{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"964d8ff585d2","filters":{"venue":"Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE)"}},"results":[{"id":"W3104090027","doi":"10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.22.31","title":"AN OVERVIEW ON EMERGING WATER SCARCITY CHALLANGE IN PAKISTAN, ITS CONSUMPTION, CAUSES, IMPACTS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE)","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Water scarcity; Natural resource economics; Scarcity; Water resources; Food security; Water security; Business; Population; Agriculture; Industrialisation; Urbanization; Population growth; Natural resource; Water resource management; Environmental planning; Geography; Economics; Economic growth; Environmental science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Saddam Hussain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saba Malik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Umair Ashraf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Sohail Waqas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sikandar Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lubna Anjum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Aslam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hassan Afzal","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.105158253254537,"gpt":0.2777135025460015,"spread":0.1725552492914645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004578513,0.0003729449,0.000350852,0.0003620329,0.00004808887,0.0002104442,0.0005431143,0.0001241515,0.00003457078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002796466,0.0002925433,0.00002722994,0.0001869971,0.00002417257,0.0004844422,0.0002950476,0.0003124334,0.00004144373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000764234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002494905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009299869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003837116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979517,0.00006152583,0.0004680747,0.0005489071,0.0003397372,0.0006300367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991492,0.0000215232,0.00002463309,0.0005673397,0.00001882832,0.0002184784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001687649,0.000086671,0.02838608,0.002546502,0.0001226296,0.000256255,0.02209018,0.9075097,0.03314287,0.00003660388,0.0003064028,0.005347325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002810207,0.0001870132,0.03887727,0.0008894607,0.00007178964,0.00001227225,0.0001592435,0.7742771,0.02536976,0.00001154872,0.1557683,0.00156602],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957296,0.0021698,0.0006894043,0.0002736207,0.0002368148,0.0003971757,0.00004787934,0.0003976946,0.00005800785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967669,0.001811322,0.0001728978,0.0001101338,0.0003608692,0.00002079188,0.0006541266,0.00009235839,0.00001056379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1554619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}