974238,0.006530666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998538,0.0001328204,0.00003241787,0.001081863,0.00005409606,0.000001997277,0.00003264314,0.000001621178,0.0001245412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1403215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030458495","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817842","title":"Velocity and strain rates derived from InSAR analysis over the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Strain rate; Ice shelf; Shear (geology); Shear stress; Ice stream; Geodesy; Geomorphology; Shear zone; Transverse plane; Deformation (meteorology); Seismology; Oceanography; Mechanics; Petrology; Sea ice; Tectonics","authors":[{"name":"N. W. Young","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Hyland","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07213865359253947,"gpt":0.2718100341372041,"spread":0.1996713805446647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001487907,0.00009306201,0.0002465924,0.00002590783,0.0001741589,0.00001449947,0.000127614,0.0000527253,0.003565965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001014811,0.00006114584,0.00007741406,0.0003077795,0.0003491527,0.00007294335,0.00002080866,0.00008744327,0.00002106601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.933304e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006317796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009672031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01047236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992493,0.0001061285,0.0001866494,0.0001862302,0.00008045137,0.0001912742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914,0.000512409,0.00009195084,0.0001562754,0.00005133272,0.00004800241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001916596,0.00001452207,0.9859227,0.000002497125,0.0004399485,0.000002237303,0.001135863,0.0002489273,0.00005020816,0.0000331109,0.001275834,0.01085496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009369948,0.00006769996,0.9861677,0.000001786718,0.00009088849,7.064561e-7,0.0007152775,0.008905075,0.00001206096,0.000540011,0.003331919,0.00007317274],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991384,0.003081442,0.00005666013,0.00477975,0.00006134558,0.00005350249,0.0002959919,0.000009077389,0.0002781941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954788,0.00202747,0.0002525196,0.002071993,0.00005932764,7.841293e-7,0.00007205628,0.000001403134,0.00003563496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01078179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159220998","doi":"10.3189/172756410791386652","title":"Snowpack tests for assessing snow-slope instability","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"European Commission; Parks Canada","keywords":"Snowpack; Geology; Snow; Fracture (geology); Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Jürg Schweizer","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Bruce Jamieson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04459131368452738,"gpt":0.3386084319360825,"spread":0.2940171182515551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005497175,0.00009691896,0.0001953729,0.00002049854,0.00008548968,0.000009744331,0.0001907391,0.000214396,0.001192582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004133275,0.00007009649,0.00008842756,0.00008463134,0.0003963499,0.0001417859,0.000106415,0.0001983597,0.00007515711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006975267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001882051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006420076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001856605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999129,0.00004131875,0.0002279713,0.000237163,0.0000820134,0.0002825657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992979,0.0002287106,0.0001060524,0.0002614234,0.00002995152,0.00007599876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001501316,0.0003438376,0.7176734,0.00003848329,0.00005230799,0.000005397661,0.0004897406,0.0001588141,0.164907,0.002555789,0.0156154,0.0980097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005315546,0.000296769,0.8194612,0.00001284817,0.00001730478,0.00001894779,0.00005699825,0.0004867693,0.02246917,0.01661662,0.1397789,0.000252883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837494,0.00002531085,0.0001912026,0.001711296,0.0003388707,0.0001538958,0.0000101805,0.00002078922,0.01379905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976369,0.00002884464,0.001610348,0.0004575741,0.00005784532,0.00001001658,0.000009989946,0.000008696404,0.0001798167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1424378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119398007","doi":"10.3189/172756409787769663","title":"Sensitivity of net mass-balance estimates to near-surface temperature lapse rates when employing the degree-day method to estimate glacier melt","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lapse rate; Glacier mass balance; Degree (music); Glacier; Atmospheric sciences; Degree day; Elevation (ballistics); Environmental science; Troposphere; Climatology; Geology; Meteorology; Geomorphology; Geometry; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Alex Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Sharp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06663401189239936,"gpt":0.3426758319724476,"spread":0.2760418200800482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001418319,0.0002017745,0.0004845874,0.00001740029,0.0002537585,0.00003298076,0.0002409644,0.0001017199,0.0001610878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006506486,0.0001347386,0.00009040137,0.0003587683,0.0001363386,0.0001038534,0.00003250516,0.0001519517,0.00003707042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002251422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004454653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001505174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001165011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984109,0.000338728,0.0003448399,0.0003134857,0.0001645308,0.000427554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978213,0.001360509,0.0001434896,0.0003125641,0.000240955,0.0001211821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002067556,0.00003625616,0.7886276,0.00002534776,0.0001109743,0.00001673245,0.002564142,0.1492514,0.02027462,0.0002991103,0.01163939,0.02694764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001067609,0.0004078409,0.9720527,0.00003048971,0.00002152973,0.000008120592,0.0001856507,0.01435261,0.005732394,0.001712982,0.005213293,0.0001756538],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743741,0.001078786,0.004627827,0.01910465,0.0001572676,0.0002881643,0.0001291017,0.00003341473,0.0002067212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9146269,0.00006058522,0.08060056,0.004502357,0.00005595613,0.000001601754,0.00003361938,0.000004864705,0.0001135833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1834251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.549448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007976548","doi":"10.3189/172756401781818482","title":"Decadal variability in high northern latitudes as simulated by an intermediate-complexity climate model","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles; European Commission","keywords":"Climatology; Sea ice; Geology; Arctic ice pack; Climate model; Cryosphere; Sea ice concentration; Latitude; Geopotential height; Atmospheric sciences; Sea ice thickness; Precipitation; Oceanography; Climate change; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"H. Goosse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Selten","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rein Haarsma","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. D. Opsteegh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04261595649281675,"gpt":0.296618328619918,"spread":0.2540023721271013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008386376,0.0001476461,0.0003199131,0.00006076987,0.00007094406,0.00000836135,0.0002617505,0.0001535625,0.0006965957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001687312,0.0001255834,0.00005020954,0.0001229711,0.0003757097,0.0002117848,0.00002750985,0.0001921733,0.00005287497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004253421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005794619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007704571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01263265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984876,0.0002757436,0.0003806667,0.0002979598,0.0001194951,0.0004385455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991521,0.0003020605,0.0001226409,0.000225416,0.00008046578,0.0001173093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000295215,0.00009385495,0.9603141,0.00001194747,0.00001523959,0.0000111238,0.0003313166,0.03392029,0.00001904244,0.0009162462,0.00001516576,0.00405644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002586989,0.0002775297,0.5659129,0.000006927985,0.000005820648,0.000007477811,0.00008551538,0.3786169,0.00001392394,0.05461608,0.00006491268,0.0001332461],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997184,0.00002283097,0.0005972241,0.0005166256,0.000085845,0.0001026324,0.0001594648,0.00002687486,0.001304535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981253,0.0002394879,0.0003392267,0.000781021,0.00002813063,4.471864e-7,0.0004619696,0.000004033506,0.00002038651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3944012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005887084","doi":"10.3189/172756400781820507","title":"Predictions in avalanche forecasting","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Forecast verification; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Entropy (arrow of time); Bayesian probability; Meteorology; Econometrics; Artificial intelligence; Forecast skill; Cartography; Geography; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"D. M. McClung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04085141246265011,"gpt":0.272779793572787,"spread":0.2319283811101369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001642329,0.00004613199,0.00009640767,0.00001979699,0.00002702712,0.000001369793,0.00007716397,0.00008422248,0.00691796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001914978,0.00003505663,0.00003201183,0.000100527,0.000111869,0.00004662679,0.00002511585,0.00009246925,0.0002210803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006497836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003517426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001838044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000913189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994874,0.00003411346,0.0001501524,0.0001097087,0.00004888209,0.0001697577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998183,0.00003332956,0.00002797282,0.00008765864,0.00000294599,0.00002980538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001410183,0.0001788501,0.8269755,0.000008469902,0.0000305482,0.00003254473,0.001233263,0.03271488,0.0009751231,0.0002722094,0.01600065,0.1214369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006318243,0.0004050118,0.8587955,0.00003325965,0.000009861233,0.00007054133,0.00008056303,0.01568131,0.0009696772,0.006568595,0.116552,0.0002018524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9192928,0.00006310116,0.00001453867,0.0006588823,0.00004042782,0.00004171913,0.000003026223,0.00001038393,0.0798751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983872,0.0002540209,0.0001020522,0.0002442289,0.00002048668,0.000003598568,0.000003534753,0.000003386091,0.0009814465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1212351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991836530","doi":"10.3189/172756402781817761","title":"Determination of melt-onset and refreeze timing on southeast Alaskan icefields using SSM/I diurnal amplitude variations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Snowmelt; Amplitude; Morning; Glacier; Snow; Geology; Climatology; Brightness temperature; Brightness; Atmospheric sciences; Geomorphology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"J. M. Ramage","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryan L. Isacks","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1381081204817407,"gpt":0.3062550835120634,"spread":0.1681469630303227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001819038,0.00007679077,0.0001799285,0.00004712872,0.0001365233,0.000007045969,0.00007590173,0.00006908719,0.0005612606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001351595,0.00006605257,0.00004070605,0.0001132749,0.0001144668,0.00007050252,0.00001241886,0.00007253297,0.000006322859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001094418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008289349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005841448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004976123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993148,0.00006171596,0.0002498569,0.0001308798,0.00008837707,0.0001543193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992854,0.0003204735,0.0001618892,0.0001116228,0.00008055802,0.00004007051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006543594,0.00008534388,0.9337342,0.00004034874,0.00007712388,0.000003958516,0.002908204,0.001222146,0.0002158468,0.001200691,0.0005371711,0.05990947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001747236,0.0003326723,0.95752,0.00002478789,0.00002368788,0.00001235487,0.0005219321,0.03919712,0.00008032574,0.001341339,0.0006742706,0.00009677521],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957391,0.0004667951,0.001503926,0.0009015119,0.0001137333,0.00006487061,0.00007913501,0.00000760643,0.00112329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967842,0.000238871,0.002618135,0.0002520932,0.00004506403,5.367936e-7,0.0000156937,0.000001908443,0.00004350904],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0598127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.614541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}