{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":11,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":11,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cdace0a8117e","filters":{"venue":"Birds"}},"results":[{"id":"W4407367279","doi":"10.3390/birds6010010","title":"Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidad Europea de Madrid","keywords":"Microplastics; Bioindicator; Ecology; Environmental science; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Lara Carrasco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eva Jiménez-Mora","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Jose Utrilla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Inés Téllez Pizarro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Rico-San Román","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bárbara Martín‐Maldonado","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006453311160451847,"gpt":0.2547974657465489,"spread":0.2483441545860971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002717495,0.0001363714,0.0001434971,0.0000676303,0.0001375453,0.00002576504,0.0002783563,0.00008263805,0.0008765396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000341586,0.00008727475,0.0001074678,0.0004726535,0.0002506981,0.00004334659,0.0001666987,0.0001237684,0.0004221634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001475685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008794578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001351262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007250196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990639,0.00004709154,0.0002585564,0.0001946267,0.0001882302,0.0002475884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992231,0.0002999323,0.000119837,0.0002837722,0.00001063061,0.0000627897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001318247,0.0002008057,0.1841034,0.00004553032,0.0001848128,0.000009106894,0.0004422804,0.004546963,0.7437797,0.003284036,0.05364497,0.009626577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001445429,0.0006862038,0.7266023,0.0004595486,0.0003718816,0.00006321373,0.0001660116,0.009856218,0.1920289,0.005350493,0.0621912,0.00077863],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821501,0.0001467351,0.008457583,0.0001804256,0.0004188466,0.000153519,0.00006557629,0.0000359064,0.008391265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985932,0.00004370205,0.0005587507,0.0001002112,0.0000333126,0.000003644208,0.000003537571,0.00001096964,0.0006526766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5517508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9597494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229025240","doi":"10.3390/birds3010008","title":"Illegal Wildlife Trade in Traditional Markets, on Instagram and Facebook: Raptors as a Case Study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada","funders":"Universitas Gadjah Mada; Oxford Brookes University","keywords":"Wildlife trade; Abundance (ecology); Wildlife; Enforcement; Predation; Business; Law enforcement; International trade; Ecology; Biology; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Vincent Nijman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Ardiansyah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdullah Langgeng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rifqi Hendrik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine Hedger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grace Foreman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thaís Q. Morcatty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Penthai Siriwat","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. van Balen","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Eaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris R. Shepherd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lalita Gomez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Muhammad Ali Imron","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. A. I. Nekaris","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05275802798108015,"gpt":0.2698412772462961,"spread":0.217083249265216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002708033,0.000101111,0.0001063031,0.00008536514,0.0002780938,0.00001436335,0.00009965264,0.0000299866,0.005411637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002768491,0.0001007747,0.0000299928,0.0001862619,0.0001277752,0.00008306892,0.00008663953,0.0002047758,0.0000567538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001000484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002328698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009778939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005910274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989511,0.0002233136,0.0001590849,0.0002646589,0.0002543544,0.0001474502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996973,0.00007700243,0.00003693835,0.000119206,0.000001041516,0.00006851422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002191571,0.001573486,0.9493741,0.000003231883,0.00004055661,0.003520414,0.004436028,0.0006282661,0.0001027917,0.0009421221,0.03000246,0.009157428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001405329,0.0005135033,0.9253788,0.000002218397,0.0000210399,0.001059699,0.01410001,0.0004880192,0.00001338025,0.0002148537,0.05659751,0.0002056652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916604,0.00001107864,0.000001725556,0.002321015,0.00007107132,0.0003358059,0.00001284212,0.00003310903,0.005552907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946845,0.000003704401,0.00002053532,0.004587112,0.00001207207,0.0001485579,0.00000498902,0.000008033746,0.000530464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02659505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392587568","doi":"10.3390/birds5010010","title":"Parrot Trade and the Potential Risk of Psittacosis as a Zoonotic Disease in Indonesian Bird Markets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Bird parasitology and diseases","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada","funders":"Royal Geographical Society; British Federation of Women Graduates; People's Trust for Endangered Species; Oxford Brookes University; Wildlife Conservation Society","keywords":"Psittacosis; Indonesian; Zoonotic disease; Disease; Virology; Biology; Medicine; Linguistics; Pathology","authors":[{"name":"A Abdullah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Ardiansyah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michela Balestri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Campera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica Chavez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tungga Dewi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna Fourage","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma Hankinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine Hedger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Boyd T.C. Leupen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sophie Manson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thaís Q. Morcatty","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. A. I. Nekaris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vincent Nijman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paula Evelyn Rubira Pereyra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erly Sintya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Magdalena S. Svensson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meng Xie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004934695717401688,"gpt":0.2343794933062496,"spread":0.2294447975888479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028472,0.0001413683,0.0002404363,0.000133235,0.00009751291,0.00001580285,0.0001381087,0.0001730097,0.000219862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001204497,0.00009392457,0.000122679,0.0001723213,0.0006559531,0.00005863654,0.00005212142,0.0002559909,0.0001635505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008514904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009835602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003671049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007161168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987071,0.0005528105,0.0002301944,0.0002564794,0.00003125494,0.0002222326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993715,0.0003263765,0.00005123502,0.0002037215,0.000007681787,0.00003946446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009209412,0.0004500246,0.9455946,0.000326692,0.0008361979,0.0003222482,0.0009099489,0.00002841996,0.006000646,0.01597427,0.003304946,0.01704259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002427683,0.00005639155,0.9901888,0.00008630847,0.0004383059,0.00005547931,0.0001478761,0.0001616696,0.0007124915,0.004229879,0.001347393,0.0001476552],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9654167,0.03169904,0.00003645255,0.001584527,0.0006179914,0.0002573908,0.00005698183,0.0001022131,0.0002287351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987869,0.0008151944,0.000006683665,0.000129483,0.00002790756,0.00004532217,0.000009021876,0.00001886273,0.0001605993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04459425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3830132,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200190395","doi":"10.3390/birds2040035","title":"Avian Use of Dairy Farm Ponds and Landowners’ Perceptions of Their Management for Wildlife Conservation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Riparian zone; Habitat; Wildlife; Geography; Species richness; Biodiversity; Wetland; Abundance (ecology); Agroforestry; Wildlife conservation; Human–wildlife conflict; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Luc Bélanger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles Maisonneuve","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Paul Rodrigue","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02138612908551712,"gpt":0.2438735555667764,"spread":0.2224874264812592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007062568,0.00003858992,0.00007444316,0.00001579094,0.00006078118,0.000003296972,0.00002655872,0.00002435159,0.00007157941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002015412,0.00003300335,0.00002332043,0.00006606631,0.0001145392,0.00004729369,0.00006018055,0.00001695368,0.000002672295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001253245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003432222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002863585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008924485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996905,0.00001667084,0.0001026491,0.00009147877,0.00004270078,0.00005602949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997873,0.00006768957,0.00004308414,0.00007459967,0.00001424912,0.00001309567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001400493,0.00006359036,0.9886765,0.0000386635,0.00004042376,6.399267e-7,0.0009831126,0.0001741967,0.003271437,0.003940762,0.0008594312,0.001937249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002948317,0.00003139814,0.9936532,0.000007650386,0.00002094631,0.000001078853,0.0008418997,0.002059483,0.0001511753,0.0007246188,0.002173959,0.00003977541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956194,0.0000184267,0.002012484,0.0008126021,0.00003577694,0.0001099695,0.0000275037,0.000007146412,0.00135671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949062,0.0001369234,0.003214132,0.000390495,0.00000363956,0.00001737819,0.00001596803,0.000003200321,0.001312032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004976694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1345838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311981260","doi":"10.3390/birds3040028","title":"Vision-Based Design and Deployment Criteria for Power Line Bird Diverters","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Achromatic lens; Computer science; Computer vision; Margin (machine learning); Artificial intelligence; Line (geometry); Power (physics); Simulation; Mathematics; Optics; Physics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Graham R. Martin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02314901227082096,"gpt":0.279484790578585,"spread":0.2563357783077641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002288626,0.00007134057,0.00007176296,0.00002030309,0.0002858115,0.00001021031,0.0001078882,0.00002703457,0.005050228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009690581,0.00006512519,0.00002764751,0.00006039111,0.00008484463,0.00004743199,0.0001471031,0.00005098158,0.00006755204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007960785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008480905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001484672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001136209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993905,0.00005833003,0.00008559459,0.0001980938,0.0001083315,0.0001591778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997475,0.00006420881,0.00002666347,0.0001040992,0.000002352193,0.00005517567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000534134,0.0008757173,0.8520652,0.000009582656,0.00001621102,0.00004961341,0.0005516119,0.002423797,0.05863922,0.00001911397,0.05614256,0.02867322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001916826,0.003367872,0.9516871,0.000004566585,0.00005707668,0.0000128802,0.0001539824,0.009582139,0.005113389,0.0002879259,0.02743877,0.0003774957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.971036,0.00002510972,0.02675716,0.001202255,0.0002946676,0.0005110867,0.00002110495,0.0000977034,0.00005493779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930342,0.000001014986,0.005165936,0.001284923,0.000007923843,0.0001629949,0.000002680804,0.00001729978,0.00032298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09962186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210688641","doi":"10.3390/birds3010006","title":"Cathemeral Behavior of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) Breeding along Michigan’s Lake Superior Shoreline","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Algoma University","keywords":"Charadrius; Plover; Endangered species; Foraging; Population; Fishery; Predation; Forage; Environmental science; Ecology; Shore; Nocturnal; Threatened species; Geography; Habitat; Biology","authors":[{"name":"R John Waterman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason M. Garvon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01472420086527941,"gpt":0.2333694619697094,"spread":0.21864526110443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002718836,0.0001487749,0.0002033561,0.00005259449,0.0003320213,0.000007851239,0.0003481299,0.00006650113,0.01501637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001692693,0.000154301,0.0001018629,0.000228916,0.0002173121,0.0001317667,0.0004538908,0.0002568411,0.0001243644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001200733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002302843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002243296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002073654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986577,0.00004780419,0.0002939633,0.0003209927,0.0003396289,0.0003399009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999563,0.00002412004,0.0000942608,0.0002266956,0.000006491593,0.00008543416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002464757,0.0002267818,0.9293085,0.000003008545,0.000006221361,0.00004840987,0.0010535,0.0001598265,0.06629112,0.00001010671,0.0006038145,0.002264099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005275089,0.0002868668,0.9835982,0.000005168025,0.0000925226,0.00008725457,0.0007940847,0.0001225818,0.006691265,0.00001172395,0.007509658,0.0002731813],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985766,0.00003034932,0.00002398147,0.0002064882,0.0004121721,0.0002365281,0.00007954658,0.00005956929,0.0003747579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998212,0.000005145742,0.000476347,0.0002241908,0.00005060719,0.00009415418,0.00002858198,0.00002824186,0.0008807768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05959985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.985884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408778408","doi":"10.3390/birds6020015","title":"Aerodynamics of Flight Formations in Birds: A Quest for Energy Efficiency","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Downwash; Aerodynamics; Drag; Lift-induced drag; Wake; Airspeed; Flapping; Aerospace engineering; Vortex; Lift-to-drag ratio; Lift (data mining); Mechanics; Wing; Physics; Marine engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Fabien Beaumont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sébastien Murer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabien Bogard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guillaume Polidori","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006163687196222013,"gpt":0.2212252124099751,"spread":0.215061525213753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001199288,0.00008319692,0.0001330816,0.0002448685,0.00002680713,0.000009255606,0.000121779,0.00008909639,0.00001574436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002015523,0.00007633246,0.00004794389,0.0003914945,0.00001376695,0.00004692233,0.00001856073,0.00004113491,0.000003999515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000342795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002535637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003948638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999451,0.000008995856,0.0002470746,0.0000823431,0.00006374461,0.0001468327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997344,0.00004434776,0.00002021465,0.0001461001,0.00003373672,0.00002119256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004460578,0.0001949538,0.0002635156,0.0008763713,0.0000588079,0.000001748447,0.0006586614,0.005649037,0.1244847,0.8029725,0.006559371,0.05823572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00116003,0.0001118469,0.000494662,0.0001985133,0.00002998973,0.000001407885,0.00009384695,0.5942519,0.332509,0.01859878,0.05224948,0.0003005654],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1058576,0.001182795,0.8681833,0.0004576395,0.001690564,0.0004424563,0.00006717089,0.0003865862,0.02173187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942693,0.00007966405,0.005102023,0.00004063912,0.00001747954,0.00004098546,0.00001203287,0.00001458086,0.0004233477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8884116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3112747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405983958","doi":"10.3390/birds6010001","title":"A Helicopter Survey for Cliff-Nesting Raptors Along the Dalton Highway in Northern Alaska, 2010","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Park Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management","keywords":"Eagle; Cliff; Geography; Bald eagle; Predation; Peregrinus; Falcon; Nesting (process); Range (aeronautics); Perch; Nest (protein structural motif); Fishery; Ecology; Archaeology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Erica H. Craig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jim D. Herriges","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Craig","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01730437172742513,"gpt":0.2468301331850061,"spread":0.2295257614575809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006931312,0.0001021683,0.0001043006,0.00003617342,0.0001267701,0.00003780598,0.0002475391,0.00003993159,0.0000748245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006544336,0.00006724199,0.00004512804,0.0002504146,0.00006039823,0.00006226014,0.0001422674,0.00007438689,0.0001195898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006347957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008615521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004761172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05670499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991432,0.00007126464,0.0001797625,0.0002341815,0.0001322928,0.0002392973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995217,0.0001774479,0.00004103962,0.0002265871,0.000004881469,0.00002828306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001507521,0.00003122652,0.9722807,0.000008384587,0.000006328868,0.000001510671,0.000127985,0.0002844019,0.00005245806,0.0000281702,0.0113048,0.015859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003528468,0.00001812858,0.9548242,0.00002326749,0.000006134597,2.784283e-7,0.00004642861,0.0006866338,0.00006778017,0.0001177634,0.04376809,0.0000884379],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909786,0.00005168976,0.0009015041,0.002167889,0.0004482104,0.0004144244,0.000008222202,0.00003819746,0.004991286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948238,0.00001316066,0.0001070155,0.0006978863,0.00004342879,0.00006372039,0.000008570621,0.00001041861,0.004232072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05194382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9605077,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368404590","doi":"10.3390/birds4020018","title":"Seasonal Use of Dairies as Overnight Roosts by Common Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; Western University","funders":"Washington State University","keywords":"Sturnus; Starling; Sunset; Wildlife; Geography; Seasonality; Abundance (ecology); Fishery; Daylight; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Callan Lichtenwalter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen M. M. Steensma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marcos Inácio Marcondes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kyle W. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig S. McConnel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amber Adams‐Progar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01401399042118216,"gpt":0.2334240669252184,"spread":0.2194100765040362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000143464,0.000100759,0.000121962,0.00002318251,0.00008032122,0.00003790572,0.0001664576,0.00004030422,0.0008205708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002438361,0.00008349319,0.00004823899,0.0002244988,0.0001048822,0.0001756879,0.0002468058,0.00006439188,0.001044367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000403343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004393904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001325487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001759354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990236,0.00002612258,0.0001398383,0.0001910521,0.0004066454,0.0002127218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996316,0.00004593358,0.0000554457,0.0001910301,0.000003641162,0.00007235831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002523989,0.00005891427,0.4587641,0.00001213338,0.0000186164,0.00002084169,0.0002788363,0.0002993169,0.001699643,0.0001250853,0.5286277,0.01006951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002156635,0.00006737956,0.3589456,0.00001414049,0.00001142017,0.000001096243,0.00005702479,0.0009402482,0.00109905,0.0002239179,0.6382973,0.0001271569],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923916,0.00004152926,0.0000255644,0.0008068767,0.000105861,0.0001061888,0.00004608218,0.00009014114,0.006386193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986289,0.00009384519,0.00007158057,0.0004761073,0.00002734315,0.000007310976,0.0000318986,0.00001490987,0.01298796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1096695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412873960","doi":"10.3390/birds6030038","title":"New Records of Feather Mites (Acariformes: Analgoidea) on Passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) from Greenland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Study of Mite Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ASTER","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Stiftelsen Längmanska Kulturfonden; Lunds Universitet; European Commission","keywords":"Feather; Acariformes; Zoology; Charadriiformes; Geography; Biology; Acari","authors":[{"name":"Nevena Kolarova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoffer Sjöholm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jannika E. Boström","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susanne Åkesson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mihaela Ilieva","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01402996970628714,"gpt":0.2293238524936779,"spread":0.2152938827873907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001004431,0.0001929083,0.0003002386,0.00003491815,0.000107265,0.00004627907,0.00036086,0.0001182477,0.001243806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008184999,0.00007278904,0.0001480698,0.0004818706,0.00004815908,0.00008987497,0.00008867985,0.00009986302,0.00005565575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002363251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002181432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006851568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008322663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989257,0.000034457,0.0002693574,0.0003062664,0.0002254399,0.0002387923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993056,0.00033764,0.0001030051,0.0001188298,0.00006220766,0.00007270926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001329685,0.000105538,0.6446459,0.00001163274,0.0001067206,0.000002411566,0.0001289263,0.000001060193,0.05460956,0.0008793013,0.0488952,0.2504808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002195771,0.0002867311,0.8455893,0.00007426415,0.00002091327,3.822798e-7,0.0008301837,0.000008281743,0.009210213,0.001709435,0.1419018,0.000148909],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756406,0.0003948399,0.00001027417,0.002648326,0.0002744345,0.0001611023,0.0000823382,0.0000828695,0.02070525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866067,0.0002870444,0.0008976048,0.0005342648,0.0004392943,0.00001133991,0.00004377044,0.000002309401,0.01117773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2503319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407404089","doi":"10.3390/birds6010009","title":"Neither Scale of Response Nor Threshold in Habitat Availability Is Conserved Across Species of Forest-Dwelling Songbirds Responding to Habitat Loss","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Birds","topic":"Avian ecology and behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Barrie Urology Group","funders":"Bird Studies Canada; Association of Field Ornithologists; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Habitat; Ecology; Scale (ratio); Geography; Biology; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Bill Thompson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01914058656352343,"gpt":0.2865672194660103,"spread":0.2674266329024869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001625767,0.0001883042,0.0003849456,0.0001965199,0.0001158767,0.00001537877,0.0004215908,0.0001884473,0.0009841328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002964369,0.0001778243,0.0001205108,0.001125038,0.0008480998,0.0001640914,0.0003890509,0.0001821324,0.0001801394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002296162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005753164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001292314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008772614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998089,0.0001826341,0.0005720918,0.0004556987,0.0002556297,0.0004449952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998798,0.0004209885,0.0001307357,0.0005352485,0.00003060159,0.00008447489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001922652,0.0002205995,0.9366277,0.00003201965,0.000007618352,0.0000119098,0.001802349,0.0002816617,0.05804816,0.00003237084,0.0007711534,0.0002417304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005821688,0.000170419,0.9258055,0.00008131943,0.00001361702,0.000001482592,0.0006971817,0.0000545949,0.0712516,0.0002682113,0.0009240036,0.0001498862],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968513,0.00003457961,0.000125783,0.001080112,0.000151209,0.0004331617,0.00006900438,0.00002868794,0.001226217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908401,0.00000430396,0.0009831074,0.0003316491,0.00000844942,0.00003088776,0.00000118376,0.00001733189,0.007782938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01320344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}