{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":197,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":197,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"5683d33fb927","filters":{"venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2070480478","doi":"10.1017/s0142716404001110","title":"Morphological awareness: Just “more phonological”? The roles of morphological and phonological awareness in reading development","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":668,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pseudoword; Phonological awareness; Psychology; Reading (process); Phonemic awareness; Reading comprehension; Metalinguistics; Linguistics; Phonology; Orthography; Cognitive psychology; Vocabulary development","authors":[{"name":"S. Hélène Deacon","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Kirby","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04979318049634304,"gpt":0.3404953716349833,"spread":0.2907021911386403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008980501,0.0002569312,0.0002143739,0.0008679422,0.0002257672,0.001128638,0.0002503483,0.0004472504,0.001512068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004421446,0.0002826421,0.000279067,0.0002948958,0.001082138,0.002269894,0.0006817728,0.0008413947,0.0001826323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001982369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000621484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002118779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004298653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999569,0.0001057421,0.00003513377,0.0001054153,0.0001141858,0.000070514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965619,0.001095936,0.001284635,0.0003451609,0.0003446859,0.0003677279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003682509,0.000395883,0.7663486,0.0001929337,0.00008981327,0.001595114,0.008927128,0.0002993356,0.05882508,0.005298885,0.0004450621,0.157214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004314161,0.0003492925,0.9861405,0.00005117502,0.00005949555,0.001090524,0.001457669,0.000283044,0.005603775,0.003481878,0.00145743,0.00002083938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957697,0.0007129905,0.000760924,0.0004846127,0.0000209266,0.000003138081,0.00003837921,0.00001881201,0.002190408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985027,0.0002890178,0.0005715934,0.00006350271,0.00001469898,0.000004107626,0.00002907269,0.000006238273,0.0005191379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002118779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005058408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048389585","doi":"10.1017/s014271640300002x","title":"Developing phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":438,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Phonological awareness; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Metalinguistics; Metalinguistic awareness; Task (project management); Reading (process); Literacy; Linguistics; Second language; Developmental psychology; Vocabulary development; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Ellen Bialystok","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shilpi Majumder","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle M. Martin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04993318005021528,"gpt":0.3673787339396735,"spread":0.3174455538894582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006245045,0.0002435696,0.0003809563,0.0008027718,0.000358738,0.0008331998,0.0001586957,0.0004134686,0.002235813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019097,0.0001633371,0.0001372669,0.000372066,0.0008491579,0.0008229025,0.0006083982,0.0003499585,0.000309804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002449857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003683051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002993491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005509065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997843,0.00002820467,0.00002548857,0.00006209275,0.00005258122,0.00004735968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981846,0.0006677099,0.0006063936,0.0001362637,0.0001619793,0.0002430862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002855056,0.0004273682,0.8147958,0.0004660005,0.0001284544,0.005819349,0.008891838,0.00005440198,0.06005451,0.001770744,0.0004387989,0.1042976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005139228,0.001317318,0.9769653,0.00007383626,0.0001442224,0.007704022,0.003285741,0.00009052295,0.006664999,0.00161865,0.002059375,0.00002451731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994747,0.001327524,0.0001645161,0.0001400857,0.0000175637,0.000006465263,0.00008658036,0.00001504023,0.003495273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983137,0.0006549014,0.0002143078,0.00009684655,0.00001394305,0.000004974905,0.00007327231,0.000006543301,0.0006216234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002993491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007479489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049807871","doi":"10.1017/s0142716404001067","title":"Gender and number agreement in nonnative Spanish","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":401,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Context (archaeology); Second-language acquisition; Language proficiency; Linguistics; Agreement; First language; Control (management); Noun; Task (project management); Selection (genetic algorithm); Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Lydia White","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elena Valenzuela","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martyna Kozlowska-Macgregor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yan-kit Ingrid Leung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03016363590135553,"gpt":0.3369656094939782,"spread":0.3068019735926227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001275727,0.0002754385,0.0003494902,0.0004455305,0.0002039722,0.0006761531,0.0002172213,0.0003221928,0.002958167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006174891,0.0001804768,0.0001297913,0.0001645699,0.0007116633,0.0005005367,0.0006083855,0.0003630937,0.0003707481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000206981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002142752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001702248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002282833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999343,0.0001924187,0.00004290335,0.0001583916,0.0001850861,0.00007815184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936346,0.003947722,0.0009548333,0.0004466128,0.0006076387,0.0004085549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00272716,0.0008039814,0.471963,0.0002181908,0.00006268457,0.002785745,0.04316675,0.0003583784,0.4222784,0.001676244,0.0002943008,0.05366511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006663937,0.001902214,0.9582281,0.00002536215,0.00002862381,0.002142447,0.007495615,0.001000251,0.02530543,0.001775236,0.00198418,0.00004600198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988357,0.00004333102,0.0001287861,0.000008655283,0.000001995195,0.000002529131,0.00001320513,0.000004426111,0.000961391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988016,0.00003470262,0.0002237255,0.00001280142,0.000002082529,0.000003808378,0.00004346698,0.000007228493,0.0008705771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002958167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0098961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115113802","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070257","title":"The development of phonetic representation in bilingual and monolingual infants","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":306,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Representation (politics); First language; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language development; Perception; Speech perception; Developmental psychology","authors":[{"name":"Tracey C. Burns","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine A. Yoshida","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karen D. Hill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Janet F. Werker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02305358800654057,"gpt":0.3552359944003103,"spread":0.3321824063937698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002995815,0.0001708229,0.0002183821,0.0005270259,0.0001982861,0.0005527483,0.0001505828,0.0002281229,0.001604046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001442419,0.0002239882,0.0001550118,0.0001268646,0.0002953032,0.0003228142,0.0005042381,0.0002642512,0.0003121783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002831867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002878974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001795267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00246914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997819,0.00002760982,0.00001742325,0.00005239848,0.0000641069,0.00005654992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993369,0.000160802,0.0001574107,0.0000487942,0.0001388853,0.000157229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001533269,0.0001414424,0.08156042,0.0001029291,0.00002802104,0.001596015,0.005125735,0.0001080948,0.8818178,0.0003172529,0.0001158727,0.02755316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000200634,0.0009633377,0.929109,0.00001880572,0.00004295031,0.003919235,0.002300735,0.0005422947,0.06192349,0.0001956555,0.0009398628,0.00002446549],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991862,0.00006284928,0.0001015022,0.000007111091,0.000001542508,0.000001316834,0.0000296873,0.000008084215,0.0006018066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986274,0.0001291849,0.0003244151,0.000009699239,0.000001858831,0.000006520169,0.0001069757,0.00001043106,0.0007834814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001795267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005366087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150158511","doi":"10.1017/s0142716409990373","title":"The interface between bilingual development and specific language impairment","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Sick Kids Foundation","keywords":"Specific language impairment; Psychology; Typically developing; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Relevance (law); Language development; Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Interface (matter); Cognitive psychology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01503318304137693,"gpt":0.3257367927254436,"spread":0.3107036096840667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007781153,0.0001696112,0.0003196193,0.001341421,0.000452409,0.001158724,0.000188059,0.0002597472,0.002312495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003509555,0.0001431229,0.0000958766,0.0008504477,0.002059023,0.0008564114,0.001499988,0.0005029783,0.0001751417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006974735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001401676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00354812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005481089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993184,0.0002453167,0.00007078256,0.0000883081,0.0001661766,0.0001110834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971318,0.001171439,0.0009850577,0.00009636681,0.0002659804,0.0003492424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005965148,0.0001685949,0.8899611,0.000626863,0.00005452522,0.01324651,0.009748509,0.0001977964,0.01161291,0.009942151,0.001071501,0.06277294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001028168,0.0002207346,0.9487486,0.0002337109,0.00004222362,0.02958114,0.009887318,0.0001724281,0.0020753,0.005783748,0.003224594,0.000019904],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785371,0.004937993,0.0003141692,0.0008668964,0.00001880897,0.000008630769,0.000102522,0.00001824188,0.01519578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986036,0.0009671027,0.0001269063,0.00005152669,0.000009835787,0.000003887231,0.00002437784,0.00000366953,0.0002090612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00354812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007736027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037185808","doi":"10.1017/s0142716402004046","title":"Assessing bilingual dominance","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Dominance (genetics); Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Sentence","authors":[{"name":"James Emil Flege","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Mackay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thorsten Piske","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1035612767300155,"gpt":0.4068671071725651,"spread":0.3033058304425497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001250695,0.0006452518,0.0004668431,0.001759785,0.00115721,0.0006087509,0.0002120345,0.0003054336,0.003793677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002925885,0.0001718805,0.0002641965,0.0006256239,0.0003061374,0.0004311826,0.00102414,0.0003065168,0.0008333037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004202488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006735611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008731329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01884543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993412,0.0001573897,0.00007393894,0.0001134812,0.000179361,0.0001344754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997741,0.0003330262,0.0004779802,0.0001246518,0.0008562528,0.0004670886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001986689,0.0004963059,0.8890536,0.0002484435,0.0001213607,0.001155578,0.0120765,0.0001406704,0.03823354,0.000412246,0.00110806,0.05496711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000649814,0.001011706,0.9876406,0.00002948216,0.00005183358,0.002022311,0.002319898,0.0002874747,0.003009606,0.0001810397,0.003350572,0.00003051687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927938,0.000223862,0.0006798029,0.00002148199,0.00001842012,0.0001030104,0.000287515,0.00001740762,0.005854721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939286,0.000214155,0.001630798,0.00004888283,0.00001960497,0.000155488,0.0005534433,0.0000162749,0.003432747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008731329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01736104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111076280","doi":"10.1017/s0142716410000299","title":"Size matters: Early vocabulary as a predictor of language and literacy competence","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":296,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Wilfrid Laurier University; American Psychological Association","keywords":"Vocabulary; Psychology; Literacy; Competence (human resources); Vocabulary development; Socioeconomic status; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Demography; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Population","authors":[{"name":"Joanne Lee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007338884538119602,"gpt":0.2972933858114654,"spread":0.2899545012733458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007291877,0.000305979,0.0001849705,0.0007114466,0.0001658415,0.0006352252,0.0003497574,0.0003744946,0.003043574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006619885,0.000137599,0.0003194627,0.0003728936,0.0004518324,0.0007240605,0.0006178118,0.0006179093,0.0003632689],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000140082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003431893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003068194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004385813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997024,0.00008898236,0.00002585419,0.00006608901,0.00007055065,0.00004610519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949751,0.002132817,0.001613553,0.0002479687,0.0002966339,0.0007339302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001001732,0.0000510526,0.9928884,0.00001151988,0.00002663496,0.0002140632,0.0002315371,0.0001152386,0.001346184,0.0001127602,0.00008653793,0.004815925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000177217,0.00008160395,0.9986998,0.00001145101,0.00001196892,0.0002117064,0.0001548369,0.0002163215,0.0003832469,0.0001016594,0.0001227934,0.000002710858],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990356,0.0001196151,0.0001241964,0.00003787816,0.000004514036,0.000002004223,0.0000813673,0.000005255494,0.0005896235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993681,0.0000528101,0.0001277124,0.000006951286,0.000004128316,0.000003076829,0.0001021293,0.000004108505,0.0003309024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003068194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01018173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132924772","doi":"10.1017/s014271640808003x","title":"Lexical acquisition over time in minority first language children learning English as a second language","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":279,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Vocabulary; Language development; Context (archaeology); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; Verb; Linguistics; Test (biology); Vocabulary development; Language acquisition; Developmental psychology; Nonverbal communication; Language assessment; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"HEATHER GOLBERG","is_ca":true},{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martha Crago","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00464152399159414,"gpt":0.279930703130452,"spread":0.2752891791388579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004878671,0.0002262421,0.0003411264,0.0009617744,0.0003546657,0.0007397202,0.0002281094,0.0002537066,0.0008823432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002211908,0.0001752442,0.0002707235,0.0003269375,0.0003142162,0.0004321142,0.0005518098,0.0003175076,0.000247518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003093061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002825374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005703971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006797336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999788,0.00002662659,0.00001722085,0.00004265464,0.00006072885,0.00006479521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989973,0.0001894661,0.0004195597,0.00004487211,0.0001654082,0.0001833831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006506542,0.0004227101,0.9519623,0.00004479685,0.00004021853,0.002248778,0.007147963,0.00008319949,0.02105008,0.00008130977,0.0001147786,0.01615329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005429031,0.0003614958,0.9949933,0.000006210972,0.00001350795,0.0008445657,0.0017025,0.00005320955,0.001793963,0.00002236194,0.0001983163,0.0000052781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998606,0.00002221869,0.000006573903,0.000003219375,4.98896e-7,8.550424e-7,0.00001719942,0.000001028635,0.00008780976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999629,0.0000426135,0.00003402104,0.000004090481,9.266142e-7,0.000004698865,0.00006768563,0.000001485877,0.0002154059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005703971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01134157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162065316","doi":"10.1017/s0142716414000174","title":"Moving toward a neuroplasticity view of bilingualism, executive control, and aging","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":233,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"University of Oxford","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Neurocognitive; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Executive functions; Control (management); Perspective (graphical); Cognitive skill; Set (abstract data type); Neuroplasticity; Developmental psychology; Psycholinguistics; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Shari R. Baum","is_ca":true},{"name":"Debra Titone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02403252655236257,"gpt":0.290532922559233,"spread":0.2665003960068704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006932723,0.0005797993,0.0008670329,0.002433523,0.0008136611,0.004107486,0.001321944,0.001865863,0.001596455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002713228,0.000187296,0.0004323724,0.0009698818,0.009106074,0.006944664,0.002018096,0.004599639,0.0001715567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001767253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002008392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002921989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004374783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991886,0.0003870729,0.00006521566,0.0001862176,0.0001193706,0.00005345873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956563,0.002637962,0.0005664662,0.0002645594,0.0005512678,0.0003234126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003776795,0.0002724532,0.0322083,0.003796787,0.0004560588,0.001293121,0.01145518,0.001989295,0.01368238,0.7053545,0.0155784,0.2135358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004215355,0.0003624942,0.05500511,0.002081581,0.0002819387,0.001209821,0.006052083,0.002590401,0.002778921,0.8794845,0.05000605,0.0001049021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0938379,0.4686755,0.0499025,0.3558472,0.003898688,0.0000622857,0.0002347967,0.0002013841,0.02733977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.715157,0.1995655,0.02878374,0.04601539,0.007168438,0.0001902306,0.0001075591,0.00004635108,0.002965764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006932723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03666419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096196322","doi":"10.1017/s0142716414000502","title":"Second language speech production: Investigating linguistic correlates of comprehensibility and accentedness for learners at different ability levels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Pronunciation; Linguistics; Prosody; Grammar; Stress (linguistics); Vocabulary; Language proficiency; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Kazuya Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Trofimovich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Talia Isaacs","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1127474474729615,"gpt":0.3877099133842294,"spread":0.2749624659112679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006314811,0.0003135402,0.000198154,0.0005272997,0.0001645326,0.0006777256,0.0001255622,0.0002240647,0.002012275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002941034,0.0001488832,0.0001631872,0.0001945623,0.0002828511,0.0003467814,0.0004471356,0.0002608728,0.000290695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009396804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001064345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007376819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008349522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999809,0.0000401695,0.00002259013,0.00005997877,0.00004545107,0.00002279314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978938,0.0009119959,0.000563472,0.00009880942,0.0002997896,0.0002321965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003659263,0.0001560805,0.8920882,0.0000889693,0.00006037724,0.0004451711,0.00793191,0.0001657929,0.08306348,0.00006348733,0.00005800887,0.01551269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002545519,0.0002069234,0.9946397,0.000003280638,0.000009269145,0.0001559014,0.00153519,0.0001569299,0.00318341,0.00002404715,0.00007690371,0.00000578063],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996854,0.0000115244,0.0001009095,0.000001752962,4.788448e-7,0.000002188915,0.00001772977,0.000001536104,0.0001783844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995456,0.00001650006,0.0001534969,0.000003154252,0.000001169975,0.000007230939,0.00004415417,0.000001924388,0.0002266266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002012275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006731749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889781226","doi":"10.1017/s0142716418000152","title":"Perceptual beginnings to language acquisition","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Perception; Speech perception; Perspective (graphical); Meaning (existential); Motor theory of speech perception; Language acquisition; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Janet F. Werker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01384739277280148,"gpt":0.337190796681802,"spread":0.3233434039090005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008692854,0.0002630532,0.0004218862,0.001081156,0.0005042004,0.003392488,0.0003489002,0.0007113431,0.006335055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00297125,0.0003274775,0.0002255174,0.0006710511,0.003236708,0.002482083,0.001547219,0.001851717,0.001566934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008891146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006964324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001612585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001329902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993906,0.0001947266,0.00003825744,0.0001911364,0.0001296998,0.00005552884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981636,0.0009381717,0.0002378139,0.00009522544,0.0004584,0.0001067306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003982787,0.0001142518,0.01973996,0.004083768,0.0001328808,0.001778636,0.0266695,0.0008434656,0.02921045,0.3741638,0.009209076,0.5336559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002352727,0.0004905813,0.1394902,0.004811738,0.0001248445,0.003260169,0.008491574,0.0008690865,0.02118832,0.2063114,0.6148233,0.0001154585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1247755,0.5104221,0.0203678,0.007793806,0.000641665,0.0000338153,0.0002741935,0.0002551651,0.3354359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7775031,0.1893374,0.005577992,0.001899306,0.0006758455,0.0000471,0.0001694868,0.0001430384,0.02464681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006335055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02119285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992851280","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070270","title":"The weaker language in early child bilingualism: Acquiring a first language as a second language?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; German; Developmental linguistics; Linguistics; Second-language acquisition; First language; Language acquisition; Competence (human resources); Linguistic competence; Language transfer; Second-language attrition; Comprehension approach; Cognitive psychology; Language education; Social psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Jürgen M. Meisel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008149555881061556,"gpt":0.3030843084912321,"spread":0.2949347526101706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000986769,0.0002992075,0.0003983173,0.0009660324,0.0004862433,0.001055041,0.0003208588,0.0008974988,0.001547367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002637059,0.0003094613,0.0001830649,0.0005391026,0.002665902,0.001627176,0.00105712,0.0008546473,0.0002392147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000566055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009733866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006999413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01033779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996206,0.00008591434,0.00003297253,0.00007171597,0.00007009597,0.0001187261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985171,0.0006012003,0.0004914103,0.00009907142,0.00008693469,0.0002044029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002087221,0.0004129483,0.7859303,0.0008775147,0.00006136161,0.02203823,0.03252822,0.0002056371,0.07567514,0.01430438,0.0006454681,0.06523354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000597299,0.0006315758,0.9282268,0.0001889282,0.00009318791,0.03224598,0.01607743,0.0004362433,0.01007323,0.008351578,0.003566044,0.00004934393],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947376,0.001107304,0.0002024329,0.0005086754,0.000007265113,0.00000449633,0.00002844808,0.00001103786,0.003392722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998835,0.0005055061,0.0001908834,0.0001041395,0.000008053016,0.000004925283,0.00002045495,0.000006343724,0.0003246401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006999413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01391733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018265373","doi":"10.1017/s0142716406060322","title":"Phonological memory and lexical, narrative, and grammatical skills in second language oral production by adult learners","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Psychology; Narrative; Linguistics; Phonological development; Phonological awareness; Operationalization; Competence (human resources); Speech production; Language acquisition; Psycholinguistics; Phonology; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Literacy; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Irena O'Brien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Norman Segalowitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara F. Freed","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008039186061177638,"gpt":0.2899722664551238,"spread":0.2819330803939461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004528629,0.0002247393,0.000180339,0.0003698551,0.0001655812,0.0007711499,0.000149599,0.0002776564,0.0009580475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003192187,0.0001563713,0.0001054027,0.0001445161,0.0003458305,0.0004857433,0.000434305,0.0003389368,0.0002671617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001391854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002222088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001757149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002054173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998111,0.00004001664,0.00001754598,0.0000375347,0.00006248613,0.00003140127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987698,0.0004296066,0.0003707399,0.00007081824,0.000185505,0.0001734214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004550537,0.0007977596,0.9094439,0.0000655664,0.00004835536,0.0009452882,0.01350411,0.0001533394,0.02668229,0.0001207048,0.0001804675,0.04760316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001542249,0.001103949,0.988387,0.00001321397,0.00002752772,0.001258138,0.003777012,0.0002841215,0.00460871,0.0001728653,0.0003421034,0.00001000186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998564,0.00002900126,0.00001991794,0.000004347992,4.313512e-7,7.228756e-7,0.000004367088,7.087925e-7,0.0000840807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996355,0.00003281398,0.00005207549,0.000008109506,9.357814e-7,0.000001632609,0.00001293014,7.629667e-7,0.0002551616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001757149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003493845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103940657","doi":"10.1017/s0142716412000288","title":"Producing bilinguals through immersion education: Development of metalinguistic awareness","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital; Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Grammaticality; Metalinguistic awareness; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Fluency; Metalinguistics; Multilingualism; Developmental psychology; Language proficiency; Cognition; Linguistics; Grammar; Vocabulary development; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Ellen Bialystok","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kathleen F. Peets","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sylvain Moreno","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05307633621822957,"gpt":0.3844885543492869,"spread":0.3314122181310573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002622601,0.0002322469,0.000218069,0.0003151796,0.0004447805,0.0006138933,0.0001175331,0.0001981527,0.001062956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009828475,0.0001977735,0.0002138466,0.0001095547,0.0003758115,0.0003417795,0.0006526508,0.0003874453,0.0001942428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003218561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005694434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003774364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009902799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998528,0.00002205416,0.000009656976,0.00002586565,0.00003476367,0.00005476838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995906,0.00006471369,0.0001324986,0.00002504473,0.00006299494,0.000124174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009739751,0.001917918,0.7139131,0.0002260429,0.00004087087,0.004965816,0.04186594,0.0001283384,0.1633829,0.0004557708,0.0004034164,0.07172597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003969569,0.002524172,0.9673235,0.00002889223,0.00004022264,0.004113338,0.01006366,0.0002101785,0.0134331,0.0001827639,0.002018584,0.00002189037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996786,0.00002167844,0.00002417573,0.000005417255,7.71803e-7,0.000001880698,0.000004729093,0.00000257692,0.0002601866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999341,0.00005371138,0.0001610565,0.000008236804,7.769309e-7,0.000004422952,0.00002037626,0.000001800533,0.0004086209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003774364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007504821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137117650","doi":"10.1017/s014271640808017x","title":"American Sign Language syntactic and narrative comprehension in skilled and less skilled readers: Bilingual and bimodal evidence for the linguistic basis of reading","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"American Sign Language; Linguistics; Psychology; Comprehension; Sign language; Syntax; Reading comprehension; Sociolinguistics of sign languages; Narrative; Reading (process); Sign (mathematics); Language interpretation","authors":[{"name":"Charlene Chamberlain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rachel I. Mayberry","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09149152868697318,"gpt":0.3910509277072834,"spread":0.2995593990203102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005171702,0.0002936115,0.0002055007,0.001232749,0.0002526151,0.000664573,0.0001715452,0.0003331174,0.003888963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006032407,0.0002036937,0.0001772312,0.0002959537,0.0006551488,0.0005452462,0.0007386907,0.0003446226,0.0004241143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001506319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002186153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002831319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997278,0.00004166443,0.0000375868,0.00006386435,0.00006656332,0.00006253397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953704,0.001866585,0.001443694,0.0002587113,0.0004965814,0.0005639931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004176109,0.0001395136,0.983646,0.00001980087,0.00002384422,0.0004557044,0.002097807,0.00005762506,0.008328147,0.00006843772,0.00005312878,0.00469241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007154144,0.0001820363,0.9972921,0.000003208903,0.000008491423,0.0005839305,0.0007383319,0.0001780757,0.0008756234,0.00008406719,0.00004148709,0.000005482213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998141,0.00001012327,0.00002067152,0.000004543347,4.86014e-7,7.884702e-7,0.00001640611,8.937138e-7,0.0001320258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998591,0.000005168201,0.00002268442,0.000004506637,8.991656e-7,0.00000127413,0.00002408419,6.466264e-7,0.00008160874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003888963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01300991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127536413","doi":"10.1017/s0142716403000018","title":"Spelling performance of Chinese children using English as a second language: Lexical and visual–orthographic processes","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spelling; Pseudoword; Dictation; Psychology; Linguistics; Literacy; Task (project management); Reading (process); First language; Chinese characters; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Min Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Esther Geva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009985201201970648,"gpt":0.312392028185549,"spread":0.3024068269835783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003085812,0.000637983,0.0003120489,0.0007447394,0.0003026414,0.0004689473,0.0001547464,0.0002396354,0.001477191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001287898,0.0002211887,0.0002416308,0.0003592288,0.0004258909,0.0002897979,0.000253119,0.0002246696,0.0005068313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003497105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005050515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01609339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02344888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998004,0.00001658473,0.00002595391,0.00005720459,0.00005022954,0.00004972737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990398,0.0002423929,0.0003024449,0.00005634307,0.0001885638,0.0001704345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006701622,0.0003008323,0.8129992,0.0001803215,0.00007867513,0.001787521,0.008700876,0.0002564836,0.1475998,0.00007155988,0.0001860455,0.02716845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009132399,0.0003830029,0.9935242,0.000003765542,0.00001485095,0.000449845,0.0009172778,0.0001622292,0.004365937,0.00001853486,0.000140831,0.00001046575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997955,0.00001690092,0.00001434062,0.000001999328,5.724098e-7,0.000001874779,0.00003175176,0.000001608081,0.0001354026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992355,0.00004736666,0.0001230514,0.000007587003,0.000001031317,0.000005860221,0.0001532308,0.000002326258,0.0004240776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01609339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03199941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144612048","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408080296","title":"The acquisition of tense in English: Distinguishing child second language from first language and specific language impairment","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Alberta","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","keywords":"Inflection; Morpheme; Psychology; Infinitive; Past tense; Specific language impairment; Linguistics; Language acquisition; Cognitive psychology; Verb","authors":[{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mabel L. Rice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martha Crago","is_ca":true},{"name":"Janet Marquis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009498472047763868,"gpt":0.2519231696123855,"spread":0.2424246975646217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004377892,0.0003400669,0.0003331447,0.001282466,0.0003123278,0.0006994628,0.0001909959,0.0002876862,0.001073231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002842699,0.0001866672,0.0002059206,0.0004357745,0.0006701426,0.0008936397,0.0007467346,0.0003998476,0.0003220024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002185152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002771385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003009611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005311714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997521,0.00003362068,0.00003921744,0.00005893459,0.00005398887,0.00006214638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981558,0.0006051574,0.0007696472,0.0001118818,0.0001683404,0.0001892426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002098674,0.00009450041,0.9680199,0.00008337056,0.0000174502,0.0006995643,0.008166689,0.00006355636,0.0121063,0.00009785873,0.00005650772,0.01038446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002478075,0.0002598791,0.9931059,0.000008734135,0.0000106631,0.001780986,0.002442813,0.000079709,0.001996687,0.00008290353,0.0002212568,0.000007963936],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996137,0.00003098631,0.00003885847,0.000005740946,4.708165e-7,0.000001828085,0.0000349021,0.000002453721,0.0002711513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995725,0.00005527732,0.0001233113,0.000007840194,9.103682e-7,0.000004856364,0.00007837798,0.000002690819,0.0001541885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003009611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005984187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097188958","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408090073","title":"The development of vocabulary in English as a second language children and its role in predicting word recognition ability","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Psychology; Linguistics; Word (group theory); Word recognition; Vocabulary development; Reading (process)","authors":[{"name":"Maureen Jean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Esther Geva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0140667874941068,"gpt":0.2783583197711088,"spread":0.264291532277002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007092516,0.0002597264,0.0002239929,0.000698972,0.0001832553,0.0009407533,0.0002204384,0.0003018665,0.001024417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003537984,0.000182312,0.0002757359,0.0002850346,0.0003539457,0.0006100176,0.0004824881,0.0004345039,0.0003250117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002138239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002420101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007182317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008839986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999781,0.00003749496,0.00002244097,0.00005003695,0.00005206201,0.00005701905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978603,0.000607689,0.0008618703,0.00007797325,0.0003089359,0.000283328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006658931,0.00005196962,0.9937405,0.000009210667,0.00001412921,0.0001070837,0.001122945,0.00006554606,0.001630172,0.00003829179,0.00004491766,0.003108772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001500066,0.00008577669,0.9985579,0.000004563703,0.000006747818,0.0001361325,0.0005566836,0.0001246521,0.0004131689,0.00002436833,0.00008616959,0.000002370095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997789,0.00003761774,0.00001564144,0.000006243619,5.627564e-7,7.02156e-7,0.00002928373,0.000001103925,0.0001299545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999668,0.00003298218,0.00004540399,0.000002911093,7.645934e-7,0.000002065777,0.00007499457,0.000001129087,0.0001718114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007182317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01428103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060744621","doi":"10.1017/s0142716401004015","title":"The development of reading in English and Italian in bilingual children","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Killam Trusts; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Spelling; Psychology; Reading (process); Phonological awareness; Linguistics; Grapheme; Working memory; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Phonology; Dyslexia; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"Amedeo D’Angiulli","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda S. Siegel","is_ca":true},{"name":"EMILY SERRA","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01575995351715884,"gpt":0.3074822677738454,"spread":0.2917223142566866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007610538,0.0006815172,0.0004423121,0.001447194,0.001306285,0.001223056,0.0005398024,0.0005273394,0.001964249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00264105,0.0004268753,0.0004858173,0.001092981,0.00100005,0.0004302278,0.0007296122,0.0005333038,0.0005704272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004498954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005695426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7469454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8705388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992508,0.00002827082,0.00003553765,0.0001336953,0.0002705722,0.0002811194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984936,0.0001707453,0.0004939072,0.00005891162,0.0005195247,0.0002633385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006864684,0.0003378697,0.9192164,0.0001524539,0.00005714863,0.002435458,0.02726436,0.0002583489,0.0140028,0.0003803101,0.001157188,0.03405125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005060738,0.00007114085,0.9972118,0.00001128128,0.00001392249,0.0004418624,0.001255685,0.00005869151,0.0002951455,0.00002071871,0.000605592,0.000009217208],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974669,0.0001641303,0.00001512593,0.00002979168,0.000002832274,0.000007753294,0.0002029214,0.000008052944,0.002102397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997962,0.0002341504,0.0001424631,0.00002195378,0.000001903593,0.00001315898,0.0004199077,0.00000559765,0.001198951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7469454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5090898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981715778","doi":"10.1017/s0142716405050150","title":"The effects of identification training on the identification and production of American English vowels by native speakers of Japanese","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); Vowel; Psychology; Production (economics); Training (meteorology); Audiology; Task (project management); Speech recognition; Linguistics; Computer science; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Stephen G. Lambacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"William L. Martens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kazuhiko Kakehi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chandrajith Ashuboda Marasinghe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Garry Molholt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01973836171125167,"gpt":0.3274460368614615,"spread":0.3077076751502098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005686914,0.0003006066,0.0002511552,0.0001341226,0.0002220798,0.0001646552,0.0001902641,0.0003103799,0.0007540481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001887806,0.0001756352,0.000130228,0.00006065528,0.0002559469,0.000239379,0.0002949954,0.0003558636,0.0001404682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001099977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002085603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006074697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001235118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997348,0.00008598367,0.00002795317,0.00006002823,0.00004475484,0.00004629888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990979,0.000410155,0.0001525544,0.00006830756,0.000091424,0.000179567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01098324,0.006546914,0.00866486,0.0002161271,0.00004176303,0.0001983986,0.001360847,0.0002284545,0.9272864,0.00004124508,0.00006962434,0.04436215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005050451,0.09978069,0.4472142,0.00006165831,0.0002673813,0.0007713145,0.001618004,0.003187131,0.4449942,0.0001442968,0.001385821,0.00007027826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997401,0.00003226004,0.0001146767,0.000004990616,0.00000295176,0.000006504863,0.0000026103,0.000003801784,0.00009217688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986463,0.00006707534,0.0008557164,0.00001470914,0.000004993211,0.00001809048,0.00001388276,0.000003469536,0.0003757568],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007540481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003007531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154177993","doi":"10.1017/s0142716411000038","title":"Cognitive correlates of vocabulary growth in English language learners","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ministère de l’Éducation, Gouvernement de l’Ontario","keywords":"Ell; Vocabulary; Psychology; Linguistics; Short-term memory; Vocabulary development; Language proficiency; Phonological awareness; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Working memory; Literacy; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Fataneh Farnia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Esther Geva","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02371941302199055,"gpt":0.2968132630486731,"spread":0.2730938500266825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006415717,0.0002433235,0.0002441718,0.0008774541,0.0003254824,0.001061093,0.0003356988,0.0002931813,0.001052128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004065468,0.0002093439,0.000304543,0.0004210789,0.000382111,0.000530347,0.0007151755,0.00049401,0.0002647081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004829135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004003517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01926413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02088781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997701,0.00005135093,0.00002007203,0.00004845409,0.00004859676,0.00006139318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981228,0.0005850781,0.0005632204,0.0000882824,0.0003075422,0.0003329945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004953506,0.00006984484,0.9973272,0.00000447484,0.00001361301,0.00005805391,0.0005527791,0.0001278929,0.0002857149,0.00002064647,0.00001977151,0.001470592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001344414,0.00006938781,0.9981323,0.000005047784,0.000006045948,0.00005427413,0.0009804348,0.0004241184,0.0002164387,0.00003186843,0.00007560813,0.000003235345],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997998,0.00001750069,0.00001688293,0.00000434834,3.551237e-7,0.000001691285,0.00003692551,0.000001046364,0.000121542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997727,0.00001468195,0.00003081988,0.000001782445,3.41808e-7,0.000003175256,0.00006822786,6.637608e-7,0.0001076532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01926413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03830403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125841054","doi":"10.1017/s0142716409090109","title":"Aptitude, phonological memory, and second language proficiency in nonnovice adult learners","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Aptitude; Psychology; Language proficiency; Second language; Regression analysis; Exploratory research; Exploratory factor analysis; First language; Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Psychometrics; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Kirsten M. Hummel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01841487579648974,"gpt":0.2738733400258839,"spread":0.2554584642293941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003805694,0.0002825907,0.0002644039,0.000701931,0.0003074278,0.0007983776,0.000174912,0.0003276414,0.00360941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002645255,0.0001075108,0.0001445669,0.0002345009,0.0003124221,0.0004125143,0.0004567248,0.0003172056,0.0005090597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001530118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001738021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002481283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003391251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998587,0.00002504693,0.00002089112,0.00002577457,0.00003641545,0.00003310685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984354,0.0004699335,0.00039682,0.00006142634,0.0002119485,0.000424342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001123551,0.0002061026,0.9924296,0.00001181059,0.00001367254,0.0003000503,0.001232383,0.00004431499,0.001843653,0.00002464495,0.0000512648,0.003730256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004374601,0.0003775494,0.9970211,0.000004914332,0.000005804437,0.0006016411,0.001172159,0.0001837014,0.000463907,0.00005360366,0.0001081236,0.000003039662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998173,0.00001665788,0.000008300723,0.000004060435,4.830389e-7,8.354366e-7,0.000009885416,7.244457e-7,0.0001417718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997763,0.00001135007,0.00001693854,0.000004906534,9.214656e-7,0.000001254671,0.00002237287,3.929289e-7,0.0001655159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00360941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01207471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992269201","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408080211","title":"Phonological memory and children's second language grammar learning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Psychology; Linguistics; Vocabulary; Phonology; Vocabulary development; Repetition (rhetorical device); Cognitive psychology; Short-term memory; Working memory; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"Leif French","is_ca":true},{"name":"Irena O'Brien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01465758980292874,"gpt":0.2790282454016321,"spread":0.2643706555987033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003345923,0.0002120972,0.0002136477,0.0004120232,0.000220724,0.0004464735,0.0001522394,0.0002164555,0.0009695847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001646305,0.00008073033,0.0001813339,0.0001368409,0.0002857208,0.0001993883,0.000277904,0.0002996606,0.0001246945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003190767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003136446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006252825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006418784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998614,0.00002809088,0.000007017182,0.00002270776,0.00003529623,0.0000455471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992346,0.000203815,0.0002412362,0.0000354681,0.000114591,0.0001704214],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000573943,0.001582364,0.9507975,0.00005972798,0.00005762985,0.0007621594,0.003958361,0.0002862886,0.01197858,0.00009292115,0.000248751,0.02960173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009256079,0.0006609774,0.99726,0.000004307186,0.00001287709,0.0002780104,0.0004887044,0.0001199168,0.0009430806,0.00004734466,0.0001714359,0.000004131919],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999821,0.00003302969,0.00001132976,0.000006614032,5.435936e-7,0.000001445056,0.000009831937,0.000001677685,0.0001144092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997279,0.00001878646,0.00003297525,0.000004121909,8.188577e-7,0.000003041019,0.00002106989,5.288672e-7,0.0001907481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006252825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01243287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139440857","doi":"10.1017/s014271640200005x","title":"Reading-related skills of kindergartners from diverse linguistic backgrounds","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Phonological awareness; Reading (process); Literacy; Learning to read; Phonology; Early literacy; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Emergent literacy; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Penny Chiappe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda S. Siegel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra Gottardo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02407023337639176,"gpt":0.3023090421382145,"spread":0.2782388087618227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004895232,0.0005191077,0.000479093,0.00171167,0.0004208852,0.001012089,0.0002341458,0.0002904024,0.001684324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002611379,0.000288498,0.0001892509,0.0006438731,0.0006207364,0.0006402587,0.0006061011,0.0004779634,0.0005293856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004704298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002971746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01502563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02826225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995578,0.0000352063,0.00005617302,0.0001206235,0.0001188644,0.0001113538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986401,0.000305414,0.0005006527,0.00008551348,0.000233522,0.000234775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013084,0.000158752,0.9753382,0.00003864195,0.0000426253,0.000704692,0.006757915,0.00008310792,0.005202371,0.00006961537,0.0001389971,0.01133433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003487205,0.0001365405,0.9973773,0.000006752012,0.000008956777,0.0003462276,0.001576609,0.00003244235,0.0003047971,0.00003457164,0.0001673599,0.000004957297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996065,0.00005321826,0.00001701131,0.000006464918,0.000001656412,0.000002436878,0.00004210103,0.000002670563,0.0002679081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991482,0.00007944955,0.00007744844,0.00001883502,0.000001548079,0.000005476997,0.0001541128,0.000002259912,0.0005126578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01502563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02987629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124610045","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070300","title":"Bilingual children with specific language impairment: Theoretical and applied issues","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Children's Hospital Foundation; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Specific language impairment; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Set (abstract data type); Linguistics; Language acquisition; Language impairment; Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006347801592449724,"gpt":0.2889649969391067,"spread":0.282617195346657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01123691,0.0006355546,0.001014642,0.003702979,0.002868258,0.005688175,0.003138711,0.002796494,0.00277176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0207448,0.0004128282,0.0002881281,0.003827862,0.02590741,0.007490823,0.00475627,0.003425812,0.0004036154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005264794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004897196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008197174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008207713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995271,0.003000045,0.0002492577,0.0003758048,0.0007307488,0.0003731237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9847402,0.01227683,0.00103355,0.0005091478,0.000997975,0.000442378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001936221,0.0004860863,0.05905328,0.001749036,0.00005849461,0.003594484,0.03645609,0.001135257,0.001089557,0.7598792,0.003699295,0.1326056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000075722,0.0002089123,0.04012413,0.00171629,0.00006623463,0.005368655,0.09382072,0.003828715,0.001506183,0.827742,0.02547544,0.00006698976],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.3658895,0.08332971,0.01657903,0.3576428,0.000664885,0.0001373711,0.0002140675,0.0001320237,0.1754106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9672263,0.02119687,0.003346167,0.005737641,0.0006784236,0.0001850871,0.00007382462,0.00002044914,0.001535158],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01123691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0594272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169196222","doi":"10.1017/s0142716411000233","title":"Morphological awareness and word reading in English language learners: Evidence from Spanish- and Chinese-speaking children","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Thompson Rivers University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ell; Psychology; Reading (process); Linguistics; Metalinguistics; Phonological awareness; Language development; First language; Developmental psychology; Vocabulary development","authors":[{"name":"Gloria Ramírez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xi Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Esther Geva","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yang Luo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04037270168772461,"gpt":0.3210890674615565,"spread":0.2807163657738319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006385527,0.0003590112,0.0003612214,0.0008989674,0.0002986715,0.0007268583,0.0002201305,0.0003005983,0.001511891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002414674,0.0002622748,0.0002728769,0.0004233983,0.0005792975,0.0004252179,0.0004881211,0.0003115275,0.0002526577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002161365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004405204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01217941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01557345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997384,0.00003213128,0.00002870713,0.00005704769,0.00009018945,0.00005347754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984738,0.0004748318,0.0004278951,0.0001092297,0.0003076125,0.000206644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003227408,0.00034175,0.9543968,0.00008159767,0.00005217278,0.001009719,0.01594204,0.00005827882,0.01671634,0.00008781688,0.0001038502,0.01088687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005727909,0.0001609283,0.9953161,0.000007520806,0.0000170363,0.0003323626,0.002628541,0.00004403763,0.001295666,0.00002772322,0.0001589831,0.000005274398],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997671,0.00002580885,0.000007460398,0.000003813263,4.443319e-7,0.000001348695,0.00001872307,6.737032e-7,0.0001744922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996418,0.00005148865,0.00004037615,0.000007470526,8.190823e-7,0.000004263366,0.00005286271,0.000001324461,0.0001995792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01217941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02421701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036250081","doi":"10.1017/s0142716402002011","title":"Complex sentence production by adolescents with Down syndrome","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Syntax; Psychology; Sentence; Mean length of utterance; Utterance; Linguistics; Variety (cybernetics); Language development; Narrative; Developmental psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Elin Thordardottir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robin S. Chapman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Wagner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02470746849477523,"gpt":0.2691633737016811,"spread":0.2444559052069059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003344434,0.0003087834,0.0003669932,0.0008729534,0.0002758171,0.0006964649,0.0001326313,0.0002402957,0.001196524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002813302,0.0002310478,0.0001845551,0.0002272599,0.0003955459,0.0002931419,0.0004229385,0.0002415105,0.0001916214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002176498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001704269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003134399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003994592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997666,0.00005298227,0.00002983865,0.00005308737,0.00006370363,0.00003377294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990121,0.0002940191,0.0003672616,0.00004841158,0.0001700156,0.0001081055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003497278,0.0001063949,0.9437219,0.00006334138,0.00005406159,0.002551459,0.01214149,0.00005506937,0.02562913,0.00009532755,0.0001518258,0.01508026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001240879,0.0002466265,0.989889,0.00001541845,0.00003918386,0.003756161,0.003385865,0.0001674429,0.001894879,0.00005889716,0.0005260587,0.000008094241],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998759,0.00002941963,0.00001737568,0.000003235012,6.019745e-7,0.000001210688,0.0000154842,8.411955e-7,0.00005590797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995278,0.00007962662,0.00009819146,0.000009356918,0.000001463533,0.000005654792,0.00009268572,0.000002006614,0.0001832157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003134399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006232321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156591075","doi":"10.1017/s0142716413000246","title":"Morphological awareness and vocabulary acquisition: A longitudinal examination of their relationship in English-speaking children","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Psychology; Phonological awareness; Pseudoword; Reading (process); Longitudinal study; Vocabulary development; Nonverbal communication; Developmental psychology; Multilevel model; Linguistics; Cognition; Literacy","authors":[{"name":"Erin Sparks","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Hélène Deacon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03134049747526521,"gpt":0.2975468891337525,"spread":0.2662063916584873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001504867,0.0002337709,0.0003271857,0.0008693381,0.0006181494,0.0008555554,0.0003425015,0.0005296847,0.001075584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004350643,0.0003834381,0.0004651931,0.0005969689,0.000361542,0.0007817001,0.0006743399,0.0009243605,0.0003171984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002951082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005228858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01264309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01441261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995911,0.00008269183,0.00004110839,0.0000920875,0.0001084881,0.00008457591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967565,0.00058347,0.001338192,0.0002080325,0.0006442488,0.0004695404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006829777,0.0001136731,0.9957836,0.000006458041,0.00002725089,0.0001027478,0.0008723447,0.00002378969,0.0007262283,0.00001843712,0.00005167342,0.002205562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001497031,0.0001119654,0.9990182,0.000004348932,0.000009597328,0.0001283508,0.0003917468,0.0000505676,0.0001680199,0.00001322266,0.00009906491,0.000003443154],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995953,0.000100266,0.00003986906,0.00001749992,0.000001584727,0.000002958478,0.0001063368,0.000002955337,0.0001332367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993555,0.00006944364,0.000103673,0.000008523961,0.000001610207,0.000009043963,0.000213044,0.000002433825,0.0002366517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01264309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02513903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162341987","doi":"10.1017/s0142716409990208","title":"Spoken sentence comprehension in children with dyslexia and language impairment: The roles of syntax and working memory","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sentence; Psychology; Comprehension; Working memory; Dyslexia; Syntax; Short-term memory; Audiology; Cognitive psychology; Sentence processing; Linguistics; Cognition; Reading (process); Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Erin K. Robertson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc F. Joanisse","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009402476893947475,"gpt":0.2717465767942885,"spread":0.262344099900341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004548524,0.0007243984,0.0006118256,0.001831902,0.0003414272,0.0006674115,0.0002889961,0.000400589,0.001712339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002428937,0.0002857478,0.0002599333,0.0004705345,0.0006863411,0.0006258693,0.0004582437,0.0004305955,0.0002847527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004065316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003190299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006030534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005321114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997066,0.00004141169,0.00005353932,0.00006461931,0.00006539686,0.00006846843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985807,0.0003555916,0.0006084141,0.00004806376,0.0001905671,0.000216659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005545978,0.0003636612,0.9651324,0.000118301,0.00006925007,0.001970479,0.003873623,0.0001266527,0.01689463,0.00006432895,0.0001826298,0.01064957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000167713,0.000465113,0.9951924,0.000009125897,0.00003528143,0.001757004,0.001016856,0.0001788226,0.001172878,0.00004237735,0.0001078907,0.000005636303],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998112,0.00004307016,0.00001752652,0.000007393191,8.70951e-7,0.000001599958,0.00002027102,0.000003329844,0.00009476625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997501,0.00003488397,0.00005915531,0.000007393811,0.000001881033,0.000004206363,0.00004250825,0.000001527102,0.000098369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006030534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01199085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165712761","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408080223","title":"Integrating articulatory constraints into models of second language phonological acquisition","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Markedness; Psychology; Perception; Linguistics; Language acquisition; Feature (linguistics); Speech perception; Speech production; Phonology; Second-language acquisition; Cognitive psychology; Phonetics","authors":[{"name":"Laura Colantoni","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeffrey Steele","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04321035504041233,"gpt":0.3425083141393307,"spread":0.2992979590989184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008982996,0.0003392793,0.0002689925,0.0005945907,0.0003349511,0.002092315,0.000809634,0.0007159482,0.003964616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002529249,0.0003305477,0.0004097442,0.0003658958,0.001246452,0.001906463,0.001097626,0.0006776843,0.0003745618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000580675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006253056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001941495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001354871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997507,0.00007942782,0.0000159759,0.00004108269,0.00008112394,0.00003166551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986346,0.0008351927,0.0001306494,0.0001171005,0.0002100732,0.00007233535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001903074,0.000146023,0.01146847,0.0001774764,0.00008275398,0.001141851,0.002222052,0.2073164,0.02067438,0.7062708,0.001224587,0.04908489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039485,0.00008687973,0.006201433,0.00002495156,0.00001785374,0.0002084313,0.000445262,0.5364131,0.001817246,0.4525984,0.002109391,0.00003759373],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7213271,0.0007270637,0.207488,0.002288752,0.00009143078,0.00004456793,0.0002148276,0.0003138433,0.06750458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935296,0.0001295669,0.00495213,0.00003510092,0.00001836429,0.00002149802,0.00003110099,0.00002521747,0.001257306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003964616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01326293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110738466","doi":"10.1017/s0142716420000521","title":"Bilingual language experience as a multidimensional spectrum: Associations with objective and subjective language proficiency","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Language proficiency; Second-language attrition; Cognitive psychology; Fluency; Language assessment; Second-language acquisition; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Developmental linguistics; Language acquisition; Language Experience Approach; Multilingualism; Context (archaeology); Age of Acquisition; Comprehension approach; Linguistics; Language education","authors":[{"name":"Jason W. Gullifer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shanna Kousaie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annie C. Gilbert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Angela Grant","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathalie Giroud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kristina Coulter","is_ca":true},{"name":"Denise Klein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shari R. Baum","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natalie A. Phillips","is_ca":true},{"name":"Debra Titone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02354662909441387,"gpt":0.3089744713876718,"spread":0.285427842293258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008088509,0.0001851195,0.0002059438,0.0006768,0.000201672,0.0009741,0.0001228954,0.0002604582,0.002568399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003886935,0.00009252704,0.0001385292,0.0003136176,0.0006311276,0.0003900032,0.001048774,0.0003162394,0.0001662444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001596581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001452739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008630998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001549591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995969,0.0001391763,0.00005002225,0.00007060797,0.00009667343,0.00004660034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958423,0.001423843,0.001579097,0.000249362,0.0002408076,0.0006646622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004444687,0.0001530205,0.9828323,0.00004518361,0.00006919223,0.000105394,0.002948841,0.0001703385,0.008141129,0.0001387914,0.00005929698,0.004892065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003836861,0.0001205188,0.9975025,0.00000576446,0.000007411037,0.0001602554,0.001232491,0.0002955166,0.0004601508,0.0001136716,0.00009007678,0.000007779761],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992924,0.00002790624,0.0001919083,0.000007655758,0.000001214324,0.000003560737,0.00003857703,0.000002098088,0.0004347223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996759,0.00001699297,0.0001148264,0.000003839523,0.000002463421,0.000005735081,0.00005116245,0.000001800642,0.0001272682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002568399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008592129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118008713","doi":"10.1017/s0142716405050216","title":"Comprehension and production of French object clitics by child second language learners and children with specific language impairment","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Comprehension; Psychology; Clitic; Specific language impairment; Linguistics; Object (grammar); Task (project management); Sentence; Cognitive psychology","authors":[{"name":"Theres Grüter","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006132623749036835,"gpt":0.2522985488918553,"spread":0.2461659251428185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007768073,0.0008054118,0.0007037987,0.001077025,0.000337496,0.001030336,0.000260566,0.0006641232,0.001764943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004250753,0.0002611072,0.0003334898,0.0003292302,0.0008719512,0.0006885985,0.0005754736,0.0004412855,0.0004944948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003744713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003557441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007214045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005257502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994616,0.00009870583,0.00006943896,0.0001211866,0.0001338964,0.000115189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977313,0.0008811384,0.0007608903,0.0001288019,0.0003095424,0.0001883689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00105619,0.0004728167,0.8442591,0.0003432913,0.00008983105,0.002553299,0.03849753,0.0003343178,0.07630862,0.0001959452,0.0002559037,0.03563298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000328636,0.001858349,0.9732134,0.0000266314,0.00004715478,0.004905396,0.009219454,0.000484066,0.009156383,0.0001311144,0.0008949672,0.00003024518],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997596,0.00003317401,0.00002170134,0.000005101839,4.677522e-7,0.000001877377,0.00003179149,0.000004568708,0.0001417063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999091,0.0000803584,0.0001984237,0.00001426063,0.000001614835,0.00001194521,0.0001469818,0.000005773155,0.0004496216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007214045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0143441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121213238","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070130","title":"Learning prosody and fluency characteristics of second language speech: The effect of experience on child learners' acquisition of five suprasegmentals","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Brigham Young University","keywords":"Fluency; Psychology; Stress (linguistics); Prosody; Repetition (rhetorical device); Residence; Sentence; Stress (linguistics); Linguistics; Duration (music); Task (project management); Language acquisition; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Pavel Trofimovich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wendy Baker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009262485974540796,"gpt":0.3309333513274447,"spread":0.3216708653529039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004739928,0.0003414799,0.0002497361,0.0002679568,0.0001812162,0.0005694925,0.0001519959,0.0002102901,0.00131754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002189089,0.0002262667,0.0001909131,0.0001196388,0.0003859216,0.0003299696,0.0004536493,0.000357975,0.0002384735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001746366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002072605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001895507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003243935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997334,0.00005943974,0.00002118558,0.00006169359,0.00006061549,0.00006358116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983115,0.0007320433,0.0004475952,0.00008406512,0.0001404945,0.0002842633],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001899062,0.001446848,0.5957374,0.0002147038,0.00008791547,0.001974533,0.01382767,0.0002310081,0.3470206,0.0001051309,0.0001478662,0.0373073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001468687,0.002522507,0.9697366,0.00001209973,0.00003675219,0.0006524789,0.003043168,0.0001443909,0.023374,0.00003323432,0.0004143664,0.0000157101],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998724,0.0000121602,0.00001843121,0.000001608806,3.500071e-7,0.000001045843,0.000005870542,0.000001160571,0.00008695171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994707,0.00005271925,0.0001661572,0.0000067028,0.000001031569,0.000005809133,0.00003448252,0.000003248315,0.0002590988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001895507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004407585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978166486","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070282","title":"The future of Inuktitut in the face of majority languages: Bilingualism or language shift?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Indigenous; Psychology; Face (sociological concept); Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Shanley Allen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01451441407944413,"gpt":0.3495149031092171,"spread":0.3350004890297729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008593201,0.0001439554,0.0003332289,0.0005520252,0.0065624,0.004120059,0.0007693135,0.0008114386,0.003133584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001290942,0.0001324927,0.000157252,0.000490143,0.004878139,0.003358164,0.003199519,0.001396242,0.0002929709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004137818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006488647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1400896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3117466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993631,0.0001042458,0.0000147803,0.00006113121,0.00005496221,0.0004017823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989653,0.0001138982,0.000176026,0.00003442927,0.0001522897,0.0005581363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003445283,0.0002075708,0.1801262,0.00026999,0.00002580758,0.003971387,0.5806198,0.00008559465,0.006580397,0.08478528,0.004675706,0.1383079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001139211,0.0001582605,0.1847426,0.0003706237,0.00003938297,0.003075321,0.7338521,0.0002583922,0.001766924,0.01840598,0.05725839,0.00006058545],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9546903,0.003350691,0.0001786028,0.0137765,0.00006755874,0.00000646358,0.0000360688,0.00001141019,0.02788243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969318,0.0009082677,0.0001149898,0.0003381819,0.000009181059,0.000002515301,0.00001080035,0.000004198259,0.001680081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8599104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2785484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968231654","doi":"10.1017/s0142716409990075","title":"Gender differences in language development in French Canadian children between 8 and 30 months of age","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski; Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Normative; Developmental psychology; Language development; Language acquisition; Linguistics; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Caroline Bouchard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natacha Trudeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ann Sutton","is_ca":true},{"name":"MARIE-CLAUDE BOUDREAULT","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joane Deneault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0213194386169418,"gpt":0.2846660966986297,"spread":0.2633466580816879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00101077,0.0005264585,0.0005384006,0.00269875,0.001586819,0.001514394,0.0005402072,0.0005380356,0.002310472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002455017,0.0002555528,0.0006740807,0.001218755,0.0008483398,0.0003725461,0.0005862397,0.0004980184,0.0005153087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004486753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004046653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7954374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8581611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990209,0.00006050163,0.00003527158,0.0001119055,0.0003018125,0.0004696258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984822,0.000141585,0.0003824015,0.00003646377,0.0006294149,0.0003278967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003410254,0.0001006099,0.9405106,0.00003995115,0.00003482189,0.001990449,0.02740329,0.00009784659,0.004158669,0.000347691,0.0009533174,0.02402171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001298769,0.0000618582,0.9947138,0.0000145384,0.000005702631,0.0003080326,0.003730703,0.00002647115,0.0001568768,0.00002075407,0.0009511505,0.000008763791],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970729,0.0003884849,0.00002744988,0.00007572189,0.00001063761,0.000006244709,0.0005475554,0.00000819987,0.001862779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975895,0.0002728869,0.00008611633,0.00002315361,0.000003685405,0.00001103325,0.0003728698,0.000005094125,0.001635676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2045626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4115346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013655850","doi":"10.1017/s014271641100018x","title":"How specific is the connection between morphological awareness and spelling? A study of French children","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Spelling; Psychology; Linguistics; Phonological awareness; Task (project management); Morphology (biology); Cognitive psychology; Pedagogy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Séverine Casalis","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Hélène Deacon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sébastien Pacton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06949542173342778,"gpt":0.3091434277895503,"spread":0.2396480060561226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001071627,0.0004947067,0.0005798336,0.001463135,0.0003992015,0.001444065,0.0002266787,0.0007199497,0.002072983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005898312,0.0003187335,0.0003813368,0.0007825606,0.0008880109,0.0006794403,0.0003209799,0.000490659,0.000307407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005476823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004874385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02369924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02810541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993783,0.0001372568,0.00007215571,0.0001320455,0.0001466994,0.0001335068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951472,0.002214073,0.001537694,0.0002035113,0.0005792447,0.0003182885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002405721,0.0003253983,0.9323961,0.000124792,0.00007038402,0.002357862,0.02992429,0.000137454,0.01970992,0.0002154495,0.0001352404,0.01436256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003412277,0.0001979832,0.9951474,0.00001016082,0.00001835389,0.0007157516,0.00292802,0.00007091306,0.0005182144,0.00005572982,0.0003220331,0.00001197198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993978,0.00009188199,0.00003955328,0.00001822499,0.000001227927,0.000002530383,0.00003825823,0.000004151606,0.0004065239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996042,0.00007091404,0.00006413488,0.00001584858,0.00000180708,0.000003864945,0.00003613089,0.00000202707,0.0002011408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02369924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04712254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986054659","doi":"10.1017/s0142716405050307","title":"A longitudinal study of phonological processing skills and reading in bilingual children","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Reading (process); Phonological awareness; Orthography; Longitudinal study; Phonology; Linguistics; Working memory; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Short-term memory","authors":[{"name":"Adèle Lafrance","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra Gottardo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02339714789824986,"gpt":0.3446521744881273,"spread":0.3212550265898775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001234797,0.0003778151,0.0004355523,0.0008176359,0.001203976,0.0007093137,0.0002290806,0.0006609805,0.000755461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002364486,0.0003992319,0.0004044593,0.0004950841,0.0004857469,0.0005972226,0.0004835284,0.0008691947,0.0003739305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006765369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008068167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03187867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05216416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996233,0.00008635866,0.00002541825,0.00007914618,0.00007210707,0.0001137522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982975,0.0002371432,0.0005701,0.0001062903,0.0004113794,0.0003774551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003176105,0.0007463928,0.9854092,0.00001506095,0.00003758659,0.000527892,0.00454721,0.00002945418,0.002583833,0.00003255114,0.0001331058,0.005620145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000130296,0.0005610135,0.9963413,0.000006680597,0.00002025294,0.0004436042,0.001840111,0.00005693017,0.0003213034,0.00002530346,0.0003616399,0.000008789447],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997854,0.00005467358,0.00001593183,0.00001499694,0.000001511495,0.000002629096,0.00004229237,0.000002208737,0.00008030856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992179,0.00007081414,0.00009805959,0.00002014128,0.000002659361,0.00001273094,0.0001803891,0.000001801185,0.0003955116],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03187867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06338626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156959968","doi":"10.1017/s0142716406060231","title":"Evaluating the effects of chronological age and sentence duration on degree of perceived foreign accent","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Psychology; Pronunciation; Sentence; Variation (astronomy); Duration (music); Linguistics; Immigration; Foreign language; Degree (music); History; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"I. Mackay","is_ca":true},{"name":"James Emil Flege","is_ca":false},{"name":"Satomi Imai","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09624745415310838,"gpt":0.4049261911660401,"spread":0.3086787370129317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00179309,0.0003640332,0.0002537184,0.0003126194,0.0002594215,0.0007457318,0.0002182206,0.0002912831,0.001783202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008401048,0.0001834411,0.0003381823,0.0002434094,0.000350455,0.00026339,0.0003290291,0.0003483421,0.0001681745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003528133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005620664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01166441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02410391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994343,0.0002281492,0.0000436518,0.0001160691,0.0001097294,0.00006808519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9878451,0.008435158,0.001704557,0.0003780736,0.0006668659,0.0009701893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003760176,0.0006349155,0.9579136,0.00006179984,0.0001875334,0.0002170222,0.002918425,0.0002092403,0.02392403,0.00006752901,0.00008490707,0.01002079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006119583,0.0005260718,0.9985176,0.000001738627,0.00002080108,0.00002299281,0.0002778549,0.00007657301,0.0004877994,0.000007486467,0.00005074385,0.000004289623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996713,0.00003147021,0.00004545752,0.000003921986,0.000002711343,0.000004954348,0.00003219215,0.000001024511,0.0002069248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993339,0.00004167853,0.0001535677,0.00001114596,0.000004319603,0.00001714496,0.0001103799,0.000002874395,0.0003250142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01166441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02319306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105398552","doi":"10.1017/s0142716404001213","title":"The role of linguistic experience in the hemispheric processing of lexical tone","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Psychology; Lateralization of brain function; Tone (literature); Audiology; Norwegian; Dominance (genetics); Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Yue Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dawn M. Behne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allard Jongman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joan A. Sereno","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03187878671043337,"gpt":0.3455256367553217,"spread":0.3136468500448883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003300738,0.0002455216,0.0001613007,0.0003357729,0.0001855147,0.000411811,0.00011594,0.0001624384,0.001989514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001632809,0.0001024867,0.00008482576,0.00009063906,0.0003462792,0.0003095339,0.0003381886,0.0001420117,0.0002060168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001067538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001520445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008700138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002255728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998292,0.00004203526,0.00001201972,0.00004358554,0.00004404791,0.00002904312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993522,0.0002619947,0.0001549431,0.00005528649,0.00008144782,0.00009410981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00192651,0.0001038993,0.1394266,0.00008733461,0.00004529495,0.0015696,0.003320911,0.00007372977,0.8230363,0.0003876636,0.0000790554,0.02994303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002411625,0.0005736104,0.9681902,0.00001381895,0.0000385851,0.002557106,0.001388635,0.000239198,0.02576972,0.0004081776,0.00077661,0.00002021652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985616,0.00009855386,0.0002495174,0.00001115295,0.000002944312,0.000002121752,0.00001659196,0.000002480348,0.001055027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993001,0.00009268316,0.0002031379,0.0000124352,0.000003716431,0.000004095867,0.0000278115,0.000003526601,0.000352451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001989514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006655574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166300816","doi":"10.1017/s0142716404001043","title":"The relevance of specific language impairment in understanding the role of transfer in second language acquisition","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Specific language impairment; Linguistics; Clitic; Grammar; Object (grammar); Second-language acquisition; Mean length of utterance; Developmental psychology; First language; Syntax; Interlanguage; Animacy; Cognitive psychology; Language development","authors":[{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0125848028759193,"gpt":0.2754842379161674,"spread":0.2628994350402482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001105245,0.0007249418,0.0005075427,0.001764044,0.0004549552,0.0007675677,0.0006308089,0.0006656208,0.001697649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004360988,0.0002087798,0.0002947868,0.0004345592,0.001467045,0.002195065,0.00107889,0.0006639915,0.0003656622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005641069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005878945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004832959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00407863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993425,0.0001172818,0.00006978922,0.0001475606,0.000153492,0.000169375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975963,0.000855732,0.0008192111,0.0002326485,0.0002249327,0.0002711055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004883769,0.0003616334,0.8985871,0.0002330939,0.00005973174,0.00450642,0.007097577,0.0004929985,0.04474303,0.001132063,0.0001192662,0.04217873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007309867,0.0007952172,0.9785217,0.00004253583,0.00003679874,0.006015962,0.00305738,0.0006824572,0.00952678,0.0006655786,0.0006289132,0.00001931025],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986504,0.0002626229,0.0002645997,0.00005875841,0.000002835028,0.000007530515,0.00003129276,0.000008773504,0.0007132625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993188,0.0001537103,0.0002129317,0.00001758157,0.000004020043,0.000009171274,0.00003908554,0.000003770252,0.0002407519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004832959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00960964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094816852","doi":"10.1017/s0142716400003040","title":"The influence of family, school, and community on bilingual preference: Results from aLouisiana/Québec case study","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Southwest Educational Research Association","keywords":"Psychology; Preference; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Developmental psychology","authors":[{"name":"Stephen J. Caldas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suzanne Caron‐Caldas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1209643258969759,"gpt":0.4477686187614059,"spread":0.3268042928644301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001197037,0.000347821,0.0003159952,0.001561945,0.004898433,0.0008397091,0.000678718,0.0005901936,0.001692159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004035593,0.000212502,0.0003039096,0.002159713,0.001093037,0.0004176545,0.0009204934,0.0005402415,0.0001994813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009918122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006329507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9025531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.966556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987872,0.0004105252,0.00005949975,0.0001124828,0.0002684649,0.0003617079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966671,0.0009372825,0.0005153451,0.000189447,0.001247947,0.0004428496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001801273,0.0003858724,0.8220127,0.0001428282,0.0000550895,0.02449715,0.11816,0.0002192974,0.001947511,0.0005807817,0.001414763,0.03040387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002275192,0.0001761572,0.8576804,0.0001322392,0.0000865344,0.01490971,0.1198115,0.0007024521,0.001221116,0.000124013,0.005072569,0.00006052124],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981598,0.000158865,0.00005758061,0.00006880287,0.000001670396,0.00001998083,0.00008392498,0.000002523814,0.001446935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982123,0.0002683606,0.0002633819,0.0000590006,0.000002268868,0.00002021727,0.0001073439,0.000005387321,0.001061751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09744686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1960415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138844315","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070208","title":"Language acquisition and bilingualism: Consequences for a multilingual society","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Developmental linguistics; Language acquisition; Cognition; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Second-language acquisition; Language development; Context (archaeology); Comprehension approach; Second-language attrition; Cognitive psychology; Affect (linguistics); Language assessment; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Language education; Pedagogy; Communication; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Ellen Bialystok","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02212743798852924,"gpt":0.3588010332212755,"spread":0.3366735952327463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005027381,0.000152811,0.0002375315,0.0008705855,0.002862358,0.001790659,0.0002190056,0.0006097304,0.008025057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001582357,0.00009924959,0.0001739039,0.0007676277,0.00328995,0.001511296,0.002150627,0.0007906284,0.0004544877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001774887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00228465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02226499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04081125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999459,0.000140867,0.00002389814,0.00006613274,0.00008224083,0.0002279141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983842,0.0001854998,0.0003932976,0.00004388968,0.0001667375,0.0008262994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001166513,0.0007976987,0.7026653,0.0002820345,0.0001267772,0.03023783,0.04365145,0.0003998607,0.01046757,0.07195449,0.01294497,0.1253054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001325045,0.0004774631,0.8148884,0.0002535849,0.0001215782,0.02529998,0.06449873,0.0003646426,0.001618575,0.04961859,0.04265029,0.0000757424],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.936024,0.004040189,0.0001813386,0.02620668,0.0001001752,0.00001346088,0.0001440217,0.00003488957,0.03325518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944047,0.002043313,0.0001173703,0.0009260745,0.00006169583,0.000006141637,0.00003151869,0.000009766261,0.002399519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02226499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04427075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124220663","doi":"10.1017/s0142716400002022","title":"Children's written and oral spelling","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"March of Dimes Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Spelling; Psychology; Linguistics; Spell; Orthography; Nonsense; Written language; Reading (process)","authors":[{"name":"Rebecca Treiman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derrick C. Bourassa","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01379845943641941,"gpt":0.2946067902574046,"spread":0.2808083308209852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009654601,0.0004594667,0.000430323,0.001099998,0.0002704044,0.001745366,0.0002389747,0.0004849861,0.00854083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007979826,0.0001975081,0.0002713659,0.0004095481,0.0005667701,0.0009471808,0.0007401402,0.0003339063,0.00274533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000252545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003926621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003090347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005425114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990871,0.00005525849,0.0001790445,0.0002976735,0.0002614493,0.0001195912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950244,0.001025028,0.001618462,0.0005330333,0.001134944,0.000664079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009212928,0.0002130537,0.6682422,0.0007134737,0.0002135943,0.0009084504,0.008486493,0.0003650861,0.1083091,0.001210338,0.003223491,0.2071936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002385679,0.0005674882,0.983489,0.00005848875,0.00004637536,0.001071573,0.001042176,0.0001516192,0.01000932,0.0003923229,0.003114198,0.00003374532],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9812714,0.0005933652,0.0005365869,0.00006998238,0.00003550676,0.0000237512,0.001607291,0.0001385654,0.01572348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936165,0.0002790642,0.001270367,0.00004302114,0.000009726168,0.00002077951,0.0009805425,0.00002607409,0.003753964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00854083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02857196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133739523","doi":"10.1017/s0142716404001171","title":"Effects of the age of second language learning on the duration of first and second language sentences: The role of suppression","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Stress (linguistics); Duration (music); Sentence; Neuroscience of multilingualism; First language; Agreement; Perception; Foreign language","authors":[{"name":"I. Mackay","is_ca":true},{"name":"James Emil Flege","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009920248130297968,"gpt":0.289441249002177,"spread":0.2795210008718791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00125615,0.0004953992,0.0004282962,0.0002962346,0.000220526,0.000705877,0.0002676622,0.00032655,0.002455804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007102354,0.0002388073,0.0002044798,0.0001355614,0.0005047478,0.0004282354,0.0005407641,0.0004937838,0.0003517252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003334997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005290323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001385868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00211532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995199,0.0001400821,0.00005171361,0.0001094667,0.0001249221,0.00005393732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911135,0.004593755,0.002250877,0.0003929224,0.0005821681,0.001066826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01454374,0.001053018,0.2270211,0.0002930333,0.0001006385,0.0007128064,0.004972036,0.0002519756,0.7245432,0.0004745479,0.0001161635,0.02591784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001590609,0.005127613,0.9359607,0.00003334947,0.0001195791,0.000621903,0.0008654696,0.0006379486,0.05494774,0.0003634408,0.00113494,0.00002831483],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986055,0.0001486379,0.0001901602,0.0000218367,0.000007824158,0.00000728723,0.0000242548,0.000005235187,0.0009891914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982487,0.000117046,0.0004685218,0.00003104036,0.00001187992,0.00002308048,0.00007011362,0.00001826712,0.001011378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002455804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008215487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088927766","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408080247","title":"Is second language lexical access prosodically constrained? Processing of word stress by French Canadian second language learners of English","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Linguistics; Psychology; Vocabulary; Task (project management); Second language; First language; Word (group theory)","authors":[{"name":"Annie Tremblay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02775887735575956,"gpt":0.3436839275778388,"spread":0.3159250502220793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004953123,0.0003962998,0.0002839925,0.000426999,0.0008379424,0.001633381,0.0003681247,0.000397162,0.003854814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002283705,0.000198999,0.0001851133,0.0003086857,0.0007402697,0.0004308956,0.0003514518,0.000404318,0.0004098463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001785717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002145166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6784431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7022374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996225,0.00004316676,0.00001269391,0.00007680716,0.0001321073,0.0001125901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986267,0.0003730335,0.0002202009,0.00006117955,0.0005436974,0.0001751466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001162431,0.0002487472,0.4962269,0.0002654994,0.00007046499,0.001982549,0.1309482,0.0006407219,0.29436,0.001731004,0.00178768,0.07057585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002487339,0.0003959829,0.9236055,0.00005652588,0.00004728556,0.001182122,0.05349651,0.001054176,0.01281615,0.000399846,0.006797994,0.0001230925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983339,0.00004983309,0.00009048667,0.00003710602,0.000002036206,0.000003235906,0.0000539667,0.000006060315,0.001423374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984089,0.0000714843,0.0001588019,0.00002837976,0.000001233473,0.000003754486,0.0000595293,0.000004491941,0.001263596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3215569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6469011,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143530232","doi":"10.1017/s0142716407070245","title":"The effect of bilingualism on the use of manual gestures","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Gesture; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Speech production; Language proficiency; Communication; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Elena Nicoladis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06284423019726712,"gpt":0.3809462409420235,"spread":0.3181020107447563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00107925,0.0003135354,0.0003183936,0.0004937391,0.0005557286,0.0007802589,0.0001720527,0.0003047861,0.008935615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006354074,0.0002190735,0.0002857249,0.0002376407,0.0008514703,0.0004863184,0.001091032,0.0005408997,0.0005421606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007019152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001271663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01144206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01101546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992045,0.0003097465,0.00006990167,0.0001322616,0.0001398616,0.0001437803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941538,0.002571787,0.001502782,0.0003061563,0.0004101889,0.001055351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03578711,0.001657389,0.7595242,0.0005495912,0.0004520175,0.003672239,0.01632639,0.000472634,0.124562,0.00111525,0.001305709,0.05457553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001644212,0.002199438,0.9886501,0.00005906179,0.0001314047,0.001422335,0.001900436,0.0002407035,0.003720899,0.0003871201,0.001100843,0.00002319475],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959714,0.0004039059,0.00007085315,0.0001292466,0.00001478256,0.000009683992,0.00007389982,0.00001390067,0.003312248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983668,0.0001446734,0.00008103483,0.00003799584,0.000005020095,0.000009634138,0.00005163468,0.00001564625,0.001287589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01144206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02989256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123411831","doi":"10.1017/s0142716411000750","title":"Stimulus variability and perceptual learning of nonnative vowel categories","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Vowel; Stimulus (psychology); Perception; Cognitive psychology; Audiology; Linguistics; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Françoise Brosseau‐Lapré","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susan Rvachew","is_ca":true},{"name":"Meghan Clayards","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Dickson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05405171361003849,"gpt":0.3376915577793884,"spread":0.2836398441693498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005474344,0.0001858665,0.0002658838,0.0001703832,0.0001535224,0.0006529989,0.000307829,0.000342592,0.002312194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007597739,0.0002602026,0.0000995252,0.00009705569,0.000315879,0.0003105371,0.0004627033,0.0004542971,0.0002233278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002007586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001285798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007400866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008655945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995365,0.0001379872,0.00003119761,0.0001231256,0.0001242717,0.00004690034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946042,0.003848025,0.0005209044,0.0002977951,0.0004026574,0.0003264445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001841333,0.000356378,0.01708893,0.0000835765,0.00002180602,0.0001026557,0.0008600221,0.000663535,0.9657055,0.0001227473,0.00006214213,0.01309142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001288026,0.004128158,0.7326843,0.00003885123,0.000049202,0.0004832014,0.001028082,0.008907837,0.2507882,0.0006899969,0.001018123,0.00005530031],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993094,0.00001439858,0.0002905912,0.000004735487,0.000002082566,0.000004077794,0.000008752084,0.000008779503,0.0003570981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992909,0.00001300512,0.0002906673,0.000007043488,0.000001691066,0.000009243941,0.00003609974,0.00001256437,0.0003387538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002312194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007735014,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2760217632","doi":"10.1017/s0142716417000236","title":"Variations in phonological working memory: Linking early language experiences and language learning outcomes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Language development; Second-language attrition; Language acquisition; Cognition; Developmental linguistics; Working memory; Comprehension approach; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Speech perception; Set (abstract data type); Language assessment; Linguistics; Perception; Language education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Lara J. Pierce","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fred Genesee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Audrey Delcenserie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gary Morgan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04706169132775376,"gpt":0.3687629951851196,"spread":0.3217013038573658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007869614,0.0001767229,0.0001833008,0.0008757343,0.0002166907,0.0009012591,0.0003050396,0.0003086872,0.001093705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005149854,0.0001032135,0.0001773813,0.0005576071,0.0006373488,0.0005306433,0.000881475,0.000474635,0.00008348187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002306643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000211988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00128701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001215078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996424,0.00008216294,0.000054411,0.00008232954,0.00008309151,0.0000556373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961365,0.001650226,0.001484523,0.0001442144,0.000269197,0.0003153405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002482229,0.0002479971,0.9474388,0.0001886393,0.0001355732,0.0007764392,0.004445144,0.0002561585,0.00450222,0.0004976059,0.000116384,0.04114682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002160561,0.0001658593,0.9957402,0.0000500447,0.00003099917,0.0004349674,0.001415168,0.00008712698,0.001372495,0.0004028092,0.0002902862,0.000007864158],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998686,0.0005851937,0.0001339243,0.00003615521,0.000002755691,0.000002601373,0.00004164317,0.000003426158,0.0005082596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993675,0.0003120804,0.0001520278,0.000008183818,0.000003423089,0.000004947328,0.00003167457,0.000001478146,0.0001186587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00128701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004161894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004156096","doi":"10.1017/s0142716408090036","title":"The use of voice onset time by early bilinguals to distinguish homorganic stops in Canadian English and Canadian French","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Voice-onset time; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Audiology; Perception","authors":[{"name":"Andrea A. N. MacLeod","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carol Stoel‐Gammon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03392594003860034,"gpt":0.2939225038980399,"spread":0.2599965638594395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000547805,0.0003040127,0.0002226532,0.0008290637,0.001073471,0.0008372703,0.0002049727,0.0003322439,0.002314255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019145,0.0001519511,0.0001463202,0.00038835,0.0005373827,0.000248597,0.0004117262,0.0002154712,0.0002114615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001582708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002057032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5325848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.746133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997358,0.00002569245,0.00001236631,0.00005738973,0.00008802121,0.0000806925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988118,0.0002590466,0.0001857179,0.00004246144,0.0005342122,0.0001666982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003151273,0.0001217181,0.6416322,0.0002377808,0.00007278233,0.001140008,0.05503664,0.0002430529,0.2542253,0.0005043505,0.0004162181,0.04321859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001083499,0.0001104143,0.9848697,0.00002073241,0.00002183865,0.0003660117,0.009665216,0.0001953008,0.003731161,0.00005661172,0.0009248769,0.00002731329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987448,0.00006118954,0.00006309483,0.0000103299,0.000001838071,0.000005581041,0.00007769847,0.000002532014,0.001032862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990865,0.00004745313,0.0001606611,0.00001072615,0.000001321457,0.000004987972,0.00009451251,0.000003591831,0.0005901036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4674152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9403357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099173991","doi":"10.1017/s014271642000017x","title":"How language environment, age, and cognitive capacity support the bilingual development of Syrian refugee children recently arrived in Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Heritage language; First language; Language development; Developmental psychology; Refugee; Cognition; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language acquisition; Vocabulary; Language assessment; Nonverbal communication; Literacy; Linguistics; Pedagogy; Geography; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Johanne Paradis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adriana Soto‐Corominas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xi Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexandra Gottardo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02272848801603048,"gpt":0.2499632832179174,"spread":0.227234795201887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003783684,0.00034747,0.0002608469,0.0008064017,0.001733247,0.001461857,0.0004335005,0.0002276145,0.002456582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001741781,0.0001918611,0.0002951374,0.0008852594,0.001053829,0.0003101063,0.00101931,0.0004344019,0.0001843409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004737783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009459978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8046444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9237711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996364,0.00004127296,0.0000162606,0.00004463526,0.00007400748,0.0001874583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991553,0.00009418923,0.0002603864,0.00002731116,0.0002016215,0.000261195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007289565,0.00005103838,0.9803779,0.00002610846,0.00001847843,0.0006666695,0.01224572,0.00005784433,0.0008060645,0.0001551213,0.0002488054,0.005273282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001835425,0.00002071287,0.9860491,0.00002368965,0.000006870944,0.0001787852,0.01318736,0.00005096014,0.00009035929,0.00002594967,0.0003582477,0.000006155445],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999378,0.00007413215,0.000004466117,0.00003057007,0.000001017257,0.000001756408,0.00005403922,6.713499e-7,0.0004553239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995657,0.00009431054,0.00002478306,0.000008824984,5.46662e-7,0.00000241814,0.00005314594,9.873625e-7,0.0002492412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1953556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3930121,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}