{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":19,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":19,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"a16a6cb75918","filters":{"venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"}},"results":[{"id":"W1898394801","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.34.090101.162238","title":"T<scp>HE</scp> R<scp>ICHTMYER</scp>-M<scp>ESHKOV</scp> I<scp>NSTABILITY</scp>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":751,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Richtmyer–Meshkov instability; Instability; Mach number; Physics; Compressibility; Compressible flow; Turbulence; Shock (circulatory); Nonlinear system; Shock wave; Mechanics; Statistical physics","authors":[{"name":"Martin Brouillette","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01436603752695111,"gpt":0.2569971420028096,"spread":0.2426311044758585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001554386,0.001496376,0.002341164,0.0003699199,0.0005855671,0.0002828609,0.001602572,0.0005140382,0.0008564041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009631868,0.001415596,0.001529155,0.001564522,0.0001915181,0.001273368,0.0006988359,0.001401766,0.004695385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000214823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003334627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002576667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003708886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9915493,0.0005227794,0.002674084,0.001696015,0.001477175,0.0020807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9850311,0.008323748,0.001421277,0.002393356,0.001779504,0.001051015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000243813,0.002665503,0.0006459795,0.003779197,0.0008364,0.00005745734,0.002548437,0.000188786,0.001580275,0.04912414,0.9283582,0.01021321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001127519,0.0006924099,0.00008249443,0.003368577,0.0009500056,0.00003810135,0.00611069,0.002564807,0.01778896,0.00346872,0.9636263,0.0001813876],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4513707,0.1237167,0.0246126,0.001277542,0.01175886,0.01014107,0.01153234,0.00134781,0.3642424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.639941,0.2033184,0.01029955,0.009518356,0.007102334,0.002157878,0.003133646,0.001495505,0.1230333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2412091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138780412","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110227","title":"Internal Tide Generation in the Deep Ocean","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":739,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Internal wave; Barotropic fluid; Internal tide; Geology; Tidal power; Dimensionless quantity; Energy flux; Deep sea; Excursion; Mixing (physics); Geophysics; Lead (geology); Oceanography; Mechanics; Geomorphology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Chris Garrett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Kunze","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008314543786151901,"gpt":0.2181003592406669,"spread":0.209785815454515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005965324,0.00008904871,0.000161388,0.00001305677,0.00003968517,0.00001321357,0.000260728,0.0000286532,0.0002153268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006478659,0.00005449499,0.00006321793,0.0003416311,0.00001656962,0.0001531424,0.000006776637,0.00007829371,0.00002137956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001507053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002746641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007153508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991199,0.00007463639,0.0003024965,0.0001245155,0.0002366622,0.0001418343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996471,0.00004699458,0.00009063387,0.0001322808,0.00006149377,0.00002147937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005869977,0.0003482675,0.04818469,0.007802453,0.00006633269,0.0001114072,0.001364768,0.002522337,0.0002976115,0.03692222,0.2225055,0.6798157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001668288,0.002125599,0.05259389,0.009812173,0.0004062759,0.0003377885,0.003474293,0.3196833,0.003721271,0.03920694,0.5650543,0.00191594],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2238346,0.7432808,0.009940333,0.002268955,0.0006979201,0.0009458158,0.0001773021,0.00005588335,0.01879836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9475652,0.04937645,0.0006943125,0.002042827,0.0001495168,6.114595e-7,0.0001274199,0.000002366707,0.00004129096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7237306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2357678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113941137","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141424","title":"Yielding to Stress: Recent Developments in Viscoplastic Fluid Mechanics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":655,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Viscoplasticity; Rheology; Rheometry; Bingham plastic; Fluid mechanics; Yield (engineering); Fluid dynamics; Thixotropy; Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Constitutive equation; Physics; Thermodynamics; Finite element method","authors":[{"name":"Neil J. Balmforth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian A. Frigaard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guillaume Ovarlez","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01040383193693136,"gpt":0.251076986628216,"spread":0.2406731546912847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005096736,0.0003362795,0.0007622266,0.0001595108,0.00006010028,0.000009417614,0.0004317416,0.000174744,0.0003617666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001790762,0.0003125741,0.0001068526,0.0006070634,0.00001202035,0.0001940255,0.0003899443,0.0002879248,0.0003148405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001428717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007333767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002796788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002052641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976703,0.00005856247,0.0009387374,0.0004275893,0.0003448134,0.000559989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998735,0.0002066531,0.0001240165,0.0003871707,0.000375133,0.0001720385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235559,0.0008312147,0.0002058576,0.02230361,0.0007184217,0.00007094574,0.002870045,0.007742397,0.4368291,0.415998,0.02066071,0.09164616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002337908,0.000962375,0.0002136168,0.06747676,0.0003895057,0.00005833457,0.001709396,0.807301,0.08862472,0.007041481,0.02058888,0.003296013],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02658639,0.16776,0.7886938,0.003657586,0.00320506,0.004928402,0.0002845082,0.0004343729,0.004449861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4175808,0.5460144,0.0262351,0.006606492,0.0001903217,0.0009083272,0.0001408275,0.0002045162,0.002119149],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7995586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128098791","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161102","title":"A<scp>ERODYNAMICS OF</scp>S<scp>MALL</scp>V<scp>EHICLES</scp>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":632,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aerospace engineering; Aerodynamics; Flapping; Airfoil; Wake; Wing; Laminar flow; Reynolds number; Boundary layer; Aeroelasticity; Flow separation; Flow (mathematics); Separation (statistics); Vortex; Propulsive efficiency; Physics; Propulsion; Computer science; Mechanics; Engineering; Turbulence","authors":[{"name":"Thomas Mueller","is_ca":true},{"name":"James DeLaurier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01240184067730569,"gpt":0.2206497188584617,"spread":0.208247878181156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001442265,0.0008576798,0.001696934,0.0003328448,0.0001312532,0.00004428273,0.001180097,0.0006464834,0.0001281704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002285618,0.0008072114,0.0007199795,0.001250678,0.00007421489,0.0004603724,0.0003078061,0.0006984986,0.0006069746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001007349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006049259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001142204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005422747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950011,0.0002216398,0.001834677,0.0007148565,0.001115065,0.00111261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960726,0.001015178,0.0004981225,0.001330878,0.0006115974,0.0004715553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003707113,0.0006956198,0.00002158641,0.03158193,0.0008491703,0.0001052579,0.003147731,0.0004181538,0.1778415,0.07174388,0.6525219,0.06106957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009993226,0.000728505,0.00002272198,0.005899571,0.0006317098,0.00008973603,0.0008887431,0.05893078,0.1537218,0.003340441,0.774497,0.0002496451],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1287085,0.7505209,0.05920089,0.0005793665,0.007419295,0.004972431,0.001838264,0.001789218,0.04497119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1370527,0.8243451,0.02241965,0.003283937,0.0007933974,0.0002399567,0.0003367914,0.0007340597,0.01079438],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1219751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146299840","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161144","title":"M<scp>IXING</scp> E<scp>FFICIENCY IN</scp> S<scp>TRATIFIED</scp> S<scp>HEAR</scp> F<scp>LOWS</scp>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":417,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Laminar flow; Physics; Instability; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. P. Caulfield","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01447408098127756,"gpt":0.2239036918907623,"spread":0.2094296109094848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004896597,0.002217468,0.00336414,0.0005039424,0.001025056,0.0004770086,0.00353053,0.00121016,0.0003206318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02471879,0.001990248,0.0013576,0.006374159,0.0005836844,0.002351847,0.0004143085,0.002058908,0.001885012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008270478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007901261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004662031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000371583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9850972,0.001030645,0.003779581,0.002840366,0.003248004,0.004004249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.983237,0.009688002,0.001899255,0.002240235,0.001233515,0.001702018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009425983,0.00236157,0.011853,0.0180203,0.000785027,0.0007896625,0.01619132,0.001305512,0.001032863,0.00695623,0.8837829,0.05691216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001617223,0.002176274,0.002746027,0.005859976,0.0006933268,0.0002927695,0.01726414,0.01657953,0.002933595,0.003671954,0.9458276,0.0003375943],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.3498425,0.5580007,0.003255038,0.0003619965,0.003780225,0.003791715,0.001482371,0.0009521454,0.07853328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3194512,0.6327022,0.006917867,0.009546063,0.001818113,0.0001632144,0.001123926,0.0003744185,0.02790303],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07470147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127199749","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-120710-101228","title":"The Significance of Simple Invariant Solutions in Turbulent Flows","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":330,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; Kolmogorov microscales; Statistical physics; Prandtl number; Invariant (physics); Reynolds number; Nonlinear system; Dynamical systems theory; K-epsilon turbulence model; K-omega turbulence model; Classical mechanics; Taylor microscale; Mathematics; Mechanics; Convection; Mathematical physics","authors":[{"name":"Genta KAWAHARA","is_ca":false},{"name":"Markus Uhlmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lennaert van Veen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01808268697137464,"gpt":0.2239716783504596,"spread":0.205888991379085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007556284,0.0001524764,0.0003502591,0.00005067253,0.00003876151,0.000003670206,0.0003451826,0.00005933382,0.00005573835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012398,0.0001151034,0.0001324718,0.0003019829,0.0000202129,0.00008003469,0.00006367357,0.0001380643,0.00001287964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000376721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004734777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008086817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009933932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986673,0.00005110575,0.0006579987,0.0001374549,0.0002017214,0.0002844242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992176,0.00007314306,0.00007808718,0.0004439691,0.0001319609,0.00005522932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005914818,0.0005316559,0.00002302286,0.01658172,0.0003238352,0.00004265877,0.002465984,0.01828415,0.01994612,0.8549803,0.02414695,0.06261444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003155002,0.0001777475,0.00008999007,0.002783851,0.00008136046,0.000009519266,0.0001087616,0.9473913,0.002782668,0.006875733,0.0390456,0.0003379653],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04729259,0.8667064,0.06283393,0.001106394,0.0026691,0.006023755,0.0008842252,0.0003794091,0.01210419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7045552,0.2937512,0.001279562,0.0001767113,0.00003277604,0.0001060891,0.00002140773,0.00004355024,0.00003353021],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9291072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.469378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232075027","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165125","title":"Boger Fluids","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Monash University","keywords":"Viscoelasticity; Rheology; Thermodynamics; Elasticity (physics); Newtonian fluid; Viscosity; Materials science; Shear rate; Non-Newtonian fluid; Instability; Mechanics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"David F. James","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01167556524461238,"gpt":0.2459257875703802,"spread":0.2342502223257678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002876575,0.0001881855,0.0005292566,0.00004265794,0.00007771388,9.177713e-7,0.0002455196,0.0001106194,0.0001865836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005485655,0.0001637356,0.0002020847,0.0002239997,0.00005234797,0.0000925791,0.0001295091,0.0001763421,0.0001400284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002458741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000362404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004601225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.69424e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987718,0.00003105528,0.0004803808,0.0002203203,0.0002238708,0.0002725396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991717,0.00009170782,0.00007217047,0.0003626121,0.0002271977,0.00007461132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004198091,0.0002390425,0.00007116658,0.008952577,0.0003778547,0.0000960146,0.0008365937,0.00008632137,0.2266721,0.6962308,0.06117753,0.005218069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003703711,0.001500348,0.0003209655,0.0281324,0.00117327,0.001416872,0.0005547108,0.5727144,0.1492633,0.00796819,0.2291163,0.004135611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.008917085,0.6352649,0.33691,0.001345828,0.001060557,0.000694982,0.0001694199,0.0003562289,0.01528097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1235241,0.8554647,0.007046144,0.003408893,0.0002024185,0.00006379199,0.00005294138,0.00007025283,0.01016678],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6882626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6676945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402685789","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060322","title":"Inflow Turbulence Generation Methods","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":293,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University; Compute Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Inflow; Detached eddy simulation; Boundary layer; Mesoscale meteorology; Microscale chemistry; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mechanics; Direct numerical simulation; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Meteorology; Reynolds number; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Xiaohua Wu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01809591611226153,"gpt":0.3018203840244635,"spread":0.283724467912202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076906,0.000113045,0.0002322446,0.00001160248,0.00005366302,0.000002824064,0.0001880297,0.00003522615,0.000961571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003962806,0.00006611897,0.0000870942,0.0001521451,0.00003794086,0.000206347,0.0001749356,0.00003566046,0.0002817084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003710076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000899954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008384369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002966542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989988,0.0001092689,0.0002858551,0.000211024,0.0002304073,0.0001647093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995176,0.00005782665,0.0000905581,0.0002490985,0.0000311287,0.00005375519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002039872,0.00003016536,0.00002831524,0.0002916029,0.00001175499,0.00000122344,0.000102946,0.000004184943,0.2016031,0.002044941,0.03526667,0.7606131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002924765,0.0002732991,0.0002140476,0.003936933,0.00008534375,0.00001002816,0.0000450541,0.001160071,0.16902,0.002269157,0.82227,0.0004235835],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03435265,0.2826494,0.6389717,0.01972396,0.002874312,0.002405625,0.0002763789,0.0002701482,0.01847585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1197985,0.7307957,0.1337881,0.01098162,0.0005445501,0.0001279065,0.0000130935,0.00005953533,0.003890992],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7870033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126615891","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140701","title":"Internal Wave Breaking and Dissipation Mechanisms on the Continental Slope/Shelf","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":289,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Internal wave; Breaking wave; Dissipation; Geology; Shoal; Mechanics; Shoaling and schooling; Continental shelf; Dispersion (optics); Geophysics; Physics; Wave propagation; Oceanography; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Kevin G. Lamb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009005409018285213,"gpt":0.2085499463638458,"spread":0.1995445373455606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003836103,0.0001360654,0.0002187247,0.00001200952,0.00009564827,0.00003266508,0.0001721782,0.00003770639,0.001655065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001558215,0.00007747391,0.00006739466,0.0001716247,0.00003239473,0.0002411497,0.00002408735,0.0001016029,0.00005707021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001703355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001936692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002202558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002373105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99905,0.0000619339,0.000279458,0.000177457,0.0002598945,0.0001712475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999392,0.0001342578,0.0001478109,0.0001473435,0.0001065683,0.00007207388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003776751,0.0000700509,0.001170796,0.002606698,0.0001004876,0.000009413478,0.0005701022,0.000009596559,0.0005871052,0.04628379,0.008929642,0.9396245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003970492,0.010744,0.1120525,0.08810283,0.001369638,0.0008364905,0.0192046,0.3313519,0.02706294,0.2371854,0.1627519,0.00536721],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7175545,0.2076654,0.03257743,0.01314628,0.002031185,0.00395237,0.0005116716,0.0002174861,0.02234366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9653986,0.03103888,0.0007406851,0.002671449,0.00003938028,0.000004002677,0.00002626209,0.000004338265,0.00007641785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9342573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251485344","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161217","title":"A<scp>IRCRAFT</scp> I<scp>CING</scp>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":243,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bombardier (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Icing; Ice cream; Environmental science; Computer science; Meteorology; Physics; Food science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Tuncer Cebeci","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Kafyeke","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01339457647032898,"gpt":0.2238084381001237,"spread":0.2104138616297948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005920087,0.0004045152,0.0008094662,0.0001910541,0.00008353221,0.00002321297,0.000607546,0.000277056,0.00002391476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003027703,0.0003776022,0.0002662082,0.0006680735,0.00003671738,0.0002008904,0.0001569248,0.000432439,0.0004618544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006438024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001700653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009592427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001993393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997814,0.00004900303,0.0007227856,0.0003448772,0.0004362923,0.0006330413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998217,0.0004385926,0.0001359505,0.0008720069,0.0002147516,0.0001216393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.329581e-7,0.0001137689,0.00001484044,0.01236279,0.0001838811,0.00004919768,0.001367634,0.0005754591,0.004859562,0.01703605,0.8566278,0.1068086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004030623,0.0003636511,0.00001554941,0.009630653,0.0002450564,0.00009036087,0.001130601,0.02703327,0.1322359,0.002428931,0.8262194,0.0002036394],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05299574,0.7828735,0.07874661,0.0006888231,0.003886056,0.002072988,0.0003032674,0.008513353,0.06991965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3569945,0.6324143,0.005494307,0.001620259,0.000280017,0.00008794427,0.00003242964,0.0002311151,0.002845196],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3039987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146396721","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034259","title":"Modeling Nonequilibrium Gas Flow Based on Moment Equations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Victoria","keywords":"Knudsen number; Boltzmann equation; Physics; Mach number; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Moment (physics); Flow (mathematics); Boundary value problem; Knudsen flow; Statistical physics; Nonlinear system; Euler equations; Shock wave; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Manuel Torrilhon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05057408995772286,"gpt":0.3158513836080001,"spread":0.2652772936502772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001630332,0.0001922307,0.0004526061,0.00007595759,0.00003015203,0.000009069031,0.0002528078,0.00006809464,0.00005795833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001360956,0.0001636582,0.0001719306,0.0001894259,0.00001009023,0.00006337398,0.00007391217,0.000120295,0.00003886503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006925864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001580584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004909034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001823838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983012,0.0001175657,0.0005917621,0.0002221938,0.0005318523,0.0002354448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998427,0.000181552,0.0001351465,0.0006191498,0.0004750237,0.0001621321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004269984,0.0004355046,1.247548e-7,0.003838028,0.00004100204,0.000005799605,0.000416687,0.04812031,0.0003498645,0.9362507,0.004071057,0.00642817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003201433,0.0002478826,1.414374e-8,0.002949083,0.00009232238,0.00000170923,0.00008529037,0.8990054,0.0001175391,0.0954827,0.00155514,0.0001428189],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002286084,0.006801729,0.9859665,0.001459112,0.0003821496,0.0007594662,0.0001239487,0.00007229827,0.002148721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8108514,0.01520503,0.1675291,0.004839602,0.0003222864,0.000215449,0.0001946707,0.0002229719,0.0006195455],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.850885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6673787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099505500","doi":"10.1146/annurev.fluid.34.082401.191847","title":"D<scp>YNAMICAL</scp>P<scp>HENOMENA IN</scp>L<scp>IQUID</scp>-C<scp>RYSTALLINE</scp>M<scp>ATERIALS</scp>","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Flow (mathematics); Liquid crystal; Viscoelasticity; Polymer; Mesoscopic physics; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Mechanics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Alejandro D. Rey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Morton M. Denn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02310016150433801,"gpt":0.2860662308218414,"spread":0.2629660693175034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009348521,0.002928373,0.005052345,0.001255847,0.000785981,0.0007834068,0.005870359,0.001310455,0.0004332534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07152383,0.002791897,0.001399043,0.003743198,0.0008232198,0.00364008,0.003734736,0.001992949,0.003636273],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001334747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000908329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000175495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007909758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9749911,0.00250346,0.00606112,0.0041407,0.005917714,0.006385842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.977254,0.009803381,0.002908856,0.00451121,0.00275285,0.002769703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001984043,0.002481932,0.00006903127,0.01239582,0.0004332859,0.0005752974,0.004863745,0.000219574,0.7757831,0.006886916,0.1941069,0.002164564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00386574,0.002984539,0.00009769258,0.008868868,0.0005470316,0.0001663661,0.005642595,0.003774882,0.2199609,0.005834591,0.7478395,0.0004173721],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.8235915,0.1268155,0.005507847,0.0003569557,0.004997713,0.009643092,0.004682317,0.001169336,0.02323569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4052711,0.5070891,0.01153233,0.0084671,0.003613837,0.003685892,0.001970212,0.00207038,0.05630006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5558222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886767111","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045049","title":"Sediment Resuspension and Transport by Internal Solitary Waves","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Geological formations and processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Internal wave; Geology; Sediment transport; Sediment; Reynolds stress; Boundary layer; Oceanography; Scale (ratio); Environmental science; Geophysics; Meteorology; Mechanics; Geomorphology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Leon Boegman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marek Stastna","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01000482982237186,"gpt":0.2368794722879938,"spread":0.2268746424656219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003950995,0.00008509017,0.0001838696,0.00001996167,0.00006335095,0.000004150535,0.0001117917,0.00003705409,0.001600231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005183003,0.00005642656,0.00003702288,0.00009502461,0.00004653007,0.0001689949,0.00001058165,0.00005473977,0.00006030418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000108603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001981321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002053357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000651119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992692,0.00003028205,0.0002726052,0.0001280223,0.0001671786,0.0001326962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996059,0.00003693177,0.00006288186,0.00009699153,0.000119975,0.00007734999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000296497,0.0001800733,0.008777237,0.01360176,0.0001376392,0.00002514315,0.002111784,0.00001170184,0.001508891,0.009813942,0.1366601,0.8268752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006753971,0.00469758,0.01310335,0.008338571,0.0002114107,0.0001441115,0.001035372,0.008065853,0.009994477,0.01533803,0.9376437,0.0007521312],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4273008,0.5454802,0.003568262,0.0035748,0.0008689679,0.0008262245,0.001167201,0.00007814292,0.01713545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8785453,0.1186331,0.0007283613,0.00180031,0.00004377444,6.342767e-7,0.000137114,0.00000155856,0.0001098533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8261231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574790547","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045114","title":"Hydrodynamic Interactions Among Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Liquids","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Viscoelasticity; Rheology; Non-Newtonian fluid; Intuition; Surface tension; Classical mechanics; Drop (telecommunication); Physics; Bubble; Thermodynamics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Roberto Zenit","is_ca":false},{"name":"James J. Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007010944569250942,"gpt":0.2620990329799207,"spread":0.2550880884106698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005347769,0.0002096463,0.0004438576,0.00008509609,0.00009691971,0.00003918451,0.0004001743,0.0000754163,0.0000197129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002851926,0.0002166588,0.00008418188,0.0001241786,0.00006691172,0.0005253027,0.0001650279,0.000232997,0.00002368783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008125623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002219202,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007655771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002998075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986665,0.00003707653,0.0005540152,0.0002351098,0.0001774137,0.0003298602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988555,0.00005525536,0.0001052341,0.0007777016,0.00007981059,0.000126535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079641,0.000862207,0.01005057,0.04201802,0.000768021,0.0003327678,0.005437984,0.01770692,0.4686892,0.05697216,0.006459109,0.3905951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026995,0.000054375,0.002887456,0.004573382,0.00005283331,0.00001324303,0.00007398003,0.9880102,0.001958098,0.0006147259,0.001236871,0.0002548393],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798254,0.01603546,0.002249281,0.0001915971,0.000434884,0.0003887446,0.00005560541,0.00007724337,0.000741768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9354884,0.06332482,0.0009584388,0.00006605295,0.00003274741,0.00004470236,0.000007060072,0.00003935105,0.0000383983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9703034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.883509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3043478881","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060309","title":"Turbulence Processes Within Turbidity Currents","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Geological formations and processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Turbidity current; Geology; Turbulence; Turbidity; Bedform; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Turbidite; Sediment; Flow (mathematics); Geomorphology; Geophysics; Oceanography; Mechanics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Mathew G. Wells","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. M. Dorrell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02951808869589577,"gpt":0.2548900229076203,"spread":0.2253719342117246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002900985,0.0001218112,0.0002801729,0.00001574964,0.00006328643,0.0000121959,0.0003238222,0.00004327408,0.001672486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001326879,0.00008298753,0.00005440318,0.000514036,0.00002258843,0.0003286814,0.00002277808,0.0001135738,0.0003016948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.277433e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001085414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003313391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001487545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998944,0.00004505651,0.0003781359,0.0001830701,0.000288059,0.0001616986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992142,0.0000705471,0.0001599144,0.0001147847,0.0002972138,0.0001433526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002483671,0.0003877566,0.01070782,0.3062131,0.0001826219,0.00004769089,0.007802278,0.004099842,0.0001798795,0.0126418,0.0821353,0.5753536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001160949,0.004979924,0.004238366,0.02693565,0.0005070915,0.0001103308,0.002208554,0.09633935,0.01326605,0.02603324,0.8217083,0.002512245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07986607,0.8905277,0.00614935,0.009518269,0.001198353,0.001603177,0.002094702,0.0002925709,0.008749796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8797337,0.1144738,0.001022229,0.004546888,0.000063286,0.000002280902,0.0001395168,0.000002365847,0.00001593773],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7998677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112689404","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140632","title":"Ice-Sheet Dynamics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Ice sheet; Ice divide; Geology; Ice stream; Current (fluid); Ice-sheet model; Flow (mathematics); Sea ice; Mechanics; Climatology; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Christian Schoof","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ian Hewitt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01763645827643936,"gpt":0.2477116674120364,"spread":0.2300752091355971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004648153,0.0001037419,0.0002515657,0.00001135545,0.00007749028,0.000004318966,0.0001616086,0.00003537898,0.001698521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001886655,0.0000804047,0.00009708849,0.0002749512,0.00001452092,0.0002006891,0.00002095863,0.00006375798,0.000169988],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005401128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002413496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002259179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002163513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991019,0.00003388074,0.0002867499,0.0001028414,0.0002160482,0.0002585565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994028,0.00008594142,0.00009744837,0.000202309,0.0001107105,0.0001007648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002186919,0.0001743798,0.04661117,0.006414247,0.0001719158,0.000004189071,0.0009600701,0.0001407821,0.00002344043,0.07828229,0.1082186,0.7589771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002185867,0.0002703661,0.0546745,0.001967706,0.0002140964,0.000018394,0.00160581,0.02006905,0.00003807559,0.0009103902,0.9195374,0.0004756635],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02005854,0.9533981,0.005562974,0.002076495,0.00235302,0.0007034061,0.001073786,0.00008022693,0.01469344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3653676,0.6198021,0.005904391,0.007361989,0.0004453804,0.000006138999,0.0004912868,0.00001266652,0.0006084209],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8113188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2294659854","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060104","title":"Recent Advances in Understanding of Thermal Expansion Effects in Premixed Turbulent Flames","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office National d'études et de Recherches Aérospatiales; Energimyndigheten; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Scalar (mathematics); Combustion; Turbulent diffusion; Premixed flame; Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mathematics; Combustor; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Vladimir Sabelnikov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei N. Lipatnikov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01029675423455816,"gpt":0.2418941548683134,"spread":0.2315974006337552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003873824,0.0001237699,0.0003513345,0.0001014195,0.000006356572,0.000001407293,0.0001147292,0.0000562095,0.00002762725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001652514,0.00009057482,0.0000596169,0.0002516628,0.00001096176,0.0001621075,0.00003024692,0.00007591912,0.000002823511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001674762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001986385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.88369e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001465099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990514,0.00006211179,0.0004349471,0.0001191121,0.0001698973,0.0001625494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995466,0.0001263847,0.00006584368,0.0001797932,0.00004778779,0.00003360581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004767956,0.0001181143,0.00008457587,0.01804891,0.00002360093,0.00001551993,0.0006584718,0.003163024,0.06687146,0.03761995,0.0002518342,0.8730969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009913318,0.001720213,0.001676867,0.4329409,0.0002599759,0.00003860154,0.002285994,0.2621095,0.1686387,0.02696587,0.09063874,0.002811326],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1121999,0.7886963,0.0954755,0.0005594701,0.0009014352,0.001392025,0.00003413674,0.0001222833,0.000618954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4206207,0.5791669,0.0001359833,0.00003725875,0.000007745869,0.00001088527,0.00000260921,0.00001288075,0.000004978575],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8702855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3693534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158126708","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141413","title":"Particle Transport in Therapeutic Magnetic Fields","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetic nanoparticles; Magnetic field; Materials science; Ferrofluid; Transport phenomena; Microfluidics; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Mechanics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ishwar K. Puri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ranjan Ganguly","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00770357505204328,"gpt":0.2213434322790664,"spread":0.2136398572270231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001132185,0.00008422305,0.0001734322,0.0000243227,0.000008964115,0.000004157706,0.0001233213,0.0000353104,0.0007869596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001380038,0.00007880443,0.00004254921,0.000239836,0.000008463579,0.00009620739,0.00000818516,0.00005523068,0.0001110177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001029642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001030866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001049263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004374291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993201,0.00001445042,0.0003397405,0.00008727561,0.0001001647,0.0001382486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996501,0.00002127133,0.000021255,0.0002052584,0.00005554125,0.00004653759],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007819081,0.0003736056,0.000467654,0.008480718,0.00003284213,0.000004318879,0.0008627574,0.0008109361,0.307654,0.08411407,0.003231707,0.5939596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003815855,0.001304468,0.03783828,0.01235935,0.0003966673,0.00004418039,0.001397525,0.3900243,0.3407414,0.03333776,0.176053,0.002687203],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7385469,0.2272609,0.02478023,0.003422616,0.0002362685,0.002384848,0.00003731597,0.0003446461,0.002986334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737684,0.02535266,0.0001562819,0.0005327135,0.0000101506,0.000104006,0.0000052319,0.00001222622,0.00005834205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5912724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8616655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296564692","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-120720-021813","title":"New Insights into Turbulent Spots","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Boundary layer; Flow separation; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Laminar-turbulent transition; Physics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Xiaohua Wu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00571363916049844,"gpt":0.2147962166682751,"spread":0.2090825775077766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002615601,0.0002130435,0.0004140417,0.00009639903,0.00007823757,0.000007208552,0.0003979718,0.00004267035,0.0006087841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000333387,0.0002091285,0.0001887872,0.0004012208,0.000005035263,0.0001026335,0.0001826768,0.0002336387,0.00004992907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001129438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007272136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002534264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002940152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998567,0.00004514549,0.0004911845,0.0002117416,0.0004517198,0.0002332439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992604,0.00002599572,0.00005941997,0.0004380717,0.00007647877,0.0001396348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003527985,0.0002233356,0.000002400668,0.01627716,0.0003475277,0.0001456321,0.002704973,0.06912353,0.009437671,0.2647179,0.4151887,0.2217959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002612404,0.0001614283,0.000004357593,0.0009629139,0.00006999016,0.00002672981,0.00004831308,0.2188841,0.0006746883,0.003509202,0.7750636,0.0003333775],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01370556,0.9572818,0.02021612,0.001032758,0.002861676,0.001232721,0.00008772503,0.00044686,0.003134819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3343259,0.6528931,0.006484344,0.003984197,0.0003569549,0.0001843327,0.0002716967,0.0002257188,0.001273773],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3598749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8528014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}