{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1626,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":1626,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"2c90fc9c9655","filters":{"venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2124610638","doi":"10.5194/acp-3-161-2003","title":"Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1835,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología; Generalitat Valenciana; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","keywords":"Isoprene; Chemistry; Degradation (telecommunications); Troposphere; Montreal Protocol; Environmental chemistry; Reaction mechanism; Ozone; Organic chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Computational chemistry; Ozone layer; Meteorology; Catalysis; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01697133703446016,"gpt":0.2192685077506429,"spread":0.2022971707161828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001656872,0.000217731,0.0002601669,5.666493e-8,0.000219652,0.00002496977,0.0002924254,0.00008942121,0.0010819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003053212,0.0001345109,0.0000989382,0.0002571766,0.0001564449,0.00008014399,0.0000218274,0.0001254357,0.000003225669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001258233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000191351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001761319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005874812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988448,0.00002205272,0.0004350539,0.0002383118,0.0002364577,0.000223301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990538,0.0002026576,0.0003069607,0.0003224626,0.00005142063,0.00006263634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004181401,0.0005842542,0.04395354,0.003631552,0.0004931735,9.867618e-7,0.002109613,0.001704513,0.8421422,0.0001146371,0.001371236,0.1034761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070188,0.00004296166,0.001829337,0.0001153665,0.00006975562,0.000009081663,0.0004083622,0.02537783,0.9653926,0.001390666,0.004001458,0.0002923521],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9652478,0.00002775606,0.02097972,0.0000432845,0.00007037615,0.0114454,0.00001827045,0.00002597451,0.002141399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9328331,0.000002465233,0.06196922,0.0000466505,0.000118667,0.002522124,0.0000360734,0.00002106581,0.002450628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1232504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998313,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124088034","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-5951-2010","title":"Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1470,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Environmental science; Natural gas; Environmental chemistry; Fossil fuel; Emission inventory; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental engineering; Environmental protection; Air pollution; Waste management; Chemistry; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005368260556171595,"gpt":0.2356366166023779,"spread":0.2302683560462064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004326483,0.0001492065,0.0001192823,1.335522e-8,0.0003683251,0.00004706481,0.0001307548,0.00005031662,0.002454611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002508045,0.0001016574,0.00003424468,0.0001509515,0.0003198348,0.00008695085,0.0001745312,0.0001474784,0.00005075218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001585276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008684468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004389541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008131833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993241,0.00001003374,0.0000988275,0.0002458183,0.0001421362,0.0001790677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954,0.00005363231,0.00003748565,0.0002057845,0.000006959882,0.0001561156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003263101,0.00007621873,0.3251379,0.00001778384,0.00009481462,0.000003955583,0.002698119,0.0002241697,0.1250545,0.0000769582,0.01012469,0.5364583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007079193,0.00004291203,0.7698718,0.00003279416,0.0001595816,0.00004356072,0.002854706,0.006598999,0.02134132,0.005165719,0.1922786,0.0009021531],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960608,0.000409045,0.0001451307,0.0006487768,0.0001036627,0.00007454048,0.0000254205,0.00002598894,0.002506586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958298,0.00006916792,0.002412912,0.0003482595,0.0002085655,0.0000073541,0.000007667154,0.000006767716,0.001109458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5355561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083988711","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013","title":"Recommendations for reporting \"black carbon\" measurements","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Brookhaven National Laboratory; Forschungszentrum Jülich","keywords":"Terminology; Ambiguity; Black sea; Carbon black; Climate change; Key (lock); Environmental science; Computer science; Chemistry; Linguistics; Geology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04062948864515013,"gpt":0.2442914619157306,"spread":0.2036619732705805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001508297,0.0001780463,0.000198422,3.38242e-8,0.0001849213,0.00007982049,0.0001151296,0.00007580225,0.003753725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008835719,0.0001667023,0.00007032511,0.0001227585,0.00008971782,0.0001543472,0.000009970137,0.0001096591,0.0000269926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006779185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003780817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005042966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004734381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988269,0.000009461891,0.0004322432,0.0003154214,0.000131162,0.0002848295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991395,0.00008755051,0.0003413868,0.0002043874,0.00008228143,0.0001449042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002749827,0.00008441322,0.2129384,0.000393775,0.0001397691,0.000002696643,0.0004001679,0.001759558,0.02229974,0.000008564108,0.007090391,0.754855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003963888,0.0002548952,0.1093105,0.0003894386,0.0003615456,0.0001047731,0.003093481,0.5947324,0.1880601,0.02495443,0.07108994,0.003684518],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9607794,0.0001379814,0.001238245,0.0004282993,0.00007805088,0.0002617767,0.00001692566,0.00006613003,0.03699323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9548396,0.00003339604,0.0379218,0.0001878859,0.0004293195,0.00002029927,0.0001940665,0.000009195131,0.00636438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7511705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978316624","doi":"10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015","title":"HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1040,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Directorate-General for the Environment","keywords":"Environmental science; Mosaic; Grid; Pollution; Meteorology; Air pollution; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography; Chemistry; Geodesy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008586339377607605,"gpt":0.2134132088524353,"spread":0.2048268694748276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001019415,0.0001910417,0.0002553395,7.042077e-8,0.00006328317,0.000003727588,0.00009354356,0.00007843346,0.00004746049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006749236,0.0001822488,0.00003930575,0.0001633159,0.0002712392,0.00009447049,0.000084671,0.00005956438,7.101392e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007073849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001518414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003277123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003779062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990184,0.00001087435,0.0002318091,0.0003381715,0.000221939,0.000178771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994602,0.00001500443,0.0001082041,0.000173259,0.000009755783,0.0002335608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009030699,0.00140567,0.7734287,0.0002923383,0.0001255355,0.000007442026,0.002785482,0.03865799,0.02814261,0.0000194233,0.004695759,0.149536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008836505,0.002106817,0.9034407,0.0001506863,0.0005242399,0.0001172603,0.007903041,0.04410032,0.01220185,0.007289569,0.01159434,0.001734632],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934853,0.0001861036,0.005615789,0.0001073225,0.00002710501,0.0002822303,0.00003751553,0.00001139052,0.0002472193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649027,0.00006104675,0.03407536,0.00009212356,0.00004283965,0.00001976434,0.00001994615,0.00001356381,0.0007726827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1478013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.743189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254689893","doi":"10.5194/acp-3-181-2003","title":"Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":933,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","keywords":"Chemistry; Troposphere; Degradation (telecommunications); Ozone; Montreal Protocol; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Meteorology; Ozone layer; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01956304789487236,"gpt":0.2175782047373513,"spread":0.1980151568424789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000162602,0.0002066982,0.0002457486,5.093327e-8,0.0002088208,0.00002385012,0.0002764936,0.00008398941,0.001143626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003545469,0.0001268658,0.00009475622,0.00024306,0.0001531365,0.0000755533,0.0000198908,0.0001196067,0.000002862596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001196912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001772191,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001451395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005862003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988785,0.00002544159,0.0004231753,0.0002280068,0.0002321289,0.0002127694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990708,0.0002131068,0.000299617,0.0003095115,0.00004777051,0.00005916744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005276282,0.0007253013,0.05427872,0.004284845,0.0006223371,0.000001167175,0.002349728,0.00203496,0.8080988,0.0003238484,0.001574886,0.1251778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001019079,0.0000401941,0.001420283,0.0001093027,0.00007161299,0.00001034535,0.0004196779,0.01609663,0.9720335,0.002357891,0.006125901,0.0002955722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9702615,0.00003925335,0.01584176,0.00005097568,0.00007032241,0.01149086,0.00001939653,0.00003127445,0.002194694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9315443,0.000002802212,0.06276896,0.00005212674,0.0001260473,0.002632711,0.00003836362,0.00002206892,0.002812632],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1639347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163882954","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-779-2012","title":"Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":897,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Haze; Sulfate; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Total organic carbon; Nitrate; Atmospheric sciences; Ammonium; Ammonium sulfate; Chemistry; Meteorology; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007886292288679075,"gpt":0.208883410058251,"spread":0.200997117769572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000190862,0.0004463309,0.0004752566,6.055293e-8,0.0002850775,0.00009874821,0.0001974031,0.0002553295,0.0006506848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001986633,0.0003989365,0.00007575966,0.0004551836,0.0005344101,0.0003834714,0.00004940198,0.0004641703,0.000009611382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004849796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008696081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001633042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007302408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980225,0.00006366504,0.0003677227,0.000569705,0.0003189003,0.0006575292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989231,0.0001252823,0.0001633632,0.0003080572,0.00004499887,0.0004351826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002587007,0.0003988409,0.9733659,0.0001915731,0.00006862075,0.00001204197,0.0001943761,0.001227976,0.001668906,0.0000709182,0.0007772781,0.02176485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003225428,0.0001899544,0.8682849,0.0002693572,0.0002190191,0.0004634004,0.0004093196,0.1140111,0.006784082,0.001348595,0.002786489,0.002008351],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810183,0.0006756774,0.01527492,0.0002243807,0.00005841578,0.0002433373,0.0002654222,0.00008202671,0.002157485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9769189,0.00005374594,0.0211039,0.00009211338,0.0003675011,0.00001157788,0.001315821,0.00001070973,0.0001256939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1127831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125855972","doi":"10.5194/acp-6-1815-2006","title":"An AeroCom initial assessment – optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":850,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; AERONET; Context (archaeology); Environmental science; Radiative transfer; Atmospheric sciences; Radiative forcing; Satellite; Forcing (mathematics); Absorption (acoustics); Meteorology; Physics; Geography; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009382062728749398,"gpt":0.2323591813417418,"spread":0.2229771186129924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005754697,0.0001941578,0.000240838,7.884575e-9,0.00006636164,0.00002550082,0.0001592551,0.00008435326,0.0002580547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000102896,0.0001747135,0.00004665219,0.0001380823,0.000331392,0.0002092811,0.00009937403,0.0001123415,0.000003601248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000133729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002086507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001162936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003044109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998881,0.00002053305,0.0002682865,0.0003201428,0.0002602369,0.0002497913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.00001061283,0.00007336561,0.0002256497,0.000009442519,0.0000841722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001269099,0.002678792,0.2158779,0.0001476994,0.00002943794,0.00002178017,0.000232807,0.4640259,0.2333323,0.001702204,0.0001457878,0.08167847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001215237,0.0001449971,0.2062451,0.00005758154,0.00003571483,0.00001369877,0.0002923019,0.7389641,0.04271498,0.00961767,0.0000695987,0.0006289549],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9761497,0.00005951808,0.008631849,0.00002131956,0.00001562158,0.0001170157,0.00000704507,0.00002382563,0.01497407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9769532,0.00001090258,0.02276961,0.00002463185,0.00007313093,0.00002107923,0.00001079033,0.00001128995,0.0001253355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2749383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.712461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023168822","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-2793-2013","title":"Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: a multi-model analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":815,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"European Commission; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Princeton University; Met Office; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Carbon dioxide; Atmospheric sciences; Global warming; Climate change; Global temperature; Climatology; Climate model; Atmosphere (unit); Carbon cycle; Global change; Meteorology; Chemistry; Physics; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00751590295633287,"gpt":0.2131148639438707,"spread":0.2055989609875378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001392948,0.0001550544,0.000191205,2.082894e-7,0.000156525,0.00001871772,0.00008939927,0.00005841167,0.00006576717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001720699,0.0001227355,0.00008849433,0.0003830056,0.0002890189,0.000100763,0.0001081752,0.00007662323,0.000002490953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005982014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005097915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005518277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009934036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992027,0.00001975012,0.0001899309,0.0002636265,0.0001328815,0.0001911258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999428,0.0001703245,0.0001158144,0.00019716,0.00000937166,0.00007932525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000123161,0.0001487873,0.0755294,0.00004042679,0.0001954919,4.17116e-7,0.000399947,0.8158337,0.02102459,0.000002712878,0.00001974293,0.08668164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003343255,0.00003417111,0.04826659,0.000003068402,0.000326226,0.000001757594,0.0002835588,0.950094,0.000359098,0.0001308638,0.00003340199,0.0001329124],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7910295,0.00009258194,0.2085577,0.00004039321,0.000007727163,0.0001721164,0.000008120471,0.00001439419,0.00007745857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9410598,0.0002046941,0.05797959,0.00004096075,0.00001344092,0.00005053828,0.000007954602,0.0000155416,0.000627433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1505781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5005007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992739954","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-4605-2016","title":"Aura OMI observations of regional SO <sub>2</sub> and NO <sub>2</sub> pollution changes from 2005 to 2015","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":811,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Earth Sciences Division; Netherlands Space Office; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Pollution; Air pollution; Ozone Monitoring Instrument; Pollutant; Ozone; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Chemistry; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360732606117912,"gpt":0.1979816234813267,"spread":0.1843742974201475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001013395,0.0002968733,0.0003210883,2.599297e-7,0.0002213094,0.00005068917,0.0001776099,0.0001655654,0.0003442352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000431373,0.0002435391,0.00006766072,0.000221175,0.000297392,0.0002399837,0.00003884147,0.000128415,0.00005443709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001483691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000966104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002222846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000783491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985673,0.00002301388,0.0002711682,0.0004967541,0.000260377,0.0003813491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998936,0.0001855187,0.0001733603,0.0003035216,0.00009321998,0.0003083535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008243638,0.000036815,0.009509191,0.00006070548,0.00004824788,0.000002373741,0.0001208653,0.0001493841,0.8819084,0.000009373776,0.004277707,0.1037945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007718838,0.00007612996,0.07543379,0.0001942994,0.00006801588,0.00001234362,0.0001047022,0.001763846,0.9110184,0.0008965437,0.009088542,0.0005714698],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964253,0.0006858555,0.0005961303,0.001285427,0.00008063006,0.0001269627,0.0003504172,0.00004655928,0.0004027469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943624,0.001007095,0.002873725,0.0003866538,0.0007194228,0.000007115503,0.0002006721,0.00001203221,0.0004308794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.103223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9931235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980782403","doi":"10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020","title":"The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":753,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Excellent Science; European Regional Development Fund; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Deposition (geology); Atmospheric chemistry; Range (aeronautics); Ammonia; Atmosphere (unit); Pollutant; Environmental science; Meteorology; Ozone; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0115080599423703,"gpt":0.1944154548977004,"spread":0.1829073949553301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009027381,0.0001839846,0.0002181763,5.867006e-9,0.0002681979,0.00005766548,0.0001804026,0.00006916077,0.0006122905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004733909,0.0001342727,0.00005486293,0.0002027793,0.0004174715,0.0001069695,0.00003212359,0.0001594552,0.000009932061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002016266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003524979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009653809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003865878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999055,0.0000224421,0.0002262681,0.0002829544,0.0001627528,0.0002506204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992403,0.0002094106,0.0001164345,0.0001832426,0.00003083748,0.0002197679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001889509,0.00003646829,0.1380641,0.000338353,0.00009815517,0.000009778265,0.0008123756,0.001462734,0.01844476,0.00008524534,0.0007117282,0.8397474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00261722,0.0004703836,0.1689111,0.0001137054,0.0002848527,0.00008275679,0.003612239,0.5505118,0.1973788,0.008963923,0.0652185,0.001834725],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939449,0.001927953,0.0004523986,0.0004749878,0.00002931415,0.00007127394,0.00001863394,0.00003637182,0.003044094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935265,0.0006352554,0.005077286,0.0001724424,0.0002483643,0.000001469659,0.00001262176,0.000005503909,0.0003205522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8379127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6704152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070885909","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013","title":"Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":748,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Norges Forskningsråd; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Sight Research UK; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center","keywords":"Environmental science; Tropospheric ozone; Atmospheric chemistry; Ozone; Troposphere; Coupled model intercomparison project; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Meteorology; Climate model; Climate change; Geography; Oceanography; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01552472798330938,"gpt":0.2224821683980258,"spread":0.2069574404147165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001407114,0.0005392348,0.0005905139,7.892871e-8,0.0003939084,0.0001938075,0.0004714956,0.0002708445,0.003270367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005358702,0.0004222272,0.0001470756,0.0005606557,0.0003926462,0.0003438423,0.0001316343,0.0005341676,0.00002978218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002667718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001805732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00545459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004777845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975655,0.00004883947,0.0005983617,0.0007893936,0.0003614255,0.0006364559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984546,0.0002595507,0.0003028477,0.0005879333,0.00009719083,0.0002978845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007261881,0.0006110098,0.3343432,0.0008377854,0.0005750469,0.000009911111,0.004521529,0.02927927,0.07991673,0.00002796134,0.005133108,0.5440183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002928231,0.0003056841,0.05366382,0.0004798463,0.0004647876,0.00006345101,0.008824223,0.8884578,0.03431103,0.0008359893,0.00744681,0.002218317],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893438,0.0008779522,0.0007982981,0.0001526172,0.0001090937,0.0006750135,0.0002091866,0.00009057597,0.00774342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788902,0.0006464928,0.01824032,0.0001334027,0.0006317125,0.00005284022,0.0002282481,0.00002684947,0.001149891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8591785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211058530","doi":"10.5194/acp-8-2151-2008","title":"MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":740,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ABB (Canada)","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Atmospheric sounding; Troposphere; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Trace gas; Depth sounding; Satellite; Michelson interferometer; Spectrometer; Meteorology; Interferometry; Geology; Physics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03526006995395799,"gpt":0.2666028073360869,"spread":0.2313427373821289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002988022,0.0002440978,0.0002799512,8.127662e-8,0.0008295311,0.00007756602,0.0001791078,0.0001201579,0.001060073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001744984,0.0002205899,0.00005504884,0.0002802409,0.0004205955,0.0003277828,0.0000342007,0.0002203782,0.00003126792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009057145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006626666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004801599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003388206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982579,0.00004663418,0.0002388962,0.0005335458,0.0002795584,0.0006434296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990749,0.0001751588,0.0000688257,0.0002964731,0.00008290157,0.0003016879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002455825,0.0001361224,0.2674693,0.0003518348,0.00006075769,0.00002934803,0.001144099,0.0006454056,0.0006709733,0.0001319725,0.0006457506,0.7284689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004065428,0.001659214,0.2998332,0.0001336229,0.0001437591,0.0004740182,0.004411037,0.6029343,0.003228829,0.008339614,0.07262933,0.002147655],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916595,0.001030755,0.0003499111,0.00007912692,0.00005746504,0.0002386767,0.00004885324,0.00006372642,0.00647198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9444454,0.002904,0.05061718,0.0001543797,0.0003985198,0.00001753788,0.000136225,0.00001745353,0.001309284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7263212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032376311","doi":"10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007","title":"Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":681,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; McGill University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bromine; Halogen; Chemistry; Ozone depletion; Ozone; Ozone layer; Chlorine; Oxidizing agent; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Troposphere; Photochemistry; Organic chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006534108521433862,"gpt":0.1921331433534343,"spread":0.1855990348320005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002006393,0.0002182564,0.0002102179,1.061617e-7,0.0001657787,0.00005887822,0.00009952411,0.0001291385,0.0008284517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001308063,0.0001927567,0.00004045609,0.0002114039,0.0001730087,0.0001504315,0.00001695324,0.0002193627,0.00001534437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008114505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003053094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006242072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001323726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989771,0.00001249397,0.0002072264,0.0003392651,0.0001079992,0.0003559516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999476,0.0001075307,0.00006327091,0.0001696175,0.00001894955,0.0001647013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009999215,0.00006571112,0.611876,0.0001121452,0.00003201815,0.0000289224,0.0007555176,0.0003046113,0.04395604,0.00001437617,0.00006356719,0.3426912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002204271,0.0001462466,0.7932528,0.0001368802,0.00005657048,0.0002798412,0.003620965,0.03844098,0.1155002,0.009664139,0.03500955,0.001687629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885164,0.002001066,0.001167304,0.00004834111,0.00003185552,0.00006864793,0.00002076381,0.00004910007,0.008096517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959207,0.000179008,0.002893659,0.0001184608,0.0002421334,8.635689e-7,0.00005828313,0.000008591611,0.0005782651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3410035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9070964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170735318","doi":"10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007","title":"An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":664,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"British Antarctic Survey; Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snowpack; Snow; Reactive nitrogen; NOx; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Flux (metallurgy); Atmosphere (unit); Ozone; Photochemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Nitrogen; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental science; Meteorology; Combustion; Geology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0241244568179783,"gpt":0.2629144728288867,"spread":0.2387900160109085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003047192,0.0002609755,0.0003109481,8.921753e-8,0.0001250963,0.00004694174,0.0001954471,0.0001459242,0.00194747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000449436,0.0002406597,0.00005967113,0.0002431567,0.0002180968,0.000294358,0.00001946463,0.0001729459,0.000004362666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005736463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005612035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003054833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001144597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987024,0.00001366485,0.000293861,0.0004023348,0.0002355978,0.0003521538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988973,0.0002199285,0.0001617386,0.0003262284,0.00005122511,0.0003436046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002358814,0.0001303055,0.05086467,0.001187422,0.00008604243,0.0000362282,0.0004460716,0.0002813103,0.5075395,0.0001321851,0.00009455483,0.4389658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006375271,0.0001884333,0.04146299,0.0005022574,0.00009804047,0.0001396283,0.0006758625,0.01184022,0.9388404,0.004423675,0.0004488124,0.0007421063],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905452,0.003029035,0.003027803,0.00001812139,0.00002990845,0.0001043316,0.00002932633,0.00004169783,0.003174545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829115,0.00104861,0.01536523,0.00008640339,0.0001711328,0.000001061283,0.00005392266,0.000007904637,0.0003542873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4382237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099964454","doi":"10.5194/acp-6-957-2006","title":"Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":657,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Boreal; Environmental science; Cloud cover; Vegetation (pathology); Taiga; Temperate climate; Physical geography; Climatology; Boreal ecosystem; Remote sensing; Geography; Forestry; Geology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009252014754297553,"gpt":0.2092133938274451,"spread":0.1999613790731476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002743261,0.00009481165,0.0001096674,2.418922e-8,0.00006850802,0.00001107403,0.00006289934,0.00004532736,0.0001705974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007933392,0.00009730664,0.0000300071,0.0002044874,0.00007527566,0.0001607823,0.00003263978,0.00003255469,0.000004288483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001208526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008359885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002196829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008502336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999497,0.000008864492,0.0001178649,0.0001539226,0.000119527,0.0001028351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997143,0.0000263789,0.00009224558,0.0001307054,0.000007480601,0.00002893037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002337285,0.0002177781,0.05991133,0.0001400557,0.0000258551,0.000002513967,0.0001319184,0.6975134,0.08274885,0.00005960664,0.0003550712,0.1588702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001482047,0.000008003845,0.05705033,0.00002048762,0.000018974,0.000003712063,0.00001721503,0.9300981,0.01103157,0.001442355,0.00005583423,0.0001051881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888643,0.00001938105,0.00758125,0.00001132955,0.00001667211,0.00007761978,0.00002218031,0.00001853229,0.003388732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881669,0.000001508379,0.01156939,0.00000775712,0.00003456055,0.000004951751,0.00002678054,0.000005303941,0.0001828701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2325847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.396805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2511217667","doi":"10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017","title":"Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":610,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; York University","funders":"Climate Program Office; Division of Chemistry; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Research and Development; College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Directorate for Geosciences; CHIST-ERA; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sight Research UK; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Chemistry; Radical; Environmental chemistry; Nitrate; Photochemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008192709344872618,"gpt":0.1984226362534885,"spread":0.1902299269086159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001257999,0.0003029258,0.0003155341,1.026751e-7,0.0009623062,0.0003880059,0.0002584576,0.0001573523,0.003195012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004152593,0.0002839475,0.0000402879,0.00008235176,0.0004273606,0.0003643306,0.00006353421,0.0002078052,0.0000265287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005739115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006251517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002161098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003124619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987335,0.00001976005,0.0002380884,0.0005110485,0.000172376,0.0003251925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989347,0.00009554722,0.0002055204,0.0004391878,0.00003893563,0.0002860808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007958425,0.00007263217,0.08588892,0.0003782769,0.000172743,0.00002908849,0.0003108023,0.0000207878,0.8392239,0.00008839077,0.0004348856,0.07329997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004448179,0.0002783418,0.1274389,0.0002693989,0.0004672761,0.0006705083,0.000847513,0.0396149,0.7877429,0.03158741,0.00359076,0.003043956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955928,0.0009087655,0.001153672,0.0001691821,0.0000564758,0.0001152434,0.00003109976,0.00005550056,0.001917277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920158,0.0006706591,0.005448248,0.0001209045,0.0002307935,0.000002040647,0.00009476842,0.0000129063,0.001403908],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07025602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059027591","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-7779-2012","title":"Steps towards a mechanistic model of global soil nitric oxide emissions: implementation and space based-constraints","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":597,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Atmospheric sciences; NOx; Soil water; Environmental science; Fertilizer; Chemical transport model; Nitrogen oxide; Troposphere; Deposition (geology); Moisture; Nitrogen; Soil science; Chemistry; Combustion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007685783722232287,"gpt":0.2257814203463017,"spread":0.2180956366240695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009725605,0.0002036877,0.0001803093,5.270969e-8,0.0001030138,0.00001220495,0.00009124494,0.00007884866,0.0007495051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007077869,0.0001995305,0.00004510117,0.0001455087,0.0003131174,0.0001782607,0.0001275965,0.00008567327,0.000006124701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001578831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002277086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001544714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990317,0.00001507282,0.000193001,0.0002454659,0.0002206759,0.0002940486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994764,0.00002071858,0.0001149895,0.0001706375,0.000004244115,0.0002130599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006377849,0.000481259,0.267011,0.0001983041,0.00006506784,0.000003203286,0.000349449,0.122805,0.1023358,0.0007498838,0.0001470575,0.5057902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001105369,0.00004427737,0.06470774,0.00003515795,0.0001842567,0.00002978104,0.001341072,0.9131739,0.01382131,0.004759822,0.00014611,0.0006512746],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8671229,0.00008258867,0.1300963,0.00002046423,0.00001022674,0.0000939267,0.00002316579,0.00001782399,0.002532591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9060594,0.00006362102,0.09349398,0.00007305857,0.0000233265,0.00001004624,0.00001189445,0.000012508,0.0002521604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7903688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8206555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161205508","doi":"10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014","title":"The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":536,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Natural Environment Research Council; Goddard Space Flight Center; Office of Science; Norges Forskningsråd; Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sight Research UK; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; Battelle; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Met Office; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Environmental science; Climatology; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01091605768932393,"gpt":0.2228770602286487,"spread":0.2119610025393248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002573729,0.0001396535,0.0001820496,2.837162e-8,0.0001125608,0.00004137254,0.0001382285,0.00006777645,0.0002483476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002886296,0.0001070321,0.00002784009,0.0001643732,0.0001702251,0.0001201845,0.00002059168,0.0001141534,0.000002625631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008925301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003606916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002128648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001161911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991538,0.00003981625,0.0002167443,0.0002259308,0.0001818322,0.0001818756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994721,0.0001430857,0.00009559487,0.0001805009,0.00003863917,0.00007003643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009314303,0.00005212257,0.2032343,0.0001513831,0.0000341291,7.581569e-7,0.000353932,0.01366077,0.004574433,0.00006986847,0.0001073406,0.7776678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008600175,0.00005130677,0.03030254,0.00006381662,0.00004181297,0.00001291299,0.0004162146,0.9464166,0.008605381,0.01254505,0.0003978433,0.0002865213],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895527,0.001010079,0.001769816,0.00004464464,0.00002931202,0.00009688532,0.00000549141,0.00001158227,0.00747954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982265,0.0001417093,0.001352567,0.0000259302,0.00007507555,0.000002329518,0.00002005651,0.000002671896,0.0001531603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9327558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4364644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144985953","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-3063-2013","title":"Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":528,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Sight Research UK; Natural Environment Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tropospheric ozone; Ozone; Radiative forcing; Atmospheric sciences; Troposphere; Environmental science; Atmospheric chemistry; NOx; Climatology; Tropopause; Greenhouse gas; Climate model; Climate change; Meteorology; Chemistry; Combustion; Aerosol; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01531658863781627,"gpt":0.2325187859938085,"spread":0.2172021973559922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002263439,0.0004617951,0.0004625819,1.220302e-7,0.0004021874,0.0002223145,0.0002798718,0.0001916881,0.0005634038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003839426,0.0003626871,0.00005891591,0.0005450191,0.0002242761,0.00032196,0.00008908361,0.0004385948,0.00001258097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000303524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006786419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001014149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000560551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997982,0.00005057307,0.000360082,0.000698182,0.0002517594,0.0006573606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989842,0.0001832211,0.0001615413,0.0003403522,0.00005301614,0.0002776225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003944815,0.000396548,0.3137007,0.001913711,0.0001805666,0.00004064472,0.009744061,0.03231028,0.06156855,0.00005343941,0.003602727,0.5760943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009884092,0.0001149388,0.04681087,0.0002094869,0.00007527749,0.00008160882,0.00380629,0.9406256,0.004109417,0.0005196019,0.001786799,0.0008717189],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918593,0.001199418,0.003315603,0.0004723161,0.0000296286,0.0005435069,0.00005270992,0.00005820204,0.002469322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814172,0.0007378973,0.01637631,0.0003432017,0.0002121121,0.00006159858,0.0001364971,0.00001745309,0.0006976684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9083153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969981169","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-11647-2010","title":"Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":528,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Norsk Polarinstitutt; Oak Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snow; Albedo (alchemy); Arctic; Environmental science; Meltwater; Glacier; Snowmelt; Atmospheric sciences; Sea ice; Snow field; Cryosphere; Snowpack; Absorption (acoustics); Climatology; Geology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geography; Materials science; Snow cover","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005366966344343977,"gpt":0.1885898645378476,"spread":0.1832228981935036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009909412,0.000213965,0.0002121013,6.751203e-8,0.0001344255,0.00007701111,0.0001813253,0.0001317339,0.004883498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003663548,0.0002027027,0.00005506874,0.0002116255,0.000106949,0.0001972665,0.00001685702,0.000455593,0.0000401723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004293366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004348028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005911211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001211917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989616,0.00001008455,0.0002032527,0.0003367284,0.0001449468,0.0003433457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994085,0.0001204182,0.00006106288,0.0002384422,0.0000227061,0.0001488261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006072518,0.0001073207,0.4889989,0.0004040801,0.00003823327,0.00007397052,0.0008013807,0.001047008,0.09429595,0.00009889479,0.0002202201,0.4138533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004079572,0.000175573,0.4507024,0.0005781109,0.0001323548,0.000538513,0.002812644,0.1176592,0.3454882,0.03188355,0.04184308,0.004106799],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738175,0.0002264699,0.00005638805,0.0001219433,0.0001118375,0.00005932082,0.000007026598,0.00004586226,0.02555361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927372,0.00006751146,0.004801029,0.0000915395,0.0004467297,0.000002544646,0.00003302869,0.000006787985,0.001813599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4097465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157528493","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013","title":"High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":523,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Natural Environment Research Council; Defence Science and Technology Laboratory; U.S. Forest Service; Pennsylvania State University; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; University of Denver; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Sight Research UK; Defence Science and Technology Group; University of Pennsylvania; Colorado State University; U.S. Department of Energy; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Indoor bioaerosol; Aerosol; Bioaerosol; Ice nucleus; Mildew; Smut; Biology; Geomicrobiology; Spore; Pseudomonadaceae; Bacteria; Environmental science; Botany; Environmental chemistry; Pseudomonas; Ecology; Chemistry; Microorganism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006238946269752341,"gpt":0.18972438500707,"spread":0.1834854387373176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002834131,0.00007329904,0.00009179694,2.75479e-8,0.00007092976,0.00001898066,0.0000300068,0.00004678497,0.0009730213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005681705,0.00006313057,0.00001321963,0.00003786344,0.0003417525,0.00009823959,0.00005580866,0.00005054338,0.000008940063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008071675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002417284,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001778908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000269872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995987,0.0000132046,0.00009690097,0.0001436192,0.00003864257,0.0001088779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998162,0.00002426577,0.00003178421,0.00006904067,0.000004518027,0.00005418687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001669294,0.00004581738,0.02930225,0.00004355414,0.000008459899,9.515413e-7,0.0006062021,0.00002879617,0.9572572,0.00005477932,0.00005608275,0.01257924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009394502,0.00006080523,0.2247198,0.00003289818,0.0000263828,0.00001694709,0.0004672097,0.001381495,0.7695875,0.001913211,0.0005136224,0.0003406946],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994203,0.00005683692,0.00006546623,0.00008084375,0.000006220852,0.00006771206,0.000006468847,0.00000873122,0.0002873563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973137,0.00006171391,0.002280857,0.00007768874,0.00002615807,0.000008580965,0.000002570357,0.00000324241,0.0002254281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1954176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737721127","doi":"10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018","title":"The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":509,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Tekes; Netherlands Space Office; Academy of Finland; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Ozone Monitoring Instrument; Environmental science; Satellite; Ozone; Trace gas; Meteorology; Air quality index; Remote sensing; Geography; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01600482933382351,"gpt":0.2303965675618297,"spread":0.2143917382280062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001064137,0.00009914324,0.0001345016,4.668865e-8,0.0000984106,0.00002599717,0.0001328502,0.00004320269,0.0005085028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008813813,0.00007711682,0.00003088631,0.0002300971,0.000189505,0.00008678704,0.00001667954,0.00009451067,0.00002604687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003835538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002373946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005977717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003338446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993489,0.00001460848,0.0001537746,0.0001503893,0.0001306803,0.0002016746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996153,0.00006868591,0.00007161153,0.0001725183,0.00002112053,0.00005076682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003195934,0.00001765207,0.3529069,0.00006188644,0.00001843786,0.000003305866,0.0003480028,0.0001225903,0.0003562363,0.00006543462,0.00005250636,0.6460151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009815099,0.0001825853,0.9339766,0.0002275298,0.00004309363,0.00001386188,0.001369449,0.0188523,0.0122889,0.005559887,0.02599169,0.0005125725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861045,0.002043111,0.00002469282,0.00004250081,0.00009071002,0.00004394497,0.000004445217,0.00001079091,0.01163527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950918,0.001993339,0.0019066,0.00001669683,0.0002328226,8.537295e-7,0.000004045341,0.000003532359,0.0007503186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6455026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5567749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102170561","doi":"10.5194/acp-8-5353-2008","title":"A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":504,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Arctic; Aerosol; Troposphere; Chemical transport model; Atmospheric sciences; Deposition (geology); Climatology; Boreal; East Asia; Pollution; Altitude (triangle); Pollutant; Ozone; Oceanography; Structural basin; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01576261247828878,"gpt":0.2274575275373573,"spread":0.2116949150590686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007893579,0.0001524438,0.0001787171,3.963904e-8,0.0002064095,0.000007259385,0.0001688324,0.00005561419,0.0006274527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000719268,0.0001131064,0.00007043672,0.0002016173,0.0001517128,0.00007539224,0.000008336903,0.0001390447,0.000007065788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006335121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009247488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003162404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001537388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991781,0.000009978377,0.000189693,0.0002347741,0.0001885807,0.0001988326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995111,0.00003292405,0.00006979013,0.0002302319,0.00003635682,0.000119601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008342941,0.0002445817,0.3826783,0.0003609116,0.000110376,0.00002163723,0.00171201,0.5177742,0.03602895,0.00002455436,0.0003757884,0.06058519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005015174,0.00004665992,0.3880108,0.00004015278,0.00004689603,0.00005013955,0.000168385,0.6024556,0.007004276,0.0001386114,0.001204097,0.0003329302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9725872,0.0001380275,0.02399852,0.0001582835,0.0000263619,0.0001091071,0.00004351642,0.00002207804,0.002916939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9494638,0.00007815086,0.04797812,0.0001693842,0.00009973483,0.000003001011,0.00003798606,0.000004044479,0.002165809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08468129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6870167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053997985","doi":"10.5194/acp-11-3865-2011","title":"Organic condensation: a vital link connecting aerosol formation to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":496,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University","funders":"Maj ja Tor Nesslingin Säätiö; European Commission; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Cloud condensation nuclei; Condensation; Nucleation; Particle (ecology); Particle number; Atmospheric sciences; Kelvin equation; Chemistry; Environmental science; Chemical physics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Physical chemistry; Geology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01644785336849612,"gpt":0.2003423564107258,"spread":0.1838945030422297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009917976,0.0002368977,0.0002125432,1.401985e-7,0.0003792671,0.0001006543,0.0001556869,0.0001313037,0.009691012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004645012,0.0002432553,0.00005947943,0.000272654,0.00009264448,0.0004313011,0.00001885318,0.0001870752,0.0001482825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001726705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005306196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001431112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002926834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988118,0.00002358166,0.0003186003,0.0003496019,0.000188266,0.0003081213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991996,0.00009068362,0.0001562234,0.0002277859,0.00009512789,0.0002305901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000580182,0.0002984395,0.04183563,0.0007739081,0.0003258194,0.00006456501,0.02791058,0.00430245,0.5306488,0.000813504,0.001116157,0.39133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002407724,0.0003341949,0.01281914,0.0001874279,0.0002171399,0.0002648336,0.00754527,0.0857536,0.8790681,0.004667951,0.004712113,0.00202246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.969537,0.00008505191,0.0138692,0.0001213009,0.0001386631,0.0002099081,0.00003937332,0.000114375,0.01588514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885437,0.00002029545,0.009741316,0.0002736447,0.0005584687,0.000004414899,0.0002045452,0.00001043513,0.00064322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3893075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9919664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171756948","doi":"10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008","title":"A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":492,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McGill University; University of Guelph; Université de Montréal; Cégep Marie-Victorin; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"British Antarctic Survey; Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Snow; Atmosphere (unit); Arctic; Polar; Environmental chemistry; The arctic; Chemistry; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Oceanography; Ozone; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00884386596934178,"gpt":0.2164379682282006,"spread":0.2075941022588588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001385135,0.0001921397,0.0002377134,2.337758e-8,0.0001637859,0.00001103755,0.0001378001,0.000074084,0.001040688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000571282,0.0001509564,0.00005567607,0.0002647655,0.000432895,0.0001154095,0.00007820396,0.0001349989,0.000009413162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003950947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000154841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002226087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004650814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990224,0.00003262761,0.0002351979,0.0002634673,0.0002389935,0.0002073632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993942,0.000182189,0.0001132804,0.0002315134,0.00001042056,0.00006842353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001212339,0.0006979767,0.5145869,0.0005901061,0.0001426346,0.00004657912,0.009986035,0.0026878,0.08489946,0.00003727216,0.004095668,0.3821084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002266888,0.0001335558,0.7459864,0.0003885305,0.0003060395,0.0005303562,0.007834593,0.03229868,0.1872057,0.002248592,0.01898934,0.001811314],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903355,0.0004551868,0.0002045366,0.0001278469,0.00001139273,0.0001056897,0.000004982734,0.00001425687,0.008740557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963332,0.0009895022,0.001829124,0.00008316834,0.00004941402,0.00003730127,0.000004376459,0.00001165279,0.0006622743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.380297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151691558","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-591-2012","title":"Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":487,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Manitoba Hydro; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Particulates; Mercury (programming language); Troposphere; Snow; Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Deposition (geology); Environmental chemistry; Seasonality; Plume; Environmental science; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007814661049323383,"gpt":0.2355735305398637,"spread":0.2277588694905403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007610659,0.0001326964,0.0001487012,2.195708e-8,0.0001885412,0.00001101486,0.00003778814,0.00004096413,0.0004207302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001421751,0.0001195253,0.00003222525,0.0001470255,0.0001087724,0.0002092606,0.00006463961,0.00005568405,0.00002288866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000307002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002766525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001814641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.499408e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993507,0.00002370474,0.0001255639,0.0001492245,0.0001366684,0.0002141513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996613,0.00004562985,0.00006762963,0.00009524211,0.000005203353,0.0001249574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009912841,0.0002859074,0.4592645,0.0001798702,0.00007517998,0.000001623944,0.001259218,0.0005390286,0.3346643,0.0002938087,0.0004418558,0.2028955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009344044,0.0003725186,0.1857944,0.00008996081,0.0001546022,0.00003066684,0.000230639,0.01304427,0.7972466,0.0006163297,0.00101646,0.0004692403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934971,0.0005857966,0.0001687017,0.0000405249,0.00003122072,0.00007865264,0.000005175238,0.00002119243,0.005571607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987029,0.00008531673,0.0008445542,0.00007122804,0.00007183702,0.00001067265,0.000005150357,0.000006326125,0.0002020288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4625823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2466880394","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-14371-2016","title":"Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane emissions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":481,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GHGSat (Canada)","funders":"Advanced Research Projects Agency; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Environmental science; Methane; Greenhouse gas; Atmospheric methane; Satellite; Remote sensing; Troposphere; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0216892814442191,"gpt":0.2352181794175829,"spread":0.2135288979733638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001481897,0.0002727263,0.0003189583,4.577462e-8,0.0001106205,0.00001118459,0.0001619605,0.0001153863,0.0003314382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000354601,0.0001914922,0.00009842237,0.0001930868,0.0004535296,0.0001947681,0.0001564693,0.00008124275,0.000004621275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007004453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001386333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008335802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001881251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998813,0.0000250466,0.0002868973,0.0004293843,0.0001413131,0.0003043359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999068,0.000285891,0.000158615,0.0003046664,0.000009426232,0.0001733871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000484402,0.0001121055,0.03410141,0.00009738293,0.00006416772,8.390535e-7,0.0004508449,0.001817663,0.5495166,0.0002633856,0.00003292832,0.4134942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007810349,0.000717981,0.1779586,0.0006625463,0.0007349486,0.0001167243,0.003848396,0.2177212,0.4354721,0.04357663,0.1073513,0.004029188],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9138823,0.0004539837,0.08430653,0.0001507997,0.00003218396,0.000200263,0.0000181989,0.00003362773,0.0009221302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.724342,0.001431446,0.2697603,0.0001017094,0.00006201997,0.00004316501,0.00001225586,0.0000419615,0.004205164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.409465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7808825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152410413","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-5191-2010","title":"The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":476,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; California Air Resources Board; Langley Research Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Environmental science; Troposphere; Aerosol; Arctic; Atmospheric sciences; Stratosphere; Pollution; Climatology; Meteorology; Oceanography; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01577534827465898,"gpt":0.2322863212625801,"spread":0.2165109729879211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000331797,0.0001495786,0.0001629197,5.705435e-8,0.0007885479,0.00005897733,0.0002843916,0.0001067526,0.0001768788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001048562,0.00007908446,0.00005079986,0.0002367723,0.001263428,0.00007638029,0.00006721287,0.0004066023,9.762795e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003588093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005925786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000818865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005383189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988922,0.00008900359,0.0002571777,0.0002688513,0.0002890917,0.0002036622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981747,0.001058566,0.0001580644,0.0004199075,0.0001008457,0.00008786254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001033711,0.0001851129,0.2711545,0.0007104664,0.0001858276,0.000004323494,0.002900165,0.00198297,0.5745717,0.0001300014,0.001733824,0.1454074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001319056,0.0001063091,0.3581059,0.0004161098,0.0001094312,0.00004591194,0.001297452,0.02095011,0.5957651,0.01385098,0.007609097,0.0004245926],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967336,0.001329484,0.00004890938,0.0007917012,0.00006664274,0.0001620404,0.00006047692,0.000007275063,0.0007998466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961971,0.0005051611,0.002552938,0.00002276183,0.0001378679,0.000001382847,0.00001763088,0.00000435139,0.0005607908],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1449828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6064952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158140310","doi":"10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008","title":"Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":457,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Atmosphere (unit); Climatology; Polar vortex; Northern Hemisphere; General Circulation Model; Atmospheric model; Climate model; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Third generation; Stratosphere; Climate change; Geography; Geology; Computer science; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01962147413300723,"gpt":0.2100676875688802,"spread":0.190446213435873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001526652,0.0002210441,0.0001862119,2.869519e-8,0.0009679411,0.00006515569,0.0002075025,0.0001226921,0.0006501754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002714586,0.0001267866,0.00006009667,0.0002204562,0.0002979073,0.0001751214,0.00004147882,0.0002782135,0.00005265307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006132693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004789292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004572896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008767326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988995,0.00004235719,0.0002041311,0.0003539563,0.0002369423,0.0002630859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992961,0.0001444512,0.0000884668,0.0003182804,0.00004924048,0.0001034643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001303898,0.0001185155,0.02594565,0.0001622315,0.00005959198,0.00006838394,0.005207539,0.007585619,0.02289218,0.0002161926,0.005972567,0.9316412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007928667,0.0001657834,0.07490628,0.00005379645,0.0001363027,0.0005047556,0.00105128,0.88489,0.007007258,0.001897982,0.02778098,0.0008127554],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988304,0.004769416,0.0007652538,0.0005972914,0.00007948612,0.0001544533,0.000005313669,0.00005468984,0.005270113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888936,0.002747313,0.005277415,0.000583817,0.0005438424,0.00000545768,0.00003894393,0.000008661491,0.001900966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9308284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7444718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133481110","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013","title":"Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":434,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Methane; Hydroxyl radical; Ozone; Atmospheric sciences; Atmospheric chemistry; Troposphere; Environmental science; Chemistry; Northern Hemisphere; NOx; Southern Hemisphere; Carbon monoxide; Trace gas; Tropospheric ozone; Environmental chemistry; Climatology; Radical","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008941111525764385,"gpt":0.216587350461558,"spread":0.2076462389357936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001915241,0.0005173663,0.0004993373,6.951471e-8,0.0001792537,0.000122015,0.0003786695,0.0002639712,0.001142041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002809978,0.0004222779,0.00006260061,0.000318023,0.0006446789,0.0002677088,0.0007792916,0.0004939343,0.00003007042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001814561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002176863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002331612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000332592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997669,0.00007620868,0.000375852,0.0008879946,0.0003422947,0.0006486151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988906,0.00016872,0.0001468229,0.0004607859,0.000005995551,0.0003270293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004452332,0.0007384679,0.2251359,0.0002050803,0.0002072144,0.0000246142,0.00490775,0.142724,0.1334071,0.00001040072,0.003209556,0.4889847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001217084,0.00008230792,0.01855087,0.00007448746,0.00007782675,0.0000168872,0.0007643603,0.9731219,0.002526709,0.0003942153,0.002506039,0.0006672634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941322,0.0003480327,0.002749654,0.0005615798,0.00003383404,0.000844051,0.00001498521,0.00005350227,0.001262198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9460892,0.0008379464,0.0495782,0.0004537648,0.0003689513,0.0003804668,0.00003839182,0.00008283735,0.002170258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.830398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149050797","doi":"10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008","title":"Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":421,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Arctic; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Forcing (mathematics); Troposphere; Global warming; Pollutant; Aerosol; Tropospheric ozone; Arctic geoengineering; The arctic; Radiative forcing; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Climate model; Lead (geology); Meteorology; Oceanography; Arctic ice pack; Chemistry; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01489767158298072,"gpt":0.2277169754309351,"spread":0.2128193038479544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001150958,0.0002166171,0.0001920055,8.48078e-8,0.0003162449,0.0000987923,0.0001463894,0.00008118315,0.0004878175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008547415,0.0001437257,0.00005216829,0.0002190229,0.000265579,0.0002846596,0.00001242966,0.0002034909,0.000004837599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006167832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005388102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001953165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990628,0.00003050987,0.0001781269,0.000270184,0.0001423333,0.0003160309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995211,0.000130109,0.00005289944,0.0001841252,0.00001864438,0.00009315005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001132985,0.00008164909,0.7908599,0.0002028871,0.00005363325,0.00007426926,0.003943088,0.003088872,0.01055298,0.00001515018,0.00004811546,0.1909662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003740756,0.00005464138,0.9723892,0.00004878416,0.00001857441,0.0002761444,0.003509124,0.01664672,0.004348418,0.001894204,0.00009344696,0.0003466566],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939095,0.0007568268,0.0000491781,0.00005338611,0.00001643951,0.00009077366,0.00005173968,0.00002292772,0.005049199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980651,0.0008600205,0.0007005865,0.00006961505,0.0001410577,0.000002173618,0.00005629497,0.000004696341,0.0001005286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1906195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5860965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000778149","doi":"10.5194/acp-20-9591-2020","title":"Effective radiative forcing and adjustments in CMIP6 models","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":409,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Horizon 2020; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; Natural Environment Research Council; Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Newton Fund; Norges Forskningsråd; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Biological and Environmental Research; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Met Office; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Radiative forcing; Forcing (mathematics); Cloud forcing; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Climate model; Greenhouse gas; Aerosol; Radiative transfer; Atmosphere (unit); Climate change; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005113108734433551,"gpt":0.182149786626405,"spread":0.1770366778919714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003418141,0.0001767751,0.0001752316,2.505854e-8,0.00006579395,0.00001409618,0.0000748867,0.0000615489,0.0002259326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005053096,0.0001774623,0.00002644479,0.0001344417,0.0001773461,0.0002205967,0.0001492036,0.00014387,0.00001173151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001066824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000340167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001250237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001293493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991957,0.00001553392,0.0001173835,0.0003539922,0.0001157117,0.0002016713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996833,0.000034033,0.00004513474,0.0000881522,0.000001175192,0.000148255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000741457,0.000097082,0.09799509,0.00007665194,0.00003216386,0.00001955393,0.003800789,0.470975,0.005029546,0.00005701547,0.0000588192,0.4217841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006972619,0.0000523935,0.03351668,0.00001327318,0.0000194212,0.000004162609,0.0003974585,0.9616746,0.0007807561,0.002299417,0.0002795906,0.000264983],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9753062,0.0001485846,0.01813997,0.00007498019,0.000008502129,0.0001778973,0.000002033823,0.00002071194,0.006121169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838734,0.0001869136,0.0152011,0.0003935446,0.00004021511,0.00002405828,0.000003987792,0.00001675551,0.0002599768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4906996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7236703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164562420","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-10561-2010","title":"An overview of current issues in the uptake of atmospheric trace gases by aerosols and clouds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":409,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Trace gas; Current (fluid); Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental chemistry; Meteorology; Ozone; Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01967441360487306,"gpt":0.267873295673576,"spread":0.248198882068703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002404301,0.0002502463,0.0003704908,4.264465e-8,0.00008720232,0.0000405207,0.0003232159,0.0001104485,0.0009754947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002528657,0.0001901915,0.00006488698,0.0002958838,0.0003749413,0.0001965026,0.00001538826,0.0003312498,0.000001702576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001760275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004346111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004535608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003478945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987407,0.00003537885,0.0003892731,0.0003390369,0.0002401516,0.0002554699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991195,0.0001498174,0.0001930365,0.0003840985,0.00003795897,0.0001156184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001048999,0.0005339322,0.1775303,0.001219891,0.00004301886,0.000006669854,0.001733664,0.0004881059,0.1296476,0.0001216844,0.0007342192,0.687836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004891105,0.001068351,0.4773575,0.0009333587,0.0004361026,0.0002255251,0.006414341,0.07418494,0.3067748,0.008650525,0.1157806,0.003282846],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984832,0.01406883,0.0000499161,0.00004707552,0.00005576179,0.0001229223,0.00008129283,0.0000144461,0.0007277601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925854,0.002897069,0.00410293,0.00003607527,0.0001568452,0.000003583492,0.00007183839,0.000007024926,0.0001392878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6845531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999139360","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-8911-2012","title":"The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2: sensitivity to improvements in process representations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":407,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Troposphere; Atmospheric sciences; Sea salt aerosol; Particulates; Sulfate aerosol; Scavenging; Climate model; Environmental science; Sulfate; Relative humidity; Ice nucleus; Climatology; Chemistry; Meteorology; Nucleation; Climate change; Sea salt; Geology; Oceanography; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00875803324036366,"gpt":0.2397260445348673,"spread":0.2309680112945037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002155455,0.0001899981,0.0001517771,4.688637e-8,0.0003620586,0.00006592662,0.0001295105,0.00007273722,0.0001628102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003143724,0.0001539402,0.00004411333,0.0003071808,0.00008721265,0.000283326,0.00003859076,0.0001448575,0.0000379352],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002067677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000415187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002702936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005123466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987755,0.00002199784,0.0001885013,0.0002898879,0.0002095258,0.0005145809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993283,0.00009342647,0.00007041005,0.0002436517,0.00003331779,0.0002308657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002600868,0.0002027656,0.7367783,0.0002140431,0.00004785856,0.00001155444,0.00101746,0.1007626,0.0110254,0.00004376236,0.000391327,0.1492448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001586818,0.00006923307,0.1164355,0.0001259077,0.00007867335,0.00005087433,0.002769892,0.8070617,0.06641489,0.003034961,0.00106039,0.001311206],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895989,0.0001339096,0.0008968617,0.00012588,0.00006448235,0.0001500936,0.0000885432,0.00003459136,0.008906703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965887,0.0000704859,0.002510839,0.000144171,0.0001676653,0.0000063093,0.00006465874,0.00000464446,0.0004425161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.706299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6277499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989803890","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-7997-2013","title":"Multi-model mean nitrogen and sulfur deposition from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): evaluation of historical and projected future changes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":406,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Office of Science; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Norges Forskningsråd; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sight Research UK; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Office of Polar Programs; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Battelle; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Natural Environment Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Ice core; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Representative Concentration Pathways; Environmental science; Climatology; Climate model; Nitrogen; Air quality index; Reactive nitrogen; Northern Hemisphere; Southern Hemisphere; Chemistry; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02330400347870709,"gpt":0.235089387929364,"spread":0.2117853844506569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002173812,0.0003726405,0.0003984244,9.680493e-8,0.0002771447,0.0001133584,0.0001631535,0.000214821,0.0001532186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002395671,0.0002890372,0.00005033689,0.0001812663,0.0002300625,0.0002589199,0.00006985395,0.000286902,0.000001004635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003704097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009389797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001683372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001142818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983701,0.00005608387,0.0003174158,0.0005914794,0.0003350906,0.0003299036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990734,0.0001094047,0.0002410268,0.0002809449,0.0001423611,0.0001527873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003268553,0.0002878746,0.1927767,0.001262995,0.0003111281,0.000003914488,0.006643975,0.008288095,0.3404662,0.000003877734,0.0007630947,0.4488653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008284308,0.0000324752,0.01138236,0.00007262465,0.0002108492,0.0000200281,0.001088011,0.9749279,0.01064057,0.0004005973,0.00004206048,0.0003540855],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940613,0.004035571,0.0008203537,0.0001587365,0.00003020555,0.0004421256,0.00008591511,0.00004506686,0.0003207314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9662455,0.0009517923,0.03207012,0.00006598776,0.0002538088,0.00003576698,0.0002305798,0.00001518744,0.0001312379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9666398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2271813080","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-3327-2016","title":"Molecular corridors and parameterizations of volatility in the chemical evolution of organic aerosols","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":404,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of Toronto Scarborough; University of Toronto; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Universiteit Utrecht; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Michigan Technological University; Carnegie Mellon University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Texas Tech University; California Institute of Technology","keywords":"Volatility (finance); Chemistry; Molar mass; Aerosol; Environmental chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Chemical composition; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical physics; Organic chemistry; Chromatography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005673597580091747,"gpt":0.1859382718380686,"spread":0.1802646742579768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009687947,0.0001106231,0.0001714021,6.456909e-8,0.00003222983,0.000007913392,0.0001246667,0.00006741216,0.0003539458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005298804,0.00007086284,0.0000333398,0.0002154798,0.0002930372,0.00007964783,0.00001284067,0.00006993454,8.185058e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004664957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003522514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008726147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004026664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993269,0.00002407547,0.0002126134,0.0001842584,0.0001237754,0.0001283674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994578,0.0001802243,0.0001016935,0.0001883129,0.00002790311,0.00004406932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003666702,0.00005165488,0.3290893,0.0001309207,0.00001592574,0.00000186959,0.0001972187,0.000115683,0.6458313,0.00003275841,0.000009085129,0.0244876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001398398,0.0001060304,0.227689,0.0002169178,0.00008816012,0.00004075144,0.0006573175,0.0238749,0.7373964,0.007889045,0.0001236706,0.0005194168],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958321,0.0002432979,0.003116587,0.00004946069,0.000009880304,0.0000718064,0.00002871808,0.00000653696,0.0006415683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985372,0.00004310659,0.001321653,0.00001444732,0.00002393778,0.000001371633,0.00001313514,0.000002489019,0.00004260521],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1014003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3875458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021872914","doi":"10.5194/acp-15-2775-2015","title":"A critical evaluation of proxy methods used to estimate the acidity of atmospheric particles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":402,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; Colorado State University; Georgia Institute of Technology; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aerosol; Chemistry; Molar ratio; Ammonia","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05505318471440752,"gpt":0.3575066463445409,"spread":0.3024534616301334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001130357,0.0001864964,0.000304597,3.679085e-8,0.00009212599,0.00003104746,0.0002313636,0.00007895695,0.000709306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005794826,0.0001368185,0.00007129547,0.0003864763,0.0003278161,0.0001472577,0.00003226081,0.0001265871,0.000007919774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009859558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001855851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002045323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007877051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984896,0.0001481435,0.000333675,0.0002820299,0.000495434,0.0002511834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986032,0.0003804931,0.0001380677,0.000347604,0.0003042466,0.0002264409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001992586,0.0001984677,0.07244342,0.000375438,0.0001043758,0.000002669288,0.002573643,0.06286305,0.04795507,0.00009019523,0.0003094834,0.8128849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078679,0.0001488157,0.02018603,0.00007281968,0.000264995,0.00001647334,0.0009711521,0.6969283,0.2699645,0.009544948,0.0007516697,0.0003634458],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864845,0.0005230014,0.009949026,0.0001689642,0.00006274461,0.0002044025,0.00001822518,0.00002324674,0.002565856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8578202,0.000005136428,0.1419172,0.00002853803,0.0001012375,0.000008233074,0.00001374267,0.00000534752,0.0001003483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8125215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7766404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2485586917","doi":"10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017","title":"Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":392,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Natural Environment Research Council; Office of Science; Directorate for Geosciences; Hokkaido University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sight Research UK; Climate Program Office; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Canon Foundation for Scientific Research; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Strong; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stratosphere; Troposphere; Relevance (law); Environmental science; Interim; Meteorology; Atmospheric research; Variety (cybernetics); Climatology; Computer science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; Climate model; Geography; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01264187053074561,"gpt":0.2356188558160403,"spread":0.2229769852852947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001925051,0.0001647489,0.0002422776,7.093003e-8,0.000438122,0.00007910257,0.0003971864,0.00004789227,0.0002071184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002606328,0.0001009898,0.00008608975,0.0001646244,0.0004153202,0.0001228252,0.0004472369,0.0001267118,0.000008023936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007503795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000528913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002121514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003471897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990183,0.00003673967,0.0002038652,0.0003385446,0.0002465588,0.0001559953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987397,0.00001983997,0.0002314993,0.0009483096,0.000005932098,0.0000547417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008887851,0.0002661605,0.3074531,0.0003205058,0.0005308239,0.000002599903,0.002459377,0.1981362,0.01322126,0.0001555103,0.007305051,0.4700606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005070157,0.00008220378,0.2310109,0.0001210562,0.00105361,0.00003945419,0.002332971,0.6655164,0.003097416,0.0004329563,0.09506474,0.0007411655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941255,0.0002525084,0.002494707,0.0008871235,0.00006456379,0.0001808106,0.000003289797,0.000008792768,0.001982711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991799,0.0004378371,0.002842621,0.00005688805,0.0002322561,0.00001797597,0.000002868692,0.00001243794,0.004598095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4693194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4118245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096146004","doi":"10.5194/acp-15-6087-2015","title":"Photochemical processing of aqueous atmospheric brown carbon","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":391,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Toronto Scarborough; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Glyoxal; Chemistry; Photodissociation; Photochemistry; Atmospheric chemistry; Aqueous solution; Carbon fibers; Aerosol; Environmental chemistry; Ozone; Organic chemistry; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01172850921868787,"gpt":0.2060247370949369,"spread":0.1942962278762491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001209804,0.0003033711,0.0003865037,3.559373e-8,0.00008228966,0.00004408796,0.0002472272,0.0001682927,0.00080185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003995773,0.0002810463,0.00008062937,0.000362521,0.0003082118,0.0001452813,0.00002904227,0.0002407693,0.000009827823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001353543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001825689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005617301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004271123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985009,0.00001964842,0.0003395742,0.0004305642,0.0003352807,0.0003739642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990113,0.00006413069,0.000187454,0.0002892788,0.0001026786,0.0003450909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004072882,0.0002732077,0.1785579,0.001041204,0.0001252504,0.00006528393,0.001417934,0.01005002,0.04005802,0.000008662978,0.0007241319,0.7672711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003602081,0.0003498985,0.008546435,0.0003699615,0.0002701877,0.0003571354,0.00215653,0.7066398,0.2595418,0.004760322,0.01105264,0.002353149],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9573734,0.001899286,0.00026548,0.00002870078,0.00005070874,0.0001096792,0.00001350026,0.00007349162,0.04018576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814637,0.00005396184,0.01629176,0.00005634251,0.0003283634,0.000003710088,0.00005938885,0.00001260198,0.00173021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7649179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102580742","doi":"10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011","title":"Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":389,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Efflorescence; Ammonium sulfate; Chemistry; Relative humidity; Total organic carbon; Sulfate; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Mass concentration (chemistry); Aerosol; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mineralogy; Environmental chemistry; Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01260005338644107,"gpt":0.2103807329078701,"spread":0.197780679521429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000385277,0.0001868987,0.0003003755,2.553065e-7,0.0002674017,0.00002339987,0.0002628128,0.00005357659,0.0001515141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049101,0.0000860369,0.00004479475,0.0002439751,0.001067206,0.0001207203,0.0001225295,0.0001147352,1.354769e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005425204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005728241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003789903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000348198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987112,0.0001516096,0.0005120547,0.0002111543,0.0002217831,0.0001922097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989469,0.0001794102,0.0003790751,0.0003212148,0.0001180393,0.00005535876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008437224,0.00004234951,0.02361324,0.0001460104,0.00007211892,1.959453e-7,0.007308334,0.0001959673,0.9676394,0.00002946206,0.000002895747,0.0001062513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006103411,0.0001448123,0.008298773,0.00009610388,0.0001276621,0.000006422834,0.002367295,0.007469764,0.9806263,0.0001461975,0.000003018004,0.0001032912],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988114,0.0002201098,0.0003084378,0.0001422022,0.00004457937,0.0003860845,0.00004993889,0.000005758483,0.00003149969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993814,0.00009002075,0.0004175255,0.00002652334,0.00004156431,0.000004008634,0.000006192922,0.000007562198,0.00002518088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01531447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3932165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146711662","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-1183-2010","title":"Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":388,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Flue gas; Flue-gas desulfurization; Fly ash; Electrostatic precipitator; Coal; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Bottom ash; Boiler (water heating); Coal combustion products; Environmental science; Waste management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004779009670801523,"gpt":0.2165531047136682,"spread":0.2117740950428667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005478267,0.00007439427,0.0001012312,8.344421e-8,0.00004165654,0.000006153634,0.00003425402,0.00004266473,0.0007634907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001262613,0.00006655472,0.00001206354,0.00005743386,0.0001036974,0.00008213725,0.00003882691,0.00008627176,0.000003732321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008559013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003946328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007462753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004427045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996036,0.000005201222,0.0001001942,0.0001175632,0.00008872481,0.00008472409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999796,0.00002105546,0.00005235432,0.0000796494,0.000002521992,0.00004846821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001883158,0.00006380931,0.2716272,0.00002666447,0.0000068769,0.000001190439,0.001586962,0.00002549625,0.6721386,0.00001028827,0.0005683539,0.0539258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004205568,0.00001669722,0.8440806,0.00002189065,0.000007446205,0.000005825842,0.0001993729,0.001298993,0.1499995,0.001047247,0.002742441,0.0001593814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883679,0.00003747437,0.0000302538,0.00004083646,0.00002598405,0.00003922116,0.000004498067,0.000005710369,0.01144812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986221,0.000100364,0.0005357739,0.00001767914,0.00002682377,0.000001771748,0.000005360015,0.000003723391,0.0006864478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5724534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8359689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147702610","doi":"10.5194/acp-14-8679-2014","title":"PM <sub>2.5</sub> pollution in a megacity of southwest China: source apportionment and implication","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":387,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Coal combustion products; Aerosol; Environmental science; Levoglucosan; Megacity; Environmental chemistry; Seasonality; Pollution; Inorganic ions; Biomass burning; Atmospheric sciences; Coal; Chemistry; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Ion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004529821391456424,"gpt":0.1766976456383552,"spread":0.1721678242468987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001490552,0.0001562119,0.0002013653,1.098151e-7,0.00008890004,0.00002153369,0.00007528358,0.00008783397,0.0001105673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001758977,0.0001512143,0.00003575403,0.0001616665,0.0001470887,0.000114319,0.00001537148,0.0001205818,0.000003954915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006597629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002110367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003144758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001311519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991433,0.00001966516,0.0002315452,0.0002860992,0.0001333819,0.0001859922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995314,0.00003998023,0.0001423039,0.0001712149,0.00001487434,0.0001002396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006396509,0.00009617645,0.2238188,0.0003239521,0.00002506045,0.000001131203,0.0005637615,0.006307493,0.2458565,0.00003663593,0.00003889186,0.5228676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007035333,0.00005633853,0.7162129,0.00006142574,0.00003422805,0.00002081147,0.0002059889,0.0406215,0.2390124,0.002042144,0.0006537533,0.0003749283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932653,0.0001461101,0.005056045,0.00007156118,0.00001396301,0.00007790103,0.00001548641,0.00002090752,0.001332725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982309,0.000102587,0.001376517,0.00003505476,0.0000975135,0.000002793404,0.00006687832,0.000004233207,0.0000835122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5224927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6166341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2606722963","doi":"10.5194/acp-17-9485-2017","title":"A review of current knowledge concerning PM <sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":387,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aerosol; Environmental science; Coal combustion products; China; Biomass burning; Megacity; Air quality index; Nitrate; Atmospheric sciences; Sulfate; Chemical composition; Apportionment; Environmental chemistry; Sea salt; Geography; Meteorology; Coal; Chemistry; Ecology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08248038029261623,"gpt":0.296826858448295,"spread":0.2143464781556788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003185907,0.000669062,0.001725289,1.429502e-7,0.0005246176,0.0001206559,0.0003811008,0.0003279546,0.0001091885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001097596,0.0004994583,0.0003337902,0.0001753434,0.0008558198,0.0001988795,0.0001133714,0.000960319,0.00001811364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001794425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000243621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000106878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.514768e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978871,0.00009291318,0.0007511151,0.0006754816,0.0001733992,0.0004200123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981683,0.0002624027,0.0006611366,0.0005429024,0.00009640088,0.000268874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000087697,0.00005039555,0.00007326826,0.1053237,0.00008854654,0.000001920634,0.000187828,0.000003097716,0.000504291,0.000002679421,0.0001250664,0.8936304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009623128,0.00008115048,0.0001449507,0.3759146,0.001568582,0.0005301008,0.0001508495,0.002012885,0.02403568,0.0001997854,0.591345,0.003054142],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0163178,0.9815535,0.00008944634,0.00001197753,0.00007678223,0.0003969419,0.0002102026,0.00004160967,0.001301764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01290922,0.9855975,0.0003049443,0.00001104552,0.0004932455,0.00002230731,0.0005573039,0.0000218445,0.00008261223],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8905763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997457,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135822043","doi":"10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011","title":"Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":383,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Centre for Earth Observation; Office of Polar Programs; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Formic acid; Isoprene; Troposphere; Chemistry; Acetic acid; Trace gas; Atmosphere (unit); Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Ozone; Meteorology; Organic chemistry; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0097205435259996,"gpt":0.1878925092520078,"spread":0.1781719657260082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001695685,0.0002025704,0.0003078668,5.613888e-8,0.00007102916,0.00001248253,0.0002543533,0.00008555199,0.00127087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001564968,0.0001520285,0.00005973529,0.0002632433,0.0004080234,0.0001534928,0.00002342359,0.0001947411,0.000001846475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002534966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004808714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000362502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002859647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989763,0.00002372094,0.0003334473,0.0002675951,0.0001604467,0.000238425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993067,0.0001210985,0.0002035161,0.0002720722,0.00002617317,0.00007047896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009044247,0.00008904398,0.8719763,0.0005543039,0.00004178923,0.0000130797,0.003468147,0.0001374682,0.004762792,0.00002715174,0.00003589682,0.1188036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00102109,0.0001834804,0.9399021,0.0001222299,0.00008073788,0.00009051234,0.003702292,0.007889705,0.04095059,0.004972543,0.0005481251,0.0005365845],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850993,0.001722812,0.0000551291,0.00001702578,0.00001891718,0.00009679615,0.00002038384,0.00001060861,0.01295899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945217,0.0002882618,0.004782581,0.0000662415,0.00005082843,0.000002619104,0.00001847004,0.000005391605,0.0002638628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1182671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2786941826","doi":"10.5194/acp-18-1379-2018","title":"Evidence for a continuous decline in lower stratospheric ozone offsetting ozone layer recovery","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":381,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stratosphere; Ozone; Ozone layer; Montreal Protocol; Atmospheric sciences; Ozone depletion; Atmosphere (unit); Environmental science; Climatology; Troposphere; Chemistry; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02446701060968921,"gpt":0.2544317828553658,"spread":0.2299647722456766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002971766,0.0002811089,0.0003739156,1.684606e-7,0.0001941447,0.00009396966,0.0002188915,0.0001392224,0.003866179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009651793,0.0002625295,0.00009612194,0.0003974905,0.0002001223,0.0003727711,0.00003149452,0.0001821306,0.00007740533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001211202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008591126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000731536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000252374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983439,0.00002858014,0.000390661,0.0005197006,0.0002020078,0.0005151391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989367,0.0003732635,0.0001621004,0.0002893066,0.00009193873,0.0001467389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007840372,0.0001466553,0.2052541,0.0002708701,0.00006465732,0.00002751883,0.0003391599,0.000989818,0.002469023,0.00001427348,0.001370944,0.788269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00829116,0.003705929,0.3041567,0.00194036,0.0004286085,0.0001815172,0.003133032,0.5885411,0.0145277,0.01664002,0.05392245,0.004531418],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889477,0.001764832,0.004196946,0.0001757082,0.0001821811,0.0002362437,0.00003301385,0.0000579236,0.004405438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693601,0.0005316584,0.02657872,0.0005926447,0.0008663764,0.00001527666,0.00004750608,0.00001563779,0.001992132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7837375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155021981","doi":"10.5194/acp-6-2129-2006","title":"Impact of climate variability and land use changes on global biogenic volatile organic compound emissions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":377,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Isoprene; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Vegetation (pathology); Acetaldehyde; Volatile organic compound; Climate change; Climatology; Global warming; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008252568694922972,"gpt":0.2170455525096507,"spread":0.2087929838147277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008623208,0.0002404463,0.0002795316,7.060895e-8,0.0001651517,0.00005932281,0.0001008091,0.0001138439,0.001574172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002179663,0.0001944941,0.00007404409,0.000225431,0.0001911586,0.00009063004,0.00002455995,0.0001173919,0.000004701894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001414709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000523113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001373468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005632023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990044,0.00002525493,0.0001950656,0.0003485995,0.000139882,0.0002868602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992524,0.0001955163,0.0001201274,0.0002479924,0.00003459814,0.0001493105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008610279,0.0000883032,0.9697221,0.000100659,0.00003924773,0.000004656888,0.00002165556,0.0007859945,0.008694683,0.000007787316,0.00006908516,0.02037971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005934258,0.0001361873,0.9792569,0.00005195175,0.00006422125,0.00003962141,0.00002059991,0.01381095,0.004077312,0.001236929,0.0003338519,0.0003780224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995517,0.000157231,0.00007533524,0.00002086627,0.00002320982,0.00008096285,0.0004284886,0.00003421373,0.003662716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997827,0.0001665836,0.001385904,0.00001778092,0.0001603441,8.681879e-7,0.0002047542,0.000005188001,0.0002316104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02000169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152387463","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-2563-2013","title":"Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":376,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Leibniz-Rechenzentrum; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif; Institut National Du Cancer; Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration; Norges Forskningsråd; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Sight Research UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum; U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Environment Research Council; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Methane; Radiative forcing; Troposphere; Atmospheric sciences; Representative Concentration Pathways; Environmental science; Forcing (mathematics); Ozone; Greenhouse gas; Tropospheric ozone; Climatology; Radiative transfer; Photodissociation; Range (aeronautics); Climate model; Climate change; Chemistry; Meteorology; Photochemistry; Physics; Aerosol; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006625888480480887,"gpt":0.2126522415543796,"spread":0.2060263530738987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009826526,0.0001113043,0.0002067977,2.257944e-7,0.0000642463,0.00004082633,0.00008450338,0.00005420827,0.001735753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006439153,0.00007592583,0.00003444348,0.0004565167,0.0001069372,0.0001336695,0.00001333427,0.0000928937,0.000002635117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001053272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001032075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001172463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005259741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993786,0.00003723917,0.0001497189,0.0001802481,0.0001159357,0.0001382495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994723,0.0002268051,0.00006312005,0.0001576186,0.00002038367,0.00005976673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001263693,0.00004393486,0.6086539,0.00007603746,0.0002517901,0.000002394134,0.001932748,0.009802823,0.0003985393,0.00002214562,0.00007750374,0.3787255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001860824,0.0000219231,0.7121954,0.000005233501,0.0002384816,0.000002295869,0.0009891489,0.2840491,0.0001212647,0.0005469352,0.001514288,0.0001298822],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956943,0.001303164,0.00005946828,0.0003057376,0.00001047248,0.00009299428,0.0000251121,0.000006232513,0.002502514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979848,0.0005481549,0.0009794758,0.00009215712,0.0001220841,0.00000182933,0.00006039581,0.000002121822,0.0002090029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3785957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001172139","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-1491-2010","title":"Smoke injection heights from fires in North America: analysis of 5 years of satellite observations","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":370,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Plume; Environmental science; Spectroradiometer; Atmospheric sciences; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Troposphere; Satellite; Panache; Climatology; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006209105784294068,"gpt":0.1929968637961774,"spread":0.1867877580118834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003414182,0.00007226061,0.0001931482,3.147968e-7,0.00001719149,0.000004893567,0.00008620672,0.00004441665,0.0005010794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001387368,0.00007647,0.00005063823,0.0008288533,0.0001073129,0.00008142431,0.00003035552,0.00009053431,0.00000411971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001762492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005058121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01321348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00166957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994588,0.00001224903,0.0001716818,0.0001649776,0.0001133705,0.00007887713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995437,0.00009092946,0.0001195248,0.0002082686,0.000006598288,0.00003098953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006069629,0.00007070538,0.8255031,0.00001502041,0.00006777818,6.454102e-7,0.0005550328,0.001989944,0.07270044,0.000001105097,0.000006117385,0.09908407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008372906,0.00001045048,0.9546191,0.00000484553,0.00007327706,1.323259e-7,0.00002352659,0.03785751,0.006700162,0.0000474542,0.000505381,0.00007449509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993092,0.00003241834,0.00003932165,0.00000419777,0.00002495521,0.00004556897,0.00002705855,0.000007117871,0.0005102022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980336,0.00003357869,0.001765099,0.000008584543,0.00002205074,0.000004777462,0.00005811771,0.000004917171,0.0000692102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.129116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095967171","doi":"10.5194/acp-13-2487-2013","title":"Aerosol classification by airborne high spectral resolution lidar observations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Space Agency","keywords":"Aerosol; Environmental science; Lidar; Remote sensing; Atmosphere (unit); Biomass burning; Atmospheric sciences; High resolution; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00934797038655804,"gpt":0.193147264758201,"spread":0.1837992943716429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000399353,0.0001780999,0.0001334926,6.381514e-9,0.0002162511,0.00005711484,0.0001474822,0.00009851389,0.005776091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007830542,0.0001737978,0.00004246283,0.0002138885,0.0002030057,0.0002931402,0.00006040608,0.0001430539,0.0002953506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001000577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001019201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008113108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002720391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990035,0.00001400571,0.0001834838,0.0003485984,0.0001868793,0.0002635296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999472,0.00002311012,0.00008942458,0.000273392,0.00001383953,0.0001282112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001790665,0.0003919323,0.06013678,0.00004411886,0.00003903871,0.000001396567,0.0003262623,0.001229398,0.7237971,0.0004532038,0.0651217,0.1484411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001138425,0.0001246359,0.7644621,0.00003188823,0.00008486528,0.00001077281,0.0004874283,0.1500447,0.05259795,0.00674918,0.02303366,0.001234371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852498,0.00006178195,0.006482827,0.0004866163,0.00003390028,0.0001530929,0.000007387536,0.00006882728,0.007455735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704312,0.00007111178,0.01915752,0.0002082133,0.000141129,0.00006178845,0.00007202994,0.00001905202,0.009837961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7043254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990194058","doi":"10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011","title":"A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO <sub>2</sub> total columns from space","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":365,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Eurostars; Australian Research Council; Ministry of Education, India; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Canadian Space Agency; University of Wollongong; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Government of Canada; Ontario Innovation Trust; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust","keywords":"Environmental science; Extrapolation; Greenhouse gas; Satellite; Northern Hemisphere; Latitude; Calibration; Longitude; Troposphere; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geographic coordinate system; Accuracy and precision; Statistics; Geodesy; Mathematics; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03866038899574785,"gpt":0.2702913289304663,"spread":0.2316309399347184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002355006,0.0002035521,0.0002575986,4.405605e-8,0.00006382228,0.000008938738,0.0001384749,0.00009771586,0.0003687255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002069413,0.000218358,0.00007812904,0.0001605959,0.0001751297,0.0001091254,0.00009946933,0.00008791302,0.000008630192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000204274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001111015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002227281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987864,0.0000378892,0.0002576173,0.0003806316,0.000274026,0.0002634119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994736,0.0000601527,0.0001556668,0.000206531,0.000006531586,0.00009757516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001766962,0.0003885896,0.370346,0.00005567119,0.00006764422,0.000002794852,0.0009035582,0.02091469,0.3227443,0.000009032902,0.00006000874,0.284331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002754268,0.0002666246,0.2505132,0.00008038226,0.0001781994,0.00001125005,0.0007886018,0.3712662,0.3673276,0.005884938,0.00009568693,0.0008330151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.935649,0.00003938992,0.06018737,0.000005855868,0.0000221171,0.0002071472,0.0000209545,0.00001391948,0.003854254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6351107,0.00001166206,0.3646526,0.00002996227,0.00002419307,0.00002857321,0.00001292072,0.00001470241,0.0001146797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3503515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8904383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}