{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":20,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":20,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cd702954f1e1","filters":{"venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa"}},"results":[{"id":"W2027434486","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2014.909168","title":"The Oxford handbook of African archaeology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"African history and culture analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Archaeology; History; Anthropology; Geography; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Ann B. Stahl","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09323948759940792,"gpt":0.3669925473757815,"spread":0.2737530597763736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009880113,0.0001392529,0.0003648614,0.000279613,0.001107881,0.00001920337,0.001439625,0.000197442,0.0002916635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005353367,0.00008805947,0.0001555827,0.001740792,0.01138431,0.00007549975,0.0005483663,0.0008081008,0.00005883419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001760836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002346019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001173404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009156348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9924191,0.004206764,0.0004405023,0.0004263613,0.001213563,0.001293682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930028,0.005779885,0.0001147681,0.0004731561,0.0003291748,0.0003002459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001954547,0.000140399,0.009891993,0.000008733714,0.00003141256,0.00002583205,0.05535182,0.00001228432,0.00026371,0.9038721,0.001589843,0.02861647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000160539,0.0003044068,0.001925547,0.00001732542,0.000005715742,8.060356e-7,0.007047302,0.0000665301,0.00003405028,0.1931822,0.7971545,0.0001010605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1078286,0.004642275,0.002987331,0.03119182,0.0002469338,0.001045857,0.000007314457,0.0001362971,0.8519136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925002,0.001553598,0.0006993857,0.00006219662,0.0001514788,0.0001121834,0.000001368463,0.000008871763,0.00491076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8846716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9913061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385839521","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2236484","title":"The Pre-Aksumite Period: indigenous origins and development in the Horn of Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"African history and culture analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal British Columbia Museum; University of Toronto; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; French horn; Period (music); Ethnology; Geography; Politics; Archaeology; History; Settlement (finance); Chronology; Archaic period; Ancient history; Political science; Sociology; Art","authors":[{"name":"A. Catherine D’Andrea","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lynn Welton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrea Manzo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helina Woldekiros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven Brandt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alemseged Beldados","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth Peterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laurie Nixon-Darcus","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michela Gaudiello","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shannon R. Wood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Habtamu Sewunet Mekonnen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Batiuk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yemane Meresa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abel Ruiz-Giralt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carla Lancelotti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abebe Mengistu Taffere","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucas M. Johnson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1329710287401139,"gpt":0.3796909718176122,"spread":0.2467199430774983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01044146,0.0001177926,0.0002342523,0.0003086822,0.001579086,0.00004944533,0.001023961,0.0001336092,0.00005745367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001670841,0.00006300576,0.00005564838,0.003419633,0.00310753,0.00007175701,0.0003966593,0.0006949389,0.00005024894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002579595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004745327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001298356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01214924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947381,0.002228655,0.0003562832,0.0003466688,0.001287328,0.001042987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966731,0.002721202,0.00006423752,0.0002786356,0.0001253269,0.0001375148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001083097,0.0001447308,0.02129647,0.00001358927,0.00002784843,0.0002079694,0.9002628,0.00001376457,0.00008682717,0.05566174,0.000919705,0.02125623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001477853,0.0001459588,0.04517759,0.00001553022,0.000003767628,0.000001516678,0.07882292,0.00001944246,0.000007408208,0.01303921,0.8625106,0.000108293],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9579397,0.001849824,0.00001949166,0.006362712,0.00004447745,0.0008042806,0.000004622987,0.00004771148,0.0329272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996069,0.001301431,0.0001244936,0.00002214849,0.00004278759,0.0002344305,0.000002031123,0.000005853255,0.002197862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8615909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970566178","doi":"10.1080/00672700609480432","title":"Forgotten Caravan Towns in 19th Century Tanzania: Mbwamaji and Mpwapwa","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Tanzania; Archaeology; Late 19th century; Geography; Ancient history; History; Ethnology; Period (music); Art","authors":[{"name":"Stephen J. Rockel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05676142212697592,"gpt":0.3463035667548587,"spread":0.2895421446278827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002792278,0.000160954,0.0003095527,0.0003441713,0.0005296096,0.00005825088,0.0005570047,0.0002793725,0.0002107297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001044724,0.0001432759,0.00005153239,0.001489422,0.002738991,0.0001783703,0.00058981,0.0007733838,0.00006106296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004767195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002593831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04948965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07382076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955977,0.001031737,0.0003371316,0.0005399723,0.001000215,0.001493213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983031,0.001039001,0.00003756791,0.0002099924,0.0001458874,0.0002644581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002784781,0.000468557,0.2398767,0.00002689727,0.000007142577,0.0009134028,0.01664229,0.000006481522,0.0002597218,0.7205436,0.004775383,0.01620136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004714835,0.0002853016,0.1535373,0.00003235735,0.000002235963,0.000003089918,0.002607551,0.00001888086,0.000007831914,0.2165159,0.6263196,0.0001984297],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6786046,0.0026449,0.00000720464,0.01082987,0.0001379418,0.0006666174,0.0000146709,0.00007323814,0.307021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959497,0.001009123,0.0004018581,0.00007933295,0.0001869187,0.00009914211,0.000004972062,0.000009687099,0.002259269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6215443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079140530","doi":"10.1080/00671990902795772","title":"‘I'm not evil’: materialising identities of marginalised potters in Tigray Region, Ethiopia","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Anthropological Studies and Insights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Pottery; Subsistence agriculture; Geography; Poverty; Politics; Agriculture; Archaeology; Sociology; Socioeconomics; Political science; Economic growth; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Diane Lyons","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrea Freeman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1962184919562016,"gpt":0.4232349682015435,"spread":0.2270164762453419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003694719,0.0001555704,0.0004462536,0.0003671144,0.0005109368,0.00004829141,0.0007021077,0.000257524,0.0005738332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002115729,0.0001156117,0.00008825225,0.001343558,0.004962669,0.0001903989,0.0003270146,0.0006239999,0.00002826222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002258702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000102735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005528893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002351019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948013,0.001900233,0.0005241935,0.0004451992,0.001120314,0.001208723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981801,0.001124043,0.0000892168,0.0002251494,0.0002013181,0.000180173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007345699,0.0005284075,0.03582928,0.00004646726,0.00001533666,0.0007712301,0.04466945,0.000009551331,0.002393249,0.9037805,0.002995866,0.008226126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001226553,0.001661547,0.3997043,0.0003508726,0.00000563521,0.000004269839,0.03386683,0.00003124623,0.0005280998,0.4996397,0.0624902,0.0004907358],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8652015,0.0005822757,0.00006846815,0.04601479,0.0001675446,0.0005567379,0.000004012784,0.00005160794,0.08735313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950726,0.003498347,0.0003544644,0.0003074052,0.0001158303,0.00002540344,0.000001675444,0.000005697107,0.0006185886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4041408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3109024687","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2020.1841966","title":"Mauritian indentured labour and plantation household archaeology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Estate; Colonialism; Quarter (Canadian coin); South asia; Archaeology; Work (physics); Excavation; Geography; Ethnology; History; Socioeconomics; Ancient history; Sociology; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Julia Jong Haines","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1502052619627838,"gpt":0.3611592447726665,"spread":0.2109539828098828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001504991,0.0001179523,0.0002325524,0.0001647449,0.0004267003,0.00003655104,0.0004774105,0.0002421738,0.0001968326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001798166,0.0001106112,0.00003407927,0.0009872806,0.003121865,0.0001386997,0.0005857127,0.000740336,0.00005855806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001213335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001922819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005255366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005956665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962971,0.001294934,0.0002244801,0.0004560318,0.0007770149,0.0009504285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983845,0.0008693293,0.00003381222,0.0001156155,0.0001135706,0.0004831122],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004638144,0.00009981357,0.04528668,0.00003888952,0.00001092681,0.0007151135,0.09092822,0.000005368827,0.0002764176,0.8527694,0.001659404,0.007745998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006830935,0.0007821493,0.09773516,0.00002470403,0.00000394084,0.000006936777,0.006443752,0.00004384124,0.00002374777,0.2390401,0.6549745,0.0002381068],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8994805,0.001235347,0.00006421115,0.0702816,0.0001173269,0.0005994751,0.00003788594,0.0001462231,0.0280374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969391,0.001088191,0.0005873207,0.0007057518,0.0002164879,0.00006332735,0.00000510641,0.000008682754,0.0003859834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6533151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986059695","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2013.827851","title":"Attachment to Abandoned Heritage: The Case of Suakin, Sudan","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Archetype; Port (circuit theory); Fifteenth; Islam; Archaeology; Ancient history; Period (music); History; Geography; Art; Engineering; Aesthetics; Literature","authors":[{"name":"Shadia Taha","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09919812957912724,"gpt":0.3986701866369121,"spread":0.2994720570577849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003229685,0.0001055616,0.0002200265,0.0001448168,0.0006292436,0.00003875016,0.000760155,0.000121853,0.0009057352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002060032,0.00007034845,0.00006588232,0.001541534,0.002496235,0.0001111606,0.0006856041,0.0004434,0.0002838844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002288587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001755201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06804693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03244623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962333,0.001433925,0.0002836743,0.0003122362,0.0007395481,0.0009973423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972307,0.001710769,0.00003663313,0.0003086325,0.0003863026,0.0003269472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000340831,0.0007230614,0.02256096,0.00003960221,0.00003237347,0.00302836,0.1385167,0.0000125676,0.000895242,0.7322774,0.02211671,0.07945621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006751821,0.001677882,0.05400914,0.00005776526,0.000007478607,0.00004448237,0.03918784,0.00004517125,0.0001109932,0.212853,0.6909671,0.0003638901],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8894261,0.0005091606,0.00001561231,0.03008139,0.000098636,0.001230736,0.000006458298,0.00003603589,0.07859585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970472,0.0001132523,0.0004111518,0.0001639183,0.00008446297,0.0003592845,6.796023e-7,0.000005867184,0.001814159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6688504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9917166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403217095","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2024.2411138","title":"Making connections: ostrich eggshell beads as indicators of precolonial societal interaction in southeastern southern Africa","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Archaeology; Geography; Eggshell; Later Stone Age; Zooarchaeology; Ancient history; Ecology; History; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Peter Mitchell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian A. Stewart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Courtneay Hopper","is_ca":true},{"name":"Genevieve Dewar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael A. Schillaci","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1586629867953649,"gpt":0.444007465550966,"spread":0.2853444787556012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00483271,0.0001939675,0.000382921,0.001236163,0.001821431,0.00001889498,0.0006011758,0.0003854493,0.0005628144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002728139,0.0001606249,0.0001479839,0.002800924,0.003478812,0.0001952762,0.00231083,0.001615473,0.0002623057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003492879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004680562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001905294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008763629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945791,0.002081071,0.0005499168,0.0006356656,0.00093232,0.001221862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951672,0.004269407,0.00008161947,0.0001977083,0.0001290249,0.0001550456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000340958,0.0003612143,0.1136765,0.00007509338,0.0000778387,0.0002814253,0.8046,0.00002903691,0.0001177315,0.06733214,0.0001813902,0.01292662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001268926,0.002079505,0.03235628,0.001026487,0.00003869162,0.00002617946,0.3788123,0.001067328,0.0001210589,0.3312042,0.2511779,0.0008211881],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339609,0.001940512,0.0001286658,0.00926679,0.0004077369,0.0007536865,0.00002183557,0.0001244995,0.05339534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971462,0.0005504862,0.0002380783,0.00002271904,0.000191185,0.000204574,0.000003078763,0.00001755591,0.00162616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4257877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2482623005","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2016.1217696","title":"Direct dating of rock art using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence: the case study of southern Africa and the Canadian Shield","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Radiocarbon dating; Optically stimulated luminescence; Shield; Geology; Rock art; Archaeology; Thermoluminescence dating; Optical dating; Paleontology; Holocene; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Adelphine Bonneau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1198391783465477,"gpt":0.3633446048585557,"spread":0.243505426512008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00700261,0.0001411009,0.0003984184,0.0002336034,0.0008793504,0.00002208281,0.0005233251,0.0001448814,0.00005729193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005112926,0.00006471148,0.00003860363,0.0007793214,0.007118787,0.00005894541,0.0006661618,0.0004158448,0.000002105734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008913602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003917348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1033242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5539082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948857,0.002881397,0.0004218188,0.0003880492,0.0005791781,0.000843792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9913931,0.007714904,0.0001034908,0.0003085999,0.0001886364,0.0002912699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007924247,0.0003951858,0.6537268,0.00003383688,0.0001089237,0.002244113,0.3101285,0.0000839472,0.001774261,0.02357397,0.00004747471,0.007090686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01844269,0.007206012,0.1758763,0.0008338441,0.0002224547,0.0007369884,0.6918764,0.03025501,0.0003623046,0.06924142,0.003333629,0.001612903],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910996,0.0002728087,0.0000282959,0.003837335,0.00002253047,0.0008587406,0.00001453137,0.00001006561,0.003856111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999414,0.0001159727,0.000247198,0.00001439232,0.00003828881,0.00003798699,2.512491e-7,0.00000897426,0.0001229448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4778504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001703190","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2014.918765","title":"Commentary: what are archaeological ethics?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeological Research and Protection","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Archaeology; Interpretation (philosophy); Ethnology; Sociology; Humanities; History; Environmental ethics; Art; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Robert McGhee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1887887319421326,"gpt":0.3649438263206183,"spread":0.1761550943784857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01659354,0.0003983242,0.0006320121,0.0007161697,0.0009515021,0.0001501445,0.001679577,0.0006760436,0.0051626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01010246,0.0002756035,0.0001795942,0.001845849,0.005632133,0.0006370749,0.0009593247,0.005903434,0.001521551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006581228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001092329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002890095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008066745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9845048,0.008152904,0.0006493878,0.001256202,0.002523774,0.002912999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9831594,0.01464113,0.0001166353,0.0006948999,0.0002928351,0.00109512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001541276,0.0002122886,0.4685537,0.0001072298,0.00003446724,0.0007784599,0.002805881,0.0005853075,0.00009750047,0.01666973,0.002398135,0.506216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006827995,0.002494209,0.385546,0.0001359132,0.000002623741,0.00003097681,0.001201067,0.004898758,0.00006493479,0.499034,0.1055388,0.0003698712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.672413,0.004514523,0.007487986,0.2800329,0.0006588752,0.002717991,0.00006140632,0.0004862867,0.03162703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876557,0.003534731,0.004972058,0.003138596,0.0003488717,0.00007715033,0.00006474674,0.00001169744,0.0001964211],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5058462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980650057","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2012.710499","title":"Diverse connections: the 21st conference of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists, Toronto, 20–23 June 2012","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Archaeology; Media studies; History; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Peter Mitchell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne Haour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Robertshaw","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2142399746416142,"gpt":0.3330254668474487,"spread":0.1187854922058345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004043874,0.0002438361,0.0004536258,0.00009544021,0.000917252,0.00001102338,0.00148092,0.0002041395,0.005027691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007785862,0.0001347142,0.0003589997,0.0002849209,0.03110194,0.0003304371,0.002138416,0.001248195,0.0001002047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002151706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002267632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003238448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03237297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954185,0.001559189,0.0005874042,0.0003702446,0.0008276872,0.001236924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995549,0.002809796,0.0002334689,0.0007771491,0.0004440048,0.0001866058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001121927,0.0003772154,0.01024827,0.00006352796,0.00007602041,0.000003007872,0.146459,0.000004654516,0.0002478226,0.824909,0.01624278,0.001256416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005637528,0.0003793279,0.01834536,0.00008808527,0.00003215023,0.00001143126,0.09229922,0.00008262699,0.0001392891,0.05778748,0.830001,0.0002702664],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2351183,0.0337838,0.0004098921,0.06689753,0.003924117,0.003815793,0.000513068,0.0002289048,0.6553086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832231,0.001212763,0.0002849133,0.0001555498,0.0002739839,0.0001342785,0.000006150874,0.00001597819,0.01469322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8137582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411429208","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2025.2513184","title":"“Those who were bound together”: illuminating Almoravid imperial entanglements","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Byzantine Studies and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Ancient history; History; Geography; Art","authors":[{"name":"Jeannette Plummer Sires","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gonzalo Linares‐Matás","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1287962430653328,"gpt":0.3620568574227749,"spread":0.2332606143574421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001908174,0.000226931,0.0004079681,0.0004503502,0.001169204,0.0001119158,0.0006304113,0.0001029083,0.003265325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006414392,0.0001808165,0.000123173,0.0002827445,0.002980275,0.0001253821,0.00131908,0.0008683973,0.000150041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008492794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001170547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009630866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00284338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965892,0.0005162407,0.000475042,0.0005714659,0.0006688396,0.00117923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984167,0.0007932939,0.00006111179,0.0003489573,0.0002508161,0.0001290699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001897283,0.0002929298,0.001665114,0.00006965752,0.00005324348,0.0001517668,0.04519862,7.80403e-7,0.0002320246,0.9136711,0.01941161,0.01906341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007361367,0.0003748321,0.001188125,0.0001486557,0.000007121138,9.955695e-7,0.01142562,0.00007481789,0.0000369489,0.02091378,0.9648941,0.000198871],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1824398,0.002518324,0.00001398697,0.005488281,0.0007314081,0.0006258221,0.00003597169,0.00008472203,0.8080617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741221,0.0003902163,0.0001684003,0.0002209296,0.0004639251,0.0001932266,0.00000873789,0.00001821725,0.02441427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9454825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402448019","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2024.2380619","title":"Teniky: enigmatic architecture at an archaeological site in southern Madagascar","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Musée de la Civilisation","funders":"","keywords":"Archaeology; Geography; Architecture; Ancient history; History","authors":[{"name":"Guido Schreurs","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tristan Allegro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaux Rouvinez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chantal Radimilahy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Judith Raharinoro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nelas Fanny Sabe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean-Aimé Rakotoarisoa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lahatra Rakotomavo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ny Antso Rakotondrazafy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Njara Randrianarivelo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sönke Szidat","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07356827472190529,"gpt":0.3654483016897204,"spread":0.2918800269678151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005733026,0.0002868623,0.0004751891,0.0007252875,0.0006446358,0.0001040616,0.001144424,0.0004937663,0.001440235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001926319,0.0002254764,0.0001495629,0.002603628,0.005016775,0.0002018733,0.001325064,0.001849597,0.001046283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001020615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004448925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01124408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1113895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9911072,0.003513246,0.0005060409,0.001018605,0.001718843,0.002136044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962467,0.002558135,0.00003404975,0.0004300936,0.0001318637,0.000599184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001106615,0.0008559595,0.06716413,0.0001998045,0.00003861443,0.009180518,0.4792661,0.000152056,0.001237597,0.3797211,0.002204455,0.0588731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004132016,0.0009293407,0.01064206,0.0001868604,0.000007304977,0.00002637234,0.008585263,0.0004960939,0.00000977717,0.5111213,0.4671243,0.000458084],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9262,0.003121769,0.00006292854,0.01499285,0.0002193385,0.000905667,0.00004464471,0.0003060264,0.05414673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914807,0.0003170198,0.001044184,0.0001317014,0.0002842679,0.0002354778,0.00001599407,0.00002508163,0.006465588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4706808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164382789","doi":"10.1080/00671990903052306","title":"Excavations at Kasteelberg, and the origins of the Khoekhoen in the Western Cape, South Africa","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cape; Archaeology; Geography; Ethnology; Ancient history; History","authors":[{"name":"Genevieve Dewar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1213036662995411,"gpt":0.377803341122496,"spread":0.2564996748229549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006639018,0.0001394497,0.000291209,0.0001553976,0.00511179,0.000008925983,0.001282708,0.0001496973,0.00003899564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002977086,0.00005945259,0.00008427296,0.001465296,0.01054765,0.0000750941,0.002816543,0.0009422951,0.0000146718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001403084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001477852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001188775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01513442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933693,0.004041347,0.0003525987,0.000340591,0.0009690517,0.0009270425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936256,0.005676654,0.00008447516,0.0004055758,0.0001236952,0.00008404555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001489646,0.0000866052,0.1118515,0.000003829072,0.00000946841,0.00001514323,0.557317,0.00001102549,0.00001200436,0.3298756,0.0002554005,0.0004134743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001131081,0.0002591778,0.4920444,0.0000445044,0.00001051922,0.000005043567,0.02842405,0.00005367588,0.000008524269,0.2515706,0.2263035,0.0001449206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8216947,0.001298261,0.00002024289,0.1406555,0.00005875171,0.001025662,0.000006394291,0.00001834459,0.03522213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966246,0.0008417218,0.00007283956,0.0003791203,0.00007509119,0.0001211391,5.823647e-7,0.000004345771,0.001880562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5288929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392239883","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2024.2316479","title":"<i>Expansion atlantique et transformations des paysages à Lambaye, 1400–1900 (royaume du Baol)</i> , Université Laval, 2024 ( <i>Atlantic expansion and landscape transformations at Lambaye, 1400–1900 (kingdom of Baol)</i> , Laval University 2024)","year":2024,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Caribbean and African Literature and Culture","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Kingdom; Geography; History; Ancient history; Humanities; Art; Geology; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Sidy Ndour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03305278907296756,"gpt":0.2570011066656394,"spread":0.2239483175926719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001703245,0.0005915355,0.0007838956,0.0008574491,0.001432955,0.0003550672,0.0005768437,0.0005507469,0.002113366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009137771,0.000477833,0.0004174439,0.001342417,0.002841134,0.00106538,0.0005072483,0.002011911,0.000113197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002808684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004154449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003492831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01583381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947664,0.001314897,0.0007507878,0.0008527898,0.0009850065,0.001330088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997113,0.001470039,0.0001031912,0.0003896388,0.0004245501,0.0004995741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010113,0.0008582362,0.001789406,0.002415676,0.0003071956,0.001786913,0.1715527,0.0001029472,0.003942036,0.6028434,0.2095137,0.003876496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001323827,0.001055361,0.001240988,0.00198609,0.0001877785,0.0001653493,0.0253704,0.00141305,0.0003897302,0.007137084,0.9590802,0.0006501396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7271969,0.04307025,0.0004400165,0.03920251,0.001053106,0.001772304,0.004723384,0.0003173959,0.1822242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8824036,0.07201494,0.0001601833,0.0001245459,0.000291363,0.0000186837,0.0003395786,0.00004417571,0.04460292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7495665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408970407","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2025.2479337","title":"The <i>amakhanda</i> settlement system of the Zulu kingdom","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeology and Historical Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Zulu; Kingdom; Settlement (finance); Archaeology; Geography; Ancient history; History; Ethnology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Kent D. Fowler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leonard O. van Schalkwyk","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1224605377582289,"gpt":0.3270787296977423,"spread":0.2046181919395133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002888187,0.0001445121,0.0002882253,0.0001412472,0.002229222,0.00002427799,0.001099156,0.0000903342,0.0001038587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008090363,0.00006656898,0.0001308511,0.0003877999,0.008156212,0.00003510514,0.002086551,0.0009015384,0.00003679349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002186188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001098512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005940106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967694,0.0009685029,0.0004540803,0.0003117761,0.0007000224,0.0007962578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959988,0.003126824,0.00007632251,0.0004524735,0.0002876776,0.00005791089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001212447,0.00007135489,0.003752533,0.00005516395,0.00003997087,0.0000084283,0.0095275,0.00000298481,0.00001587872,0.9635272,0.02047139,0.002406368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002643899,0.000146086,0.003214078,0.0001025973,0.000007410615,6.9365e-7,0.004256507,0.00003462569,0.00003409219,0.1005738,0.8912949,0.00007079505],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04406292,0.008842721,0.0001168471,0.0717666,0.004513692,0.001857737,0.00007398453,0.0001329618,0.8686326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901436,0.0002245891,0.00002998112,0.0001190119,0.0002628061,0.0002164775,0.000001000371,0.000006189555,0.008996349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9460807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385703104","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2244319","title":"A deep dive into bodies as political capital <b>The politics of the dead in Zimbabwe, 2000–2020: bones, rumours and spirits</b> , by Joost Fontein. Woodbridge, James Currey, 2022, 349 pp, £ 90.00/$135.00 ISBN 978-1-84701-267-8 (hardback), £ 24.99/$ 36.95 978-1-84701-364-3 (paperback), also available as an ebook (£ 24.99/$29.95) 978-1-80010-355-9.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Cuban History and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Capital (architecture); Political capital; Economic history; Art; History; Art history; Political science; Archaeology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Susan Pfeiffer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05136272426704026,"gpt":0.3303964197685811,"spread":0.2790336955015409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008675199,0.0009426143,0.00147553,0.0003592141,0.003523906,0.0003369325,0.003419632,0.001109976,0.001700662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009883294,0.0007177548,0.0005889904,0.003044509,0.01642387,0.0006481262,0.003773687,0.004408508,0.001080497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001680161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00276462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03737571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01911178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9811264,0.006204031,0.001614952,0.002059615,0.003908637,0.005086363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9891258,0.006480946,0.0003552105,0.001487742,0.0007850762,0.001765191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000834101,0.001968109,0.03790978,0.0003129466,0.0002242619,0.0009037018,0.1443224,0.00001767018,0.001789659,0.3595814,0.4493853,0.002750664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002231866,0.001722031,0.007409409,0.0003270044,0.00006349265,0.00005556812,0.09807935,0.0003710641,0.0003710334,0.1651478,0.7229447,0.001276686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8510963,0.04824731,0.00001188887,0.04387343,0.0009699774,0.003602139,0.0005066133,0.0003820486,0.05131031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9538695,0.01992483,0.0003473907,0.001254457,0.0006664741,0.0005958364,0.00008873684,0.0001310879,0.0231217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2735594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381856679","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2226590","title":"PhD Abstract <b> <i>Herders in a desert — material cultural, zooarchaeological, and biomolecular evidence for herding in the Namaqualand Coastal Desert of South Africa</i> </b> University of Toronto2023","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"African history and culture analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Desert (philosophy); Herding; Archaeology; Geography; Anthropology; Ecology; Sociology; Biology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Courtneay Hopper","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.281729162641991,"gpt":0.4006489765634456,"spread":0.1189198139214546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006609596,0.0001569467,0.0004351181,0.0003197911,0.0003265246,0.00001992585,0.000861372,0.0002137437,0.0001062297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002769113,0.0001056494,0.0001247781,0.002290545,0.003782999,0.0002076606,0.0004554504,0.0003848542,0.000006198718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001428784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001740859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007765822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02528767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959456,0.001548705,0.0003701539,0.0004692185,0.0008219238,0.0008443412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964414,0.002924773,0.0001131925,0.0002150871,0.0001726441,0.0001329477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002789094,0.0005408963,0.1255153,0.0002609386,0.00006603037,0.0008236966,0.8174311,0.0001327227,0.03204469,0.01690439,0.001194969,0.002296145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00251455,0.001573428,0.1328013,0.0006827725,0.00004734162,0.000004341986,0.8007348,0.0005581594,0.0003744654,0.03714773,0.02286635,0.0006947519],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948765,0.0004052019,0.00006798468,0.00185191,0.00002197771,0.0007414133,0.00002957283,0.00002449961,0.001980922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986789,0.0006701685,0.0003575609,0.00001074632,0.00002562618,0.00003748819,0.000006798337,0.000006607782,0.0002061566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03167022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377099123","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2208483","title":"A new interpretation of the military settlements of the northern Nguni","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretation (philosophy); Human settlement; Geography; Archaeology; Philosophy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Renier Hendrik van der Merwe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kent D. Fowler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karim Sadr","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1017483773008317,"gpt":0.3949545462352472,"spread":0.2932061689344155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002985673,0.00007651307,0.0001776942,0.0001372094,0.00188089,7.526986e-7,0.001062074,0.0001003562,0.00008813599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003598018,0.00003961775,0.0001075949,0.001858211,0.003985396,0.00004592527,0.005457423,0.0004682338,0.00002070093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006793017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003330703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003696475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03506909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961172,0.001914956,0.0002855152,0.0002118278,0.0009054851,0.0005650086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975012,0.001904546,0.00006039154,0.0002953495,0.000167143,0.00007135758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001175576,0.00006292722,0.552564,0.00002189251,0.00003425519,0.000006677548,0.4139872,0.0001256828,0.00018682,0.02475356,0.001443949,0.006695409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003281552,0.0001968976,0.6178835,0.0001175817,0.000006748641,4.540456e-7,0.02017296,0.000355444,0.0001539761,0.3340317,0.02666188,0.00009067468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9597718,0.0003735473,0.00005396959,0.03165589,0.0001725272,0.0005494573,0.000009520573,0.00002314403,0.007390215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973227,0.0003901448,0.0001403303,0.00004537203,0.00003918184,0.00003311717,8.900451e-7,0.000004423425,0.002023831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3938143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322770363","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2182556","title":"Nicholas David (1937–2023)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Medical History and Innovations","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Art; Environmental ethics","authors":[{"name":"Judy Sterner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diane Lyons","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott MacEachern","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4177829809833792,"gpt":0.3937872763263082,"spread":0.02399570465707102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003444103,0.0001383812,0.0002302582,0.0007789801,0.0006721548,0.00005218722,0.0006352615,0.0001141108,0.0110623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002202625,0.000105201,0.00006846205,0.001201784,0.002857524,0.0001722775,0.0005963896,0.001249449,0.007273324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001007246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001091103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001482061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004508245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966398,0.0004970019,0.0003953628,0.0004428919,0.0009530331,0.001071898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976035,0.00153786,0.00003421028,0.000363819,0.0002199568,0.0002406579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004265641,0.000138322,0.0003724908,0.00002348326,0.000008664021,0.0002619998,0.01494928,0.000002632185,0.0001456686,0.8602718,0.1190191,0.004763971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002242813,0.0002534533,0.002007256,0.00003016909,0.000001265455,0.000001556151,0.001651708,0.000173704,0.000008142745,0.1223306,0.873197,0.0001208202],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1207428,0.0002380818,0.00001635647,0.01770911,0.0006240685,0.0004383366,0.00004476526,0.000321967,0.8598645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9247336,0.0001130199,0.00007365498,0.0002962406,0.0004596129,0.00020418,0.00004753925,0.00001551972,0.0740566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8039908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979108561","doi":"10.1080/00672700409480388","title":"An Early Christian extra-mural settlement at Qasr Ibrim","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","topic":"Archaeology and Historical Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Mural; Fortress (chess); Archaeology; Cliff; Nothing; Settlement (finance); Geography; History; Ancient history; Visual arts; Art; Painting","authors":[{"name":"Pamela Rose","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1684555967412958,"gpt":0.3408031495081877,"spread":0.1723475527668919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001176424,0.0002923896,0.0004343339,0.0003562608,0.001655022,0.00004330024,0.0008118995,0.0001659604,0.003302269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002806079,0.0002214493,0.0001221667,0.0002488348,0.006357085,0.0002196422,0.001164149,0.001089648,0.00098116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006625701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008835592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002953486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01131927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956186,0.0005646877,0.0004801186,0.0007664896,0.0009082458,0.001661848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982421,0.0006034985,0.00006261098,0.0004601416,0.0001983299,0.0004332613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004871926,0.0006862495,0.01132325,0.00003032388,0.00004714145,0.0007520602,0.1191141,0.0000315695,0.0002808906,0.8600281,0.002585856,0.004633256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001406172,0.003512021,0.04634243,0.00005045593,0.00001097196,0.00001186809,0.005052442,0.00002805537,0.00008297435,0.3309803,0.6119877,0.000534638],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.868259,0.00261355,0.0001294208,0.01536596,0.0003994736,0.0007993722,0.000090391,0.0002379118,0.1121049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994839,0.0002670979,0.000591345,0.0001997663,0.0004570393,0.0002232282,0.0000254375,0.00002547212,0.003371636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6094018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}