{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8f02b7183042","filters":{"venue":"Biotechnology"}},"results":[{"id":"W4255021203","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch048","title":"A Romance of the Three Kingdoms","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Bishop's University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Beijing; China; Cornerstone; High tech; Biopharmaceutical; Government (linguistics); Business; Cluster (spacecraft); Geography; Economic geography; Economic growth; International trade; Biotechnology; Economics; Biology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Petr Hanel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jie He","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jingyan Fu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan Reid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jorge Niosi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01977868621359075,"gpt":0.1980338234713804,"spread":0.1782551372577896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001142636,0.0005308702,0.0004201657,0.001106254,0.005536918,0.009703284,0.0008014728,0.001460162,0.009968396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002021287,0.0002558434,0.0002551526,0.002097736,0.02137133,0.008195248,0.004547612,0.003225714,0.002699364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004590295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002714873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007914222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009657844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984244,0.000812867,0.00004638147,0.0002407126,0.0002330176,0.0002425915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999398,0.0001816005,0.00004599797,0.0001523414,0.00009493726,0.0001271598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001087535,0.000003337655,0.000145754,0.0000229538,0.000001261924,0.00003691097,0.006871064,0.00002651758,0.00005713558,0.972128,0.01087048,0.009825707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000572692,0.00001389009,0.0006100825,0.0001788117,0.000002270914,0.0001358016,0.006988997,0.0001238986,0.00007397863,0.1262294,0.8656283,0.000008906119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01366859,0.02987406,0.004504684,0.02086486,0.00202543,0.00003160032,0.00009934208,0.000094836,0.9288366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6539577,0.01597987,0.006269939,0.006924472,0.001030119,0.0001344769,0.0001819867,0.0002749284,0.3152465],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009968396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03334761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231602287","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch071","title":"Is China Catching Up?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"China; Biosimilar; License; Business; Production (economics); Industrial organization; Biotechnology; International trade; Commerce; Economics; Political science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Petr Hanel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01342961559799288,"gpt":0.2432566338735821,"spread":0.2298270182755892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003197457,0.0005073117,0.0003310879,0.001149649,0.002195429,0.003429084,0.0004356538,0.001118724,0.02855985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003074958,0.0001391745,0.0002728004,0.00258501,0.001249654,0.003755046,0.001315369,0.00143601,0.004700337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003211185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004773611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01066691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02225951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998133,0.00002312755,0.000007218679,0.00003509747,0.00006104651,0.00006029003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999174,0.00001651649,0.000007930954,0.000006695093,0.00001659268,0.00003483568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005093404,0.00004753545,0.002149209,0.0006815991,0.00001680172,0.0008793632,0.003522631,0.000231621,0.0008358863,0.3097976,0.4937469,0.1880399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002924617,0.00001475929,0.001300372,0.00009353193,0.00000397628,0.0001197409,0.0006155377,0.00004901136,0.0001175858,0.005835311,0.9918422,0.000005064593],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01458703,0.09559803,0.0004006611,0.06860277,0.0123038,0.00003918511,0.0002967852,0.0002004636,0.8079712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07424567,0.06659979,0.0005877879,0.02631154,0.002779415,0.00004729889,0.0003974419,0.0000960769,0.828935],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02855985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09554213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230448450","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch073","title":"Is Collaboration Important at All Stages of the Biotechnology Product Development Process?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; New product development; Revenue; Production (economics); Product (mathematics); Business; Process (computing); Biotechnology; Diversity (politics); Industrial organization; Marketing; Economics; Accounting; Biology; Political science; Computer science; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Beaudry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03286034214615882,"gpt":0.2396082852679554,"spread":0.2067479431217966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008498215,0.0002499526,0.000537637,0.001513148,0.002886461,0.01023,0.0008576657,0.002133816,0.008669676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02283678,0.0003309421,0.0005118052,0.005301264,0.003255185,0.01032585,0.003918976,0.001783759,0.002412627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006737056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01706355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02804248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03863068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9862786,0.00501175,0.0006901831,0.001072363,0.003054184,0.003892993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9526159,0.01940535,0.01529325,0.00204624,0.003277035,0.007362297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003488152,0.0003937657,0.3562973,0.0008067717,0.0001395202,0.001185476,0.01609615,0.003613525,0.001643949,0.2144596,0.04550287,0.3595122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007168116,0.000372342,0.4413859,0.00104691,0.0001409899,0.001740242,0.03242118,0.002327635,0.00248883,0.1450578,0.3728298,0.0001167212],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.3412184,0.02424626,0.01812893,0.09357221,0.0003265148,0.0001855615,0.001583051,0.0002533088,0.5204858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625858,0.009784923,0.003575099,0.002609954,0.0002202851,0.00006244041,0.0006271878,0.000057203,0.02047703],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02804248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05575848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211018852","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch009","title":"Subspace Clustering of DNA Microarray Data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Gene expression and cancer classification","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Biclustering; Identification (biology); Computer science; Data mining; Subspace topology; Microarray analysis techniques; Biological data; Computational biology; Bioinformatics; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Gene; Correlation clustering; Genetics; CURE data clustering algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Alain Tchagang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fazel Famili","is_ca":true},{"name":"Youlian Pan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02976231063334918,"gpt":0.2589947870781644,"spread":0.2292324764448153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007053831,0.0005774574,0.0007494418,0.001789484,0.0002667969,0.0008969534,0.0005707893,0.0003960757,0.002954086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001231538,0.0003057474,0.0006033818,0.003068667,0.0004645791,0.0007292573,0.0006443925,0.000809307,0.00267403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004664964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004752582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008719492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001155465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992954,0.0001574672,0.00003567966,0.0001705405,0.0003075531,0.00003326614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995933,0.0001737736,0.00002269659,0.00005412773,0.0001393823,0.00001675915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001092163,0.00003419455,0.0007193878,0.001189433,0.0001326961,0.0001449851,0.0002430108,0.05527258,0.04177132,0.06117894,0.0454228,0.7937814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001762927,0.000120481,0.003346491,0.0001856622,0.00004736586,0.000786838,0.0002273933,0.5020019,0.03203434,0.1963127,0.2647776,0.0001415555],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00440273,0.007561894,0.9769807,0.0004874883,0.0002844281,0.00006686119,0.001359873,0.001348297,0.007507724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06592707,0.01580162,0.886722,0.0004803221,0.0003941456,0.0003295137,0.00692909,0.0004039741,0.02301235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002954086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00988245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230954898","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch062","title":"Collaboration, Innovation, and Funding as Survival Factors for Canadian Biotechnology SMEs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Product (mathematics); Position (finance); Production (economics); New product development; Industrial organization; Intellectual property; Hazard; Process (computing); Biotechnology; Accounting; Marketing; Finance; Economics; Political science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Beaudry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joël Levasseur","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04243163707683269,"gpt":0.2343143439252507,"spread":0.191882706848418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001945909,0.0002537588,0.0003307674,0.002393952,0.002254897,0.002489931,0.0005525626,0.0007365114,0.004300792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0135826,0.00008514361,0.0005890271,0.00442022,0.001461319,0.001150201,0.001407527,0.0008288682,0.0002394571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01219849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02056729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7493687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8402168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989687,0.0001503894,0.00004584922,0.00006907614,0.0003170915,0.000448899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9882317,0.00449474,0.002988597,0.0002140637,0.001972659,0.002098144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001727413,0.00006456643,0.8997772,0.0001282872,0.00007041273,0.000569649,0.005531842,0.004669821,0.0002741427,0.01789764,0.003967552,0.06687628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001500999,0.0001148116,0.9594184,0.0002321939,0.0001138078,0.0003355127,0.011324,0.00648012,0.0002717153,0.007661458,0.01397964,0.00005336382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.972499,0.004859548,0.00101991,0.00283248,0.0000289709,0.0000310053,0.0009578166,0.00002502046,0.01774625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952751,0.001311499,0.0002171313,0.00005486056,0.00001969572,0.00001005783,0.0003168967,0.000005060042,0.002789601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2506313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5042146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246749501","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch074","title":"What Influences the Growth of Canadian Biotechnology Firms?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; Business; Product (mathematics); New product development; Industrial organization; Biotechnology; Marketing; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Beaudry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joël Levasseur","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0299240676646605,"gpt":0.1981444128311214,"spread":0.1682203451664609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001565166,0.0004402964,0.0004049006,0.004196878,0.004014226,0.005773033,0.001027215,0.0008126671,0.006340264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01138905,0.0002065495,0.0004881111,0.01094452,0.001808985,0.002218853,0.001296269,0.001343434,0.0007880158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06269182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07111561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9896569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9919012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975156,0.0001407353,0.00005002279,0.0001869428,0.001055933,0.001050742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919207,0.001092393,0.001178544,0.0001740446,0.003976093,0.001658134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002718828,0.00009917135,0.7209856,0.0003701224,0.0001384442,0.0008857796,0.006820427,0.005052585,0.0009467315,0.05398323,0.06136895,0.1490771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001596822,0.00003088464,0.8777031,0.0002487414,0.00006810779,0.000187848,0.009135201,0.002369948,0.0004865131,0.004354949,0.1053197,0.00007913249],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6845156,0.01954525,0.0008936747,0.04483133,0.0003063591,0.00007609852,0.01151474,0.0001846997,0.2381323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743037,0.00932251,0.0003719,0.0008237006,0.00009454789,0.00001322937,0.002570633,0.00004067335,0.01245914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06269182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4548631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250603506","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch003","title":"Bioinformatics","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biotechnology","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Political science; Latin Americans; Data science; Biology; Biotechnology; Computer science; Economic growth; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Jorge Niosi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01554387657666277,"gpt":0.2510502464246959,"spread":0.2355063698480331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003710992,0.001452297,0.001642591,0.002993431,0.00161589,0.006274985,0.003822431,0.002030701,0.1942013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01362535,0.0007192289,0.001604771,0.004548777,0.0007324388,0.00358656,0.00345206,0.002998658,0.2485545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001331867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003121487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001990641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00220768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963812,0.00106743,0.0003275758,0.0008267189,0.001180674,0.0002164193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942169,0.002032873,0.0002809034,0.001321729,0.001755442,0.000392183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001651459,0.00004375443,0.0006426988,0.001140491,0.00008738323,0.0001322155,0.0001561432,0.001305919,0.001448609,0.01878924,0.7713258,0.2047625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003294593,0.00002212932,0.0003644007,0.0001758775,0.00002010559,0.0002129007,0.00005131157,0.002389045,0.0008516818,0.02614335,0.9697157,0.00002068786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002589252,0.01326121,0.3482134,0.01538498,0.004677209,0.001283092,0.2121841,0.1292669,0.27314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02295504,0.01305307,0.3759454,0.01169947,0.002229516,0.002271586,0.3980892,0.02009535,0.1536615],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1942013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.649668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}