{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":17,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":17,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b7fcb527b763","filters":{"venue":"Bird Study"}},"results":[{"id":"W2002306158","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2011.636798","title":"Wintering areas of Great Skuas<i>Stercorarius skua</i>breeding in Scotland, Iceland and Norway","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; University of Glasgow; Scottish Natural Heritage","keywords":"Shetland; Geolocation; Geography; Breed; Ecology; Fishery; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ellen Magnúsdóttir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eliza H. K. Leat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sophie Bourgeon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hallvard Strøm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aevar Petersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard A. Phillips","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sveinn Are Hanssen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Ove Bustnes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Páll Hersteinsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert W. Furness","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03047969112735378,"gpt":0.2315355820906978,"spread":0.201055890963344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001711305,0.000103031,0.0001678914,0.0000449526,0.00005136979,0.000006438629,0.0001294065,0.00003516458,0.0007942304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009385521,0.00008773628,0.00001887206,0.0001074672,0.0001180566,0.0001348177,0.0002205964,0.00008997253,0.0001255335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002951896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002623121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001233379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01223997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992781,0.00003603031,0.0001839482,0.0002300147,0.00009402761,0.0001778793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997385,0.00001827072,0.00005370423,0.0001351061,0.000003040036,0.00005134182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004752081,0.0003053118,0.9925731,0.000003670664,0.000005896184,0.0001052489,0.004151614,6.779282e-7,0.000739317,8.123315e-7,0.00001714844,0.002049683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006663532,0.0004724489,0.9972561,0.00001333032,0.00002084977,0.00001991439,0.00104488,0.000006226197,0.0003613658,0.00001884342,0.00002132922,0.00009837278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953924,0.00002078419,0.000009524425,0.0000073308,0.00008698017,0.0002474884,0.000001316219,0.00001711826,0.004217059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996086,0.000004397072,0.00009931041,0.00001801655,0.000009145089,0.00001403684,1.926444e-7,0.00001111466,0.0002351636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01100659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8696266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965371168","doi":"10.1080/00063650903013221","title":"Avian brood parasitism in a Mediterranean region: hosts and habitat preferences of Common Cuckoos<i>Cuculus canorus</i>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Brood parasite; Warbler; Biology; Parasitism; Ecology; Habitat; Nest (protein structural motif); Cuckoo; Host (biology); Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Daniela Campobello","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spencer G. Sealy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02038280149700238,"gpt":0.2643083625055937,"spread":0.2439255610085913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001541733,0.0001295622,0.0002351789,0.00004099961,0.00008151133,0.000009215214,0.0001818541,0.00007495917,0.00008583955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001111296,0.0001124157,0.00002273367,0.0001725169,0.0001930835,0.0001290403,0.00007343169,0.000130384,0.00003636324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004109049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007618316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008170796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04551907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989594,0.0001182689,0.0002396673,0.0002808342,0.0001786498,0.0002231621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999608,0.00003562858,0.00007961175,0.0001955334,0.000003785299,0.00007740015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002777862,0.0008105193,0.9746149,0.000002021185,0.000003683618,0.00009828097,0.003736318,0.000001671474,0.000151618,0.000002488962,0.0002232112,0.02032756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007550598,0.001143557,0.9965147,0.00001558146,0.00002137347,0.00002101508,0.001026067,0.000004295535,0.000108568,0.0002210836,0.00004253656,0.000126115],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979214,0.00008233288,0.00000231876,0.000338568,0.00007279163,0.0004482351,0.000002482449,0.00003103061,0.001100853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996523,0.0000152265,0.00004327977,0.0001433035,0.00001350793,0.00002085911,0.000001236006,0.00000701471,0.000103276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04470199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9718977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977409130","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2015.1017800","title":"Diving behaviour of benthic feeding Black Guillemots","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Japan Student Services Organization","keywords":"Benthic zone; Foraging; Biology; Allometry; Fishery; Oceanography; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Akiko Shoji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kyle H. Elliott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julian G. Greenwood","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. G. McClean","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerry Leonard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris M. Perrins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Annette L. Fayet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Guilford","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04044752341036694,"gpt":0.2787848219181864,"spread":0.2383372985078194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003968548,0.00009001342,0.0001365064,0.00002521552,0.00007275677,0.000007032838,0.0002226996,0.00005270502,0.0006524549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005501257,0.00007996694,0.00003136632,0.0001356768,0.0001403491,0.00009751396,0.0003236761,0.00009524036,0.0006323011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007331664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007863836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000215236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008064539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991233,0.00005257618,0.0001843923,0.0002027005,0.0002473097,0.0001896578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996088,0.00001896193,0.00007480881,0.00019394,0.000009827799,0.00009369991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006505916,0.0005641656,0.9948381,8.453403e-7,0.000004877106,0.00001206128,0.002854494,0.00002157535,0.000205581,0.000002589931,0.0006792573,0.0008099986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004356618,0.0003473642,0.9951035,0.000003381106,0.00003912343,0.000002094833,0.003718282,0.00001174456,0.0001718953,0.00002764312,0.0000490666,0.00009018222],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996614,0.000008965266,0.00001601892,0.00005596102,0.000163659,0.0002568481,0.000001674101,0.00005003671,0.002832815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999157,6.252112e-7,0.0001436222,0.00002511927,0.00002101282,0.000009169769,4.138136e-7,0.00001343042,0.0006296459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002542939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8127163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971707783","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2019.1655527","title":"A review of the threats to adult survival for swallows (Family: Hirundinidae)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Acadia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Purple Martin Conservation Association","keywords":"Hirundo; Biology; Population; Insectivore; Ecology; Habitat; Predation; Survivorship curve; Geography; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Tara L. Imlay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marty L. Leonard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1049033925254401,"gpt":0.3781552174939649,"spread":0.2732518249685248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006401638,0.000339791,0.001524097,0.00002789059,0.0001116489,0.000006974894,0.0009687208,0.0001635647,0.000408109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001201147,0.0001960354,0.0005707964,0.0003846326,0.00008177611,0.00003575878,0.0005802771,0.0002004917,0.002099965],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001512459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006512208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004639564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004120225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979668,0.0002783434,0.0006181505,0.0005379468,0.0002932891,0.0003054909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984914,0.0001758869,0.000350811,0.0008891192,0.00002146956,0.00007131205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009029404,0.001073698,0.07097132,0.02350837,0.0001197536,0.000002101635,0.0001197026,2.068788e-7,4.809844e-7,0.000009437507,0.0136604,0.8905255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002223002,0.0004298361,0.04611655,0.01545187,0.001759136,0.000002313305,0.00005236259,5.731807e-8,1.187971e-7,0.000006175435,0.9356704,0.0002889002],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004527007,0.9879867,0.000005478402,0.00004977775,0.0008723842,0.009484181,0.00005328733,0.00003071945,0.001064726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00008317285,0.9952367,0.00005897008,0.0005573793,0.00005962581,0.0009925554,0.000004709229,0.00005688356,0.002950023],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.92201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977123593","doi":"10.1080/00063650709461494","title":"Population size and differential population growth of introduced Greater Canada Geese<i>Branta canadensis</i>and re-established Greylag Geese<i>Anser anser</i>across habitats in Great Britain in the year 2000","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Goose; Branta; Habitat; Geography; Population; Ecology; Fishery; Biology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Graham E. Austin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark M. Rehfisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Allan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve J. Holloway","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007276507723046873,"gpt":0.2197168728944916,"spread":0.2124403651714448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009123149,0.0001786388,0.0002649744,0.00006416345,0.0001495826,0.00003730835,0.0001553675,0.00009798458,0.00007225117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001731271,0.0001494076,0.00001894647,0.0004161709,0.00008883741,0.0002656565,0.00009223089,0.000179359,0.000001792287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002668243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003183477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9225887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9956799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981304,0.0002698944,0.0004561955,0.0004121719,0.0003631284,0.0003681749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993745,0.0002006704,0.0001154608,0.000228969,0.00001795376,0.00006245332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001750257,0.00009625968,0.9953149,0.000009034266,0.000009302124,0.00002756689,0.003551774,0.00002008637,0.0001552788,0.000007783131,0.0002895034,0.0003435011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001263971,0.0001049932,0.996767,0.00001042995,0.00001879831,0.000005977317,0.001458583,0.00007485197,0.00002418299,0.0001031691,0.00001070371,0.0001573107],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982534,0.00001778048,0.000003263211,0.000865388,0.0001210357,0.000666964,0.00001209757,0.00001320226,0.00004685818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994609,0.00000361136,0.00002626662,0.0003447577,0.00003971278,0.00001875077,0.00001478349,0.00001706637,0.00007416115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07309117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6092665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098367275","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2015.1049511","title":"Nesting habitat requirements of two species of North African woodpeckers in native oak forest","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Woodpecker; Snag; Foraging; Habitat; Ecology; Geography; Nesting (process); Nest (protein structural motif); Biology","authors":[{"name":"Moez Touihri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc‐André Villard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Faouzia Charfi‐Cheikhrouha","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06134416882660354,"gpt":0.2793640820266682,"spread":0.2180199132000647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032934,0.00006522138,0.0001327865,0.00004231559,0.00003004283,0.000002418873,0.000131489,0.00001388911,0.00002634045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001592312,0.00006052045,0.00001544315,0.0003283732,0.0001407431,0.0001276601,0.0001162202,0.00004727459,0.00002631812],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008755932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001759326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001434054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06178762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992192,0.0000802389,0.0002289407,0.0001387557,0.0002140752,0.0001187569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996383,0.00006183602,0.0001397883,0.0001125321,0.00001494251,0.00003255799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002992179,0.0003169121,0.9950756,0.000001821611,0.000009059228,0.000003423079,0.003477462,0.0005980961,0.00002997753,0.00005025198,0.0001935464,0.0002138967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007265763,0.0003476617,0.9947319,0.00000541274,0.000007801497,2.155907e-7,0.003712743,0.0001424659,0.00002200041,0.0002180144,0.0000305035,0.00005467495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953502,0.00000405837,0.00001040502,0.0001204272,0.00005723294,0.000275372,0.000001707107,0.00001151733,0.004169047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996506,4.310379e-7,0.0001908297,0.00004369617,0.00000892947,0.00001626116,0.000001018433,0.000005546387,0.00008269143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06035356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9553323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040649246","doi":"10.1080/00063650209461244","title":"An approach to the assessment of change in the numbers of Canada Geese<i>Branta canadensis</i>and Greylag Geese<i>Anser anser</i>in southern Britain","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology","keywords":"Branta; Geography; Goose; Population; Habitat; Land cover; Waterfowl; Fishery; Ecology; Biology; Land use; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Mark M. Rehfisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Graham E. Austin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve J. Holloway","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Allan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark O’Connell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05627976603601394,"gpt":0.2587529814114917,"spread":0.2024732153754777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003794914,0.0001062216,0.0002070855,0.00001320661,0.00009031474,0.00001212784,0.0003274526,0.00003718701,0.00005171626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001165308,0.00003607001,0.00002689821,0.0003728007,0.0000491537,0.000031604,0.00003825353,0.0001120357,8.750303e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002250374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001326995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8545605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9807779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998742,0.0003633208,0.0002175666,0.000217929,0.0002372629,0.0002219146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996366,0.0001227659,0.00005843604,0.0000929219,0.00003269958,0.0000565751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006700695,0.002092764,0.9590505,0.00001967495,0.00002692866,0.00001312458,0.02417032,0.00002118415,0.007155852,0.0002233516,0.002426093,0.004733173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002227097,0.0003951995,0.9621301,0.00000786819,0.00000563697,0.000002198726,0.03608125,0.0002510808,0.000004431657,0.00001646607,0.000799339,0.00008375588],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955567,0.0000923577,2.221969e-7,0.003172895,0.00002160703,0.0006489938,0.00006181153,0.000005835268,0.0004395489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986363,0.00001434987,0.00001152913,0.00117871,0.00005528169,0.00006220518,0.000004814222,0.0000014842,0.00003530761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1262175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1470892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809091621","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2018.1481364","title":"Towards integrated population monitoring based on the fieldwork of volunteer ringers: productivity, survival and population change of Tawny Owls<i>Strix aluco</i>and Ural Owls<i>Strix uralensis</i>in Finland","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Vole; Population; Ringing; Predation; Demography; Biology; Ecology; Population decline; Geography; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Pertti Saurola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles M. Francis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04486154745311861,"gpt":0.2855298745637662,"spread":0.2406683271106476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005004723,0.000149996,0.0002539442,0.00005487137,0.0001571929,0.00001038203,0.00009026576,0.00007118978,0.00005519183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000119797,0.000104399,0.0000273877,0.0002575178,0.0001917704,0.0001281046,0.0001351992,0.000131959,0.000003790795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004774183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004023225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01064909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007007724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988903,0.0001582826,0.0002487329,0.0002956356,0.0002330929,0.0001739592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995398,0.000106506,0.0001365427,0.0001662879,0.00002499546,0.00002590275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001424767,0.0002231749,0.9943628,0.000006760965,0.00001138118,0.000001205778,0.001439277,0.00001186703,0.0004867894,0.000006624427,0.00002482123,0.003282812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004270072,0.0007749649,0.9965569,0.00003816842,0.00003935353,4.413154e-7,0.001024934,0.0002066266,0.0007945769,0.00002188976,0.000009728844,0.000105455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987819,0.00005131213,0.000007146487,0.0002427989,0.0002142214,0.0005841384,0.0000071813,0.0000170627,0.00009423139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997528,0.000008927256,0.00006259293,0.00001137692,0.00007948061,0.00003253968,0.000002405128,0.00001043013,0.00003949683],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003641366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220701700","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2021.2019188","title":"Large-scale citizen science survey of a common nocturnal raptor: urbanization and weather conditions influence the occupancy and detectability of the Tawny Owl<i>Strix aluco</i>","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Charitable Trust Fund for Ophthalmic Research in Commemoration of Santen Pharmaceutical's Founder; Lawson Health Research Institute; Harold Mitchell Foundation","keywords":"Occupancy; Geography; Dusk; Nocturnal; Urbanization; Citizen science; Habitat; Ecology; Physical geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Hugh J. Hanmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claire Boothby","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mike P. Toms","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. Noble","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dawn E. Balmer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01024744325619672,"gpt":0.2614770660633571,"spread":0.2512296228071604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008809614,0.00007782694,0.0001357003,0.0000137018,0.0004232347,0.00001608769,0.0002281179,0.00003619575,0.0001597548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001959199,0.00004791458,0.00001892196,0.0005351598,0.001294491,0.0001192163,0.0003687748,0.0001066953,0.00000344789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002689034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000435506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003523731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0104356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998893,0.0002992131,0.0002031036,0.0002310687,0.0002300655,0.0001435261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999325,0.0001521076,0.0001155588,0.0003138459,0.00005462912,0.00003884126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008319337,0.0002693043,0.988411,0.000002206633,0.000004297115,5.576491e-7,0.001750548,0.000007999352,0.009405233,0.000004225311,0.00001961115,0.0001166861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003315833,0.0000901283,0.9934425,0.000004845938,0.00003044368,0.000006536008,0.001034449,0.00002632987,0.004905544,0.00006300191,0.00001102753,0.00005366133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993495,0.00005373143,0.00002111751,0.00006248429,0.00004449605,0.0003386466,0.00005941555,0.000008325485,0.00006231952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998409,0.000005116352,0.0000267735,0.00006947487,0.000002808697,0.00001148602,8.441113e-7,0.000004895393,0.00003774821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01008323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5823309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069366442","doi":"10.1080/00063650902937321","title":"Population structure, biometrics and moult of migrant Purple Sandpipers<i>Calidris maritima</i>in southwest Iceland in spring","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Moulting; Geography; Ecology; Peninsula; Biology; Juvenile; Calidris; Biological dispersal; Fishery; Zoology; Habitat; Demography; Larva","authors":[{"name":"Ron W. Summers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gunnar Þór Hallgrímsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Aiton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Etheridge","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jacquie Heaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bob Swann","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009024095962428284,"gpt":0.2394095920254331,"spread":0.2303854960630048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001565974,0.00008722155,0.0001635923,0.0001638656,0.00003978191,0.000008458093,0.00007858019,0.00006757921,0.00007710236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002197032,0.00007848205,0.00001513115,0.0005584082,0.00004062228,0.00008741163,0.00004700881,0.00009135058,0.000006772682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004989221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001927072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03513476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992435,0.00004194223,0.0002133077,0.0002104644,0.0001312276,0.0001595698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999788,0.00001821343,0.00005192077,0.0001052021,0.000002461421,0.00003413699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000191358,0.0003431524,0.9921212,0.000002002271,0.000001404553,0.00002105149,0.0007771567,0.00004072658,0.00127871,0.000001208783,0.000004588451,0.005389715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008086697,0.0001939563,0.9983168,0.000004266097,0.00001125235,0.000002033202,0.0003868357,0.00003674454,0.00007539074,0.00006606516,0.00001133222,0.0000866576],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995291,0.00004924724,0.000008755615,0.00003428779,0.00003212142,0.0002949457,0.000006901927,0.00001239352,0.00003228366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996345,0.000004597789,0.0003004553,0.00002528605,0.000005626421,0.0000035194,0.000001835791,0.000005612997,0.00001854536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02816496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2430761673","doi":"10.1080/00063650309461315","title":"Ornithology and bird conservation in North America – a Canadian perspective","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ornithology; Geography; Indigenous; Wildlife; Population; Conservation biology; Ecology; Southern Hemisphere; Biology; Demography; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Fred Cooke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02253096882852252,"gpt":0.2471253882612109,"spread":0.2245944194326883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007463427,0.00006417462,0.00007868531,0.00004134423,0.00008386271,0.0000132741,0.00004594889,0.00002057185,0.005289903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006974732,0.00006192955,0.000008484528,0.0003504895,0.00009888359,0.00004453434,0.00002200117,0.00005279185,0.0006507181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005489023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001697942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3893413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9790046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994204,0.00006820609,0.0000768391,0.0001838929,0.00007498576,0.0001756976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997829,0.00001476694,0.00002136208,0.00008628122,0.000008098934,0.00008656904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003685704,0.00008943133,0.9959567,2.831314e-7,0.000002386058,0.00001742444,0.002937996,0.000001142319,0.00001396022,0.0002469145,0.0005764367,0.0001536558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002974336,0.00009772293,0.9359922,3.374714e-7,0.000003151346,0.000004008222,0.05328811,0.00000546752,0.000001957637,0.00003142718,0.01021004,0.0000681224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828932,0.00002627865,0.000002532053,0.0005551289,0.00003354351,0.0002275555,0.00001044493,0.0000320278,0.01621925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992565,0.00001553998,0.00001222458,0.0006150113,0.000002560522,0.00002646945,0.000001663565,0.000007887492,0.00006214141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5896633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403946623","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2024.2415161","title":"Seabird and sea duck mortalities were lower during the second breeding season in eastern Canada following the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5Nx viruses","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Cégep de Rivière-du-Loup; Université du Québec à Montréal; Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Prince Edward Island; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Seabird; Influenza A virus subtype H5N1; Biology; Seasonal breeder; Highly pathogenic; Zoology; Winter season; Fishery; Ecology; Virology; Virus; Predation","authors":[{"name":"Tabatha L. Cormier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tatsiana Barychka","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthieu Beaumont","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tori V. Burt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew D. English","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jolene A. Giacinti","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Giroux","is_ca":true},{"name":"Magella Guillemette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kathryn E. Hargan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Megan Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stéphane Lair","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew S. Lang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christine Lepage","is_ca":true},{"name":"William A. Montevecchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ishraq Rahman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Rail","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gregory J. Robertson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert A. Ronconi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yannick Seyer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liam U. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher R. E. Ward","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jordan Wight","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sabina I. Wilhelm","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie Avery‐Gomm","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01381582567781483,"gpt":0.2394759253599571,"spread":0.2256600996821422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003647133,0.0001402007,0.0001496862,0.00003032455,0.0002309953,0.00004770887,0.000175332,0.00004164187,0.000268641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001972009,0.00008946491,0.00004353178,0.0002140712,0.000121078,0.0002102015,0.0002022264,0.0002103788,0.00001825027],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001753555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004132345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06296137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8237387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988713,0.0001085717,0.0002305155,0.0003057209,0.0002466301,0.000237297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996332,0.0000601701,0.00004652536,0.0002176045,0.000004324258,0.00003816315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000179363,0.00005652185,0.9935127,0.00001817384,0.00003625996,0.00007190729,0.003292248,0.00003055712,0.002404668,0.000002273269,0.0001439415,0.0004128451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002175374,0.00008443022,0.9906847,0.00001488825,0.00005178125,0.00001305367,0.007600378,0.00003010524,0.000317515,0.000008388415,0.0008704553,0.0001067473],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983919,0.000296489,4.09964e-7,0.0003089238,0.0004758825,0.0004145777,0.00001247073,0.00003594942,0.00006338738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989207,0.000002658817,0.00000297203,0.0001140042,0.00009968262,0.00004036655,3.597575e-7,0.00002044984,0.000798739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7607774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9432784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385838583","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553","title":"Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Hazards Research Platform; Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast; U.S. Forest Service; Northern Ireland Environment Agency","keywords":"Bog; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Peat; Archaeology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Neil Reid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruth Kelly","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Ian Montgomery","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02122228833977023,"gpt":0.268695037266632,"spread":0.2474727489268618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006202257,0.0001792872,0.000359728,0.0001272797,0.0000977907,0.00002042262,0.0001642328,0.00004804845,0.00005444323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004491172,0.0001354048,0.00004178061,0.0003092363,0.0001139885,0.00007015264,0.0001451577,0.0000872126,0.00006511644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000742097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007819712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04796815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005866992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986813,0.0003348145,0.0002672229,0.0001945248,0.0003164544,0.0002057045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989663,0.0004633678,0.0001260664,0.0003610237,0.000007890587,0.00007534323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001155969,0.0003708037,0.9922484,0.0000370193,0.00007250013,0.000008883088,0.00319482,0.0001542773,0.001606477,0.000002599766,0.0005934658,0.001595189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007717891,0.004240945,0.98864,0.0001197905,0.00001711363,0.000004425165,0.00179625,0.003976701,0.0002764671,0.00001589701,0.00001336133,0.0001273262],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985425,0.00004971337,5.147763e-7,0.00001547661,0.00006091659,0.0007786314,0.00002985276,0.0001533578,0.0003690282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998518,0.00002782072,0.000003154339,0.000008611672,0.00001004083,0.00002909607,0.000002055506,0.00003727091,0.00003017969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04210116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9583715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388639250","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2264560","title":"Habitat and other environmental correlates of the decline of breeding Whinchats <i>Saxicola rubetra</i> in the UK since the mid-1990s","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Deer Lodge Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Pteridium aquilinum; Bracken; Woodland; Ecology; Habitat; Transect; Vegetation (pathology); Abundance (ecology); Geography; Biology; Fern","authors":[{"name":"Andrew J. Stanbury","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert W. Hawkes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emma L. Teuten","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irena Tománková","is_ca":false},{"name":"David J. T. Douglas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01552451112872496,"gpt":0.2288083925638511,"spread":0.2132838814351262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007840382,0.0001047923,0.0001203233,0.00002227947,0.0001421663,0.00001773507,0.0004417234,0.0000231311,0.00004167718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001904618,0.00004863245,0.00004311453,0.0003104317,0.0002607084,0.00004016264,0.0004925753,0.00009598726,0.00003436671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002007199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001885559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005618084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001849045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989306,0.0001148442,0.0002164691,0.0001805597,0.0003955274,0.0001619983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994261,0.000185234,0.00008953748,0.0002806908,9.174515e-7,0.00001751404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001081166,0.000186898,0.9920976,0.00000397047,0.00001320517,0.000002213548,0.004545587,0.0002143077,0.001144078,0.00002101918,0.0008207823,0.0009395058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004464761,0.0001318457,0.9901673,0.00001618104,0.00002231248,0.000001259688,0.007141693,0.0002260495,0.0001122334,0.0001087281,0.001562166,0.0000637487],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969771,0.0001017061,0.000002597389,0.001491734,0.0000816915,0.0006008998,0.000009336668,0.0000119824,0.0007229505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992182,0.00004172908,0.000006071079,0.0005589928,0.00001663995,0.00002433375,3.716659e-7,0.00001155296,0.0001220715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002596107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1983174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417399527","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2025.2596396","title":"Evaluation of the use of the Atlantic flyway in northern France and the Bay of Biscay by a reedbed specialist bird during the autumn migration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement","funders":"","keywords":"Flyway; Bay; Shore; Invertebrate","authors":[{"name":"Raphaël Musseau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Léna Collet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nere Zorrozua","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruno Bargain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubert Dugué","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascal Provost","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edorta Unamuno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Dehorter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe Fontanilles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre-Yves Henry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan Arizaga","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01704698437680421,"gpt":0.2450581821196423,"spread":0.2280111977428381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001075298,0.00007124979,0.0001261228,0.00001612714,0.0001685823,0.00000774321,0.0002722184,0.00003499159,0.0000365443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001586117,0.0000300961,0.00004271241,0.0003650865,0.0004931372,0.0000555565,0.0001681076,0.00009477647,0.00000341068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004644799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002049094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001860845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2024439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985595,0.0006063926,0.0002548873,0.0001349886,0.0003608994,0.00008334523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993163,0.0001320464,0.0001801782,0.0003424634,0.00002285973,0.000006130425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003526398,0.0001842691,0.9942665,0.000003873606,0.00001320684,9.329639e-8,0.002511262,0.0002221524,0.002189816,0.000005883491,0.0000417504,0.0005259034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009149989,0.00002586905,0.9970073,0.00001822115,0.0001108755,3.799803e-7,0.0005789488,0.0003200484,0.0009051454,0.00003993764,0.0000464352,0.00003184001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979698,0.00004815214,0.00000398178,0.0007178711,0.00009220058,0.001109283,0.000003976805,0.00000511333,0.00004958519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996119,0.000007513977,0.000003359134,0.00003191114,0.000006145567,0.00004244723,1.67289e-7,0.000005525787,0.000291095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2005831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8121094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2961596245","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2019.1637817","title":"Effect of grasshopper availability on the breeding success of the Grey Hypocolius <i>Hypocolius ampelinus</i>","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Grasshopper; Biology; Geography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Seyed Masoud Hosseini-Moosavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Mojtaba Amininasab","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles C.Y. Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahmoud‐Reza Hemami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reza Karimpour","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007777368195875282,"gpt":0.2370065813825373,"spread":0.229229213186662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001435019,0.0001461495,0.0002672443,0.00001883463,0.0002101739,0.000008029236,0.0004729615,0.00005125273,0.0003139565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002877668,0.00007372432,0.0001073226,0.0002793027,0.000343178,0.00006125958,0.0003787459,0.0001644546,0.0002572261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005781298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007817318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003102757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001696643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984529,0.00046058,0.0002889148,0.0002690368,0.0003392887,0.0001892736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982029,0.001073231,0.0001938668,0.0004847285,0.00002271675,0.00002252189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007319722,0.0002718134,0.9967055,0.0000187593,0.0000397035,3.361365e-7,0.0007285288,0.000414815,0.001050824,0.0001014789,0.0003182901,0.0002767696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005626826,0.001094041,0.9962009,0.00001163946,0.00004126293,5.538857e-7,0.0003377142,0.0002253057,0.001281094,0.00008740922,0.00007673946,0.0000807233],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900218,0.00001378557,0.000001998075,0.0002746344,0.0002924987,0.002222372,0.00000448776,0.00002051274,0.00714787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992469,0.000003208456,0.000004056736,0.0001196848,0.00001132947,0.0001217329,1.546418e-7,0.00001181471,0.0004811345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009225043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3437603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954397034","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2019.1633271","title":"Birds of Nunavut (two volume set)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bird Study","topic":"Geological Studies and Exploration","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Volume (thermodynamics); Geography; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Mike P. Toms","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02546572432732046,"gpt":0.2299825369988825,"spread":0.2045168126715621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001800541,0.00006973508,0.0001495146,0.00002254474,0.00006402734,0.000012169,0.0001084892,0.00002002141,0.002879544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001820848,0.00004717383,0.00003201878,0.0001500041,0.00002284665,0.00006763691,0.00001829302,0.00004656239,0.003339517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001319411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000699904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004940596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00819532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993342,0.00004256744,0.00014578,0.0001534023,0.0001768002,0.0001472507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997261,0.00003502531,0.00004857916,0.000123538,0.00003154486,0.00003521596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001909269,0.00004348677,0.9909154,0.000003539779,0.00001706883,0.000001594317,0.0005554123,0.0003472524,0.000006546328,0.00001161034,0.0003280004,0.007751022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003389517,0.0008466628,0.9921321,0.000001952164,0.000008954073,4.546339e-7,0.002205775,0.00174826,0.000005131928,0.0001419395,0.002501103,0.00006874224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926397,0.0002172265,0.00001011873,0.000133233,0.0002486217,0.0002661416,0.000006178154,0.00005042964,0.006428362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993098,0.00001392815,0.00005304643,0.00005148286,0.00004459939,0.000001203544,0.000004868984,0.000001920882,0.000519144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00768228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}