{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"18d962db2f4b","filters":{"venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W2113282136","doi":"10.1094/ats-2005-0117-01-rs","title":"Recovery of Bermudagrass Varieties from Divot Injury","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science","topic":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Agronomy; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005765743208959325,"gpt":0.2063580736116319,"spread":0.2005923304026726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005052857,0.0001868356,0.0001964843,0.0001028074,0.0002381623,0.00007861605,0.0008326388,0.00005438285,0.001683337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003689818,0.0001676627,0.00006093887,0.0008641184,0.001074374,0.0005148073,0.0005367735,0.0001234166,0.0007047802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001977717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003498673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006707865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002919917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997681,0.00001749089,0.0003408727,0.000591134,0.0009512461,0.0004182482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990522,0.0000625471,0.0001864487,0.000517756,0.00001841905,0.000162656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009015835,0.0003396722,0.008970859,0.000009024502,0.00002700102,0.000002110366,0.001183872,0.009436466,0.6217765,0.04643818,0.01576417,0.295962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008594022,0.0001875768,0.435765,0.00001999845,0.00007148829,0.000002023793,0.001014384,0.003163743,0.2899677,0.03609056,0.2317215,0.001136583],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8190493,0.00003280831,0.006845979,0.0008307564,0.0003490502,0.000532268,0.00002593624,0.0001330957,0.1722008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861644,0.00002902848,0.01215096,0.0007549776,0.00004963346,0.00005523859,0.000006697902,0.00001227427,0.0007768266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4267941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154627737","doi":"10.1094/ats-2010-0212-02-rs","title":"Canada Goose Weed Dispersal and Nutrient Loading in Turfgrass Systems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"North Carolina State University","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Goose; Weed; Nutrient; Ecology; Agronomy; Biology; Environmental science; Geography; Agroforestry; Environmental health; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002903808315252221,"gpt":0.175653178139876,"spread":0.1727493698246237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006668048,0.0001867026,0.0001784311,0.00008057912,0.0002952667,0.0001745632,0.0005521536,0.00004662684,0.00006651446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002825182,0.0001531947,0.00001646122,0.0007791056,0.00061908,0.000217411,0.0003721283,0.000254589,0.00004025951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002586909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009486448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4696402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4647642,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977822,0.00001290307,0.0002298542,0.000635464,0.0007376896,0.0006018802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992598,0.00004825666,0.00007362171,0.0003367951,0.000006391116,0.0002751928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003777243,0.0002017343,0.4057751,0.00005183557,0.00001114273,0.00009016566,0.0007567224,0.002852115,0.5179706,0.05060016,0.01068247,0.01097019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001454107,0.00004655914,0.8463159,0.00004031047,0.00001962274,0.00002892292,0.001245165,0.01984433,0.005300387,0.0008332723,0.1238692,0.001002242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712265,0.00002022667,0.0001018351,0.0004783137,0.000566148,0.0004809781,0.000005228415,0.00002869683,0.02709204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991192,0.000006257203,0.0001990452,0.0003137199,0.00004781766,0.00007098428,0.000001745661,0.000009892427,0.0002313536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5126702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004041822","doi":"10.1094/ats-2011-0926-01-rs","title":"Bermudagrass Cultivars Differ in Their Summer Traffic Tolerance and Ability to Maintain Green Turf Coverage Under Fall Traffic","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science","topic":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cultivar; Cynodon; Geography; Agronomy; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005344548761968,"gpt":0.2221337462718949,"spread":0.2020803007842752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009477946,0.0003700959,0.0003117418,0.0001731294,0.0002859814,0.000106253,0.0008262644,0.00008671626,0.0002882964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002318654,0.0003053681,0.00005895349,0.00131934,0.001014724,0.0004050599,0.0004763449,0.0002432315,0.0001911181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003899201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003151952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001042675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005305545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99677,0.00006120653,0.0004073904,0.001227491,0.0006831952,0.0008507542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988182,0.00007067376,0.0001011041,0.0005786653,0.00001645549,0.000414908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005438104,0.002703086,0.164834,0.0001222248,0.00005008787,0.00007950622,0.04194413,0.2170916,0.1411306,0.05540922,0.001916044,0.3741757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007162363,0.0000684569,0.9890134,0.00001200492,0.000008742892,0.000003770758,0.001170106,0.003684446,0.0009857269,0.002290169,0.001535581,0.0005113999],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876192,0.00001311092,0.002152632,0.0005689699,0.0001262739,0.001004268,0.00001047853,0.0001005354,0.008404599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960142,0.00001604566,0.001828585,0.001767887,0.00001479538,0.0001298489,0.000003790911,0.00002299634,0.0002017939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8241794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978610399","doi":"10.1094/ats-2010-0326-01-rs","title":"Cultivar Response of Seeded Bermudagrass to Leaf Spot and the Influence of Nitrogen on Disease Severity","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science","topic":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Leaf spot; Stolon; Cultivar; Cynodon; Cynodon dactylon; Agronomy; Exserohilum; Biology; Blight; Growing season; Horticulture","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004781742477308849,"gpt":0.2206685355041021,"spread":0.2158867930267933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001702393,0.000159667,0.0001891688,0.0000959663,0.0002397627,0.00003818024,0.0007450858,0.00003198625,0.00006993915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004183353,0.0001085636,0.00004482278,0.000878449,0.002572729,0.0001662587,0.0004942582,0.0001542961,0.00005687316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004352763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004648768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003002982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009499791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980754,0.00005070968,0.0002724546,0.0004771401,0.0008274648,0.0002968324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998685,0.0002263507,0.0001625385,0.0006086165,0.0000336551,0.0002838258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002148552,0.000132298,0.02225559,0.00001279716,0.000007398836,0.000002358707,0.001228909,0.006405568,0.9394627,0.0263296,0.0002264778,0.0017877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006695439,0.00003968705,0.9539801,0.000007894808,0.000015583,9.946752e-7,0.0002034916,0.0003076498,0.04075203,0.002684335,0.001187046,0.0001516509],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955508,0.000001899252,0.0001310065,0.001257176,0.00005780334,0.0006572395,0.00001135132,0.00002348712,0.002309228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976985,0.000003636987,0.001351845,0.0007750334,0.000006862457,0.00005235921,7.210397e-7,0.00000767693,0.0001033528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9317245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9479326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030210531","doi":"10.2134/ats-2013-0020bc","title":"How Management of Plants on Constructed Rootzones Influences Root Growth and Plant Competition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Turfgrass Science","topic":"Seedling growth and survival studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Nutrient; Biology; Agronomy; Moss; Limiting; Plant growth; Irrigation; Competition (biology); Environmental science; Ecology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007896828628301265,"gpt":0.1880239836395996,"spread":0.1801271550112983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001745281,0.0001439889,0.0001572202,0.00006176686,0.0002899614,0.00009896541,0.0003100649,0.00002886659,0.00006372824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001018022,0.0001097278,0.00001642997,0.0003440368,0.001517936,0.0002001588,0.0002321355,0.00006631866,0.00005379864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002812691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005003971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003709905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000273545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985435,0.00001205839,0.0001449694,0.000397843,0.0005782252,0.0003233743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995625,0.00006628401,0.00009193062,0.0001556406,0.00000980762,0.0001138293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008103885,0.0002134357,0.626039,0.0001180677,0.00006566918,0.00001472255,0.001169728,0.0001646825,0.16039,0.1818935,0.0004482559,0.02940196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002669964,0.00005839049,0.9729214,0.00003452931,0.000007272858,0.000004442115,0.001386888,0.00007872152,0.02087978,0.00411694,0.00006910363,0.0001755384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.962433,0.00003002836,0.00006314473,0.0001961119,0.00009800176,0.0002871521,0.000008069942,0.00003262914,0.03685186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999003,0.00003956044,0.0008009121,0.00007114861,0.000008505544,0.00004238313,0.00000264689,0.00000424767,0.0000276194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3468824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}