{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"e9faba3d5087","filters":{"venue":"Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics"}},"results":[{"id":"W4312377653","doi":"10.1364/bosd.1996.cm1","title":"Detection of Changes in Blood Glucose Concentration in vivo with Spatially Resolved Diffuse Reflectance","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Juravinski Cancer Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Reflectivity; Diffuse reflection; Scattering coefficient; In vivo; Scattering; Attenuation coefficient; Blood glucose monitoring; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform; Correlation coefficient; Light scattering; Medicine; Diabetes mellitus; Chemistry; Optics; Endocrinology; Biology; Mathematics; Physics; Biochemistry; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Jody T. Bruulsema","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthias Essenpreis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lutz Heinemann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph E. Hayward","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Berger","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. A. Gries","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Koschinsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Sandahl-Christiansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans Ørskov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas J. Farrell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael S. Patterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Böcker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006691126057371377,"gpt":0.2659619011606116,"spread":0.2592707751032403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002028449,0.0002015827,0.0004617242,0.0001638435,0.00003156676,0.00002457354,0.0000626255,0.0002010701,0.00002486845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005821444,0.0001587756,0.00003025595,0.0004954273,0.0005678343,0.0000578291,0.00002786576,0.0003508333,9.893716e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009261703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007918297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002975102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001153422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983544,0.00004073458,0.000430721,0.00036004,0.0003851405,0.0004290055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999079,0.0004116401,0.00007723706,0.0001808767,0.00005961484,0.0001915729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007146531,0.00203188,0.04943678,0.0001077161,0.00001178761,0.0002673893,0.00003792997,6.512911e-7,0.9421446,0.004617463,0.00002808575,0.0006010338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003489221,0.003328714,0.04849372,0.0004810725,0.00009048565,0.00003787128,0.0000174813,0.0009705446,0.9416286,0.001104677,0.0001725815,0.000185015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829738,0.0006212585,0.01259785,0.001867148,0.0000496894,0.0004454438,0.000009848108,0.00008119288,0.001353785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727732,0.001681827,0.02514854,0.0001596676,0.000147252,0.00003773128,0.00001536008,0.00001947283,0.0000169721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01255069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.647468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982800013","doi":"10.1364/bosd.2000.sug4","title":"Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs) in Microscopic and Macroscopic Imaging","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Digital micromirror device; Optics; Microscope; Aperture (computer memory); Microscopy; Physics; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Calum MacAulay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew L. P. Dlugan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Lane","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003152589928839093,"gpt":0.2584457437166106,"spread":0.2552931537877715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001298711,0.0002818902,0.0002785065,0.0000710318,0.00009710388,0.0001458429,0.0001815414,0.0002113355,0.00007553339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003205005,0.0002630687,0.00003867152,0.00014988,0.0009214635,0.00002393814,0.0001672334,0.0002285909,0.00001811095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002887778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005135123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001473775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001947893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982939,0.00002904907,0.0003492692,0.0006141148,0.0001541309,0.000559527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992757,0.0001221078,0.00003990432,0.0002322145,0.00002279439,0.000307303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001115041,0.0002456187,0.07428481,0.000053074,0.00001192483,0.00006588759,0.00002782002,1.686762e-7,0.8977029,0.0001875618,0.0006802608,0.02662853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002272177,0.001098401,0.076708,0.0003741942,0.00004463833,0.0001749811,0.0001000645,0.0001372291,0.824809,0.001170271,0.09210878,0.001002251],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876186,0.004489923,0.005774758,0.0007359236,0.00008143924,0.0003002882,0.00007032989,0.00005046861,0.0008782765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8909963,0.008324627,0.09858383,0.001273474,0.0002522634,0.00004675669,0.0001831417,0.00005876266,0.0002808705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09662232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989745327","doi":"10.1364/bosd.2000.sua3","title":"Optical spectroscopy and medicine: Old procedures, new bedfellows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Spectroscopy; Computer science; Publishing; World Wide Web; Physics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Henry H. Mantsch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007968998175785245,"gpt":0.3047584941420198,"spread":0.2967894959662346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004086431,0.0005539279,0.0006142465,0.0001122137,0.0002345504,0.0001030192,0.0005004791,0.0007860587,0.001814247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002764744,0.0004315955,0.0001117131,0.000389446,0.003146705,0.00001605783,0.0003521276,0.000723166,0.00006487452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005984636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000265883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007648622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001620002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995937,0.000057599,0.0006609763,0.001182314,0.0009414739,0.001220613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996739,0.0004299246,0.00006374058,0.0005346182,0.00006716789,0.002165529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007851579,0.0006781551,0.001287866,0.0001530553,0.0001100898,0.0001251949,0.00005273817,1.49092e-7,0.7972563,0.01732679,0.1674743,0.01475023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002963241,0.00635792,0.0028793,0.0003129638,0.0001658318,0.0002894074,0.00005522399,0.0001160954,0.5664213,0.0174756,0.4019005,0.00106268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8658188,0.01576783,0.02358341,0.03000595,0.0005643831,0.001553223,0.0000972936,0.0004103752,0.06219874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5614809,0.1725947,0.2238764,0.0130948,0.01209136,0.0002909172,0.001055149,0.0003440508,0.01517166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3043379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051152169","doi":"10.1364/bosd.2000.mf2","title":"Time-resolved hemoglobin oxygenation measurements of a tissue-simulating phantom containing human erythrocytes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Hemoglobin; Oxygenation; Scattering; Materials science; Saturation (graph theory); Biomedical engineering; Hemoglobin s; Biophysics; Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Cell; Medicine; Biology; Biochemistry; Internal medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Robert J. Hunter","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael S. Patterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas J. Farrell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph E. Hayward","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02170832730355216,"gpt":0.3307078808830072,"spread":0.308999553579455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004238154,0.0002910641,0.0006743114,0.0001364789,0.0001670531,0.00005091191,0.0001217261,0.000237874,0.001201664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001194977,0.000248513,0.00009461249,0.0003082953,0.0007082818,0.00009769949,0.00005770383,0.0003409053,0.00004698638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001089076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007477023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003790472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001585812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975101,0.00005285301,0.000676312,0.0004481097,0.0007533865,0.0005591983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998457,0.0005164111,0.00009450533,0.0002607611,0.0001361012,0.0005352686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005182812,0.001487267,0.006798086,0.0001991993,0.0001361317,0.0001067324,0.0001931454,0.000001827012,0.9701574,0.002295994,0.001311147,0.01679476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004372543,0.006859178,0.008621998,0.000859715,0.000489881,0.00008438668,0.0000738478,0.004670949,0.9681141,0.001702633,0.003564632,0.0005861623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735339,0.0008135402,0.007299323,0.001740331,0.00006373753,0.0007023346,0.00002061507,0.0003522782,0.01547389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9265413,0.0002301637,0.07221698,0.0004039694,0.0002496295,0.00001928027,0.00009370225,0.00003608837,0.0002089037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06491766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}