{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":45,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":45,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"96c6402c4dcb","filters":{"venue":"Applied Linguistics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2105528074","doi":"10.1093/applin/amq037","title":"A Dynamic System Approach to Willingness to Communicate: Developing an Idiodynamic Method to Capture Rapidly Changing Affect","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":442,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Cape Breton University","keywords":"Willingness to communicate; Affect (linguistics); Psychology; Vocabulary; Anxiety; Variation (astronomy); Consistency (knowledge bases); Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Linguistics; Communication; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Peter D. MacIntyre","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. J. Legatto","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02955012512529046,"gpt":0.311571237699851,"spread":0.2820211125745605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001246809,0.0004390792,0.000552561,0.0003853334,0.000940403,0.0006583362,0.001635132,0.000152643,0.00002373636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002803478,0.0004123161,0.00007720416,0.0003488671,0.0001121317,0.00004585825,0.000581853,0.0006505888,0.0001580934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001640042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001336655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003909672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002478696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977362,0.0001619987,0.0005132365,0.0005580433,0.0003509737,0.0006796086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969715,0.0002743998,0.000163513,0.001845741,0.0004119526,0.0003328171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002877789,0.00006827249,0.00000503461,0.0001636967,0.00004830975,0.000003126024,0.086085,0.001084513,0.001337318,0.9096272,0.0001204207,0.001428319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001373183,0.0002493938,0.0002790632,0.0007370985,0.0004426446,0.00004647175,0.4678042,0.03455851,0.00123232,0.00509575,0.4838437,0.004337639],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08277156,0.0001628449,0.3998208,0.0006393385,0.002737035,0.003519699,0.0002120369,0.001572858,0.5085638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.731434,0.000001519134,0.26633,0.0007901558,0.0005886002,0.0003008639,0.0001351829,0.00009290896,0.0003267693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9045315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951045800","doi":"10.1093/applin/amz033","title":"Confronting Epistemological Racism, Decolonizing Scholarly Knowledge: Race and Gender in Applied Linguistics","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":383,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Racism; Hegemony; Sociology; Scholarship; Essentialism; Gender studies; Feminism; Critical theory; Identity (music); Critical race theory; Epistemology; Political science; Aesthetics; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Ryūko Kubota","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07853630164738279,"gpt":0.4172512422011533,"spread":0.3387149405537705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001681214,0.0002382778,0.0004066115,0.0001694557,0.0004329888,0.0003256168,0.0003237134,0.0003643252,0.0001562781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0138336,0.0002585578,0.0000425164,0.0003648583,0.0002648123,0.00001564599,0.0001345719,0.0006435793,0.0003267544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001853933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005616865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002316942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003358687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997919,0.0001298825,0.0005165435,0.0005001675,0.0003019004,0.0006325581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978477,0.001009414,0.000209003,0.0002897916,0.0003678134,0.0002763127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003240973,0.0001267439,0.01170149,0.00008591629,0.00001461852,0.000004662418,0.04675787,0.00003174846,0.0001261969,0.9344214,0.0004054905,0.006291452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009856104,0.00002009,0.006164554,0.00003056441,0.00003411965,8.276876e-7,0.007803086,0.0004767412,0.00009967151,0.01495066,0.9689267,0.0005073706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1757589,0.0004090772,0.00009190739,0.00007753756,0.002296344,0.0006758219,0.000005268679,0.0001337103,0.8205515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863405,0.00009034022,0.007758285,0.0004782825,0.002595779,0.00002792653,0.00001345887,0.000033713,0.002661768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9685212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996674356","doi":"10.1093/applin/amm041","title":"A Longitudinal Study of ESL Learners' Fluency and Comprehensibility Development","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":338,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Fluency; Psychology; Mandarin Chinese; Language proficiency; Linguistics; Longitudinal study; Disadvantaged; First language; Mathematics education; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Tracey M. Derwing","is_ca":true},{"name":"Murray J. Munro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ron I. Thomson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06163195990006533,"gpt":0.2915984915754579,"spread":0.2299665316753926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067393,0.0001313585,0.0002119069,0.00007132693,0.0003461771,0.00004541966,0.0000875179,0.00003304874,0.00008021007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002670061,0.000120861,0.00001787244,0.00002850662,0.0001436454,0.000006690828,0.00006531893,0.0002608282,0.00001297851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002133977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002715262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002379346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007076492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989887,0.0000234546,0.0003586535,0.0002321024,0.0001947014,0.0002023574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999324,0.0001986005,0.0001165532,0.0001756505,0.0001245926,0.0000606333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000137143,0.001183163,0.1034672,0.0001838075,0.0001533094,0.00002304093,0.4113815,0.00009689564,0.00007000867,0.4676842,0.0001691817,0.01545042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002841949,0.0007700246,0.1939369,0.0001007591,0.0002246529,0.000003426351,0.1717334,0.0001230015,0.0002856305,0.003614999,0.625375,0.0009902687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9027876,0.00005634801,0.0002127111,0.000002402739,0.0002410788,0.0001680834,0.000001064284,0.00006284369,0.09646792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973186,0.000001025252,0.001742337,0.00002821828,0.0004771228,0.000003044744,0.000004661512,0.00001508364,0.0004098864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6252058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4928569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984241715","doi":"10.1093/applin/amq027","title":"The Interview as Collaborative Achievement: Interaction, Identity, and Ideology in a Speech Event","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":302,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"International Research Foundation for English Language Education; Spencer Foundation","keywords":"Ideology; Event (particle physics); Identity (music); Linguistics; Sociology; Media studies; Applied linguistics; Psychology; Art; Political science; Aesthetics; Philosophy; Politics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Steven Talmy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0203420205447193,"gpt":0.319356427082081,"spread":0.2990144065373617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004671519,0.0001267078,0.0001851693,0.00007082262,0.0003440979,0.0002383176,0.0001871946,0.00003128962,0.0003502893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000771165,0.00009058588,0.00003051988,0.00006775789,0.0004804268,0.00002916182,0.0002027635,0.0002897782,0.00008210322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001762073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002582003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002797474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09189653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991729,0.00003657083,0.0002929962,0.0001809477,0.0001416494,0.0001748913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992151,0.000214996,0.0001260916,0.00020027,0.0002147278,0.00002882095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001058748,0.00005053407,0.0001729339,0.00001167872,0.00009597333,0.00001015544,0.01614015,0.00000133324,0.00001881504,0.9773482,0.0009538854,0.005185749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000239262,0.0000461806,0.0001773652,0.00002289159,0.00009394731,0.000001867614,0.03953765,0.00003199611,0.00007918816,0.09723723,0.8623765,0.0001559935],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1281071,0.001177278,0.00006197281,0.001535938,0.004182242,0.0004953516,0.00002258119,0.00005790581,0.8643597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966249,0.0001859527,0.0001280642,0.0004313245,0.001044023,0.00004373929,0.00000759863,0.00001203799,0.001522327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.880111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.924674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168614628","doi":"10.1093/applin/amq045","title":"Theorizing Qualitative Research Interviews in Applied Linguistics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Applied linguistics; Sociology; Linguistics; Qualitative research; Media studies; Philosophy; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Steven Talmy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith Richards","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1579012744256762,"gpt":0.4318989225985329,"spread":0.2739976481728567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005779513,0.0002884958,0.0004099914,0.0003780913,0.0007401681,0.0003423242,0.0005053957,0.0001677515,0.0005599482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01220533,0.0002712538,0.0000711639,0.0001554384,0.0006667688,0.000007092495,0.0001956089,0.003182973,0.0005326498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006247813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009738273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004107242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00171133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973619,0.000291507,0.0006466997,0.0004990395,0.0004940192,0.0007068577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965206,0.002141993,0.0001846331,0.000542985,0.0004698411,0.0001399211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002973233,0.00008955223,0.0000212979,0.00005445169,0.00001511983,0.000007115448,0.2165124,0.00001273001,0.0002771927,0.7788497,0.00145707,0.002673624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000348812,0.00004054486,0.000008881617,0.00005404607,0.00001452622,3.114557e-7,0.05119581,0.0001684305,0.0001587899,0.1110374,0.83666,0.0003124848],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01397333,0.00006058995,0.0001328807,0.00005454332,0.003116957,0.0003479005,0.00001683095,0.0001913802,0.9821056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841985,0.0000101014,0.004071107,0.0002240685,0.009050122,0.00006959314,0.00004521412,0.00008087468,0.002250387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9798552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1903267440","doi":"10.1093/applin/amv047","title":"Using Listener Judgments to Investigate Linguistic Influences on L2 Comprehensibility and Accentedness: A Validation and Generalization Study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Pronunciation; Lexis; Psychology; Phonology; Stress (linguistics); Grammar; Fluency","authors":[{"name":"Kazuya Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Trofimovich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Talia Isaacs","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2071528175147233,"gpt":0.3458270029160574,"spread":0.1386741854013341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000461059,0.0001833769,0.0002075944,0.0001092004,0.000408761,0.0003443695,0.00008008078,0.00004022148,0.000008208684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001734734,0.0001687835,0.0000120613,0.00005491828,0.0001279828,0.00002153499,0.00009121049,0.0001655759,0.000008942871],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004710206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003793062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006823275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001215912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988273,0.0001019862,0.0002919112,0.0003494315,0.0002492811,0.0001801191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991372,0.00009153494,0.0001218671,0.0001870157,0.0002812494,0.000181195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002687368,0.0008009188,0.142028,0.0002359734,0.0001733349,0.00001762968,0.4048916,0.03469801,0.0004970941,0.4133948,0.0006379313,0.002355994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01300286,0.004465073,0.04007474,0.001319261,0.001996114,0.00001384043,0.117853,0.1278377,0.001380064,0.07500104,0.6114244,0.005631837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884316,0.00003488463,0.0001748433,0.00001769686,0.0006672651,0.0003709603,0.000007766431,0.00009361422,0.01020137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968231,0.000001685896,0.00143897,0.0004571288,0.00106905,0.00001117572,0.00002452617,0.00002475693,0.0001495749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6107865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6882792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053111230","doi":"10.1093/applin/amu007","title":"The Effects of Vocabulary Breadth and Depth on English Reading","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Reading (process); Reading comprehension; Linguistics; Vocabulary development; Psychology; Comprehension; Extensive reading; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Miao Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Kirby","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005688002385501329,"gpt":0.2525679381153352,"spread":0.2468799357298339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003954501,0.0001292653,0.0001717907,0.00004387235,0.0001334293,0.00002970954,0.0001346595,0.00007841561,0.000004229915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001977318,0.00009434488,0.0000229695,0.00007252495,0.00008610649,0.000002299435,0.0000358337,0.0001661154,0.00002898471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001352398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001084078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001584884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001548078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991401,0.00005321276,0.0002261675,0.0002202354,0.0001316316,0.0002286772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974903,0.001926812,0.0001040816,0.0003370638,0.00007776859,0.00006396278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008365111,0.00006437398,0.002597867,0.00008771022,0.00008189479,0.000007009494,0.007447448,0.000002732154,0.0001483129,0.8900292,0.005998876,0.09345095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001046792,0.0002575151,0.02871995,0.0001420123,0.00006737487,0.000003544234,0.0003379186,0.00006290636,0.002779684,0.006711688,0.9595702,0.0003003705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1541138,0.0002440916,0.0006910301,0.00002196769,0.004846375,0.0003354141,0.000002502933,0.0001090744,0.8396357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970255,0.00002477325,0.0008933287,0.0002161461,0.0008066992,0.00002708268,0.000006086578,0.00002306591,0.0009773027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9535714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3847273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226034177","doi":"10.1093/applin/amac018","title":"Validating the Short-form Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Discriminant validity; Psychology; Construct validity; Convergent validity; Confirmatory factor analysis; Scale (ratio); Anxiety; Structural equation modeling; Internal consistency; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology; Computer science; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Elouise Botes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lindie van der Westhuizen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Marc Dewaele","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter D. MacIntyre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samuel Greiff","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02320819554192906,"gpt":0.2437798922175199,"spread":0.2205716966755908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000724906,0.0001491155,0.0001478283,0.00004037549,0.002288037,0.0001918817,0.0003327706,0.00002643701,0.001277739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000209919,0.0001169298,0.0000750661,0.00004675172,0.0001122092,0.000009929208,0.0002136735,0.0007701072,0.00004729178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006194944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002990049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001635703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988656,0.00006061281,0.0002353323,0.0002177911,0.0003130531,0.0003076243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993335,0.0001698734,0.00008749674,0.0003186328,0.00004563087,0.00004486016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001146283,0.0000446499,0.000769297,0.00001891347,0.00002754408,0.000003909785,0.08800006,0.0004680997,0.00008840163,0.8942057,0.007014886,0.009347096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001239737,0.00003286611,0.00002738281,0.000005464673,0.00004232859,0.000002902958,0.07877083,0.001117811,0.00008844928,0.005221704,0.9143696,0.000196697],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0795415,0.0000972534,0.0001772526,0.00006413214,0.0008076258,0.00019692,0.00004505783,0.0002503442,0.9188199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903345,0.000002982732,0.0005547814,0.0006454216,0.003175932,0.00005913424,0.00009105229,0.00004339894,0.005092814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9137271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144199766","doi":"10.1093/applin/amm050","title":"Language Policy, Language Teachers' Beliefs, and Classroom Practices","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Newspaper; Language policy; Government (linguistics); Language assessment; Standard English; Language planning; English language; Language education; Public policy; Sociology; Linguistics; Pedagogy; Political science; Psychology; Mathematics education; Media studies; Law; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Thomas S. C. Farrell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03785760837154779,"gpt":0.4641738298307532,"spread":0.4263162214592054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001204381,0.0001232953,0.0001330498,0.0001343829,0.0003729743,0.0001043402,0.0001820221,0.0001528659,0.00009880368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01100853,0.0001278274,0.00002601643,0.000276017,0.0002254995,0.00001785809,0.00004470663,0.0002488923,0.00008594955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009054511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003885153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0172944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005494966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988326,0.00004985659,0.000213267,0.0002157888,0.0002697281,0.0004187394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986352,0.0005645988,0.0002448749,0.0002005219,0.00008407969,0.0002707274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001418414,0.00008555512,0.00158802,0.00001723979,0.00001644727,0.00001084125,0.4191651,6.087261e-7,0.0005883651,0.5255953,0.001988746,0.05092956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002259345,0.00001047812,0.002093825,0.000007076029,0.00001910419,9.033657e-7,0.08577401,0.000004460655,0.0004710983,0.0007762778,0.910435,0.0001818668],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1629105,0.0003786042,0.00008465958,0.0009127244,0.0005194685,0.0002238835,0.00001003223,0.0001667869,0.8347934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791377,0.00008572748,0.003625422,0.00159758,0.008251817,0.000004661636,0.00001482395,0.00001986724,0.007262384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9084462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984041204","doi":"10.1093/applin/amu028","title":"Event-related Potentials (ERPs) in Second Language Research: A Brief Introduction to the Technique, a Selected Review, and an Invitation to Reconsider Critical Periods in L2","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Psychology; Event (particle physics); Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Event-related potential; Applied linguistics; Cognitive science; Philosophy; Cognition; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Karsten Steinhauer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03217013255909922,"gpt":0.3784008498048871,"spread":0.3462307172457879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002353724,0.0001454289,0.0002588915,0.0002865478,0.000137892,0.00005754787,0.0002118313,0.0001235819,0.00008264699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04373568,0.0001220716,0.00001623506,0.001029974,0.0001612397,0.00002495781,0.0001114121,0.000571126,0.00002897269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003949235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005204211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006774542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005418711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976131,0.000765372,0.0004277906,0.0006303727,0.0001809835,0.0003823291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998421,0.0008540876,0.00005019324,0.0003878314,0.0001728738,0.0001139786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008638744,0.0001638081,0.00005230214,0.0002013971,0.000003243505,0.0001336364,0.006181281,0.00002732369,0.9713657,0.009764661,0.008543282,0.003476903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002172268,0.001998075,0.002842213,0.0008814994,0.0001346467,0.0007772664,0.002534174,0.0006583555,0.7137725,0.02547912,0.2469728,0.001777123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808659,0.0004211081,0.0004200059,0.01158687,0.0005381093,0.003152712,0.00003142803,0.0001431926,0.002840701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898677,0.00003837837,0.001473479,0.007745469,0.0005474132,0.0001729003,0.0000130433,0.00002348602,0.0001181597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2575933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9643193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897513354","doi":"10.1093/applin/amy046","title":"The Onto-Epistemologies of New Materialism: Implications for Applied Linguistics Pedagogies and Research","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Materialism; Epistemology; Sociology; Applied linguistics; Perspective (graphical); Relation (database); Ontology; Linguistics; Philosophy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Kelleen Toohey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1503259181076486,"gpt":0.4032513701474013,"spread":0.2529254520397526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007292137,0.0001880995,0.0003288836,0.00009745563,0.001522467,0.0003366105,0.0004225361,0.00006448949,0.00004530331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00517349,0.0001341335,0.00005675588,0.00007460727,0.002667713,0.000005321794,0.0002768305,0.0001283181,0.00001738862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002681993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001089058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000303672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001291612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985735,0.00002417709,0.0004522353,0.0003040599,0.0002296228,0.0004164182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966213,0.001165518,0.0002025274,0.0005667941,0.001384787,0.00005913409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005812222,0.00002499802,0.00002384957,0.00005477357,0.000129875,1.871398e-7,0.01449308,0.000001173677,0.0001280046,0.9530779,0.02909767,0.002910441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002016343,0.0000930068,0.00008208901,0.0000140807,0.0001365732,1.844355e-7,0.01887013,0.000007988873,0.0007458809,0.2137879,0.7659116,0.0001488628],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004353515,0.0009542223,0.0003961333,0.0005780566,0.002182827,0.0009307194,0.0002415421,0.0001492335,0.9902138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817116,0.0001413518,0.003198476,0.00007536414,0.009841673,0.0001223538,0.0000308505,0.00003580857,0.004842486],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9853713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327912690","doi":"10.1093/applin/amv023","title":"Corpus Approaches to Language Ideology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Linguistics; Corpus linguistics; Collocation (remote sensing); Metalanguage; Identification (biology); Newspaper; Sociology; Applied linguistics; Computer science; Political science; Politics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Rachelle Vessey","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3330288234332244,"gpt":0.4486757559875884,"spread":0.115646932554364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004755412,0.00007602253,0.0001103254,0.00006173046,0.0001313392,0.00003557665,0.0002001485,0.00008601391,0.00006768578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004600533,0.00007924448,0.00001836499,0.0002042878,0.0001178965,0.000003873003,0.00003846914,0.00009541472,0.0006296203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006846745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004142669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00198767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008770293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992151,0.00004434862,0.0001343969,0.0001552239,0.0001881801,0.0002627416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992046,0.0001125986,0.0000445495,0.0001700502,0.00009265207,0.0003755305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009717294,0.00003467829,0.0003180537,0.000002899059,0.000004044167,0.000001691781,0.1092054,0.00003328669,0.00001143684,0.8757142,0.007309191,0.007355485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000132337,0.00001146371,0.0001051889,0.000001556781,0.000007068254,2.320146e-7,0.01428122,0.0000211671,0.0001497725,0.005325118,0.9798529,0.0001119405],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02697645,0.00005030081,0.0002515479,0.0009788825,0.001508588,0.000217248,0.000004957575,0.0001203208,0.9698917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827092,0.000002893825,0.005580707,0.00205772,0.003599753,0.00002006629,0.00001060764,0.00001168577,0.006007362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9725438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8092705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970674470","doi":"10.1093/applin/amr037","title":"Sentence Reading and Writing for Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Concreteness; Recall; Vocabulary; Reading (process); Psychology; Linguistics; Sentence; Cued recall; Vocabulary development; Age of Acquisition; Cognitive psychology; Free recall; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"François Pichette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda de Serres","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc Lafontaine","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02632717876543721,"gpt":0.3006823275220347,"spread":0.2743551487565975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003104283,0.000141173,0.0001620245,0.00008466117,0.0001505494,0.00003089053,0.00009489639,0.0001162311,0.008138831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001552457,0.0001536039,0.00003772396,0.00007417174,0.00005841817,0.00001238761,0.00003523207,0.0001674035,0.00009132805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001446112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009051989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002443646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002015806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990456,0.00002695398,0.0002388678,0.0003186758,0.00007215346,0.0002977858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992987,0.0002042338,0.000111406,0.0002274737,0.00006990103,0.000088313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005416819,0.0002522344,0.00328633,0.0002988084,0.0002674185,0.0004697322,0.1392479,0.000002793734,0.01900256,0.7886124,0.006871795,0.0411464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0208533,0.001774895,0.1432374,0.0007772773,0.001286005,0.001064515,0.5493455,0.002023786,0.05690062,0.03149946,0.1844829,0.006754315],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.514353,0.001828374,0.009858109,0.00001199154,0.001120537,0.0005268921,0.00005495352,0.0003017262,0.4719445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856165,0.000001657445,0.009395821,0.003132277,0.001055568,0.00005445517,0.00007412097,0.0000378277,0.0006317471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7571129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2989800691","doi":"10.1093/applin/amz051","title":"How Much Knowledge of Derived Words Is Needed for Reading?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Lexis; Prefix; Linguistics; Variety (cybernetics); Word (group theory); Computer science; Reading (process); Lexical analysis; Vocabulary; Root (linguistics); Lexical item; Reading comprehension; Narrative; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Batia Laufer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tom Cobb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0182697055825244,"gpt":0.3103726023983143,"spread":0.2921028968157899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001823255,0.0001479325,0.0002749614,0.0001065072,0.00005170772,0.00002935115,0.0001759813,0.00016243,0.006438858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003689507,0.0001516289,0.000087008,0.0001462428,0.00004366932,0.000005499251,0.00003187257,0.0001596285,0.0003345212],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001915673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000271193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001865451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001158472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991176,0.00002290375,0.0002233421,0.0002841032,0.00007333443,0.0002786779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988491,0.0003393138,0.0001640297,0.000399204,0.0001807292,0.00006764528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005287493,0.0003663996,0.0004754519,0.0003427421,0.0003837936,0.000008929639,0.07189067,0.000005617441,0.033065,0.8194236,0.056562,0.01694703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003520295,0.0002227778,0.0004918249,0.00004626867,0.0001213533,0.000005020704,0.05057404,0.0002807517,0.02376108,0.00295654,0.917503,0.0005170329],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.343715,0.00113395,0.005094934,0.0001592189,0.003522246,0.0009272334,0.00005716736,0.0001737663,0.6452165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816254,0.000001387688,0.002983072,0.002173505,0.0009209849,0.00004302129,0.00005412387,0.00004392826,0.0121546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.860941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905661106","doi":"10.1093/applin/amy053","title":"Which Features of Accent affect Understanding? Exploring the Intelligibility Threshold of Diverse Accent Varieties","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Educational Testing Service","keywords":"Intelligibility (philosophy); Active listening; Fluency; Psychology; Linguistics; English as a lingua franca; Stress (linguistics); Exploratory research; Lingua franca; Communication; Sociology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Okim Kang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ron I. Thomson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Meghan Moran","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1718015611088994,"gpt":0.3792852386284658,"spread":0.2074836775195664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007496459,0.0001734138,0.0003031245,0.00009534336,0.0001668193,0.00002219087,0.0005805115,0.0001384952,0.0002913848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006754574,0.0001279746,0.00006908445,0.0003493775,0.0008541542,0.000006887082,0.0003544383,0.000422887,0.00003439818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006683934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006358515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002221422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002474748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985715,0.00007318919,0.0003460939,0.0003247829,0.0003047671,0.0003796307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979848,0.000632987,0.0001647,0.0008003947,0.0003468629,0.00007027762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008307604,0.0003025891,0.01003301,0.0001337886,0.0003226685,0.000003229074,0.02019734,0.00002485479,0.001331952,0.9611608,0.004676123,0.0009828993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003019098,0.0020657,0.3955481,0.00019243,0.0005167604,0.00001066116,0.02907173,0.0002103266,0.136713,0.4143302,0.01722603,0.001095907],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6690561,0.0003337504,0.002728582,0.0001198867,0.004807723,0.0008122628,0.0000589316,0.00006342299,0.3220193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989508,0.00009092774,0.000178492,0.00004698888,0.0005552226,0.000031041,0.000006474494,0.00002124322,0.0001187442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5468305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5218652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765824529","doi":"10.1093/applin/amx031","title":"Tracking Microgenetic Changes in Authorial Voice Development from a Complexity Theory Perspective","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Linguistics; Tracking (education); Computer science; Pedagogy; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Gary G. Fogal","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06448814128428905,"gpt":0.3474035668970316,"spread":0.2829154256127426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004805495,0.00009847798,0.0001353523,0.00002399027,0.001036511,0.0001508128,0.0003210338,0.0001163505,0.00007644924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002019425,0.00009271749,0.00002149037,0.00004587361,0.0002752252,0.00001364698,0.00007113615,0.000150655,0.00005239663],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002128845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001384134,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007381278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0487288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991243,0.00006807578,0.000123475,0.0002262,0.0002048505,0.0002531278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993916,0.0001010674,0.0001216705,0.0001797245,0.0001422963,0.00006363817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005503641,0.00005525349,0.0009264128,0.000004566135,0.00002548904,0.0000132597,0.1334722,0.000001698353,0.001297675,0.8548257,0.00008127023,0.009241371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001678734,0.00003165268,0.1032075,0.0001121166,0.0001037957,4.443008e-7,0.1251266,0.00003733587,0.01059494,0.4827079,0.2754479,0.000951056],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6759379,0.0007193378,0.000522818,0.0007141099,0.003148422,0.0007765414,0.00004002796,0.0001601374,0.3179807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933231,0.00001872826,0.003385348,0.00007872091,0.002934108,0.00001545046,0.00001240203,0.000008118208,0.0002239483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3721178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161768711","doi":"10.1093/applin/amab072","title":"The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgements in Racially Diverse and Non-diverse Groups","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Psychology; Intelligibility (philosophy); Ideology; Linguistics; Speech perception; Coping (psychology); British English; Social psychology; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Ethan Kutlu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehrgol Tiv","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stefanie Wulff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Debra Titone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02376291712988912,"gpt":0.3365024720604617,"spread":0.3127395549305726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004924134,0.00008731677,0.0001445152,0.00004498138,0.0003080764,0.00005175957,0.00009530628,0.00008920168,0.00007562857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003609223,0.00007300691,0.00002653728,0.0001551507,0.0002111749,0.000008795448,0.00009393677,0.0001171217,0.000009970392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008557443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001547871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001247956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001001726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991788,0.00007148231,0.0001821715,0.0001876002,0.0001894563,0.000190434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991843,0.0003019423,0.0001033621,0.0001221248,0.0002163631,0.00007195228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000612967,0.0006993443,0.1618738,0.00006066482,0.000168828,0.0002067527,0.07576323,0.0001543164,0.002864603,0.7172829,0.003729016,0.03658359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006222378,0.0002757644,0.8302923,0.00008737021,0.0001907542,0.00000461527,0.0815019,0.001023827,0.0003445492,0.02295133,0.05635934,0.0007458556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9403654,0.000015568,0.0001227065,0.00009649643,0.001073216,0.0002522767,0.00001966145,0.00001561948,0.05803902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984804,0.0003335426,0.0004914583,0.00008160445,0.0004068715,0.000003651075,0.00001222341,0.000006195581,0.0001840134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6943316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4320837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004443852","doi":"10.1093/applin/ams059","title":"‘Use the active voice whenever possible’: The Impact of Style Guidelines in Medical Journals","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College","funders":"","keywords":"Passive voice; Style (visual arts); Set (abstract data type); Sentence; Linguistics; Psychology; Formative assessment; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education; History","authors":[{"name":"Neil Millar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian Budgell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07073414531844693,"gpt":0.3731005163107903,"spread":0.3023663709923433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001019354,0.0001698423,0.0002890023,0.00007957425,0.0002678425,0.0001130138,0.0003957703,0.00005036706,0.001526561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004473369,0.00007714368,0.0001525702,0.00009857951,0.0005340828,0.00004613456,0.000145211,0.0003102087,0.00003478262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003844841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000819899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002119517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001716215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984775,0.00006567487,0.0004966386,0.0001118987,0.0005180362,0.0003302282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998116,0.0007343619,0.0002576946,0.0003451892,0.00047718,0.00006959697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001072967,0.0004538906,0.005848314,0.00002485133,0.001671157,0.00001485667,0.1796334,0.0004415544,0.00004097516,0.7272574,0.06811196,0.01639437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001639583,0.0001831095,0.04028047,0.0004228848,0.001561675,0.00001490114,0.1829155,0.001687831,0.0004777015,0.02053988,0.7490275,0.001248962],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2501972,0.005861542,0.00009258592,0.001474194,0.001882346,0.0005964436,0.0001822799,0.00006331183,0.7396501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993557,0.0001586601,0.00008931604,0.0004639687,0.004765175,0.00001441442,0.000004924147,0.0000191038,0.0009274147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7433598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118117777","doi":"10.1093/applin/amu019","title":"Deconstructing Accounts of Intimate Partner Violence: Doing Interviews, Identities, and Neoliberalism","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Wilfrid Laurier University","keywords":"Ideology; Sociology; Neoliberalism (international relations); Reflexivity; Discursive psychology; Critical discourse analysis; Identity (music); Individualism; Gender studies; Discourse analysis; Narrative; Social constructionism; Social psychology; Criminology; Psychology; Politics; Social science; Political science; Law; Aesthetics","authors":[{"name":"Debra Langan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stacey Hannem","is_ca":true},{"name":"Catherine Stewart","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01725423546571681,"gpt":0.3095447460284631,"spread":0.2922905105627463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009656777,0.000143604,0.0002730273,0.00007360544,0.0003331902,0.000104311,0.0002604645,0.0001076232,0.00006316607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000621956,0.0001469517,0.00004052896,0.0001264603,0.0005380271,0.00003676136,0.0001334697,0.0001541441,0.00002700917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003022129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000593561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005585162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003044339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986574,0.00006796748,0.0004053949,0.0002436421,0.0002698386,0.0003557495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990841,0.0002125295,0.000216798,0.0001939247,0.0001957678,0.0000968487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006418734,0.00001213867,0.001751539,0.00007987838,0.00001203465,9.730096e-7,0.004835131,0.00001231336,0.0001392086,0.9714354,0.0001768838,0.02153813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001668892,0.0000935909,0.007627206,0.001625626,0.0002806026,0.00001028932,0.01763633,0.003372659,0.005933611,0.6748635,0.2851827,0.001704974],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1334738,0.0002399126,0.003129412,0.00001300066,0.001472884,0.0002529484,0.00001267244,0.0001081623,0.8612972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909869,0.0003445481,0.00758648,0.0003019063,0.0006605821,0.0000106673,0.000004746656,0.00001612518,0.00008806351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8612092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5992516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382813539","doi":"10.1093/applin/amac044","title":"Open Access Academic Lectures as Sources for Incidental Vocabulary Learning: Examining the Role of Input Mode, Frequency, Type of Vocabulary, and Elaboration","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Elaboration; Active listening; Reading (process); Psychology; Vocabulary development; Meaning (existential); Control (management); Vocabulary learning; Nonverbal communication; Mathematics education; Recall; Cognitive psychology; Multimedia; Linguistics; Computer science; Teaching method; Communication; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Thi Ngoc Yen Dang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cailing Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Webb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04276136549808947,"gpt":0.3861457387292533,"spread":0.3433843732311639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006266317,0.0001318289,0.000233967,0.0001111832,0.0003271691,0.00006316505,0.0007391133,0.0001060115,0.001782727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008560134,0.0001208413,0.00002583344,0.0002700209,0.0001011322,0.00003077138,0.000581211,0.0005524028,0.000004033905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000227748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009412869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004274555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007083031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988237,0.0001576466,0.0003644883,0.0002748346,0.0001960744,0.00018328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998741,0.0004535817,0.0004096391,0.0002269493,0.0001286446,0.00004012484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002535326,0.0003691593,0.0672076,0.0002000455,0.0007895394,0.00004073447,0.1515693,0.02245055,0.09849621,0.6123294,0.00312256,0.04088967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009435532,0.004419462,0.05766794,0.0001504801,0.001134103,0.0002040331,0.2751078,0.01082973,0.06060088,0.130528,0.4475842,0.00233781],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9617504,0.005077607,0.0004157301,0.00003068895,0.0003814187,0.0006230299,0.00002897992,0.00003706843,0.03165509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997743,0.00001371335,0.000420841,0.001011595,0.0003067471,0.0001045474,0.0001605989,0.00003453543,0.0002043971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4818013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206718962","doi":"10.1093/applin/amab033","title":"Transformative Pedagogies for English Teaching: Teachers and Students Building Social Justice Together","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Pedagogy; Ethnography; Social justice; Sociology; Focus group; Mathematics education; Psychology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Yecid Ortega","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09141734265921611,"gpt":0.4322733345811594,"spread":0.3408559919219433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008361486,0.0001345874,0.0002210329,0.00003954586,0.001547068,0.0001465672,0.0001944272,0.0001558748,0.00001682106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00751604,0.000151512,0.00005944335,0.00009065706,0.0002433477,0.00001937536,0.00003277524,0.0003307587,0.000002293656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000144655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003603455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009653287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001056039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987406,0.00009222318,0.0002134876,0.0002598246,0.0003264561,0.0003674194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987611,0.0006683404,0.00007515597,0.00008400226,0.0002520661,0.0001593675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001193565,0.00008159578,0.0002064965,0.00003872415,0.00003433291,0.000001414019,0.4709165,0.000002232138,0.00003804118,0.5193799,0.004804305,0.004484448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003496272,0.00001696629,0.00005894233,0.000007801149,0.0001434905,1.149436e-7,0.2518422,0.000003204389,0.00003297289,0.004860432,0.7425194,0.0001648435],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1318291,0.0004919788,0.006148876,0.001386108,0.006176016,0.0006158912,0.00005556441,0.0004360471,0.8528605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823649,0.00003727639,0.01011151,0.0004540412,0.005394521,0.00003736783,0.00001054224,0.00002534324,0.001564474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8512959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285185832","doi":"10.1093/applin/amac025","title":"Evaluating Bilingual Children’s Native Language Abilities in Côte d’Ivoire: Introducing the Ivorian Children’s Language Assessment Toolkit for Attié, Abidji, and Baoulé","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Language assessment; Psychology; Vocabulary; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Mathematics education; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Kaja Kinga Jasińska","is_ca":true},{"name":"Blahoua Axel Debaye Seri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin D. Zinszer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rodrigue Yoffo Agui-Kouadio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kelsey Mulford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erin Curran","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary‐Claire Ball","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fabrice Tanoh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01821071717102397,"gpt":0.3652444399685767,"spread":0.3470337227975527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002827391,0.0003204715,0.0003925265,0.0001897422,0.0006248182,0.0001128321,0.0003863789,0.00008547496,0.000258888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001431414,0.0002783611,0.00007465552,0.0002777699,0.0001297185,0.00001478876,0.000299853,0.0007280214,0.000005204838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003312036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002266304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007762008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008958892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972718,0.000296993,0.0006437225,0.0007781846,0.0004354092,0.0005739093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976459,0.001351675,0.000256041,0.0005816553,0.00008914349,0.00007555999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000456105,0.0007507402,0.09687037,0.0001172693,0.0006790178,0.00004119286,0.5159203,0.00257947,0.0008078341,0.2891774,0.002533207,0.09006701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01323728,0.001564644,0.7128368,0.0001975795,0.0006004029,0.0002021075,0.2118577,0.004630316,0.001097553,0.01472731,0.03569426,0.00335402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854382,0.0006011557,0.000157781,0.0002166725,0.001442839,0.001599538,0.0002238564,0.000105118,0.01021482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880977,0.000005408042,0.007697566,0.0004833356,0.001685917,0.0008728914,0.0003756095,0.00005565732,0.0007259512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6159664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202322444","doi":"10.1093/applin/amab044","title":"Affordances of Plurilingual Instruction in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study with a Quasi-experiment in an English Language Program","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Affordance; Psychology; Mathematics education; Applied linguistics; Competence (human resources); Empathy; Pedagogy; Multilingualism; English language; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Angelica Galante","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02911867225170593,"gpt":0.3450316386752196,"spread":0.3159129664235136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003382862,0.0001371221,0.0002497384,0.0001256806,0.00006923296,0.00009225827,0.00009234174,0.00003571714,0.000316539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001774875,0.0001231993,0.00002127341,0.0001163753,0.0000699927,0.00002349784,0.00002855689,0.0002623121,8.699819e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004049761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001343146,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009157131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006307338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989606,0.0001622597,0.0003024024,0.0002655167,0.0001416516,0.0001675955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993864,0.00008877642,0.0001187066,0.0002229763,0.0001462852,0.0000369118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022536,0.004109915,0.004443855,0.00008463865,0.00004136893,0.00004134381,0.6814458,0.00009143547,0.00009920375,0.1676691,0.000008396215,0.1418627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001487888,0.0007364752,0.002080093,0.00009099283,0.00004344271,0.000001542032,0.9589521,0.00008963392,0.00113649,0.0003009777,0.03477528,0.000305096],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610091,0.0003419889,0.000009392191,0.000004856711,0.001088058,0.0003044959,0.000002374034,0.00007611093,0.03716364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783819,0.000001008849,0.01956525,0.00004141648,0.001408973,0.0001277835,0.00004305444,0.00002276467,0.000407885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2775063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5023919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400554150","doi":"10.1093/applin/amv028","title":"Explicit and Implicit Learning: Exploring Their Simultaneity and Immediate Effectiveness","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Simultaneity; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Philippa Bell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09035329244016282,"gpt":0.2584617841237823,"spread":0.1681084916836195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007131773,0.0002175764,0.0002746444,0.00006871525,0.0004091968,0.0001933569,0.00008724948,0.00005526975,0.00001236296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001275398,0.0001895536,0.00002472989,0.00002904065,0.0001401098,0.00003134956,0.0001146107,0.0004853146,0.0000215304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002749379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002830374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000195738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002291619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989916,0.00008943106,0.000186409,0.0003098751,0.0001344313,0.0002882592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987739,0.0006883611,0.00008833267,0.0001458917,0.000123081,0.0001804806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001364518,0.00005580091,0.005687194,0.0002025554,0.00008301589,0.00001482618,0.1653359,0.0006994641,0.0003826739,0.8135034,0.0001726425,0.01372614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001463585,0.0002461366,0.001300226,0.0001017163,0.00007844341,0.000005109972,0.03741157,0.001988197,0.0005213312,0.01267923,0.9435319,0.0006725257],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9190224,0.0003139866,0.0001973301,0.00001908394,0.0005921356,0.0001755928,0.000006358855,0.0002446889,0.07942835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975579,0.00004647342,0.0001025495,0.00005915187,0.001804005,0.00003978365,0.00001380988,0.0000442015,0.0003321239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9433593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.772977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736691871","doi":"10.1093/applin/amx018","title":"Reproductions of Chinese Transnationalism: Ambivalent Identities in Study Abroad","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transnationalism; Internationalization; Sociology; Study abroad; Ideology; Internationalization of Higher Education; Gender studies; Ambivalence; Applied linguistics; Mobilities; Multilingualism; Pedagogy; Discourse analysis; Higher education; Political science; Linguistics; Social science; Psychology; Politics; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Tim Anderson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03723250292410815,"gpt":0.3981298019229136,"spread":0.3608972989988054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006486786,0.00007053845,0.0001360989,0.00007492433,0.0005064122,0.00007151141,0.0003957551,0.00003949942,0.00008693257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001336033,0.00007064199,0.00003778098,0.00004843318,0.0001745464,0.00002533362,0.00004682549,0.00008232054,0.00001032934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000495713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004483138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003461482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01075415,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989902,0.00002590055,0.0002378317,0.0001743948,0.0004501883,0.0001214838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993148,0.00006909388,0.0001542054,0.0002359371,0.0002002918,0.00002566142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003176415,0.0005829154,0.1330726,0.00001458998,0.0000493304,0.000006677031,0.1619764,0.00006326826,0.00002867531,0.7037343,0.0002022325,0.0002371989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001832105,0.00007592429,0.6394318,0.00002224478,0.00005258097,1.800858e-7,0.1378294,0.00001647275,0.0001145542,0.1910898,0.02916276,0.0003721491],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8057846,0.00004335003,0.000009396715,0.0003523633,0.00116269,0.0002534624,0.000007941579,0.00001760563,0.1923686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972371,0.0001256354,0.00009587873,0.000008417122,0.001280867,0.00001569684,0.00000489793,0.000006434823,0.001225014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5126445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6001067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388515796","doi":"10.1093/applin/amad071","title":"Emotional, Attitudinal, and Sociobiographical Sources of Flow in Online and In-Person EFL Classrooms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Boredom; Psychology; Foreign language anxiety; Anxiety; Foreign language; Social psychology; Class (philosophy); Mood; Nationality; Immigration; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Jean‐Marc Dewaele","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter D. MacIntyre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Iman Kamal Ahmed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alfaf Albakistani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02239165159452356,"gpt":0.2761649416672911,"spread":0.2537732900727676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002585583,0.0001028839,0.0002020762,0.0003013757,0.000046067,0.00003233353,0.0001636239,0.00008326879,0.000001287283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002859988,0.000102048,0.00002371834,0.0007196888,0.000126181,0.00001060077,0.0001212738,0.0002464261,0.000002846879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001015655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003170183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002109802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004620544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991524,0.00001997276,0.0002071793,0.0002670971,0.000160478,0.0001929334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994877,0.0002144007,0.00006077165,0.0001423314,0.00004320603,0.00005159787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002950893,0.0004886718,0.7010517,0.0003525994,0.00005671463,0.0001289227,0.003266232,0.008275175,0.0003012691,0.2657071,0.0005469604,0.01979518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001019308,0.00009635387,0.3239907,0.0001483195,0.00001894902,0.000005324856,0.0007638625,0.6496871,0.00003070547,0.02104337,0.00288453,0.0003114787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996369,0.0001922337,0.001619411,0.001042212,0.0001305529,0.00007675536,0.00001223825,0.00008441354,0.0004731725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979454,0.0001960634,0.02007565,0.0000613767,0.0001523475,0.000001645023,0.00001351876,0.000007530526,0.00003784168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6414119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4161397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212893992","doi":"10.1093/applin/amab074","title":"Effects of Classroom Instruction on the Development of L2 Interactional Resource for Joint Stance Taking: Use of Japanese Interactional Particle<i>Yo</i>in Spontaneous Peer Conversation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Conversation analysis; Conversation; Pragmatics; Competence (human resources); Joint attention; Intersubjectivity; Linguistics; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Communication; Developmental psychology; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Saori Hoshi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05487984269722614,"gpt":0.2585932910183474,"spread":0.2037134483211212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003306596,0.0001013851,0.0001867901,0.00005808162,0.0001126153,0.00002962749,0.00005632229,0.00003792024,0.0000773939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002829776,0.00008731715,0.00005152918,0.00004008527,0.00008871496,0.00001935918,0.00002398581,0.0002243926,0.000002192843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007811504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007559723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005044917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001661687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989362,0.00006398049,0.000461595,0.0001503123,0.0002766316,0.0001112872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975038,0.001519778,0.0004349499,0.0001118645,0.0004103841,0.00001917903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001269011,0.0006000943,0.0003093225,0.0006528376,0.0001992524,0.00001615947,0.2638136,0.004100313,0.02241698,0.6995577,0.0005567379,0.006508031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003268539,0.000369099,0.004130325,0.001418479,0.0001547825,0.00002592286,0.08943267,0.009128574,0.2568168,0.00315065,0.6314876,0.0006165301],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945487,0.00001410524,0.0004868409,0.0000976005,0.0006870514,0.0002092302,0.00001677042,0.00001529975,0.003924442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963674,0.000001359635,0.002651774,0.00007516286,0.0003138997,0.00002079599,0.00005049453,0.00001438667,0.0005047147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.696407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.356069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322718550","doi":"10.1093/applin/amac079","title":"‘Rising Number of Homeless is the Legacy of Tory Failure’: Discoursal Changes and Transitivity Patterns in the Representation of Homelessness in <i>The Guardian</i> and <i>Daily Mail</i> from 2000 to 2018","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Homelessness and Social Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Guardian; Transitive relation; Representation (politics); Critical discourse analysis; Sociology; Inequality; Discourse analysis; Narrative; Social representation; Linguistics; Systemic functional linguistics; Psychology; Social psychology; Social science; Political science; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Eva María Gómez-Jiménez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leanne Bartley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03607254850235617,"gpt":0.3723645841694017,"spread":0.3362920356670455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001198976,0.0001483204,0.0006002896,0.00007599281,0.0002044029,0.00002518315,0.0002463523,0.0001389787,0.0000121526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001866701,0.00009504876,0.00003551243,0.0005564915,0.0002068258,0.00002478035,0.00008333444,0.0003306438,0.000002860043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002194301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008012897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01383017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0415333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981883,0.0004630976,0.0004856488,0.0002362654,0.0003397061,0.0002870166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973167,0.001970498,0.0002378472,0.0003417714,0.00009882116,0.00003440635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009970042,0.00009879343,0.2558185,0.0005120877,0.00003102243,0.000008592396,0.7319263,0.00001698873,0.000611007,0.005228288,0.0001834394,0.005465325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000792107,0.0000252565,0.3592841,0.0003246966,0.00006919428,9.615912e-8,0.6345557,0.00004278221,0.000832756,0.002742893,0.001173623,0.0001567897],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968045,0.0001203193,0.0001027776,0.001044224,0.0001780512,0.0007564026,0.0003372795,0.00001017341,0.000646274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989086,0.0002591641,0.00006167362,0.0002237846,0.0003745871,0.000108731,0.00003584395,0.00002040085,0.000007188043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1034656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996663790","doi":"10.1093/applin/amz057","title":"Announced but Not Enacted: Anti-Racist German Studies as Process","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"German; Applied linguistics; Diversity (politics); Sociology; Linguistics; Discipline; Field (mathematics); Political science; Media studies; Social science; Anthropology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Andrea Dawn Bryant","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nichole Neuman","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Gramling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ervin Malakaj","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02807702037900626,"gpt":0.3025150397804158,"spread":0.2744380194014095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002198884,0.0002277058,0.0003359412,0.00008525326,0.0004013184,0.0002004127,0.0002067414,0.0000639382,0.0009799106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007027927,0.0001968841,0.00005611239,0.00003793219,0.0001465667,0.00002443122,0.00005415035,0.0004138318,0.001300575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003238813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004538085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002173951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006950751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987808,0.0000219692,0.0002760815,0.0003321994,0.0002562945,0.0003326188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990059,0.0002080624,0.0001600902,0.0003016665,0.0002629427,0.00006137518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005455655,0.0001082408,0.0003370653,0.0003817755,0.0002391176,0.00005159733,0.1688679,0.000103555,0.0007779712,0.8232856,0.001891604,0.003901107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007628819,0.0001060871,0.0001106354,0.00009859623,0.0001051155,0.000006001483,0.05598389,0.0001527837,0.001294313,0.002983083,0.9377322,0.0006644599],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6279839,0.0001649871,0.000002755006,0.00002732518,0.001211212,0.00014826,0.000017941,0.0002019631,0.3702416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978449,0.00001245183,0.00008086033,0.001160841,0.002854007,0.0000161167,0.00005885725,0.00004448944,0.01732335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400523982","doi":"10.1093/applin/amae042","title":"Accent Bias in Professional Evaluations: A Conceptual Replication Study in Brazil","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Prestige; Portuguese; Linguistics; Brazilian Portuguese; Stress (linguistics); Competence (human resources); Social psychology; Cognitive psychology","authors":[{"name":"Cesar Teló","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rosane Silveira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana Flávia Boeing Marcelino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary Grantham O’Brien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1700173193741605,"gpt":0.4285208444743969,"spread":0.2585035251002363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008092503,0.0001330709,0.0001593392,0.0001952661,0.0001232495,0.0002383749,0.0002674153,0.00004425059,0.0005352126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007477478,0.0001163209,0.00002488878,0.0001468953,0.0001842219,0.00003933336,0.00009905259,0.0003087296,0.0001453467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001065074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002480873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000240225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00358881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986435,0.0001086069,0.0004580505,0.0003248407,0.0002947583,0.0001703011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998777,0.0003868201,0.00007514431,0.0005933942,0.0001394387,0.00002816689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001366072,0.0003615797,0.0008270902,0.00002051027,0.00001441983,0.000007175616,0.09430655,0.00005915366,0.00001390678,0.9009889,0.00148217,0.001904922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001804048,0.0001336943,0.01259283,0.000347076,0.0000938022,0.000001230014,0.3613261,0.002909651,0.00009391957,0.07760475,0.5424425,0.0006503556],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4702253,0.001200794,0.00003310713,0.0005414907,0.002267294,0.002203151,0.00005903866,0.0003230427,0.5231468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961142,0.00001711869,0.0001313419,0.0001504158,0.0006369075,0.0004122583,0.0001083303,0.00002278905,0.002406645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8233841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5860203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226253185","doi":"10.1093/applin/amab071","title":"Emotion Word Development in Bilingual Children Living in Majority and Minority Contexts","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Lexicon; Interpersonal communication; Valence (chemistry); Emotional valence; Developmental psychology; Language development; Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Social psychology; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"Sunyoung Ahn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles B. Chang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01043504482636394,"gpt":0.2677410001570026,"spread":0.2573059553306387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003584387,0.0001596983,0.0002182014,0.0001257651,0.00005543733,0.00003108269,0.00008530588,0.0001473335,0.0001968433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006257693,0.0001790481,0.00001605457,0.0002662374,0.00004145217,0.000007699144,0.0001032126,0.0002444535,0.00004084802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006600835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001653642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002451152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002538624,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987448,0.00005085791,0.0003627361,0.0003956417,0.0001271211,0.0003187745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995161,0.0001378847,0.00006208018,0.0001656046,0.0000569677,0.00006134774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004257435,0.0003574141,0.8420085,0.00004367633,0.0000312136,0.0001572713,0.02471203,0.000003693913,0.00003417717,0.02890456,0.0001328862,0.1035721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001032047,0.0000060419,0.9931623,0.00005019382,0.000008869152,0.000005806127,0.002029346,0.000006801786,0.0001108558,0.001074149,0.002242167,0.0002713866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541649,0.0006721391,0.00007661963,0.00001330873,0.0004395538,0.0001992422,0.000002378672,0.00003881646,0.04439304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957611,0.00001486569,0.003303458,0.0001643235,0.0001959498,0.00001746597,0.0000559045,0.00001401326,0.0004729161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1511539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7301368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403753427","doi":"10.1093/applin/amae062","title":"How does lexical coverage affect the processing of L2 texts?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Linguistics; Psychology; Communication; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Ana Pellicer‐Sánchez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Webb","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andi Wang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01389936773629466,"gpt":0.3107885542235072,"spread":0.2968891864872125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002625557,0.0001245045,0.0001536271,0.00005857596,0.00009722666,0.0001528695,0.0001582568,0.0001015703,0.002907352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000341327,0.00007355907,0.00006448864,0.0001772918,0.0001117951,0.000007978823,0.00003352146,0.0003412726,0.0001089001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001395538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003205588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009536722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001627793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991976,0.00004757868,0.0001613296,0.0002391015,0.0001484324,0.0002059552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991975,0.0004040355,0.00006321262,0.0002467319,0.00004714869,0.00004133708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006773687,0.00008696013,0.0000630005,0.0003013518,0.0001298499,0.0001914368,0.01219337,0.00002400452,0.001822596,0.8511302,0.00568249,0.128307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006968891,0.0001105903,0.00121542,0.0001713004,0.0002028589,0.00003847419,0.009925252,0.0008125386,0.003413298,0.01357114,0.9693817,0.0004605789],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1063909,0.01883958,0.0207657,0.0009319382,0.006028766,0.0007434096,0.00005691798,0.0007121692,0.8455306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936475,0.00000429994,0.0002431422,0.001220436,0.001743869,0.00002120414,0.00001642489,0.00003083739,0.003072247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9636992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367849496","doi":"10.1093/applin/amad014","title":"Context Synthesis Accelerates Vocabulary Learning Through Reading: The Implication of Distributional Semantic Theory on Second Language Vocabulary Research","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Inference; Computer science; Linguistics; Vocabulary development; Context (archaeology); Natural language processing; Psychology; Reading (process); Word (group theory); Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Bowen Wang-Kildegaard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Feng Ji","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05342497700343767,"gpt":0.3770395385385308,"spread":0.3236145615350932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002505031,0.0002008888,0.0002779602,0.0001832427,0.0005463225,0.00005702534,0.0004077155,0.0001902688,0.008235877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004456644,0.0001640376,0.00009269752,0.0007103037,0.0003124092,0.00001516242,0.0001165733,0.0009101276,0.001378309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005456108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005386192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006271245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003762404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976017,0.0005935887,0.000420075,0.0004503404,0.0004212224,0.0005130868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934059,0.005463307,0.0002015718,0.000613083,0.0002507422,0.00006537092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003088073,0.0001433716,0.0003370399,0.00008528614,0.0002343251,0.00009730675,0.02456518,0.0001529487,0.01121047,0.9366361,0.01612819,0.01010098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002576513,0.0006507244,0.05173651,0.0006040768,0.0004141799,0.0001009661,0.4338476,0.0009325991,0.1375773,0.05632519,0.3133883,0.001845977],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7169026,0.001597522,0.0006798238,0.0004787672,0.000933844,0.0007739594,0.0001291772,0.0004544195,0.2780499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944013,0.00001595447,0.00005390038,0.0009126177,0.0008560179,0.0001615101,0.0003482706,0.00005476155,0.003195617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8803109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403702937","doi":"10.1093/applin/amae060","title":"Multimodal Academic Discourse Socialization: Examining Geoscience Students’ Disciplinary Knowledge Construction and Socialization at a Canadian University","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Socialization; Discipline; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Masaru Yamamoto","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03371919978057782,"gpt":0.3116485836067801,"spread":0.2779293838262023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001975104,0.0001513875,0.0001628558,0.0001922863,0.001386014,0.0002088984,0.0001641998,0.00007290421,0.0001668191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009684414,0.0001540399,0.0000321437,0.0001439583,0.0009350463,0.00005765925,0.0001949767,0.0001573321,0.00003803283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002967654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002069072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00264882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09070333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990289,0.00002846233,0.0001699499,0.0003241588,0.0002042651,0.0002442844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.00008246452,0.00006130445,0.0000975923,0.0001162088,0.0001035697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004592382,0.00001426417,0.001939947,0.00004320013,0.00008178825,0.00002170363,0.1066522,0.00002644587,0.000005584781,0.8870317,0.0009511797,0.003227399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000853639,0.00008980416,0.005320406,0.0003829069,0.001631412,0.00000960124,0.3319981,0.01097414,0.00001985385,0.02075239,0.6265475,0.001420216],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4376959,0.003019999,0.003383923,0.0005089465,0.007492259,0.0007828439,0.0005111752,0.0005559683,0.546049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921153,0.000122169,0.0002132575,0.00003542924,0.001989404,0.000004213606,0.00008310309,0.00001924605,0.005417871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8662793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388961712","doi":"10.1093/applin/amad067","title":"Playing with second language metaphor: An exploration with advanced Chinese learners of English","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kensington Health","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Psychology; Comprehension; Mandarin Chinese; Metaphor; Competence (human resources); Communicative competence; Conceptual metaphor; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"David R. O’Reilly","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luling Yan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01837051424890743,"gpt":0.2932353651729744,"spread":0.274864850924067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002344207,0.0002036427,0.0002792578,0.0001637637,0.00008999221,0.00002518939,0.0001361253,0.00009342024,0.0002494175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003323451,0.0001528033,0.00003220365,0.0005702075,0.00008073596,0.00005257197,0.00002027569,0.0002017603,0.00006567271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001371926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003161557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003713418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002133252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988462,0.00004610856,0.0002406257,0.000352724,0.0002391532,0.0002751452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989582,0.0001236472,0.00017688,0.0004012287,0.0002574847,0.00008250913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00556717,0.001105718,0.008496554,0.0005706368,0.001469638,0.0006443132,0.7032179,0.002673161,0.02668361,0.203737,0.001106718,0.0447276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02158165,0.004520917,0.02139491,0.0002723332,0.001636087,0.00002578363,0.8725079,0.001041207,0.03441887,0.01007121,0.02866952,0.003859604],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8423829,0.00006648548,0.0008704532,0.000002524517,0.0005294359,0.0002928928,0.00004403061,0.0002776503,0.1555336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954336,0.000007437717,0.002598102,0.00008226361,0.0007651412,0.0001029758,0.000453041,0.00006212581,0.0004953563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1936658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6231138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405934802","doi":"10.1093/applin/amae090","title":"Decolonizing language learning in digital environments through the voices of plurilingual learners in the Global South","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Niagara College; Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Linguistics; Applied linguistics; Language acquisition; Multilingualism; Psychology; Sociology; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Angelica Galante","is_ca":true},{"name":"Enrica Piccardo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Faith Marcel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lana Zeaiter","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Wayne N. dela Cruz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aisha Barisé","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03216136017922069,"gpt":0.3972241075040565,"spread":0.3650627473248358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006314135,0.00009272769,0.0001059378,0.00003610761,0.000160061,0.0001520236,0.0003089904,0.00007374756,0.00002815116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002570862,0.00006514154,0.00003739919,0.0004117244,0.0002581501,0.00002170004,0.00004229439,0.0003160006,0.00004241991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001050051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000239795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002323799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001514072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989794,0.00007482848,0.0002367218,0.0001672086,0.0002866967,0.0002551315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992271,0.0005444892,0.00006663172,0.0001225502,0.00001136725,0.00002785077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009354073,0.0000512922,0.009078678,0.00002117125,0.00001021324,0.00001059261,0.7402267,0.0009104355,0.000006482646,0.2420501,0.00004880386,0.007576221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000194071,0.00001584631,0.001816694,0.00004559522,0.0000171753,5.124614e-7,0.4248546,0.0003642679,0.00003144064,0.005175225,0.5673304,0.0001542184],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6671834,0.0004594123,0.00003984798,0.0003534628,0.0005262381,0.0002668328,0.00001384461,0.0000411518,0.3311158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998389,0.0000335791,0.0001091453,0.0002316938,0.0007031861,0.00001015633,0.00000878462,0.000008628159,0.0005058162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5672815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3512904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194243547","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaa051","title":"Breaking Intangible Barriers in English-as-an-Additional-Language Job Interviews: Evidence from Interview Training and Ratings","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Camosun College","funders":"","keywords":"Interview; Psychology; Job interview; Semi-structured interview; Social psychology; Disadvantage; Applied psychology; Session (web analytics); Pragmatics; Control (management); Medical education; Qualitative research; Pedagogy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Nick Travers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Li‐Shih Huang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09218323900273824,"gpt":0.3110552145402141,"spread":0.2188719755374758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003631877,0.0002443898,0.0003605124,0.0000790614,0.0002123253,0.0004499965,0.0004880081,0.00006767785,0.006919749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003096182,0.0002370388,0.00005300261,0.00008579031,0.0002871006,0.0001510944,0.0002230711,0.0004184603,0.00005604143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004002803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001098362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007088691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002003087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985108,0.0001258847,0.0005072389,0.0003878716,0.0002178708,0.0002502849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998413,0.0006819324,0.0001983522,0.0003596712,0.000163454,0.0001836304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017284,0.00001647057,0.00004670882,0.00007991133,0.00003159397,0.00001888866,0.7263689,0.000007686122,0.00009226673,0.2668027,0.001361869,0.005155707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006115898,0.0001213006,0.0000883031,0.001126928,0.00009228462,0.000001959355,0.7445299,0.0008260697,0.0002414375,0.011112,0.2406037,0.0006445306],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.415863,0.009189667,0.0007268726,0.001732288,0.001461043,0.001279878,0.00178501,0.00105899,0.5669032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931961,0.0001135401,0.001820159,0.002507163,0.001872488,0.00007604498,0.0002944215,0.00004105676,0.000079086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.577333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W49397132","doi":"10.1093/applin/25.2.273","title":"Review: Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a national resource","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Resource (disambiguation); Linguistics; Heritage language; Sociology; Library science; History; Political science; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Ruth Patrick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02316524540755348,"gpt":0.3351507555993848,"spread":0.3119855101918313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006412381,0.00008616567,0.0001626477,0.00008619575,0.0001582787,0.00002512676,0.0002342974,0.00007939927,0.0001211321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0199295,0.00009376986,0.00002863344,0.0004073917,0.000127269,0.000006640953,0.00005764596,0.0001617214,0.00007994391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002205617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004725719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001750973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007031786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989192,0.00005858226,0.000245308,0.0001989529,0.0003216954,0.0002562207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993151,0.0001894094,0.0000992971,0.0001339192,0.0001841318,0.00007818052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005678928,0.00006108838,0.0001123147,0.0000629524,0.000006332526,0.00002080798,0.004098684,0.0002012375,0.00002434306,0.9848493,0.01012287,0.000434336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002917349,0.000006718616,0.0001753186,0.000111714,0.000007332715,4.798843e-7,0.00115075,0.000006922673,0.000009879668,0.01600007,0.9821253,0.0001137151],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002052797,0.001456861,0.0004983532,0.002619874,0.0002672306,0.0003320157,0.00001133715,0.0001118903,0.9944972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669999,0.001687887,0.01186898,0.01485729,0.003323408,0.00006022632,0.00005288,0.00002310268,0.001126292],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9933709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133300328","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaf089","title":"From language portraits to language playlists: Exploring sonic possibilities for language autobiographical research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Narrative; Portrait; Interpersonal communication; Affordance; Frame (networking); On Language","authors":[{"name":"Ava Becker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1430916564633211,"gpt":0.5192864427744417,"spread":0.3761947863111206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001377297,0.0001711408,0.000251049,0.0004264601,0.0006450904,0.0001984167,0.0004933005,0.0001774432,0.0002095385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01493519,0.0001819714,0.00009694738,0.0008923042,0.0002693847,0.00001987021,0.0001057631,0.0003667255,0.00006634507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001804598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007090276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02223542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005537225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979259,0.0001176727,0.0003501764,0.0004612283,0.0004385541,0.0007064046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996608,0.002323783,0.00005637619,0.0004353028,0.0003026637,0.0002738334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007145341,0.0001220171,0.0002217886,0.00006621666,0.00004128376,0.000007979342,0.4897908,0.000006455974,0.001253973,0.4872829,0.00747178,0.01366333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005202813,0.00003873962,0.001335017,0.0001343472,0.00004270513,1.0561e-7,0.5266077,0.000048137,0.003605697,0.008963325,0.4583127,0.0003912354],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.766254,0.0004730148,0.0002138443,0.001049993,0.001857322,0.001117921,0.0003135803,0.0003251902,0.2283951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819368,0.00002280847,0.004131494,0.0009284182,0.004386983,0.0003260337,0.00009650529,0.00002825527,0.008142672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4783196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410718171","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaf030","title":"Audio Visual Input and Second Language Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Audio visual; Linguistics; Psychology; Computer science; Multimedia; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Robert Vanderplank","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01019481764926012,"gpt":0.2530254147992205,"spread":0.2428305971499604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008483932,0.0001040657,0.0001409929,0.00006426205,0.0002052674,0.0001132436,0.00005970996,0.00003960581,0.0009613861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002917253,0.0000960162,0.00002214808,0.00002869434,0.0001207239,0.000005978961,0.00006340024,0.0001804246,0.00008901366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001170554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002406976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002621869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001476422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994687,0.000008920894,0.0001343161,0.0001540506,0.00007439958,0.0001595749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996659,0.0001294221,0.00004013137,0.00007643198,0.00004825606,0.00003992154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001332885,0.00003093516,0.0002464002,0.00008944973,0.00004054358,0.000009498396,0.01381124,0.000002787459,0.0003348921,0.9670904,0.006247574,0.01208289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002541583,0.00002758502,0.0001388977,0.00002421038,0.00003025057,2.783602e-7,0.005330135,0.0001179775,0.0006409428,0.002143262,0.9911605,0.0001318484],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1949156,0.0003921181,0.00005065926,0.00003202606,0.001023332,0.00009423622,0.000007705292,0.0001067288,0.8033776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9726315,0.00001538648,0.0001178865,0.0005036984,0.001776614,0.000007846144,0.00001617106,0.0000135463,0.02491739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9849129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081542651","doi":"10.1093/applin/amr024","title":"Ofelia Garcia: Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Garcia; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Sociology; Norm (philosophy); Perspective (graphical); Humanities; Political science; Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy; Law","authors":[{"name":"John W. Schwieter","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0308848901621648,"gpt":0.2727745736761931,"spread":0.2418896835140283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002733379,0.0001266355,0.0001146327,0.00004993233,0.0002269728,0.00009760401,0.0002195579,0.0000494089,0.0005755667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000533748,0.00009463335,0.00003957917,0.00005241295,0.0001124934,0.000009924313,0.00002598256,0.0003380803,0.00009400452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000727687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001783327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006137315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003221949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992343,0.00005039149,0.0001695183,0.0001981693,0.0001354587,0.0002122127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994981,0.00007014179,0.00007311751,0.0002182062,0.0001079053,0.00003248301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001105507,0.0001483646,0.0004080164,0.000007514651,0.000008950195,0.000004602301,0.1502255,6.597629e-7,0.000001005501,0.8418379,0.0003101594,0.007036227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002309949,0.0000389405,0.001282838,0.0000204587,0.00003875863,0.000003571062,0.5445519,0.00001116358,0.000006009408,0.01958017,0.4340333,0.0002018594],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08180931,0.0005151899,0.000004771671,0.0000351585,0.001143252,0.0001458558,0.000009951808,0.0000669018,0.9162696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953129,0.00001215537,0.0003410179,0.0008640675,0.002830336,0.00001126126,0.00001814156,0.0000139395,0.0005961412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9156735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9277825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045050696","doi":"10.1093/applin/25.1.123","title":"Review: Identity and the Young English Language Learner","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Identity (music); Psychology; Applied linguistics; English language; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Carl B. Schmidt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03242781361452798,"gpt":0.4190253483433958,"spread":0.3865975347288678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008503409,0.00006247577,0.0001082935,0.00001682574,0.0003433051,0.00007560184,0.0001581053,0.0000438854,0.00007117369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008630046,0.00004712556,0.00002746176,0.0001449708,0.0003479735,0.0000122332,0.0000318714,0.000141207,0.00005477352],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003324473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000149399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004696398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001569098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993826,0.00004884602,0.0001340836,0.0001097436,0.0001690609,0.0001557057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994659,0.000126211,0.0000614704,0.0001467207,0.000122957,0.00007675107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003432473,0.00001220065,0.00003609815,0.00003653083,0.000004253297,6.19586e-7,0.09581013,0.00000178868,0.000001642067,0.9011407,0.00164897,0.001303665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005172055,0.000002131209,0.00009225655,0.00005918309,0.00003686937,3.276973e-7,0.01316138,0.00000171767,0.00001659629,0.01149747,0.9745148,0.0001000713],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009592243,0.008252272,0.00006746592,0.001413074,0.001642807,0.0004740036,0.000004459469,0.0001110579,0.9784426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828649,0.007115667,0.0004299733,0.004704609,0.003403412,0.00001634293,0.000004966074,0.000008454565,0.001451684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9769909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417419813","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaf082","title":"Self-regulated learning and its impact on scaffolded feedback effectiveness in EFL learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"English as a foreign language; Control (management); Multilevel model; Second language; Applied linguistics; Corrective feedback; English language; Second-language acquisition","authors":[{"name":"Ehsan Rassaei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hossein Nassaji","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01009788590348317,"gpt":0.2743407631754053,"spread":0.2642428772719221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008085631,0.0002901341,0.0003817728,0.0002922351,0.000638578,0.000230099,0.0001170273,0.0001210953,0.00009306991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001089877,0.000262791,0.00006307951,0.0001313569,0.00006845851,0.00001741244,0.0000740984,0.001017295,0.00006704027],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001212475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005598209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001005205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003220623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985261,0.0002538616,0.0002789452,0.0003857552,0.0001628691,0.0003924913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986806,0.0009066387,0.0001158064,0.0001190544,0.0001085913,0.00006929372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004448494,0.0002771321,0.01618527,0.0006929075,0.0002890519,0.00003208639,0.02903706,0.02061157,0.0006783088,0.9230734,0.0001577386,0.008520592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008461515,0.00126501,0.03865698,0.002905174,0.0004784263,0.000005507508,0.01083746,0.05955803,0.002489538,0.009323672,0.8635364,0.002482246],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7505535,0.0002555977,0.00002190602,0.00001654926,0.0003970306,0.0002674391,0.000001807056,0.0003686347,0.2481175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965573,0.00002380399,0.00007378398,0.00004563681,0.000491097,0.00001893951,0.00002428767,0.00004402271,0.002721152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9137498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401897929","doi":"10.1093/applin/amae054","title":"The Power of Language: How the Codes We Use To Think, Speak, and Live Transform Our Minds","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Psychoanalysis","authors":[{"name":"John W. Schwieter","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05826882881769737,"gpt":0.3532317964470694,"spread":0.2949629676293721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004381015,0.00008515625,0.00007553153,0.00005515451,0.0002641687,0.0004134489,0.000286112,0.00002819445,0.00001577906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003836757,0.00004625607,0.00002776334,0.0003710949,0.000215866,0.00001971135,0.00006632655,0.0001996027,0.00006412046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001343954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001077643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002784189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003898799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990596,0.00003112141,0.0001047307,0.0002348135,0.0003362492,0.0002335554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983277,0.001267011,0.00002007577,0.0002072406,0.00009904549,0.00007893595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001550865,0.0001695692,0.0001869644,0.0001702288,0.00004083689,0.00006937636,0.2515501,0.0000167509,0.1180913,0.4760914,0.04222614,0.1112322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002465666,0.0002097904,0.001347438,0.000117048,0.00005445529,0.00001435959,0.1356795,0.000923359,0.2563928,0.01036642,0.5942742,0.0003740311],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8680332,0.000980051,0.0008487049,0.05219354,0.003027153,0.001942757,0.000239121,0.0001509776,0.07258453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995949,0.0001758418,0.0001222545,0.0005007301,0.0002197703,0.00001786351,8.164445e-7,0.000009873753,0.003003895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.552048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4593233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411044386","doi":"10.1093/applin/amaf034","title":"To what extent does reviewing notes affect L2 vocabulary learning?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Linguistics; Psychology; Vocabulary; Vocabulary learning; Vocabulary development; Communication; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Zhouhan Jin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart Webb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01488588567078848,"gpt":0.3329520404907484,"spread":0.3180661548199599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005531263,0.000230726,0.000338293,0.0001986079,0.0002237004,0.0001672546,0.0002373896,0.0001458143,0.006586473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002395753,0.0001968728,0.00009949221,0.000358408,0.00004102745,0.00001521304,0.0001114776,0.0004873596,0.001197208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004636276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002891717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003183026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003497631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984574,0.0001334836,0.0003542703,0.0004914188,0.0001555167,0.0004078927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984953,0.0006939704,0.0001025415,0.0004804156,0.0001072587,0.0001204876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003399136,0.0003952069,0.002922152,0.0005612196,0.0005610242,0.0004775731,0.02194308,0.0009735662,0.003862801,0.4551214,0.02246596,0.4903761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005995657,0.00007624072,0.0026835,0.0004113522,0.0001282538,0.000004507519,0.00650393,0.00005304653,0.0009339164,0.0008752357,0.9873158,0.000414702],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1143469,0.06123166,0.02972356,0.001803628,0.02082194,0.002457655,0.00001163713,0.001550406,0.7680526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9711419,0.000104189,0.001931479,0.0211429,0.001259715,0.00009667393,0.00004014079,0.00004121321,0.004241741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9648498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}