{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":345,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":345,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"e9bd08af765e","filters":{"venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2117393381","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2007.07.001","title":"Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review of recent progress","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":786,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Surface plasmon resonance; Nanotechnology; Biosensor; Computer science; Plasmon; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Optoelectronics","authors":[{"name":"Xuyen D. Hoa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew G. Kirk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maryam Tabrizian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02961079434159291,"gpt":0.3106815110557273,"spread":0.2810707167141344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005504774,0.000602133,0.001596638,0.0002757308,0.00004773682,0.00003204837,0.0001492167,0.0004769794,0.000009178017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004488382,0.0004661331,0.0002340791,0.001239452,0.0002525381,0.00004854723,0.00004729701,0.0005073036,0.00000232002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001225125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001339969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001027182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978334,0.0001412501,0.0008328384,0.0004736589,0.0002358695,0.00048298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989191,0.0000907202,0.0002873427,0.0003475241,0.0002196977,0.0001356347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007081254,0.00002478355,0.000001819612,0.03096346,0.0001030919,0.000007084344,0.00001887504,3.24952e-8,0.00002142523,0.0003456624,0.0009933345,0.9675133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009055305,0.000167882,0.000004210547,0.0362617,0.0002767299,0.00008736524,0.000010129,0.00005034128,0.001859582,0.000007757751,0.9606941,0.0004896386],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001156186,0.9976137,0.00005918541,0.00005666053,0.00007182945,0.00112579,0.0002063486,0.0003187106,0.0004321022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004838141,0.9966791,0.002920412,0.0000496435,0.00003037962,0.00002045814,0.0001243032,0.00007733986,0.00004994108],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9670237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163907797","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.046","title":"Conductive polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Conducting polymers and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":510,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Flexibility (engineering); Materials science; Conductive polymer; Biocompatibility; Nanomaterials; Polymer; Biosensor; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Shruti Nambiar","is_ca":true},{"name":"John T. W. Yeow","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01201248346323712,"gpt":0.2680953200368144,"spread":0.2560828365735772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001936535,0.0001552334,0.0001611063,0.00007503656,0.0003580392,0.00006824598,0.0001522327,0.0001408108,0.0001081679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003388805,0.0001313511,0.00006515095,0.0001898639,0.0003946422,0.0000440846,0.00002573058,0.0001640349,0.00002715238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001656265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001461981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003894491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003192493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988568,0.00001676753,0.0002016642,0.0004056519,0.0001227466,0.0003963281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992424,0.0001489552,0.0000956224,0.0002815108,0.00007611547,0.0001553864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001402392,0.00007957901,0.00001630075,0.00001045991,0.00000516027,1.718851e-7,0.00002975277,3.707117e-7,0.9814047,0.01464643,0.0003644407,0.003428674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003787907,0.000139911,0.00002192551,0.000002624626,0.00002834916,0.00001197717,0.00008476931,0.000423914,0.8926045,0.0006026344,0.1055041,0.0001966031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935912,0.0003085736,0.002126709,0.002808066,0.0001961717,0.0005417282,0.0001885565,0.0001188841,0.0001200953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928446,0.00001466928,0.005996487,0.0002183741,0.0002301941,0.0002328906,0.00004924299,0.00002164691,0.0003918952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1051396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5356342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083871382","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.03.033","title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":447,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Chemistry; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Blood plasma; Spectroscopy; Raman scattering; Whole blood; Cancer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Biochemistry; Internal medicine; Medicine; Radiation therapy; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guannan Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongzeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Min Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zufang Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiesi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005634866380267342,"gpt":0.2884219290557019,"spread":0.2827870626754345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002039999,0.0002465152,0.0002423167,0.0001073389,0.0001568553,0.00005699322,0.0001481951,0.000368682,0.00005466668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008365674,0.000201515,0.0001060852,0.0003605495,0.0002819363,0.000004165246,0.00007934016,0.0004519155,0.000001377437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002311658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007277055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009965648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000312056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983831,0.00004381047,0.0001905122,0.0006317089,0.0002399677,0.0005109195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.00003990398,0.00007025006,0.0003001772,0.00006564908,0.000220125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003302449,0.0001165077,0.0008214403,0.00001397613,0.0001741666,0.000002097293,0.000005515994,0.000006317453,0.9964369,0.00005715592,0.00006504228,0.001970667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000761996,0.001308117,0.0009857367,0.000006636543,0.0001624361,0.000003858449,0.000004646202,0.007430953,0.9865591,0.0000643215,0.002459032,0.0002531704],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997764,0.0003040924,0.0009466137,0.0003099357,0.00007715142,0.0001891041,0.00003982643,0.0000446841,0.0003246071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957195,0.001297518,0.002294059,0.000194963,0.0001788651,0.00002198317,0.00005608409,0.00002313685,0.0002139112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009877773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8217542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110364255","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112836","title":"Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of pharmaceutical compounds","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":390,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Biosensor; Biochemical engineering; Human health; Pharmaceutical industry; Computer science; Materials science; Pharmacology; Medicine; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Lanting Qian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sharmila Durairaj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott Prins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02209525251095874,"gpt":0.3200805911790551,"spread":0.2979853386680964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002721609,0.0005832821,0.001110939,0.0001086386,0.0002050025,0.00005678799,0.0002073512,0.0006391898,4.830458e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001324715,0.0003861018,0.0004812218,0.0002692813,0.0005006995,0.000003446169,0.0001070707,0.0002864798,4.453835e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004397692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001691066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004142415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007548085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978025,0.0001557936,0.0006084279,0.0007755462,0.0001635028,0.0004942457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988009,0.000184137,0.0004046457,0.0003563448,0.0001182067,0.0001357346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000254719,0.00005125474,0.000001333861,0.001924774,0.0004370613,0.000001779315,0.000004441785,1.481521e-7,0.6766903,0.00004309422,0.0001185875,0.3204725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002439959,0.0006108434,4.134094e-7,0.0001837847,0.0008278014,0.0000683104,0.000007762081,0.0002954724,0.3882904,0.000008179364,0.609138,0.0003249832],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003714063,0.9938799,0.0009897639,0.0001950267,0.00008051334,0.0009166801,0.0001613346,0.00005427839,0.000008409658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07437347,0.9238205,0.001067258,0.00009492859,0.0002988603,0.00003983712,0.0002017901,0.00007083721,0.00003254872],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6090195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2187994689","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.025","title":"Nanozyme-strip for rapid local diagnosis of Ebola","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","field":"Medicine","cited_by":387,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Public Health Agency of Canada","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Science and Technology Major Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ebola virus; Virology; Medicine; Diagnostic test; Ebolavirus; Outbreak; Emergency medicine","authors":[{"name":"Demin Duan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kelong Fan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dexi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shuguang Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mifang Liang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianlin Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pan‐He Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangguo Qiu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gary Kobinger","is_ca":true},{"name":"George F. Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiyun Yan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02578312983913658,"gpt":0.2729363048881215,"spread":0.2471531750489849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001640337,0.0001438103,0.0003247524,0.00005922281,0.00003811612,0.00001219747,0.00005672896,0.0001101321,0.0000164061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001035063,0.0001103661,0.0001440999,0.0001129643,0.0001032407,0.00002672827,0.00002013353,0.00007300003,0.00000283289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004566474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002326082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003492477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001322058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990178,0.0000208884,0.0002261076,0.0002350727,0.0001673108,0.0003327977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924,0.00006147329,0.00007943332,0.0001946268,0.0001721157,0.0002522883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008227705,0.002105121,0.02290022,0.0008892285,0.0008731572,0.00004758689,0.0004035801,0.00001483989,0.04318396,0.01983639,0.07185779,0.8296604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02121512,0.01808033,0.005766552,0.0002195956,0.001581576,0.0000957773,0.0013708,0.01443386,0.2304081,0.001464061,0.7045041,0.0008600864],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9722612,0.02370209,0.0006774592,0.002016237,0.0001263446,0.0007277795,0.0001089063,0.00004265637,0.0003373226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976278,0.001162178,0.0002423965,0.0004139955,0.000161237,0.00004906515,0.00003621565,0.00001869385,0.0002884004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8288003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4500597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343535183","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.091","title":"Aptamers, antibody scFv, and antibody Fab' fragments: An overview and comparison of three of the most versatile biosensor biorecognition elements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":312,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biosensor; Aptamer; Analyte; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Combinatorial chemistry; Computational biology; Molecular biology; Chromatography; Biochemistry; Materials science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Victor Crivianu-Gaita","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Thompson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04111907321881549,"gpt":0.3781032186318902,"spread":0.3369841454130748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002988295,0.0005486488,0.001270437,0.0001606653,0.0001580247,0.0000344779,0.0002312106,0.0005365646,0.000002114028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006148526,0.0003339988,0.0002518419,0.0003058115,0.000647574,0.00001396826,0.0002726486,0.0002062952,4.097047e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002709225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003134023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007133485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975408,0.0002066967,0.0008554308,0.0007466601,0.0002452343,0.0004051895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981306,0.00004111494,0.0009955133,0.0005662548,0.0001592403,0.0001073451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005839377,0.0002112879,0.001361739,0.002744399,0.000571839,7.998938e-7,0.00001779591,2.192609e-8,0.1874128,0.0002008311,0.00007165088,0.8073484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001840029,0.004925523,0.0006630273,0.01316586,0.003691839,0.00010241,0.0002288886,0.0001184147,0.3331586,0.0003759427,0.6394798,0.002249746],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.08567712,0.9128808,0.00003905669,0.00003478037,0.00006054167,0.0006558187,0.0006087758,0.00001785799,0.0000252567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07507899,0.9234179,0.0007370975,0.00003384524,0.00007495985,0.000005583754,0.0005753719,0.00004440844,0.00003185477],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8050987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081972192","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.016","title":"A sensitive voltammetric sensor for determination of synthetic corticosteroid triamcinolone, abused for doping","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; World Anti-Doping Agency; Bristol-Myers Squibb","keywords":"Triamcinolone acetonide; Corticosteroid; Doping; Chemistry; Medicine; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Internal medicine; Surgery","authors":[{"name":"Rajendra N. Goyal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vinod K. Gupta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sanghamitra Chatterjee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04143310537197753,"gpt":0.3434026254114303,"spread":0.3019695200394528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003699652,0.0002132057,0.0004317591,0.0001478893,0.00009573151,0.00002685965,0.00009228893,0.0002071661,0.000008432812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001307075,0.0001911343,0.0001780189,0.0002241968,0.0001099764,0.00004389491,0.00001588951,0.0001353694,7.410333e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008855068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004705096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001386818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.239381e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984712,0.00004077662,0.0004620295,0.0003844449,0.000151092,0.00049048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978412,0.001390134,0.0002310643,0.000199563,0.0002304013,0.0001076399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006162978,0.0001251126,0.00003650692,0.0002235571,0.00005035044,0.000002154533,0.00005776012,0.000001250355,0.8059624,0.00206607,0.00002424712,0.1908343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001807411,0.0006827601,0.0000636314,0.00006694545,0.000281706,0.00002454156,0.00008112158,0.04938769,0.9435241,0.002625079,0.00119324,0.000261833],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8103821,0.0009980857,0.1859623,0.001058521,0.00009819987,0.0009316668,0.0001700675,0.0001000301,0.0002989738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9547503,0.0002718023,0.04444239,0.0001737534,0.0001101344,0.0000179129,0.00001397187,0.00002356499,0.0001961991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1905725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7794229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336585453","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.061","title":"Detection of heavy metal by paper-based microfluidics","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Sigma Xia","keywords":"Microfluidics; Nanotechnology; Heavy metals; Instrumentation (computer programming); Computer science; Biochemical engineering; Process engineering; Systems engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Yang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dmitry Gritsenko","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaolong Feng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yi Chen Teh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaonan Lu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jie Xu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01126893506508371,"gpt":0.2317406843042243,"spread":0.2204717492391406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001419312,0.0004740416,0.001079683,0.0001829728,0.00006382795,0.00002894414,0.0001170928,0.000618807,0.00002536642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001863468,0.000330804,0.0004274284,0.0003232643,0.000119795,0.00005646618,0.00001901794,0.0003461046,0.0000203549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001376184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005526944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009155697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005126701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984129,0.000065246,0.0005641986,0.0003469948,0.0001649816,0.0004456778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993659,0.0000907912,0.0001331158,0.0002523995,0.00004158588,0.0001161527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006427329,0.00002299564,7.561398e-8,0.003240318,0.0001496797,0.000001138166,0.00000116384,3.39512e-7,0.05232492,0.00004454576,0.0003512196,0.9438572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001525121,0.0002568963,2.022141e-7,0.001124491,0.0003719018,0.00001759734,0.000001441403,0.0002829414,0.07365093,0.00001742889,0.9237185,0.0004051267],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002797119,0.9982128,0.0006032207,0.00001843607,0.0002013711,0.0002478629,0.0002138488,0.0001433671,0.00007936568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007295458,0.9922993,0.00003572848,0.0000138923,0.0001134455,0.00001096415,0.00003409511,0.00008267991,0.0001144772],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9434521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070756781","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.004","title":"A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase onto Au-modified titanium dioxide nanotube arrays","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Nanotube; Biosensor; Horseradish peroxidase; Cyclic voltammetry; Chronoamperometry; Detection limit; Materials science; Substrate (aquarium); Scanning electron microscope; Titanium dioxide; Electrode; Nanotechnology; Electrochemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Chemistry; Carbon nanotube; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry","authors":[{"name":"A.K.M. Kafi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guosheng Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01350562791923233,"gpt":0.1907401939141486,"spread":0.1772345659949163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002345567,0.0005202952,0.0005044994,0.0001590096,0.0003051198,0.00003004598,0.0002751043,0.0003128705,0.00002058442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001043747,0.0003721642,0.0002444588,0.0005540234,0.0003188155,0.00007959479,0.00003028739,0.0003959362,0.00001143077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002692808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001084503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001413781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001328814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975697,0.00005532225,0.0005566348,0.0005104774,0.000435311,0.0008724888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987785,0.0002374049,0.0001279472,0.0005304648,0.0001182655,0.0002073988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001417914,0.0001686651,0.0001965318,0.00005283415,0.00006920985,0.000006873348,0.0001298658,0.001890915,0.9958551,0.001070013,0.0002858163,0.0001323763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007182703,0.0005776298,0.0006867563,0.00004562163,0.00005162588,0.00005718665,0.00007305113,0.05433279,0.942106,0.0000297731,0.0008145096,0.0005067858],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997221,0.0004826361,0.0003987656,0.0004693537,0.00008882842,0.0004840961,0.00006333433,0.0002181385,0.0005738469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981723,0.0005739332,0.0005565984,0.000249838,0.0001448589,0.00002028141,0.00003715594,0.00008437545,0.0001606454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0537491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050890395","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.035","title":"Flexible polyimide microelectrode array for in vivo recordings and current source density analysis","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Microelectrode; Multielectrode array; Biomedical engineering; Electrode; Materials science; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Current source; Electrode array; In vivo; Local field potential; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Current (fluid); Medicine; Pathology; Biology; Immunohistochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Karen C. Cheung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philippe Renaud","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heikki Tanila","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaj Djupsund","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01513824007141784,"gpt":0.2463639168193959,"spread":0.231225676747978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000146302,0.0001983256,0.0002582886,0.000326369,0.0001837343,0.00009783961,0.0001119307,0.00005821912,0.000002094158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007812532,0.0001788528,0.00008659098,0.0009266709,0.0001020051,0.0001204722,0.00003270997,0.0001747399,7.055698e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004888231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002568922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009886888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001642406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984028,0.00003149862,0.0002219695,0.000605402,0.0001247541,0.0006135456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999572,0.0001261948,0.00007132667,0.0001386955,0.00001587342,0.00007587096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003403838,0.000034101,0.001749143,0.00001573388,0.000003128346,0.000001783606,0.0000169501,0.00004842253,0.9950342,0.0006525482,0.00006943991,0.002340565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002709828,0.0001645397,0.0009076115,0.000007291082,0.00004564706,0.00002200963,0.000006387108,0.004037683,0.9852588,0.0003039022,0.008750572,0.0002245408],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962898,0.0005536185,0.002441606,0.0002953548,0.00008411234,0.0002159175,0.00001271662,0.00007116232,0.00003573533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983002,0.0008657221,0.0001877471,0.000187685,0.0000582137,0.000009289683,0.000001535519,0.00001614052,0.0003734636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009775312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7293405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2561023897","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.062","title":"Microfluidic approaches for isolation, detection, and characterization of extracellular vesicles: Current status and future directions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":223,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Extracellular vesicles; Isolation (microbiology); Characterization (materials science); Nanotechnology; Microfluidics; Computational biology; Biology; Bioinformatics; Cell biology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Shima Gholizadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed S. Draz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maryam Zarghooni","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amir Sanati‐Nezhad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saeid Ghavami","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hadi Shafiee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohsen Akbari","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01987165323182458,"gpt":0.2626863228099665,"spread":0.2428146695781419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001655672,0.0003428759,0.0004838877,0.0001119143,0.0001507511,0.00003954499,0.00007184657,0.0003670973,0.000001585287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002951325,0.0002740411,0.00014545,0.0001131603,0.0001798852,0.000009464795,0.0000642396,0.0001139122,3.948483e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000303541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001512483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001103028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002553094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998518,0.0001015869,0.0004242778,0.0005661583,0.00007574524,0.0003141811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991671,0.00002645353,0.0003436916,0.0002532214,0.00008282805,0.0001267504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002970752,0.00004625047,0.00001565195,0.002608315,0.00009452302,1.3577e-7,0.00002002698,3.059573e-9,0.1395362,0.0001950303,0.00002197808,0.8574321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002862194,0.000256338,0.00004862525,0.0003869849,0.0003400059,0.00002126618,0.0000145938,0.0000121723,0.01216478,0.0000484531,0.9860943,0.0003262653],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02730452,0.9701666,0.001191879,0.00002474943,0.0001467984,0.000777211,0.0003725185,0.00001323243,0.000002514632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002564466,0.9960906,0.000101086,0.000003991164,0.0005107804,0.00006918297,0.0005218418,0.00005433251,0.00008373032],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9860723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W273464587","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.018","title":"Multi-color quantum dot-based fluorescence immunoassay array for simultaneous visual detection of multiple antibiotic residues in milk","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canadian Food Inspection Agency","keywords":"Quantum dot; Fluorescence; Immunoassay; Chemistry; Chromatography; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Optics; Biology; Physics; Antibody","authors":[{"name":"Erqun Song","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mengqun Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunyun Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weihua Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark T. Swihart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yang Song","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01479333716270943,"gpt":0.2799229225229641,"spread":0.2651295853602547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000381812,0.0002511769,0.0003167462,0.0001430374,0.00007730661,0.00002061464,0.0001216303,0.0002916464,9.7516e-8],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005712323,0.0002134815,0.0001202081,0.0002287943,0.0002002584,0.000006364696,0.00003273797,0.0001187787,3.872807e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005544398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001257248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001195921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008980287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985021,0.00009194855,0.000371587,0.0004828945,0.0001412799,0.000410164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991511,0.00008136359,0.0001906371,0.0002486195,0.0002399674,0.00008830091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007834343,0.0002150246,0.001301916,0.00003698437,0.00003107959,0.000002696962,0.00001856744,0.00007566614,0.9939314,0.000005176994,0.00001258819,0.00358552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001380591,0.002170715,0.0002938691,0.00003693124,0.00003394141,0.00000807354,0.0001245482,0.02997311,0.9647502,0.00001984747,0.0009222238,0.0002859101],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901069,0.001228323,0.008056577,0.0000671872,0.0000590961,0.0004018936,0.00003882946,0.00003764697,0.000003529563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796007,0.00034683,0.01978825,0.00004819839,0.00005805082,0.00000710154,0.00008295578,0.00002738305,0.00004054361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02989744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8705525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057007935","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.020","title":"Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Laser; Raman spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Excitation; Materials science; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Plasma; Raman scattering; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Physics; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Shangyuan Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juqiang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianji Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanan Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongzeng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiesi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haishan Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00401905444377183,"gpt":0.2600318493823302,"spread":0.2560127949385584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002010467,0.0003192709,0.0002348595,0.00008406016,0.0001749085,0.00006789995,0.0002504738,0.0005327307,0.0001082161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001177252,0.0002625937,0.0001075548,0.0003399817,0.000221563,0.000005214193,0.00007264634,0.0006659022,0.000005816092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004395444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000122903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005108756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009135125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997932,0.00005615102,0.0002432901,0.0006810237,0.0003436664,0.0007439359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991222,0.00003439811,0.00009032678,0.0003900571,0.00008752475,0.0002755196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004908222,0.0002276219,0.0001735604,0.00001529762,0.0000429311,0.000002067691,0.000002979531,8.544069e-7,0.995784,0.00001856862,0.002237295,0.001003943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001215593,0.002071775,0.00004492621,0.00001321117,0.00003281646,0.000008547564,0.000004226405,0.001093903,0.9656054,0.00005090597,0.02953963,0.0003191073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961336,0.0003591611,0.001448446,0.0008474926,0.0001441341,0.0002901662,0.00006879179,0.00008029104,0.0006278619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955941,0.001304839,0.00136189,0.0004079858,0.0002518967,0.00003484731,0.0001229294,0.00004354228,0.0008779981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0301787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963118084","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2019.111530","title":"Highly sensitive bioaffinity electrochemiluminescence sensors: Recent advances and future directions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":214,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"University of Kurdistan; Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council","keywords":"Electrochemiluminescence; Biosensor; Bioanalysis; Nanotechnology; Chemiluminescence; Biomolecule; Aptamer; Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Detection limit; Biology; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Bahareh Babamiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Delnia Bahari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdollah Salimi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01418608052890243,"gpt":0.2945909933805788,"spread":0.2804049128516764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002368732,0.0008654394,0.00136213,0.0002152147,0.0002615697,0.00008719258,0.0001798525,0.0009527525,0.000001073197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000757062,0.000672985,0.0003587683,0.0005456277,0.0003300671,0.00001288535,0.0001892905,0.0005503937,0.000004804887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008772041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002472274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005286243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003616891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969553,0.000210853,0.0005607599,0.001340827,0.0002092644,0.0007230077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984694,0.00005861316,0.0004615273,0.000601845,0.0002247869,0.0001838397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004533257,0.00006354933,0.000003042571,0.001653316,0.000286064,0.000006799452,0.00001055058,3.900421e-8,0.00680462,0.00005888223,0.0003846964,0.9906831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001561962,0.0005572036,0.000001444512,0.0005182658,0.0006989301,0.0003269369,0.00005281203,0.000005693584,0.02074355,0.00001408547,0.9760605,0.0008644324],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001310782,0.9972579,0.00001607743,0.0001999742,0.0001789541,0.0005942758,0.0001646953,0.0001020358,0.0001752518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004711812,0.9962906,0.0009768142,0.0001056784,0.0009783322,0.00001970884,0.0005971512,0.00008436669,0.000476193],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9898187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963618825","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2019.111531","title":"A label-free electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of gliotoxin based on DNA nanostructure/MXene nanocomplexes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"MXene and MAX Phase Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biosensor; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Nanostructure; Materials science; Detection limit; Electrode; DNA; Electrochemistry; Chemistry; Chromatography; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Hui Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hui Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yue Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Menghua Xiong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Feng Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chao Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007585155310810175,"gpt":0.223716542494257,"spread":0.2161313871834469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003338666,0.0003306626,0.0005151347,0.0001674721,0.0001232508,0.00006983457,0.0002082272,0.0002403078,0.00003265154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001232192,0.0002699232,0.0001126921,0.0002112454,0.0001313079,0.00007378752,0.00005872655,0.0001017152,0.00001811222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008455363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001132663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000350746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003196176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979808,0.0001049487,0.0004110987,0.0005973686,0.0002734174,0.0006323478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988016,0.0002062788,0.0002540917,0.0004647241,0.0001704782,0.0001028301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001211712,0.00009464039,0.000006594662,0.000117173,0.00001840895,0.00000154453,0.00002622491,0.000003343382,0.9960897,0.001889505,0.0001110239,0.0004301131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002219107,0.002621853,0.00005460976,0.00004446993,0.000045995,0.00001769413,0.00002040324,0.000941652,0.9910173,0.0005959038,0.002081265,0.0003397933],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977179,0.0001132795,0.000208775,0.0002793982,0.0003100378,0.0008818955,0.0002953705,0.00008896431,0.0001043936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970166,0.00003520597,0.002280768,0.0003200772,0.000131874,0.00002532566,0.00004032888,0.00003919867,0.0001106266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005072462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129098886","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.048","title":"Surface plasmon resonance detection of E. coli and methicillin-resistant S. aureus using bacteriophages","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":211,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe; BioPhage Pharma (Canada); Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Staphylococcus aureus; Microbiology; Surface plasmon resonance; Escherichia coli; Bacteria; Pathogenic bacteria; Biology; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Nanoparticle","authors":[{"name":"Nancy Tawil","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Sacher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rosemonde Mandeville","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michel Meunier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01679897315861436,"gpt":0.2464646372658451,"spread":0.2296656641072308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001798408,0.000131954,0.0001549997,0.00002257637,0.0001521515,0.00002488313,0.00004886342,0.0001059623,0.00004838527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001543675,0.0001150536,0.00003417856,0.000131781,0.0001821754,0.0001896197,0.00007369688,0.0001352823,0.000006767966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009451195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008254089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006461228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002492243,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991806,0.00004830499,0.0001793409,0.0001870769,0.00008477955,0.0003199296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996501,0.0000379835,0.0001053079,0.0001107358,0.00001068555,0.00008519355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005503835,0.00003583988,0.0008806373,0.00001074847,0.000008973458,4.727468e-7,0.0001440418,0.000008304442,0.9960735,0.00003029841,0.00001726785,0.002734892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001953506,0.0002074007,0.07992014,0.00001998028,0.00004077971,0.00001928031,0.00008824981,0.0006401911,0.8979245,0.00001318589,0.02074438,0.0001865147],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970335,0.002506813,0.00005884767,0.00005943675,0.0001142228,0.0001132444,0.0000231648,0.00001516162,0.00007563431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974816,0.001148152,0.001065439,0.00004200855,0.00002741115,8.847957e-7,0.000002128095,0.00001209564,0.0002203094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09814893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4691751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107122234","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112830","title":"Diagnosis of COVID-19 for controlling the pandemic: A review of the state-of-the-art","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","field":"Medicine","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Asymptomatic; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Asymptomatic carrier; Coronavirus; Contact tracing; Intensive care medicine; Middle East respiratory syndrome; Medicine; Disease; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Virology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Pathology; Outbreak","authors":[{"name":"Nastaran Taleghani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fariborz Taghipour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08335453027542404,"gpt":0.3646686252958868,"spread":0.2813140950204627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007470917,0.0002724659,0.00158866,0.00004826571,0.0001083524,0.000007086744,0.0002474436,0.000140752,0.000004426694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002931756,0.0001170898,0.0009032159,0.0005767801,0.0002222316,0.0000104921,0.00007579949,0.0003886666,7.123042e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009472908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009538264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002354618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002682052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998121,0.0002346226,0.0008836008,0.0002630234,0.0002514779,0.0002462394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969518,0.001306144,0.001126257,0.0004045358,0.0001567827,0.0000544322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006665756,0.00006433326,0.000157746,0.1556406,0.0005380636,0.000001097201,0.00007769157,2.615665e-7,0.000649615,0.0001305445,0.001925277,0.8407481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005035222,0.0002746332,0.000001536339,0.02767956,0.002009009,0.00007305628,0.000009627426,0.0000507307,0.002883057,0.00005273238,0.9663473,0.0001151741],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004959502,0.9952598,0.00003279344,0.001246646,0.0001186563,0.002674304,0.0001281405,0.00001826412,0.00002547802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005857014,0.9966503,0.00005262452,0.002443559,0.00007016939,0.0001079503,0.000006602044,0.00003134232,0.00005169079],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9644221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4774783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066236350","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.017","title":"Dielectric spectroscopy as a viable biosensing tool for cell and tissue characterization and analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Dielectric spectroscopy; Dielectric; Capacitance; Materials science; Electrical impedance; Optoelectronics; Spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Electrode; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Khalil Heileman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jamal Daoud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maryam Tabrizian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01244304768914978,"gpt":0.2465888192249297,"spread":0.2341457715357799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000140042,0.0005773627,0.001303101,0.0005828724,0.0001722058,0.0002390463,0.00009783149,0.0006250523,0.000005336163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002715968,0.0004679463,0.0001517591,0.0008133313,0.0001105244,0.00008113861,0.00006631972,0.0002943732,0.000006138759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009668832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005283088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001462746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003338657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982431,0.00003262992,0.0004449804,0.0005644489,0.00009557066,0.0006192938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999349,0.00009270834,0.0001588593,0.0002738486,0.00004637232,0.00007920211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005553915,0.00002006049,0.000006307732,0.004377108,0.000418974,0.000003546216,0.0000196681,1.202182e-7,0.1440202,0.0001802859,0.0003232582,0.8506249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002252786,0.0004344377,0.000006553295,0.0004448012,0.002838291,0.00008201521,0.00001151533,0.002230424,0.06833869,0.00007182856,0.9244244,0.0008917669],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02900495,0.9671158,0.002350841,0.00003245083,0.00007506048,0.0009677975,0.00009142429,0.0003324389,0.00002929045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002252793,0.9945366,0.002386667,0.00001779727,0.00008142776,0.00002323912,0.0002936162,0.00007588379,0.0003319291],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9241011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014048114","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.006","title":"Long period grating based biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Escherichia coli; Biosensor; Surface plasmon resonance; Bacteriophage; Materials science; Grating; Optical fiber; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Optics; Nanoparticle; Physics; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Saurabh Mani Tripathi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wojtek J. Bock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Predrag Mikulic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raja Chinnappan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andy Ng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mona Tolba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammed Zourob","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01094713642676206,"gpt":0.2195714460032489,"spread":0.2086243095764869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001865172,0.0002056761,0.0002037773,0.0000576666,0.0001480057,0.00002721749,0.00008123557,0.0001260411,0.000006097421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006094707,0.0001556197,0.000083539,0.0002031448,0.00008934062,0.00009384842,0.00001300964,0.0001473561,0.000001731293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006387854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001711417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005357285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002269324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998973,0.00002238121,0.0002491979,0.0001465963,0.0001019108,0.000506934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994013,0.0001879225,0.00007505337,0.0002038076,0.00005503904,0.00007691641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004595408,0.00002205661,0.0003344542,0.00008504576,0.00005568373,2.397531e-7,0.0001787197,0.0006698635,0.9887327,0.0002140782,0.0000148669,0.009646355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006205965,0.000255948,0.005824809,0.00002243065,0.00009760461,0.0000137514,0.0003120505,0.1145462,0.8697724,0.00001650236,0.008158648,0.0003590336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780658,0.002882074,0.01802386,0.00007411893,0.0003583092,0.0004079448,0.00002981482,0.000126095,0.0000319304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941522,0.0001905738,0.005339233,0.00003194232,0.0001705159,0.00002573022,0.000006547211,0.0000505037,0.00003272513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1189602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6345989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021880533","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.063","title":"Electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles–protein G for the detection of cancer marker epidermal growth factor receptor in human plasma and brain tissue","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Colloidal gold; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; Electrochemistry; Brain cancer; Electrical impedance; Biomedical engineering; Chemistry; Epidermal growth factor; Receptor; Human plasma; Dielectric spectroscopy; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Cancer; Biophysics; Chromatography; Medicine; Electrode; Biochemistry; Breast cancer; Internal medicine; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Reda Elshafey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ana C. Tavares","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed Siaj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammed Zourob","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006677739898065599,"gpt":0.262682462540793,"spread":0.2560047226427274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001679827,0.0002243654,0.0002281542,0.00006614134,0.0001067059,0.00002932273,0.00009936928,0.000206845,0.000002345806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001297316,0.0001596586,0.00007367955,0.0001464662,0.0001883446,0.000007706935,0.00003411453,0.0001473457,3.079616e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003814213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003436759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001382204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002167759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987376,0.00007260429,0.0002886812,0.0004063874,0.0001063294,0.0003883603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993919,0.00008899494,0.0001428143,0.0002134368,0.0001075665,0.00005529518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002365534,0.00004829128,0.0002927583,0.00002711941,0.00003317976,1.680935e-7,0.000007452752,0.00000114504,0.9850581,0.00003787317,0.00007703718,0.01418033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000569249,0.001030266,0.001173647,0.00003026048,0.00002093888,0.000002681859,0.0000216949,0.002251519,0.992954,0.00006445393,0.001660825,0.0002204955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99669,0.001217305,0.0003460093,0.001079139,0.00001763486,0.0005975918,0.00002800934,0.00001812113,0.000006168917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979475,0.0005671296,0.0009055794,0.0002111363,0.00007133349,0.00009356876,0.00001948746,0.00002440143,0.0001599208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01395984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6510687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2950806508","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.015","title":"Recent advancement in biosensors technology for animal and livestock health management","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Livestock; Animal health; Productivity; Risk analysis (engineering); Agriculture; Animal agriculture; Biotechnology; Isolation (microbiology); Computer science; Business; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Biology; Medicine; Veterinary medicine; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Suresh Neethirajan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satish K. Tuteja","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sheng‐Tung Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"D.F. Kelton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.136049697462258,"gpt":0.457803617008676,"spread":0.321753919546418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005937545,0.0004586203,0.002135561,0.0006594877,0.0001834021,0.00003344167,0.0001690543,0.0003756526,0.000005343074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001617172,0.0003574456,0.0001703314,0.0001935944,0.000304863,0.00003418148,0.0002056777,0.0005260734,0.000004332813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003840544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002474074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001561471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008367385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969559,0.0001315274,0.0007498047,0.0008183451,0.000141204,0.001203262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988053,0.00003334575,0.0003809353,0.0004484149,0.00005375388,0.0002781807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001988812,0.0001020628,0.00006733629,0.008995041,0.000153879,0.00004985813,0.000005759704,2.29061e-8,0.000005692555,0.00122446,0.0005975373,0.9885995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001211538,0.006129083,0.0000931246,0.004928735,0.0001374878,0.0003227642,0.0000388162,0.00002229495,0.000001984015,0.00008822021,0.9867918,0.0002341836],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008549248,0.9889733,0.00001483185,0.006821526,0.00006711571,0.003093639,0.0000836605,0.00003705067,0.0000539186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001999426,0.9959568,0.002646854,0.0002236671,0.00009295054,0.0002645182,0.0001376988,0.00004920061,0.000428311],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9883653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080707825","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112537","title":"Conjugation of antibodies and aptamers on nanozymes for developing biosensors","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Ministry of Finance; China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aptamer; Biosensor; Nanotechnology; Biomolecule; Chemistry; Conjugate; Nanomaterials; Materials science; Biology; Molecular biology","authors":[{"name":"Xiaoqi Tao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xin Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Biwu Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Juewen Liu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04516142128527773,"gpt":0.3333865799209964,"spread":0.2882251586357186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002955184,0.0005033262,0.001736985,0.0002122795,0.0001646552,0.00007552955,0.0001910384,0.0003055169,0.000005605466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002355429,0.0003888146,0.0001946839,0.0002646366,0.000331398,0.00008289039,0.0001058634,0.000104304,0.000008354755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001084435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000221123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005395496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003988775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978073,0.0001108166,0.0007412974,0.0007200756,0.0001877843,0.000432689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984263,0.0004156002,0.0007466362,0.0002455548,0.00009093466,0.00007500419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001319244,0.00003889598,0.000002670258,0.01985534,0.0002419576,0.000006292946,0.0001616374,7.932074e-7,0.1186581,0.008441081,0.0001532657,0.852308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003034215,0.0005586373,0.000001513248,0.002810615,0.0005921209,0.00002966378,0.00006001176,0.00002046558,0.211939,0.0002977968,0.7827079,0.0006789173],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01657938,0.9813594,0.0001012226,0.0001194961,0.0002765685,0.0009293287,0.0005510146,0.00006873644,0.00001486301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001886156,0.9913352,0.006370388,0.00004405243,0.0001141812,0.00003717858,0.0001163499,0.00005998452,0.00003648509],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8516291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2216683958","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.047","title":"Highly sensitive detection of urinary protein variations using tilted fiber grating sensors with plasmonic nanocoatings","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Biosensor; Surface plasmon resonance; Detection limit; Fiber Bragg grating; Grating; Plasmon; Optical fiber; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Microfluidics; Optics; Nanotechnology; Wavelength; Nanoparticle; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Tuan Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fu Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xing Liang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuhui Qiu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunyun Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chen Xie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peng Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Mao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bai‐Ou Guan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jacques Albert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0125842019569631,"gpt":0.209574467439688,"spread":0.1969902654827249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001470626,0.0002770672,0.0002849516,0.0001586083,0.0001088214,0.00002677117,0.00005447043,0.0001593499,0.000001404503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005804893,0.000250137,0.00004159232,0.0004646494,0.0001028171,0.0001623291,0.00002587984,0.000250883,0.000003756075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002122761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007437154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000600373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002927641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986944,0.00005265136,0.0003179378,0.000280364,0.0002257221,0.00042898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992839,0.00006326216,0.0001403351,0.0001943347,0.0001934375,0.0001247594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001146752,0.00003995578,0.00005995085,0.0000652301,0.0001088762,0.00001912461,0.0007143932,0.04432877,0.9529295,0.0002610241,0.000005958648,0.001352518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071926,0.0007152226,0.0001068104,0.00008499473,0.00006676074,0.0002274601,0.0004104203,0.2646727,0.7323273,0.00007530274,0.0002124634,0.000381309],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960851,0.0001908973,0.002830456,0.00002595171,0.0000549616,0.0004181863,0.00002073806,0.0002216387,0.0001520703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797606,0.00002001804,0.01996676,0.000006359471,0.00004747458,0.00000879561,0.000008158446,0.00006432915,0.0001174517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2206022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2597200695","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.036","title":"Direct detection of two different tumor-derived extracellular vesicles by SAM-AuNIs LSPR biosensor","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Hong Kong; University of Toronto; City University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Biosensor; Extracellular vesicles; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Extracellular; Materials science; Biology; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Abhimanyu Thakur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guangyu Qiu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siu‐Pang Ng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jintao Guan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianbo Yue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Youngjin Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chi‐Man Lawrence Wu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008371751573790769,"gpt":0.2426587258864795,"spread":0.2342869743126887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000190276,0.0003464216,0.0003275751,0.00005696952,0.0004068012,0.0001034832,0.0003714187,0.00018007,0.000007923359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001336899,0.0003125338,0.0001781163,0.00004827388,0.0004574196,0.00001256343,0.0001899012,0.0001460068,0.000004028538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003081575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005638913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007042503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001111494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982225,0.0001092911,0.0003528945,0.0006087952,0.0002053247,0.0005011941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984102,0.00002119865,0.0003842327,0.0009060012,0.00008872634,0.0001897005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001700183,0.0001667171,0.001661628,0.00004029136,0.00009045723,0.000008237298,0.00001525752,0.000001566052,0.9916193,0.0001029034,0.0001659463,0.005957616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001005557,0.0005955376,0.002816148,0.00002129799,0.00008122837,0.00001970101,0.00003437402,0.0001683298,0.9871195,0.00008320009,0.007670103,0.000385049],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98597,0.01292113,0.0002713697,0.0001060423,0.0001324351,0.000270908,0.0001081357,0.00002871294,0.0001912414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972144,0.001773225,0.0001974465,0.00004589837,0.0001615577,0.0000118125,0.00006658757,0.00005213225,0.0004768831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01124443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167005084","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.017","title":"Nanoscale porous silicon waveguide for label-free DNA sensing","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biosensor; Waveguide; Detection limit; Biomolecule; Porous silicon; Materials science; Molecular binding; Silicon; Silane; Resonance (particle physics); Nanoscopic scale; Glutaraldehyde; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Molecule; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Guoguang Rong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Najmaie","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. E. Sipe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sharon M. Weiss","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01784008712702684,"gpt":0.2335373111595702,"spread":0.2156972240325434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001710282,0.0002327999,0.0002796452,0.00005495361,0.0004061458,0.00005791882,0.0002166624,0.0001597134,0.00002936686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001313958,0.0001936031,0.00006413821,0.0001431447,0.0002329306,0.00008240758,0.00008011949,0.00009163628,0.000009378263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004581278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001048742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001509687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001258599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984046,0.00003733738,0.0002837699,0.0004652731,0.0001864616,0.000622552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999158,0.000102289,0.0001129661,0.0003960438,0.0001037893,0.0001269245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008314561,0.00002254021,0.0001271291,0.00002316006,0.000005840695,0.0000123863,0.0001066073,6.02457e-7,0.9951285,0.000576641,0.002522915,0.001390597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009004705,0.0004211102,0.0003940602,0.00001462663,0.00001920576,0.0003961915,0.00003265374,0.001029835,0.9852675,0.0005380026,0.01067724,0.0003090888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972661,0.001235106,0.00002653137,0.0004437071,0.0003445161,0.0003394333,0.00008811137,0.0000980383,0.000158514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965443,0.0003849817,0.001626025,0.0004658774,0.000200932,0.000004659522,0.00001344809,0.00002850044,0.000731247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009860918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7894905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2397764170","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.072","title":"A microfluidic biosensor using graphene oxide and aptamer-functionalized quantum dots for peanut allergen detection","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Aptamer; Graphene; Biosensor; Quantum dot; Microfluidics; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Allergen; Oxide; Materials science; Molecular biology; Biology; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Xuan Weng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suresh Neethirajan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01351137208201221,"gpt":0.2578349347913135,"spread":0.2443235627093013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002329726,0.0003056334,0.0002689876,0.0001353704,0.0002596629,0.00003608455,0.000077594,0.0002655823,0.000001417587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008536425,0.000213481,0.0001645065,0.0001476943,0.0002492155,0.00001024047,0.00006559293,0.00006641687,6.223036e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003868336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004894493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002835509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004236095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983988,0.00006241768,0.0002964091,0.0006584394,0.0001187953,0.0004651484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992797,0.00003326585,0.0001546421,0.0002570022,0.0001541922,0.0001211982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003537083,0.00003516859,0.0001683227,0.00001790302,0.0001281823,9.543375e-7,0.000004042377,1.276728e-7,0.9857005,0.0002320878,0.0002340925,0.01312492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009381867,0.0006931479,0.0002422416,0.00002899648,0.00009955107,0.00008983704,0.00003216657,0.0001735992,0.9337355,0.0005389347,0.06303311,0.0003947597],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778559,0.007727964,0.01357274,0.000315793,0.00007226659,0.0003124306,0.00006856308,0.00006364353,0.00001070381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762233,0.01960064,0.003458162,0.0001800914,0.0001791956,0.00001302371,0.00003718497,0.00003907368,0.0002692761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06279902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8705501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3136218825","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2021.113188","title":"AIEgens enabled ultrasensitive point-of-care test for multiple targets of food safety: Aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid as an example","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Agriculture","funders":"","keywords":"Aflatoxin; Food safety; Mycotoxin; Point-of-care testing; Ochratoxin A; Point of care; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Food science; Materials science; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"X.M. Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pengfei Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Du Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jun Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaomei Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhaowei Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ben Zhong Tang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peiwu Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01255387016662122,"gpt":0.2304372927637109,"spread":0.2178834225970897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000268211,0.0002380782,0.0004955414,0.00006332386,0.0001495943,0.0000562275,0.000107446,0.0001488035,0.00004090818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002725155,0.0002060445,0.00007603817,0.0001234789,0.0001979597,0.0001615625,0.00007219735,0.00006157241,0.000002967434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003715279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001998483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001134903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005305347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982953,0.00008741434,0.0004325748,0.0005217692,0.0001688182,0.0004941405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988165,0.0002305274,0.0002067603,0.0002934661,0.0003273312,0.0001253501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002751094,0.0001444458,0.001023695,0.0002514079,0.00002181801,0.000005782069,0.001005559,8.731281e-7,0.9956557,0.001221496,0.00001944051,0.0003746298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001190261,0.002156518,0.000984872,0.00006906506,0.00005936396,0.00003881187,0.001215038,0.00005952323,0.9928844,0.0003507812,0.0007322012,0.0002591901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965521,0.002045918,0.00004975631,0.0001001135,0.000132448,0.000444316,0.0006039401,0.0000329533,0.00003845332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966753,0.0009205752,0.002040277,0.00006319176,0.00007912573,0.000009275681,0.0001463289,0.00002690193,0.00003909813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00277137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8402249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991297296","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2019.111933","title":"Detection of pathogenic bacteria via nanomaterials-modified aptasensors","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","keywords":"Aptamer; Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment; Nanotechnology; Bioanalysis; Nanomaterials; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Materials science; Engineering; Molecular biology","authors":[{"name":"Simin Sharifi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sepideh Zununi Vahed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elham Ahmadian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Solmaz Maleki Dizaj","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aziz Eftekhari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rovshan Khalilov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moloud Ahmadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ezat Hamidi‐Asl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahmoud Labib","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01994041995073905,"gpt":0.2890545666924608,"spread":0.2691141467417218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002842992,0.0006248578,0.001475524,0.0002105044,0.00008565584,0.00003713058,0.0002229055,0.0009447627,0.000002100017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004718431,0.000487075,0.0006206718,0.0002609176,0.0001723902,0.000004729968,0.0001515921,0.000196598,0.000005572217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004999506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001555954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009154526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001383792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975193,0.0002306398,0.0007772761,0.0008301495,0.0001646103,0.0004780449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983607,0.0000273559,0.000723596,0.0006864983,0.0001105283,0.00009134702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004402568,0.00003641254,3.178175e-7,0.001585018,0.0002196506,0.000001978951,0.000001972893,1.07665e-7,0.6081255,0.00001380492,0.00001991877,0.3899513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002028055,0.0008950122,0.000001804134,0.0005668835,0.0009625716,0.0001863368,0.00000490126,0.00001624674,0.3113073,0.00001610422,0.6851442,0.0006958477],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02556986,0.9730428,0.000209311,0.00000433516,0.0002128573,0.0006148212,0.0002597658,0.000050425,0.00003580493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06332238,0.9349314,0.0005248939,0.00001631254,0.0002335199,0.00001441019,0.0006202901,0.00007921756,0.0002576014],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6851243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997581,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004480916","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.012","title":"Au nanoparticle/graphene nanocomposite as a platform for the sensitive detection of NADH in human urine","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Graphene; Nanocomposite; Urine; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Chemistry; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Govindhan Maduraiveeran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mona Amiri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01064947704054388,"gpt":0.2415233554329591,"spread":0.2308738783924153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000394826,0.00009995713,0.0001495955,0.00005162574,0.0002323636,0.00002912145,0.00009122384,0.00005154376,0.000002808871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002354161,0.00006790868,0.00004659387,0.0001458517,0.0001089307,0.00004746412,0.00003112532,0.00004523784,0.000002945049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003658239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002530709,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003734868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001062616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992087,0.00003106007,0.0002130998,0.0001976603,0.00008744944,0.000262058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999476,0.0001698661,0.0001016365,0.0001714174,0.00004583982,0.00003524882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004945118,0.0000390712,0.00004111249,0.00001194396,0.000005444735,1.306428e-7,0.000148177,0.000008416213,0.9870314,0.007988013,0.000003528024,0.004673331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003598457,0.0003670322,0.0009952238,0.0000130646,0.00002088487,0.000009617199,0.00008060891,0.001806913,0.9935501,0.0009486742,0.001753642,0.00009439094],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982321,0.0001084559,0.0009032754,0.0002756538,0.00003877316,0.0003508862,0.00001014799,0.00001729095,0.00006341049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995435,0.00003331061,0.0002213803,0.00005650048,0.00004989756,0.00004060268,0.000001800472,0.000009027383,0.0000439363],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007039339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2769235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2771755023","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.014","title":"Electrochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":163,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; The Scarborough Hospital","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","keywords":"Detection limit; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Calibration curve; Ferrocene; Electrochemical gas sensor; Materials science; Chromatography; Linear range; Electrochemistry; Colloidal gold; Cyclic voltammetry; Electrolyte; Voltammetry; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Nanotechnology; Electrode; Nanoparticle; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Xuefang Gu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhe She","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tianxiao Ma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shu Tian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heinz‐Bernhard Kraatz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00788377303065695,"gpt":0.2593451014610932,"spread":0.2514613284304363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001332878,0.0001582488,0.0001890592,0.00004610634,0.0002488467,0.00003572657,0.0001809859,0.0001940729,4.962644e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000867808,0.0001351395,0.0001045799,0.00004506584,0.0002556282,0.000005269086,0.00009874861,0.0001031442,5.166737e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001388149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004144104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002255766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007566348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990738,0.00002363387,0.0001819422,0.0003343141,0.0001019954,0.0002843204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991382,0.000005295368,0.0002020239,0.0005039522,0.00009140061,0.00005911276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006981732,0.00002519073,0.002248716,0.000008788556,0.00004345875,6.770118e-7,0.000003269739,5.396468e-8,0.9914761,0.00007915054,0.00002479126,0.006019976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002015319,0.0004890694,0.005981587,0.000008113623,0.00002800418,0.00002526348,0.00001118987,0.00007285229,0.9887728,0.0001253372,0.004108388,0.0001758299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997531,0.001111423,0.0008782783,0.0001083247,0.00002988565,0.00008706425,0.000006454773,0.00002016729,0.000227433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959186,0.002784591,0.0009419337,0.00003877736,0.0001164365,0.000002077585,0.00001841264,0.00001532226,0.0001638088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005844146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.551083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886666969","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.025","title":"Label-free ultrasensitive detection of breast cancer miRNA-21 biomarker employing electrochemical nano-genosensor based on sandwiched AgNPs in PANI and N-doped graphene","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Graphene; Nanotechnology; Nano-; Chemistry; Biomarker; Breast cancer; Doping; Cancer; Materials science; Medicine; Biochemistry; Optoelectronics; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Razieh Salahandish","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Ghaffarinejad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eskandar Omidinia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hossein Zargartalebi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keivan Majidzadeh‐A","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seyed Morteza Naghib","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amir Sanati‐Nezhad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008427331511225676,"gpt":0.260145385705818,"spread":0.2517180541945924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002380067,0.0003465743,0.0003679077,0.000219178,0.0001340257,0.00002552459,0.0001177301,0.0003362936,0.000001864057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009711433,0.0002943024,0.00009609094,0.0004501883,0.0004277757,0.000007831117,0.00006409383,0.000173663,3.532364e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007643314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001221563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981322,0.0001215176,0.0003573489,0.0006856118,0.0001886922,0.0005146824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990616,0.000043825,0.0001851665,0.0003724732,0.000227405,0.0001095297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001115348,0.0001336964,0.001617963,0.00002276299,0.0000803345,0.000003420683,0.00001763878,3.875368e-7,0.9893622,0.00001418821,0.00004511647,0.007586931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001269422,0.001220553,0.006764499,0.0000695041,0.0000735568,0.00004878263,0.00004381689,0.0008464007,0.9889767,0.00007582956,0.0002306466,0.0003803151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981204,0.0007824373,0.0003091153,0.0003499436,0.00003513785,0.0002313328,0.00009681062,0.00003697394,0.00003785201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966697,0.001652088,0.001130295,0.0003014409,0.0001224869,0.000009521064,0.00004751553,0.0000362502,0.00003077417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007206616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197877735","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2021.113595","title":"Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2: Nanoscale electrode-aptamer-SARS-CoV-2 imaging by photo-induced force microscopy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","field":"Medicine","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels","keywords":"Aptamer; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Nanoscopic scale; Nanotechnology; Biosensor; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Electrode; Materials science; Microscopy; Sars virus; Atomic force microscopy; Chemistry; Virology; Optics; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Biology; Physics; Medicine; Molecular biology","authors":[{"name":"Juan Carlos Abrego‐Martinez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maziar Jafari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Siham Chergui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cătălin Pavel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diping Che","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Siaj","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0258188909483235,"gpt":0.2984884052951757,"spread":0.2726695143468522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000376243,0.000669847,0.0009810345,0.0003376284,0.000328462,0.00009647249,0.0001673585,0.000439053,0.00000425597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004951787,0.0006662655,0.0004939989,0.001007169,0.000242104,0.0001230665,0.0000518961,0.0006662,0.000006890722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003387065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005247635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001163276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008337629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960148,0.0001315978,0.000893465,0.001167918,0.0004343189,0.001357898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979786,0.0002767172,0.0004521126,0.0005816846,0.000604235,0.0001066654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009944618,0.0003617643,0.0001369452,0.0002260172,0.0001604564,0.00001505238,0.00004036082,5.739189e-8,0.990409,0.00002787016,0.0005384645,0.007089505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004083662,0.001924311,0.00001934839,0.0001335117,0.0003246982,0.0004455123,0.00008084994,0.006764693,0.9725294,0.00006249209,0.01296913,0.0006624703],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990485,0.003525023,0.003667573,0.0006021631,0.0002422356,0.0009685565,0.00005664138,0.0002836191,0.0001692463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926671,0.0002066416,0.002901752,0.003645337,0.0001963906,0.00007235,0.00009254519,0.0001456443,0.00007224494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01787972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004447128","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.060","title":"An electrochemical immunosensor for testosterone using functionalized magnetic beads and screen-printed carbon electrodes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"World Anti-Doping Agency","keywords":"Detection limit; Amperometry; Chemistry; Hydroquinone; Chromatography; Immunoassay; Testosterone (patch); Electrode; Calibration curve; Conjugate; Electrochemistry; Selectivity; Bioanalysis; Nuclear chemistry; Biochemistry; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Marcos Eguílaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Moreno‐Guzmán","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susana Campuzano","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. González","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paloma Yáñez‐Sedeño","is_ca":false},{"name":"José M. Pingarrón","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01384663949931488,"gpt":0.2508846500945039,"spread":0.2370380105951891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002539088,0.0002574457,0.000266413,0.00002189441,0.0002840289,0.0001065063,0.0001366884,0.0002262911,0.00006415239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006336894,0.0001137508,0.00006667443,0.0001855038,0.0001678682,0.00007078124,0.00004339022,0.0003227136,6.030499e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003286997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001923097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000155734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002252411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984774,0.00006762889,0.0002098442,0.0004952429,0.0001339077,0.000616005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993241,0.0002457558,0.00007697283,0.0000686081,0.00008794817,0.0001966203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002427344,0.0001070427,0.0007509536,0.000005801213,0.00001518615,9.985547e-7,0.000004262885,1.339738e-7,0.9712092,0.0006161532,0.00001066113,0.02703691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001397873,0.007458899,0.01799733,0.0000148914,0.0001421063,0.0001505188,0.00004428204,0.01740516,0.9442524,0.00106092,0.009287183,0.000788373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978021,0.001075358,0.00001244459,0.0004347301,0.00006625257,0.0004297968,0.00002904575,0.00008705194,0.00006315659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982853,0.0002036642,0.000800613,0.0002526268,0.0003184286,0.00001917139,0.00006692407,0.000004055237,0.00004923489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0269567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4638622,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3113088690","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112905","title":"The potential application of electrochemical biosensors in the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective on the rapid diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Biosensor; Pandemic; Software portability; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Nanotechnology; Molecular beacon; Point-of-care testing; Molecular diagnostics; Perspective (graphical); Computer science; Virology; Computational biology; Materials science; Medicine; Chemistry; Biology; Bioinformatics; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Disease; Artificial intelligence; Immunology; Outbreak","authors":[{"name":"Sahar Sadat Mahshid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah Elizabeth Flynn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sara Mahshid","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03796619462239197,"gpt":0.3552952624200271,"spread":0.3173290677976351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007604719,0.0004723825,0.0008327217,0.00009571321,0.0002021217,0.00003510922,0.000647129,0.0005064001,2.549831e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001147655,0.000225316,0.0005075159,0.0006063053,0.0007238223,0.000002500256,0.0001271748,0.0006063922,7.649456e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001336563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003493676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000304865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001009757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973633,0.0005612553,0.0006961179,0.0006430885,0.000309576,0.0004267122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997696,0.0007085085,0.0006962548,0.0006999344,0.0001442445,0.00005509006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006463451,0.0004997812,0.00002503506,0.001366639,0.001175445,0.00001592631,0.000286039,0.000001352817,0.542226,0.01138119,0.003810001,0.4385662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000225863,0.0009203501,0.000001813458,0.000172103,0.0005430291,0.0001361208,0.0003782692,0.00005062902,0.09521929,0.000536118,0.9014192,0.0003972061],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004740718,0.9918306,0.0002957491,0.001765243,0.00002754249,0.001145464,0.0001124285,0.00002379211,0.00005848714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1123965,0.8867152,0.00008732874,0.000462768,0.0001495556,0.0000490615,0.0001009083,0.00003234964,0.000006283894],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8976092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9188122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803753420","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.043","title":"Nano-biosensor for highly sensitive detection of HER2 positive breast cancer","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Iran University of Science and Technology; University of Calgary","keywords":"Biosensor; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Detection limit; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticle; Electrode; Colloidal gold; Linear range; Polyaniline; Surface modification; Polymer; Chemistry; Chromatography; Polymerization","authors":[{"name":"Razieh Salahandish","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Ghaffarinejad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seyed Morteza Naghib","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keivan Majidzadeh‐A","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hossein Zargartalebi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amir Sanati‐Nezhad","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005362615471612709,"gpt":0.2580370079979506,"spread":0.2526743925263379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001527895,0.0002427617,0.0002656106,0.00008716074,0.0001803115,0.00001916991,0.00007766693,0.0002524781,4.865819e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003257793,0.0002032321,0.0001485704,0.0001908948,0.0003934677,0.000006472348,0.00005081977,0.00007327245,6.629365e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003820064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006622006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007654728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003215788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987099,0.00005121563,0.000256038,0.0004904359,0.0001127539,0.000379701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989464,0.00002190646,0.0001936385,0.0002260641,0.0005358466,0.00007614947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005300444,0.00005271809,0.0001018924,0.00001608778,0.0001395694,5.77618e-7,0.00002322065,3.579548e-7,0.9828801,0.0001272125,0.0001458328,0.01598243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003875997,0.001615034,0.0009964231,0.00002960576,0.0001004916,0.00006126011,0.00007263732,0.0001792117,0.9920064,0.00006693175,0.004199829,0.0002846186],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964367,0.0004028964,0.001773619,0.0003904003,0.00009142922,0.0003133229,0.000481771,0.0000386831,0.00007118704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960517,0.0009776214,0.001905611,0.0002303914,0.0004645912,0.00001063191,0.00006661922,0.0000302738,0.0002625485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01569782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8287565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024894556","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112270","title":"Electrochemical (bio) sensors go green","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"Center for Visual Science; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Hazardous waste; Green chemistry; Environmentally friendly; Biosensor; Electrochemical gas sensor; Electrochemistry; Nanomaterials; Materials science; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Waste management; Electrode; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Pramod K. Kalambate","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhixiang Rao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dhanjai Dhanjai","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jingyi Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yue Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajender Boddula","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunhui Huang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01490736866203153,"gpt":0.2369966009122178,"spread":0.2220892322501863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001656931,0.001537523,0.00292231,0.0002617485,0.0001853831,0.0001446255,0.0005386277,0.001442156,0.0000467316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006854076,0.001262611,0.0008487045,0.001042892,0.0002196805,0.00007957518,0.0001367276,0.002405621,0.0002832006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004250696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001563327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001014985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001175757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995449,0.0001565738,0.001091883,0.001154501,0.0004197681,0.001728273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982868,0.0002590848,0.0002108922,0.0005374165,0.00006199355,0.0006437734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002547842,0.00005477162,8.175795e-7,0.00911173,0.0007732538,0.00009491653,0.0000465262,6.038336e-7,0.007773105,0.0004972731,0.004107564,0.977514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002255304,0.0002731938,2.155678e-7,0.000894324,0.0007892998,0.0004394109,0.000008225185,0.0005666632,0.004647856,0.00009228791,0.990516,0.001546984],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004882805,0.9964641,0.00001755292,0.0001382043,0.0001622241,0.0007389014,0.00009458881,0.0009846644,0.0009114834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002621209,0.9973347,0.0003418062,0.00009539493,0.0008425109,0.00003730327,0.0002473605,0.0003269574,0.000511868],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9864085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2390389256","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.033","title":"Carbon nanotube modification of microbial fuel cell electrodes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Microbial fuel cell; Commercialization; Carbon nanotube; Flexibility (engineering); Nanotechnology; Materials science; Electricity generation; Biomass (ecology); Fuel cells; Surface modification; Electrochemical energy conversion; Carbon fibers; Electrochemistry; Electrode; Chemical engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Ahmadian Yazdi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lorenzo D’Angelo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nada Omer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gracia Windiasti","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaonan Lu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jie Xu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01456198666394019,"gpt":0.2413311805513771,"spread":0.2267691938874369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002237545,0.000387332,0.0007333887,0.00008694748,0.00005859407,0.00002454504,0.0002406416,0.0004191708,0.0001235009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001202554,0.0002593441,0.0002213164,0.0002767165,0.0001879375,0.00004660501,0.0001037369,0.0001890545,0.00006597048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002492128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008572292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001089626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005774275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981514,0.0001066404,0.0005320478,0.0005506249,0.0001938479,0.0004654828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999073,0.00004843941,0.0004797619,0.0002999101,0.00001664474,0.00008218912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002343842,0.0001531845,0.00003296024,0.005984566,0.00004774922,0.000001718728,0.00005350171,4.46556e-7,0.2692962,0.00009464398,0.001085527,0.7232261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001666418,0.0002141543,0.000004831807,0.0004683404,0.0001863723,0.0000117892,0.000002255854,0.00001206632,0.01615185,0.00004767167,0.9823318,0.0004022049],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003976817,0.9936035,0.000004905062,0.00003041299,0.0001138151,0.0005165854,0.00007082558,0.00002478502,0.001658372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004570357,0.9942491,0.0001257717,0.00001452498,0.0001232182,0.000009029205,0.00007657288,0.0000381857,0.000793253],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9812463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972027384","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.055","title":"Aptamer-based competitive electrochemical biosensor for brevetoxin‐2","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Aptamer; Biosensor; Dissociation constant; Chemistry; Analyte; Detection limit; Chromatography; Marine toxin; Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment; Combinatorial chemistry; Toxin; Biology; Biochemistry; Molecular biology; Receptor; RNA","authors":[{"name":"Shimaa Eissa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed Siaj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammed Zourob","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01742585967530892,"gpt":0.2778014510654375,"spread":0.2603755913901286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002658524,0.0003154595,0.0003008258,0.00009019421,0.000118911,0.00004442991,0.0001482157,0.0002949414,5.916694e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002233544,0.0002708474,0.0001749702,0.0001869153,0.0002495616,0.000004770138,0.00005426972,0.0001373432,0.000002199135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005436058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001929049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005764835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000310699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983129,0.00005896105,0.0002680615,0.0006185373,0.0001705158,0.0005710165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989128,0.00003412581,0.000124843,0.0003155075,0.000385004,0.0002276795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004053742,0.0001002985,0.0001309916,0.00001471985,0.00007059256,0.000001646488,0.000007841816,0.00000147887,0.9933243,0.00119486,0.002556081,0.002191822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009017839,0.001660687,0.00002125242,0.0000121175,0.00006042633,0.00003036613,0.00008289295,0.0005444591,0.879857,0.0002649293,0.1161667,0.0003974208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781862,0.002716564,0.01464571,0.002276863,0.0001244583,0.0008382842,0.0001423271,0.0002114564,0.0008581528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9773242,0.0002919501,0.0201818,0.001142806,0.0002901114,0.00002345011,0.0003130471,0.00004237895,0.0003902434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1136106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048897226","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.016","title":"Integration of gold nanoparticles in PDMS microfluidics for lab-on-a-chip plasmonic biosensing of growth hormones","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Microfluidics; Biosensor; Nanotechnology; Colloidal gold; Detection limit; Nanoparticle; Materials science; Kinetics; Chemistry; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Hamid SadAbadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simona Bǎdilescu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Muthukumaran Packirisamy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rolf Wüthrich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009545837862553438,"gpt":0.2000328352685317,"spread":0.1904869974059783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001196965,0.000165935,0.0002644605,0.0001740216,0.00002506919,0.00002063254,0.00005503293,0.0001468916,0.000002035274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004972862,0.0001381532,0.00007420762,0.0002807882,0.00008702786,0.00007323823,0.00001100443,0.0001215721,0.000002451974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004168143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001274389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008310704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004024355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990548,0.00001980712,0.0003660143,0.0001696135,0.00009434097,0.0002954324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995933,0.00009983277,0.00006194233,0.0001086539,0.00008670845,0.000049563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003159085,0.00004102782,0.0001095106,0.00008725756,0.00002031768,2.569329e-7,0.00005558732,0.00004124482,0.9879121,0.002090486,0.0002443563,0.009366331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003751583,0.0004811267,0.001625036,0.00006448162,0.00001921266,0.000002912867,0.00009830882,0.03727181,0.9587362,0.001062072,0.0001110101,0.0001526692],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982597,0.001015935,0.0001241925,0.0001570956,0.00006561409,0.0002540248,0.00001986013,0.00004003545,0.0000635158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979718,0.001298984,0.0006208282,0.00002051086,0.00002640777,0.00000647007,0.000006795429,0.0000222894,0.00002596114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03723057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5633726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736668271","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.034","title":"Sliding-strip microfluidic device enables ELISA on paper","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Materials Research; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Government of Canada; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Microfluidics; Chromatography; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Mohit S. Verma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria‐Nefeli Tsaloglou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tyler A. Sisley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dionysios C. Christodouleas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Austin Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Milette","is_ca":false},{"name":"George M. Whitesides","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01376286976183052,"gpt":0.2237144435873086,"spread":0.2099515738254781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001136328,0.0002240457,0.0001989326,0.00006535736,0.0004209096,0.0002302437,0.0001590308,0.0001853576,0.0000264438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004411805,0.0001860281,0.0000769419,0.00006288647,0.00007194313,0.0001220945,0.00003196083,0.0002410544,0.00005689916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006127673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001307839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003295515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002677503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989698,0.00001479561,0.0001743039,0.0002629065,0.0001267557,0.0004514744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994196,0.00003121996,0.00004397467,0.000358317,0.00002945842,0.0001174224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004874776,0.00006269099,0.0003780131,0.0001043395,0.0001203163,0.00001992686,0.00003740406,0.00003317185,0.9348431,0.007117719,0.01084579,0.04638878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007634519,0.000465138,0.004997053,0.00009554911,0.0000814494,0.00003402391,0.00005528868,0.009777183,0.6094331,0.0006684135,0.3728684,0.0007610584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890919,0.005034043,0.00007103101,0.0008412762,0.0003074343,0.0001299454,0.00002037341,0.0002217268,0.00428221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989675,0.009309608,0.00006374792,0.0002007918,0.0002169137,0.000003056083,0.000004334106,0.00003235079,0.000494199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3620225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7586005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970140235","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.045","title":"Impedance based detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 using a ferrocene-antimicrobial peptide modified biosensor","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; The Scarborough Hospital","funders":"University of Toronto Scarborough; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Biosensor; Ferrocene; Antimicrobial; Dielectric spectroscopy; Peptide; Microbiology; Electrical impedance; Chemistry; Chromatography; Combinatorial chemistry; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Biochemistry; Biology; Electrode; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yongxin Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rouzbeh Afrasiabi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farkhondeh Fathi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nan Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cuili Xiang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ryan J. Love","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhe She","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heinz‐Bernhard Kraatz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01048418677189837,"gpt":0.2460299567685647,"spread":0.2355457699966663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003049341,0.0003263106,0.0003731861,0.0001432054,0.0001779332,0.00003088494,0.0001446419,0.0003306128,5.254466e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001037531,0.000292883,0.0002209435,0.0002803319,0.0002400971,0.000007003361,0.00006910049,0.0001482299,6.647233e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004149203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009556387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000408854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009340722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982094,0.0001317399,0.0004081664,0.0005998496,0.0001669575,0.0004838668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989676,0.00002311936,0.0002941891,0.0004213985,0.0001908489,0.0001028749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002230259,0.00006830275,0.0001275179,0.00003929585,0.00005089233,0.000001009506,0.000005756574,0.0000917527,0.9955289,0.00005436826,0.00002923547,0.003779935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005862962,0.0007138735,0.0002534995,0.00003348802,0.0001049373,0.00003352969,0.00001647956,0.01868625,0.977304,0.0000385838,0.001845711,0.0003833062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885579,0.0003580818,0.0105973,0.00006698813,0.00006087704,0.0002035516,0.00004374249,0.00005347323,0.00005809424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928115,0.000430052,0.006197488,0.0002280659,0.0001688958,0.000003357207,0.00005132683,0.00004048187,0.00006883047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0185945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2696272754","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.026","title":"Microfluidic platform integrated with graphene-gold nano-composite aptasensor for one-step detection of norovirus","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Norovirus; Aptamer; Detection limit; Nanotechnology; Microfluidics; Graphene; Materials science; Electrode; Chromatography; Chemistry; Virology; Virus; Molecular biology","authors":[{"name":"Rohit Chand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Suresh Neethirajan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03033237784576431,"gpt":0.2871229544573366,"spread":0.2567905766115723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002490305,0.0001974303,0.0004746726,0.0001389956,0.0002280706,0.00003681735,0.0001210835,0.000151003,0.000005000361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001456592,0.0001423998,0.0001188587,0.00007262381,0.0003763743,0.00008248571,0.00003777186,0.0002079428,0.000001827048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005816996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007000397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005246321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005044086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986443,0.00003243747,0.0002918617,0.0003205686,0.0001399258,0.0005709019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990563,0.00003000721,0.0002027384,0.0003509035,0.0001837427,0.0001763248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004179247,0.0001094272,0.006455981,0.0001368092,0.0001758779,0.000008838842,0.00001194609,1.720595e-7,0.9593169,0.00009284801,0.0004217271,0.02909023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005683939,0.01408547,0.01679753,0.0002486998,0.0001978401,0.0002775673,0.00009606621,0.001068378,0.9415979,0.0001024879,0.01957439,0.0002697871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995028,0.002002458,0.00154515,0.0006019191,0.00005442967,0.0005643885,0.0001099019,0.00002915715,0.0000646331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918481,0.005857239,0.001761644,0.0001375151,0.00008051067,0.00002132086,0.00006184076,0.00002485315,0.0002069789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02882044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5806894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810469976","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.042","title":"Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance glucose sensor enhanced with phenylboronic acid modified Au nanoparticles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Surface plasmon resonance; Biosensor; Phenylboronic acid; Chemistry; Monolayer; Colloidal gold; Nanoparticle; Biomolecule; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Biochemistry; Catalysis","authors":[{"name":"Huizhen Yuan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Ji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shuwen Chu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siyu Qian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fang Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Masson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiuyou Han","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Peng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01060681079508689,"gpt":0.2181567943612046,"spread":0.2075499835661177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002474305,0.0003990908,0.0003697945,0.00007431475,0.0002804565,0.00009712019,0.0002171174,0.0002099167,0.00005128685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003160341,0.0003262379,0.0000567107,0.0004120628,0.000389596,0.0001609044,0.00005643352,0.0003645083,0.0001706233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002638914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001825569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006068744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004451633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974732,0.0000583929,0.0002984627,0.0005062973,0.000372576,0.0012911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990708,0.0001173517,0.00004959248,0.00039338,0.0001110148,0.0002578993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005585707,0.00008445082,0.0002357471,0.00009503122,0.0001384272,0.00003457099,0.0005242506,0.005627796,0.9845429,0.0007093473,0.0004148455,0.007034083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009561531,0.0008518536,0.0003842402,0.0000521391,0.00002840566,0.00003731868,0.000117524,0.1395254,0.8519368,0.00004124398,0.005576609,0.0004922496],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938406,0.00358243,0.0001209555,0.0001515245,0.00009233114,0.0003001303,0.00003584833,0.0003183564,0.001557804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931561,0.001401728,0.004414211,0.00002539117,0.0000375197,0.00001152521,0.000009654525,0.00006944188,0.0008744558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1338976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967639058","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.008","title":"Electrochemical immunosensor for the milk allergen β-lactoglobulin based on electrografting of organic film on graphene modified screen-printed carbon electrodes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Graphene; Electrochemistry; Differential pulse voltammetry; Surface modification; Detection limit; Electrode; Cyclic voltammetry; Materials science; Passivation; Aqueous solution; Chemistry; Chromatography; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry; Layer (electronics)","authors":[{"name":"Shimaa Eissa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chaker Tlili","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lamia L’Hocine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammed Zourob","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0104114348167005,"gpt":0.2521923483039362,"spread":0.2417809134872357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004727831,0.0004482768,0.0003982414,0.0001385204,0.0002209886,0.00002671097,0.000271143,0.0003485002,0.000001882763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002309277,0.0003159321,0.00031179,0.0003744696,0.0001942767,0.000005030216,0.00005184776,0.0003107632,4.721662e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005853179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008862621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000166471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003636698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976416,0.0001111255,0.0004314217,0.0005635474,0.0002652824,0.0009870741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986666,0.0001700544,0.0002608827,0.0005934015,0.0001839782,0.0001251007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001256187,0.0002468784,0.0004075914,0.00001607034,0.0002262291,2.524851e-7,0.000009537063,0.00001696404,0.9959759,0.0003549083,0.000125299,0.001364213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007097581,0.002628585,0.0002864345,0.00002534153,0.0001474037,0.00001037598,0.0000296511,0.004204924,0.9893372,0.00006895696,0.00214824,0.0004031081],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992444,0.002561183,0.003621897,0.0004792865,0.0000488448,0.0005920916,0.00002852771,0.00007446458,0.0001496985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953689,0.001403447,0.002177032,0.0004327397,0.0002674298,0.00003008293,0.0001701404,0.00006306739,0.00008717543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006638648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012832512","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.058","title":"Improved detection limits of protein optical fiber biosensors coated with gold nanoparticles","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Biosensor; Colloidal gold; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Surface plasmon resonance; Nanotechnology; Optical fiber; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Sandrine Lépinay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alyssa Staff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anatoli Ianoul","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacques Albert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006662674917911936,"gpt":0.1891826376641614,"spread":0.1825199627462494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006759739,0.000299278,0.0003044995,0.0001112046,0.00005095738,0.00004135913,0.00009043742,0.0001900197,0.00002615891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003366641,0.0002387215,0.00004951782,0.0003605954,0.0001879029,0.0001582036,0.0000186387,0.0002350739,0.00003302569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007038719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002087596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003297101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004369135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985895,0.00002381479,0.0003330041,0.0003030154,0.0001668555,0.0005837939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993371,0.00005429129,0.00007286126,0.0002577303,0.0001251855,0.0001528648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000509154,0.00003355672,0.00001885509,0.00005488896,0.00005971136,0.000002317133,0.00004291624,0.000350912,0.9835621,0.0001290935,0.00002260447,0.01567218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005893874,0.0007278997,0.0003061453,0.00003639106,0.00003533634,0.00003490701,0.00009212433,0.0277282,0.9692041,0.00004509828,0.000857891,0.0003425251],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980298,0.0004636634,0.0001198679,0.00008195541,0.00004161782,0.0006654382,0.000006749165,0.0002791586,0.0003117824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946066,0.000125213,0.004740723,0.00001446831,0.00003801793,0.00004083238,0.000003910574,0.00006689908,0.0003633803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02737729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9734778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092210401","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2020.112672","title":"Enhancing the performance of paper-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy nanobiosensors: An experimental approach","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dielectric spectroscopy; Electrical impedance; Materials science; Electrochemistry; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Electrode; Chromatography; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physical chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Xiao Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhen Qin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Fu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ted Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ran Peng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhijie Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"James M. Rini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xinyu Liu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008670264190138534,"gpt":0.2051346217241706,"spread":0.1964643575340321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001177923,0.0002773948,0.0002942968,0.00003851185,0.0001271282,0.00004267878,0.0001781331,0.0001528771,0.00001465564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001546381,0.0002031443,0.00009791526,0.0003255503,0.0001665671,0.000118403,0.0000222071,0.000349338,0.000004125446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005804541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003393163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004498324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002993948,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985781,0.00004061879,0.000334592,0.0003412824,0.0002083157,0.0004970641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994916,0.0000365762,0.00005806681,0.0002159941,0.0000346251,0.0001631773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007681727,0.00004974675,0.00003397007,0.00008342435,0.00002185746,5.574311e-7,0.0001157277,0.0002272618,0.9988237,0.0002340571,0.00002979538,0.0003030733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024767,0.0008354433,0.00004757649,0.00001098725,0.0000209017,0.000008249795,0.0001307637,0.2280423,0.7700412,0.000005569231,0.0004004049,0.0002089913],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969436,0.001520839,0.0007324654,0.0002220085,0.00004187943,0.000181096,0.000006304185,0.0001743978,0.0001773988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975191,0.0003614359,0.001605369,0.0002639968,0.0001849264,0.000008094797,0.00001007056,0.00004030388,0.000006685215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2287826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8283986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106491070","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2008.11.031","title":"Biochip functionalization using electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidics for surface plasmon resonance imaging detection of DNA hybridization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Electrowetting; Biochip; Digital microfluidics; Microfluidics; Surface plasmon resonance; Nanotechnology; Biomolecule; Biosensor; Surface modification; Chemistry; Plasmon; Lab-on-a-chip; Protein Array Analysis; Hybridization probe; Materials science; Dielectric; DNA microarray; Optoelectronics; DNA; Nanoparticle","authors":[{"name":"Lidija Malic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Teodor Veres","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maryam Tabrizian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009945068716696651,"gpt":0.1953618618845993,"spread":0.1854167931679027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000127131,0.0002580376,0.0002324623,0.0002230484,0.000274525,0.0000353947,0.0000941935,0.0001461057,6.886003e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009369953,0.0002680348,0.00007914825,0.0005686526,0.0001049914,0.0001416072,0.00001556326,0.0001808331,0.000001039059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006607999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007100565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001428532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986741,0.00001689974,0.0003334931,0.0003207315,0.0001497234,0.0005050286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994674,0.00009310553,0.0001106899,0.0001645197,0.0001254368,0.00003887097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006846882,0.00002694025,0.000506158,0.00004496631,0.00002336567,0.000001097043,0.0000315521,0.0002789582,0.9832133,0.0002894907,0.0003516015,0.01516409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004149711,0.0003595121,0.0001367981,0.00003341827,0.00002436042,0.0001031607,0.00002240897,0.02571556,0.968621,0.000172539,0.004116922,0.0002793152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9539154,0.01834216,0.02680269,0.00004960575,0.0001166992,0.0002738241,0.00003317465,0.0004291883,0.00003724884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950027,0.004315645,0.0004407483,0.00002456796,0.00006161792,0.000006319377,0.00004385478,0.00005770617,0.00004681661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04108731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080703615","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.082","title":"Miniature multi-channel SPR instrument for methotrexate monitoring in clinical samples","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut Mérieux","keywords":"Channel (broadcasting); Methotrexate; Chromatography; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Medicine; Materials science; Internal medicine; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Sandy Shuo Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natalia Bukar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacynthe L. Toulouse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Pelechacz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Robitaille","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joelle N. Pelletier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Masson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04213311973773811,"gpt":0.2901503179149201,"spread":0.248017198177182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002595126,0.0001401942,0.0001987567,0.00005459099,0.00005925284,0.00002798574,0.00007776828,0.0001499043,0.00000123328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004644175,0.0001233467,0.00006453173,0.00009559916,0.00003161733,0.00003192035,0.00001135353,0.0001700819,0.00000268672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003108402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001133645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001115849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000062148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991656,0.0000241415,0.0002487397,0.0002056263,0.00005075563,0.0003051653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995657,0.0001802595,0.00002852403,0.000138219,0.00001843835,0.00006888295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001995169,0.0009073013,0.05812871,0.0006403833,0.0005247957,0.000003157159,0.001831151,0.00450477,0.4333152,0.01475622,0.001089133,0.4840997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007629523,0.001179069,0.1423561,0.0002081424,0.0002125506,0.00003114824,0.000640772,0.2850242,0.1137831,0.005185304,0.4415822,0.002167937],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907765,0.001149251,0.007292023,0.0001674778,0.0001945925,0.0002530218,0.00002300814,0.0001022645,0.0000418053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850609,0.00150996,0.01305664,0.00003464345,0.0002224192,0.0000379433,0.00001176666,0.00002642273,0.00003926455],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4819317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5029935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026905706","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.001","title":"A paper-based microbial fuel cell: Instant battery for disposable diagnostic devices","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Binghamton University; Research Foundation for the State University of New York; University of Cincinnati","keywords":"Microbial fuel cell; Photoresist; Battery (electricity); Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Software portability; Polystyrene; Petrochemical; Materials science; Voltage; Nanotechnology; Membrane; Process engineering; Computer science; Chemistry; Electrode; Anode; Polymer; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Arwa Fraiwan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sayantika Mukherjee","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Sundermier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyung‐Sool Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seokheun Choi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004601136657866803,"gpt":0.1784457392454442,"spread":0.1738446025875774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001159142,0.0001879453,0.0001499266,0.00002776244,0.0001502521,0.0001015883,0.0001236374,0.0001115099,0.0007085416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002844614,0.0001460267,0.00006700009,0.0001300623,0.000109661,0.0001588346,0.00005076883,0.00008278944,0.0001829609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008994286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002574888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006159785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988279,0.00002660291,0.0002074119,0.0003502226,0.0001142342,0.0004735711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999505,0.0001439792,0.00008690089,0.0001420418,0.00001518893,0.0001069062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003404286,0.0001659683,0.008164135,0.0001380374,0.000007373718,0.000001279855,0.00005171604,0.00004874372,0.9765701,0.00003526514,0.01135519,0.003428139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002803201,0.001769831,0.02668709,0.00005799962,0.000120095,0.00001066375,0.0001180523,0.007418108,0.3317733,0.000581854,0.6273319,0.001327977],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962609,0.0007174063,0.0001044071,0.001285181,0.0001014927,0.0007331332,0.00004479752,0.00003582011,0.0007168629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963703,0.0005290819,0.001209293,0.001388847,0.00007214137,0.00003665603,0.00005816165,0.00001927782,0.0003163063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6447968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7758034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997624086","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.028","title":"Immobilization of bacteriophages on gold surfaces for the specific capture of pathogens","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Guelph; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Colloidal gold; Bacteriophage; Chemistry; Materials science; Escherichia coli; Nanoparticle; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Ashutosh Singh","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. Glass","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahmoud M. Tolba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lubov Brovko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mansel W. Griffiths","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stéphane Evoy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008665951126375157,"gpt":0.2012853805211172,"spread":0.1926194293947421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008500122,0.0001078698,0.0001530512,0.0000411807,0.00003208901,0.00001207161,0.00005200246,0.00009170891,0.000004136572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001075513,0.00007009968,0.000069887,0.000140396,0.00004578369,0.00002150753,0.000003269693,0.00007246544,4.809386e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001510179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005204914,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000292936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005976606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994695,0.000009752421,0.0001764597,0.0001101439,0.00007639573,0.0001577521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997022,0.00006818237,0.0000434014,0.0001185676,0.00004380065,0.0000238146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005378764,0.00003649286,0.00002617504,0.0000548889,0.00002994652,2.775649e-7,0.00006091762,0.001641405,0.9688951,0.00337957,0.0003167941,0.02550458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004905331,0.001420522,0.01124149,0.00005386541,0.00007373455,0.000005567799,0.0001673631,0.06430516,0.9097422,0.0005274267,0.01169832,0.0002738343],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952077,0.003608008,0.0004968229,0.0001988534,0.00008342226,0.0001938779,0.000051755,0.00003429719,0.0001252708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996337,0.00337757,0.0001331266,0.00002072043,0.00004264121,0.00000131525,0.00000577285,0.000009619642,0.00007225532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06266376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2858582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}