{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":22,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":22,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"55221b6d03fc","filters":{"venue":"Applied System Innovation"}},"results":[{"id":"W3206904992","doi":"10.3390/asi4040078","title":"Soft Sensors for State of Charge, State of Energy, and Power Loss in Formula Student Electric Vehicle","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Mean squared error; State of charge; Autoregressive model; Electric vehicle; Artificial neural network; Parametric statistics; Control theory (sociology); Power (physics); Battery (electricity); Computer science; Engineering; Simulation; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01033618467013403,"gpt":0.255032869285893,"spread":0.2446966846157589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002300523,0.0001011879,0.0002371988,0.0003563728,0.00001609479,0.00000836159,0.0000855058,0.00004887488,0.000001381466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002446426,0.0001070785,0.00001285487,0.001343994,0.00001909549,0.00006638063,0.00004772532,0.00007992404,7.035035e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001237918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001983139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003102268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000707253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989331,0.000009544146,0.0004916117,0.0001569965,0.0001880227,0.0002207187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999418,0.00007045559,0.0001037933,0.0001895905,0.0002074608,0.00001071366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004599774,0.0000394575,0.001417449,0.0007468773,0.00005303837,0.000005222373,0.0002381564,0.01353984,0.9197859,0.02185247,0.00003207677,0.04224351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007400794,0.00004895736,0.003789006,0.00005998699,0.000002667536,0.000002597307,0.0001891867,0.01460264,0.9790199,0.001230841,0.0001835225,0.000130598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9556942,0.000102543,0.04348192,0.00001359999,0.00003172929,0.0003185162,0.00002159679,0.00008955112,0.000246346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999367,0.00002753035,0.0003989076,0.000005698057,0.000004313103,0.0001126556,0.0000192913,0.00002530515,0.00003929881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05923402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4366535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282836908","doi":"10.3390/asi5030056","title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Digital Twins and Federated Learning for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Internet of Drones (IoD)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Software deployment; The Internet; Drone; Computer science; Focus (optics); Internet of Things; Industrial Internet; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06743649897246662,"gpt":0.2645900200731135,"spread":0.1971535211006469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001093972,0.0001685932,0.0005352172,0.0004303405,0.00004192935,0.00007683954,0.002557114,0.0001287928,0.000001865539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001837313,0.0001735757,0.00002555861,0.001086256,0.0001865098,0.0003715808,0.01308562,0.0002684412,1.927412e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006474797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005891069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006939332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006205687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979498,0.0001220247,0.001039533,0.0003962251,0.0003328188,0.0001596485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971117,0.0005276118,0.001060041,0.0007930673,0.00049157,0.00001595505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002846628,0.000716413,0.2802525,0.006145466,0.001468897,0.000007282668,0.01287371,0.000249328,0.2596049,0.2615512,0.02684527,0.1474384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00602852,0.002298989,0.02916456,0.001054918,0.00005588272,0.00005232259,0.005131617,0.605288,0.3383317,0.01118932,0.0006124519,0.0007916973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8630205,0.00004542253,0.1359596,0.00009224893,0.0001338708,0.0005065524,0.00006397111,0.00008904409,0.00008872265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959058,0.000001514098,0.003800485,0.00001099879,0.000007403654,0.00004320875,0.0002010952,0.00001453581,0.00001496056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6050387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282823659","doi":"10.3390/asi5030057","title":"Chaotic Image Encryption: State-of-the-Art, Ecosystem, and Future Roadmap","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Encryption; Chaotic; CHAOS (operating system); Computer science; Cryptography; Image (mathematics); Field (mathematics); Data science; Computer security; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006351889461998654,"gpt":0.1951992983308356,"spread":0.1888474088688369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001191984,0.0001839069,0.0002422248,0.0003050129,0.0004036505,0.0001084664,0.000608176,0.00004214658,0.00002298802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009989888,0.0001651121,0.00004313883,0.002426216,0.00003361058,0.0003637433,0.0004131417,0.0002416029,0.00003757497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003057414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001131029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009103534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003814488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978064,0.0001674041,0.0006802657,0.0004405928,0.0006769393,0.0002283526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984218,0.0000492783,0.0006003286,0.0006677019,0.0002277326,0.00003313161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000335307,0.00006361585,0.0001097323,0.000538434,0.00003112593,0.000006278214,0.00129152,0.0006967666,0.1632704,0.8116846,0.002197871,0.02007609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01445082,0.001628879,0.03597148,0.0008991041,0.0002339018,0.00202736,0.01224183,0.4206555,0.2235127,0.05991256,0.2230567,0.005409128],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3376223,0.0001094401,0.6494563,0.002057368,0.00247829,0.00192469,0.00004854641,0.0004605771,0.005842519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952801,0.000001557353,0.003949155,0.0001821584,0.000185629,0.0002356653,0.00002813652,0.00001820258,0.0001193202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.751772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6733075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910266708","doi":"10.3390/asi2010004","title":"Design and Implementation of a Contextual-Based Continuous Authentication Framework for Smart Homes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Security token; Computer science; Computer security; Authentication (law); Password; Multi-factor authentication; Physical access; Access control; Session (web analytics); Authentication protocol; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02020763288092525,"gpt":0.2790200694814163,"spread":0.2588124366004911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001034357,0.0001188805,0.0002474919,0.0002626598,0.00006678145,0.0001027145,0.0002332637,0.00008982238,0.00000541345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002176127,0.0001177718,0.00002522273,0.0006578588,0.0000205316,0.0001699363,0.00002715717,0.00004754028,0.00001977903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004995218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007486271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000145816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.118391e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986005,0.00006458743,0.0006336435,0.0003117619,0.0002388723,0.0001506483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998367,0.0002820846,0.0005396815,0.0004090884,0.0003787155,0.00002339078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001750076,0.00002185851,0.00109165,0.0003378974,0.00002078982,3.886868e-8,0.005501104,0.000005086757,0.01843834,0.9699484,0.00004039222,0.004576985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009574157,0.0008914098,0.02671424,0.000772827,0.0001145861,0.00001343546,0.01794424,0.646497,0.2098219,0.08448397,0.001891243,0.001281081],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2109226,0.00001486508,0.786523,0.0002022168,0.0001984499,0.001973453,0.000004236565,0.00009725653,0.0000638819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9599922,3.57731e-7,0.03946046,0.0001148225,0.00001888946,0.0003382826,0.00004103998,0.00001126965,0.00002268734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8854644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4802593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388653107","doi":"10.3390/asi6060108","title":"Simulating the Software Development Lifecycle: The Waterfall Model","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Waterfall model; Waterfall; Computer science; Python (programming language); Software development; Software; Software engineering; Economic shortage; Context (archaeology); Discrete event simulation; Resource (disambiguation); Software development process; Systems engineering; Simulation; Engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03718706402883065,"gpt":0.2569293244224455,"spread":0.2197422603936149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001490707,0.0001115339,0.00008602488,0.0001041451,0.0003893568,0.0002109417,0.0007074242,0.00005294255,5.88662e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007525013,0.00006375981,0.00001421024,0.001654472,0.00001082264,0.0001863349,0.0002540759,0.0001472925,0.00008306857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005791931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005026077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005434689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.671716e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989459,0.00002546624,0.0003289227,0.0002066855,0.0002953914,0.0001976432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988782,0.0003528281,0.0001540338,0.0005014965,0.0001015628,0.0000118971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003537499,0.000007959105,0.0001621208,0.0001068489,0.00003093055,0.000001960302,0.003365294,0.2497473,0.0009900535,0.6618403,0.002550829,0.08119282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008687718,0.000005927348,0.0006987059,0.00003970508,0.000003678913,0.000005235725,0.0001299295,0.9844446,0.002867665,0.003425559,0.008123937,0.0001681902],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03206802,0.00000739759,0.964168,0.0006016422,0.0001840323,0.0003315338,4.378512e-7,0.002159037,0.0004798766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9245828,6.808918e-7,0.07484068,0.0002187976,0.00006157205,0.0001866249,0.000008513262,0.00001335458,0.00008695369],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8925148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2994657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317393524","doi":"10.3390/asi6010015","title":"A Novel Hybrid Simulated Annealing for No-Wait Open-Shop Surgical Case Scheduling Problems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Simulated annealing; Job shop scheduling; Mathematical optimization; Metaheuristic; Computer science; Open-shop scheduling; Scheduling (production processes); Flow shop scheduling; Open shop; Algorithm; Mathematics; Schedule","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1639514141061686,"gpt":0.4349971203631405,"spread":0.2710457062569719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004329442,0.0002523244,0.0004675346,0.0004812202,0.002223991,0.0001380205,0.000233889,0.0003295209,0.0000406955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003740306,0.0002432609,0.00004196344,0.002816476,0.00002159382,0.0002715151,0.0001578813,0.0004616959,0.0004788314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003558488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005607153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004487717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006323461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965143,0.0001673763,0.0017609,0.0005947779,0.0002802717,0.0006823406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962061,0.0006489132,0.0005731635,0.0004264564,0.002039152,0.00010621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003746146,0.0001424706,0.0007417543,0.004776306,0.0001155962,0.0001330435,0.003173128,0.5621363,0.01191178,0.4105914,0.002749423,0.003154227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003676084,0.00006623614,0.00002529685,0.0006468964,0.00002171971,0.00009078973,0.004584576,0.9820809,0.0001518895,0.000166021,0.008125592,0.0003639394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6779773,0.00001439159,0.3013436,0.001311671,0.001458935,0.01004404,0.0002080178,0.00104902,0.006592964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9748762,0.000004008954,0.01939927,0.0003083622,0.0006756923,0.001458565,0.002203761,0.00009117383,0.000982917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4199447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800392420","doi":"10.3390/asi1020012","title":"Crude Glycerol as an Innovative Corrosion Inhibitor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"University of Regina","keywords":"Corrosion; Hydrochloric acid; Glycerol; Corrosion inhibitor; Scanning electron microscope; Nuclear chemistry; Biodiesel; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Materials science; Composite material; Biochemistry; Catalysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02074778685956382,"gpt":0.2796064093113725,"spread":0.2588586224518087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008309248,0.0002371868,0.0002525049,0.0003601005,0.0004290737,0.0001759076,0.0002180711,0.0001947501,0.000536023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004222959,0.0002196033,0.00002088847,0.002265265,0.000145477,0.0005378647,0.00008968495,0.0001343659,0.002531822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002402611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009555384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004367554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009827864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977017,0.00006907046,0.0007923912,0.0005641901,0.0005521265,0.0003205242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976984,0.00002322394,0.0004329197,0.0004778924,0.001307669,0.00005992078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001772028,0.00006860046,0.00009861451,0.00002211828,3.413855e-7,0.000001316952,0.0005803932,8.040867e-7,0.8863314,0.1098306,0.0009418492,0.001946695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006828486,0.0004019313,0.0004006029,0.00009135443,0.000008105144,0.0000195864,0.001000072,0.00008861164,0.9953313,0.0004637021,0.00123799,0.0002738694],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567819,0.000002107432,0.02644832,0.000047735,0.001452409,0.0006734098,0.0000228622,0.0004758393,0.01409539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974316,2.216172e-7,0.0006713012,0.0004407278,0.0008815268,0.0001863508,0.0001972365,0.00003774075,0.0001533168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1093669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012469836","doi":"10.3390/asi3010016","title":"Reducing Wooden Structure and Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Disaster Risk through Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Wildland–urban interface; Geography; Risk assessment; Fire regime; Boreal; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental resource management; Risk management; Climate change; Human settlement; Environmental planning; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Business; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006004902034609243,"gpt":0.2260872091481331,"spread":0.2200823071135238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003619218,0.000246486,0.0002682819,0.00003363463,0.0002164193,0.0001298967,0.0001482467,0.00009941973,0.0000323649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001006497,0.0002174236,0.00001534997,0.0005480052,0.00006252995,0.0002745583,0.0002782823,0.0002370813,0.00003975569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003741646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004214014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004259368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004114545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982624,0.0001016496,0.0004577075,0.0006214682,0.0003262829,0.0002304683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991945,0.00004152542,0.0004144087,0.0002850443,0.00001096446,0.000053576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003527838,0.000142546,0.559525,0.005796001,0.0008066645,0.00003511173,0.0352506,0.01309208,0.07622378,0.0129443,0.009083442,0.2867478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003491845,0.0003716724,0.4314421,0.000612325,0.0003046584,0.00004489504,0.006728521,0.5487168,0.001374206,0.0006647536,0.004879617,0.001368548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833385,0.00004653731,0.01215083,0.0002373552,0.0001611465,0.001216905,0.00004621894,0.0001148865,0.002687625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968954,0.00002361712,0.002730163,0.000121333,0.00005856176,0.00007079994,0.00003459169,0.00003269686,0.00003282922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5356247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8866277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200290763","doi":"10.3390/asi5010006","title":"New Business Models on Artificial Intelligence—The Case of the Optimization of a Blast Furnace in the Steel Industry by a Machine Learning Solution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business intelligence; Computer science; Process (computing); Analytics; Work (physics); Artificial intelligence; Manufacturing engineering; Scopus; Manufacturing; Business process; Business model; Industrial engineering; Process management; Database; Engineering; Work in process; Mechanical engineering; Operations management; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03218830643947899,"gpt":0.2257113024814406,"spread":0.1935229960419615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005087852,0.0001221238,0.0001437312,0.0001138216,0.00008311369,0.00005077399,0.0001698239,0.0001956584,0.000009400532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003994321,0.00008255353,0.00002297839,0.002842107,0.00003186997,0.0001887321,0.00002039185,0.0005053864,0.00000191434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009890778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006595258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006394587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002873726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987442,0.00006487071,0.000714294,0.0001092391,0.0002464328,0.0001209191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992443,0.00008632943,0.000213248,0.0002393013,0.0002066741,0.00001015474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001131384,0.00002189228,0.00001507725,0.0001367947,0.00001247071,0.000001768541,0.000845109,0.9021687,0.002646024,0.08762527,0.0001109143,0.006404667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002184504,0.0000138157,0.00005097359,0.0003088813,0.0000183985,0.0001100743,0.01081909,0.9509402,0.03646195,0.0008452691,0.00007027412,0.0001426544],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2336433,0.00003155654,0.7529123,0.000360194,0.0002461588,0.0005694781,0.00002742899,0.00006200027,0.01214756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999545,0.000001964925,0.0002478728,0.00002368529,0.00004541421,0.00003940945,0.0000506534,0.00001723433,0.00002875904],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7659017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3366435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220931225","doi":"10.3390/asi5020034","title":"Occupational Risk Assessment of Wind Turbines in Bangladesh","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Wind power; Renewable energy; Risk analysis (engineering); Work (physics); Hazard; Risk assessment; Ranking (information retrieval); Installation; Analytic hierarchy process; Computer science; Transport engineering; Engineering; Operations research; Business; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06887851925860204,"gpt":0.4484941817877777,"spread":0.3796156625291757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003999931,0.0001026743,0.0002584336,0.0006484279,0.0007794491,0.000003554724,0.0001676562,0.00009072437,0.0005363839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001079327,0.0001031541,0.00002222137,0.002362133,0.00002372805,0.00007162075,0.0001355289,0.0007789352,0.0000349129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009034806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001356257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000452118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004218002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966983,0.0006215686,0.001244053,0.0002451526,0.0008600494,0.000330881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978722,0.0007110941,0.000681088,0.0002401037,0.0004577503,0.00003773544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002113955,0.00007133126,0.6399305,0.0005052615,0.000008628819,8.216148e-7,0.0003039842,0.0009846968,0.0004600972,0.3552723,0.0007556321,0.001495346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00127935,0.00006609555,0.9893053,0.00005212218,0.000003459695,7.938675e-7,0.002518498,0.003257814,0.00001504117,0.0008709771,0.00254025,0.00009026117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9501596,0.0000150116,0.001270609,0.0002858232,0.0005390937,0.002118986,0.000255268,0.00004856102,0.04530707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968163,0.000001946912,0.0006515094,0.0001825563,0.0001672362,0.001281001,0.000717719,0.00001604565,0.0001656823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3544013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5994971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200422857","doi":"10.3390/asi5010003","title":"Developing a Decision-Making Framework to Improve Healthcare Service Quality during a Pandemic","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Disaster Response and Management","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Stakeholder; Quality (philosophy); Health care; Process management; Service (business); Set (abstract data type); Ranking (information retrieval); Work (physics); Computer science; Business; Rank (graph theory); Risk analysis (engineering); Management science; Knowledge management; Marketing; Engineering; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1035524188156836,"gpt":0.4640251396401769,"spread":0.3604727208244933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001880305,0.0001993032,0.0003781805,0.0002878724,0.0007571492,0.00004323262,0.0002043518,0.0002492617,0.0000394598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000455886,0.0002022224,0.00002850225,0.002938522,0.000005280157,0.00009780633,0.0004412314,0.0004465816,0.0005507436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009946048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000527948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009222404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002473688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967701,0.0003387961,0.001359557,0.000558948,0.0004453287,0.0005272119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973639,0.000617363,0.0004696301,0.0006526537,0.0008289056,0.00006756026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003609022,0.00001996174,0.003749379,0.00472075,0.00004915082,0.00001075603,0.01112285,0.00002320618,0.008562564,0.9453041,0.0001642822,0.02591213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005225735,0.00008941376,0.3122039,0.04114599,0.000103501,0.00002772389,0.4906776,0.000215146,0.00251332,0.1023145,0.04279957,0.002683629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7168894,0.0000205402,0.2748942,0.001744104,0.0007837595,0.001287577,0.00001051015,0.0002655399,0.004104323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9687757,0.000002046406,0.01790487,0.01185284,0.0003004476,0.0009084748,0.00002496316,0.00003896186,0.0001916735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8429895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8246388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399129738","doi":"10.3390/asi7030045","title":"Recent Trends of Authentication Methods in Extended Reality: A Survey","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Authentication (law); Computer science; Geography; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07987251338264958,"gpt":0.3776893815693652,"spread":0.2978168681867156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005555797,0.0001291952,0.0002637156,0.001128268,0.00003455617,0.0001417888,0.0004163271,0.0001036195,0.000009615623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006867336,0.0001232846,0.00002965906,0.007012183,0.00002209255,0.0002192514,0.00006924917,0.0001171481,0.00003043306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002053211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009310569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000132528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000487536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975765,0.0004298021,0.001043525,0.0004390629,0.0003386697,0.000172412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986117,0.0001926713,0.0002424598,0.0006513665,0.0002755884,0.00002615653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005567995,0.00004459437,0.000111807,0.0002091052,0.00001794706,7.119462e-7,0.00769059,0.000001662976,0.01056957,0.7825781,0.0001922789,0.1985781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001018322,0.00008207595,0.1932165,0.0006493402,0.00003143455,0.00002886479,0.000929902,0.7381704,0.02179336,0.0218424,0.02150288,0.0007344643],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02714298,0.0002345095,0.9623834,0.0008408716,0.0009685911,0.0004516526,0.0000123699,0.0004194656,0.00754613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935517,0.000007863899,0.005983607,0.00003038735,0.00002878799,0.0001043269,0.00009558409,0.00001209717,0.0001856126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9664087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5027401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409433157","doi":"10.3390/asi8020052","title":"Real-Time Large-Scale Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) CICIoT Dataset Traffic Assessment Based on Deep Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intrusion detection system; Computer science; Scale (ratio); Deep learning; Intrusion prevention system; Intrusion; Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Cartography; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007250121245035593,"gpt":0.2454738275213302,"spread":0.2382237062762946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001899264,0.0002416858,0.0002959886,0.0007259226,0.0007198596,0.0002741348,0.0002706117,0.0002289678,0.000008213026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002101034,0.0002467524,0.00003632979,0.00227824,0.00002120762,0.0003465495,0.0001470847,0.0003479719,0.0000419969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005231607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006483851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001678096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002152268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975597,0.0002961805,0.0007110158,0.0006910496,0.0004501238,0.0002918857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986851,0.0001300864,0.0004316557,0.0005394986,0.0001716776,0.00004203961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003167172,0.000296501,0.00007440445,0.001523793,0.00008519344,0.000007061231,0.0004385193,0.04391146,0.09186465,0.4224045,0.000967358,0.4381098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008209387,0.0002088817,0.0009191693,0.0004721944,0.0000230656,0.000007245146,0.0003089883,0.9916432,0.003298713,0.0001426974,0.00193029,0.0002246397],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1455751,0.00001055791,0.8475342,0.00008445869,0.0006427993,0.0008819308,0.0000115504,0.0007158173,0.004543524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943869,0.00000667545,0.004798919,0.0000808133,0.0001155169,0.0001767369,0.0003634281,0.00001564052,0.00005535879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9477317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283458102","doi":"10.3390/asi5040061","title":"The Dichotomy of Neural Networks and Cryptography: War and Peace","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Cryptosystem; Cryptography; Artificial neural network; Encryption; Computer science; Neural cryptography; Cryptanalysis; Computer security; Confidentiality; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Public-key cryptography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006251737518611416,"gpt":0.209526711123029,"spread":0.2032749736044175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005116019,0.00007363254,0.00009566492,0.0001356652,0.0004035457,0.00003476996,0.0002147903,0.00002258752,4.004096e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006431517,0.00006168908,0.000009932504,0.001232884,0.00004865808,0.0001131674,0.0002520696,0.0001325512,8.277532e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002627242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006899019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007496436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.924452e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992159,0.00004308478,0.0002622411,0.0001960391,0.0001758331,0.000106916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993448,0.00007946411,0.0002279178,0.000258698,0.00007681541,0.000012292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001462102,0.000006392394,0.000285849,0.00003179242,0.000009187971,8.970455e-7,0.0001774498,0.0006930463,0.003510429,0.9261892,0.0002163402,0.06886479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001915555,0.0007270738,0.01167007,0.00006143875,0.00002934928,0.0003980082,0.004634366,0.8732802,0.02648833,0.04244928,0.03727812,0.001068205],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05890644,0.0002970323,0.9395546,0.00009870636,0.0001375669,0.0003752769,9.35945e-7,0.0002442738,0.0003851829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994388,0.0000150171,0.005273934,0.00006812417,0.00001975114,0.000222293,0.000001856385,0.000006290652,0.000004673601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9354816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3103788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133630228","doi":"10.3390/asi4010021","title":"An Ontological Approach for Early Detection of Suspected COVID-19 among COPD Patients","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"COPD; Context (archaeology); Medicine; Intensive care medicine; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Pulmonary disease; Computer science; Disease; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0232160481084306,"gpt":0.2734746940607538,"spread":0.2502586459523232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002851535,0.0001046637,0.0001786894,0.00006045579,0.00008546965,0.00001586975,0.0001017921,0.0003013552,0.000002045834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002717931,0.00009461655,0.00003396394,0.0003871567,0.00008731957,0.000002925449,0.00002821072,0.00005859885,5.895316e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004324042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007438131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002453306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001634464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989673,0.00005674552,0.0003587233,0.0003337845,0.0001371287,0.0001462609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991234,0.00002078391,0.0002098551,0.0002383644,0.0003581685,0.00004944744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003135352,0.0002759988,0.03162811,0.0003461276,0.00006850089,8.114245e-7,0.0001394713,0.00004105274,0.9482018,0.007612749,0.0002254823,0.0111463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004253193,0.001326888,0.1949001,0.00002389234,0.00005573634,0.000009276259,0.002568568,0.0012091,0.7914777,0.0003164335,0.00335834,0.0005006696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7094752,0.00001846495,0.2895574,0.000008315163,0.00007391834,0.0002693371,0.00001643637,0.00003838765,0.0005425463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938146,8.457008e-7,0.004651122,0.00008462293,0.00009448817,0.000149035,0.001164082,0.00001078565,0.00003037861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2849062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3858351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214861377","doi":"10.3390/asi5020033","title":"Implementation of Linear Programming and Decision-Making Model for the Improvement of Warehouse Utilization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Warehouse; Pallet; TOPSIS; Analytic hierarchy process; Computer science; Rack; Linear programming; Operations research; Process (computing); Manufacturing engineering; Engineering; Business; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02982752829849203,"gpt":0.2918366899163121,"spread":0.2620091616178201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003070154,0.0000679359,0.00009721289,0.0001109809,0.0001439726,0.000007040559,0.0000558204,0.00001953845,0.000001598553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009522661,0.0000615134,0.0000117015,0.0002844949,0.0000108442,0.00004075065,0.00003160085,0.00004160786,3.727647e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007291396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001230408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004621152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002646792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992787,0.000003127268,0.0004021438,0.00009309097,0.0001445602,0.00007833404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994945,0.00008856339,0.0001961668,0.0001113675,0.0001047255,0.00000467561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001582443,0.000005033983,0.00001686597,0.0002020993,0.00001290396,1.308492e-8,0.0003967103,0.8111809,0.002513149,0.03077833,0.00000849337,0.1548697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003067645,0.00003464409,0.00004690938,0.0000173788,0.00001856835,4.134829e-7,0.002819241,0.9848031,0.01033303,0.001515309,0.00004494637,0.00005968007],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06846147,0.00002940845,0.9305395,0.00000338924,0.00007887979,0.0007757026,0.00002572191,0.0000661491,0.00001973813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9452631,0.000004832425,0.05427519,0.000005964724,0.00001486562,0.0003627744,0.00005367686,0.00001847519,0.000001049033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8768017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2508443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289110637","doi":"10.3390/asi5040075","title":"AI Makes Crypto Evolve","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","keywords":"Cryptography; Coevolution; Path (computing); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science; Computer security; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009779619122800079,"gpt":0.2337227830087934,"spread":0.2239431638859933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005018716,0.0001142149,0.0001313197,0.0003913119,0.0003690161,0.00007315723,0.0005352007,0.00003656161,0.000020752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001024233,0.0001283164,0.00002143413,0.002602991,0.00001329886,0.0002728722,0.0003239823,0.0002051708,0.00004076554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000361263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004575504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006662507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.57007e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986464,0.00004029159,0.0003739049,0.000355504,0.0004068102,0.0001771148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990169,0.00002664018,0.0002290527,0.0005357105,0.0001744408,0.00001722607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005354268,0.00001369789,0.0000118154,0.00002176628,0.000004774653,0.000002605982,0.0001555935,0.0003149823,0.01412852,0.9652897,0.002543523,0.01750767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001757284,0.0005752686,0.0007202187,0.00006229922,0.00001674368,0.0003770053,0.003446956,0.05400715,0.4030004,0.2099277,0.3242474,0.001861528],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002967304,0.00001005872,0.985121,0.0003177109,0.0005363834,0.0004299992,0.000003215536,0.001788604,0.008825696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9548984,1.716958e-7,0.04298251,0.001099442,0.00006033272,0.000805979,0.00001249779,0.00001423281,0.0001263836],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9519311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.523259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391814259","doi":"10.3390/asi7010016","title":"Deep Learning Method to Detect Missing Welds for Joist Assembly Line","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canam Group (Canada); École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Joist; Line (geometry); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Speech recognition; Engineering; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01904366783879067,"gpt":0.2907036677723623,"spread":0.2716599999335716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006283622,0.0001472362,0.0001767371,0.0002935142,0.0001112111,0.0001721116,0.00009130371,0.0001335026,0.000003518463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003087736,0.0001374647,0.00003213516,0.0009724649,0.000004058629,0.0000532076,0.00002145609,0.0001678805,0.00001851621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001402779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009651219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001132642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002632041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990926,0.00001466024,0.0003554983,0.0002098343,0.0001269825,0.0002003627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999617,0.0001280542,0.00003410863,0.0001176678,0.00007504572,0.00002816833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000148175,0.00000343644,0.000003235584,0.002668711,0.0000714448,0.000004294196,0.0001943062,0.1275739,0.4044885,0.06256975,0.002527467,0.3998802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001490992,0.00007905386,0.00003713755,0.0006648303,0.00003646563,0.00001586946,0.0001845068,0.2586994,0.6487015,0.001450293,0.08959997,0.0003817715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006216912,0.0002228781,0.9848382,0.0001114907,0.000299953,0.0004857526,0.000002753357,0.002227768,0.005594245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8417227,0.000002619702,0.157538,0.00002428269,0.0003236108,0.0002238243,0.00003139202,0.00005824294,0.00007538528],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8355057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5605647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117476672","doi":"10.3390/asi9010010","title":"An Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Transfer Graph Framework for Time-Dependent Intermodal Transport Optimization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Francophone University Association","funders":"","keywords":"Modular design; Subnetwork; Scalability; Graph; Computation; Routing (electronic design automation); Bridging (networking); Schedule","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01649653425590351,"gpt":0.2789315333341962,"spread":0.2624349990782927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000814243,0.000229448,0.0002882179,0.0004849752,0.0001286267,0.0000651712,0.0002177793,0.0002822356,0.00002876832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002950766,0.0002656907,0.00004875351,0.001687929,0.00002627381,0.0001647001,0.000005549387,0.0001890887,0.00001008912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001584214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003588086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001556091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000120423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982614,0.00004144838,0.0009043447,0.0003507582,0.0001900569,0.0002519738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992021,0.0001051063,0.00006630987,0.0003301548,0.0002650909,0.00003129329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004566536,0.00002036939,0.000002962281,0.0001869438,0.00003027322,1.325091e-7,0.0003179657,0.6387213,0.05375241,0.2947742,0.000003795929,0.01214396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001374385,0.00002617587,0.00001279845,0.0001283776,0.00003493694,6.228398e-7,0.0004130174,0.7897425,0.2025677,0.00669278,0.000008335819,0.0002353349],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02360504,0.000007172881,0.9718024,0.00003190191,0.000571219,0.001078038,0.00002021294,0.0009555475,0.001928533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7700222,0.000001621528,0.2292787,0.0000436163,0.00009020064,0.000319312,0.0001820891,0.00004646925,0.00001571673],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7464172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985320692","doi":"10.3390/asi2040036","title":"The Leaky Feeder, a Reliable Medium for Vehicle to Infrastructure Communications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Antenna Design and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-shift keying; Transmitter; Bit error rate; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Transceiver; Transmission (telecommunications); Quadrature (astronomy); Electronic engineering; Antenna (radio); Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Wireless; Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01083447914793686,"gpt":0.2193079690727611,"spread":0.2084734899248242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003105625,0.00009222973,0.0001312984,0.00009831945,0.0001895325,0.00006499395,0.0003010186,0.00006478818,0.000004923292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001158332,0.00007137463,0.00002513835,0.0009108756,0.00001304624,0.00004769468,0.00003425964,0.00009141925,0.0001428077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008682004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001579682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006156661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007026794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993141,0.000006854375,0.0002968561,0.0001068781,0.0001159731,0.0001592869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991463,0.00007286553,0.00005532409,0.000558023,0.0001477381,0.00001968073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002293124,0.000007011261,0.0004617744,0.0002276266,0.0001100795,6.508575e-8,0.0003982779,0.004579146,0.4068352,0.569271,0.01489762,0.003189284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001123097,0.00005612947,0.003224936,0.0001527139,0.0000705047,0.000003429416,0.007034324,0.749279,0.008716883,0.002875211,0.2268863,0.0005774763],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1672681,0.00026361,0.7936245,0.002492046,0.0009657557,0.003134839,0.00002869618,0.001040481,0.03118201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971876,0.000006462494,0.001830482,0.000139287,0.00006559857,0.0002456571,0.00004846726,0.0000245606,0.0004518542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8299196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2910573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416913269","doi":"10.3390/asi8060186","title":"Zero-Shot to Head-Shot: Hyperpersonalization in the Age of Generative AI","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Encana (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Personalization; Clickstream; Automation; Key (lock); Analytics; Modality (human–computer interaction); Generative grammar; Feature (linguistics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08438652990202869,"gpt":0.3970087656684784,"spread":0.3126222357664497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002514549,0.00007852187,0.0001659304,0.0002345476,0.0003402955,0.0001120575,0.0002092836,0.0001472934,0.000005429556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002779178,0.00006604761,0.00002086083,0.002848125,0.00009025388,0.0001193239,0.00001924371,0.00014418,0.000006362925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001903621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002464482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001849398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002163139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987252,0.0001876091,0.0003744207,0.000150037,0.0003983454,0.0001644392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991407,0.0001451264,0.0001123522,0.0001338015,0.0004536051,0.00001438761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001019793,0.00002284609,0.0005092929,0.00003703876,0.000008297565,5.417651e-7,0.03995528,0.00005583927,0.00935511,0.9480415,0.001407014,0.0005970301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003143231,0.0002856966,0.05606938,0.001425006,0.0001105502,0.000001234904,0.4229156,0.0004983888,0.01866299,0.3247747,0.170759,0.001354326],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4887102,0.00002713261,0.02492,0.02493218,0.0004235655,0.001522907,0.000009207887,0.00005927675,0.4593956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923912,0.000003256651,0.0001577757,0.006907384,0.0001043095,0.00007090945,0.00003105915,0.000005275892,0.000328809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6232669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2795749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412833402","doi":"10.3390/asi8040102","title":"Hybrid Model-Based Traffic Network Control Using Population Games","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Traffic control and management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"VisSim; Computer science; Game theory; Intersection (aeronautics); Replicator equation; Traffic generation model; Population; Traffic simulation; Mathematical optimization; Distributed computing; Simulation; Transport engineering; Computer network; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008208742849631863,"gpt":0.2018691970758351,"spread":0.1936604542262033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002791045,0.0001538364,0.0002221066,0.0002492214,0.00008773172,0.00004766606,0.00008103278,0.00005672874,0.000001993146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003475406,0.000165238,0.00003092972,0.0006451566,0.000006988844,0.00005604371,0.000007565941,0.00007884633,0.000005814496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002348618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002046028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005510807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004102169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999005,0.00001256859,0.0004546955,0.0001767256,0.000134167,0.0002168548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996291,0.00002350833,0.00007298341,0.0002009717,0.00005946489,0.00001391352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001741741,0.000006709459,0.0000261305,0.0002138568,0.00004293766,4.456897e-7,0.000006947317,0.8570302,0.0009773847,0.1224986,0.0005977601,0.01858164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001002945,0.000003334684,0.000748918,0.00008617561,0.0000489615,3.238978e-7,0.00001994575,0.9971993,0.00006689017,0.000283341,0.0004011163,0.0001387723],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2591583,0.00005564693,0.7358006,0.00003065516,0.0004252177,0.0005676484,0.000003820737,0.0007325417,0.003225533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981574,3.942605e-7,0.001322773,0.0001523357,0.0001253147,0.0001195526,0.00006953016,0.00002268759,0.00002997911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7389991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6738211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}