{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":143,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":143,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"40ab9701ec5b","filters":{"venue":"Boreas"}},"results":[{"id":"W1535997516","doi":"10.1111/bor.12070","title":"The <scp>L</scp>ast <scp>P</scp>ermafrost <scp>M</scp>aximum (<scp>LPM</scp>) map of the <scp>N</scp>orthern <scp>H</scp>emisphere: permafrost extent and mean annual air temperatures, 25–17 ka <scp>BP</scp>","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":242,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Ottawa","funders":"International Permafrost Association; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou University","keywords":"Permafrost; Geology; Ice wedge; Physical geography; Northern Hemisphere; Snow; Vegetation (pathology); Thermokarst; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Climatology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01159785226012891,"gpt":0.211129580810672,"spread":0.199531728550543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006040123,0.005465334,0.004665568,0.001235628,0.005742633,0.003153152,0.007657644,0.003122441,0.0002998192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01435187,0.004201332,0.002604565,0.003927364,0.004379156,0.002716584,0.002080334,0.005467759,0.002623705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000358492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001459623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008568867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04435237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9713542,0.00301697,0.004913271,0.005782816,0.006188656,0.008744065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9563199,0.02732704,0.003835671,0.006269057,0.002010734,0.00423758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002387646,0.0009536221,0.318084,0.0008955633,0.001045049,0.0004357517,0.02660841,0.0007985358,0.007090516,0.000629032,0.6415362,0.001899408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004062024,0.001057443,0.2670337,0.0007576926,0.0008797624,0.0008818577,0.04475849,0.002110019,0.004312647,0.001062135,0.6727646,0.000319647],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8281172,0.02970492,0.00005789518,0.0006444591,0.005530464,0.004561452,0.05828845,0.001109967,0.07198521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8071357,0.01115902,0.0004775,0.009227827,0.009947221,0.0005915291,0.03003858,0.001372958,0.1300497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05806449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171592481","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2002.tb01070.x","title":"Are long subglacial bedforms indicative of fast ice flow?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Bedform; Drumlin; Ice stream; Lineation; Geomorphology; Ice sheet; Glacial period; Last Glacial Maximum; Paleontology; Tectonics; Sediment transport; Cryosphere; Climatology; Sea ice; Sediment","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02743335349789686,"gpt":0.2091760516872755,"spread":0.1817426981893786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004813051,0.00007314786,0.0001224116,0.00001524605,0.0001229243,0.00001128749,0.0001100575,0.00003168768,0.002950966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008332576,0.00005330342,0.00004332723,0.0002301788,0.00007859759,0.00008484882,0.00000914624,0.00005439218,0.0001399049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000247701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006426872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001197191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01060297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994448,0.00001075858,0.0001318313,0.0001134514,0.0001520981,0.0001470624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995202,0.00005219978,0.0002256978,0.0001083363,0.00003961237,0.00005395777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005577499,0.00001575072,0.9604619,0.000005791902,0.0000164822,0.000004232345,0.0007150836,0.0001354073,4.192768e-7,0.0000322661,0.003710218,0.0348969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001209529,0.00002908728,0.9885995,0.000008799468,0.00001011706,0.000001599355,0.0007634587,0.002948553,0.000009174504,0.00006810093,0.007369441,0.00007120064],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978951,0.001111324,0.0001242183,0.0003706099,0.0001550813,0.0001054513,0.0002039263,0.00002502599,0.0189533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986317,0.0001052621,0.0004365853,0.0001493,0.0001094984,0.000001004713,0.00004736783,0.00000186216,0.0005174782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0348257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107624699","doi":"10.1080/03009480310001029","title":"Configuration, history and impact of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Glacial period; Meltwater; Stadial; Oceanography; Ice stream; Arctic ice pack; Ice sheet; Antarctic sea ice; Sea ice; Geomorphology; Last Glacial Maximum; Physical geography; Cryosphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01896019225083137,"gpt":0.2349880793080672,"spread":0.2160278870572359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001715583,0.00005304748,0.00008097656,0.00002711652,0.0000735262,0.000003173262,0.00008466033,0.00005900741,0.001614086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009818922,0.00003174092,0.00003335981,0.00005748615,0.0002596446,0.00004364597,0.000002942059,0.00008744792,0.00003378095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001440916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001363277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009497864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002146616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994867,0.0001372988,0.00007564091,0.00009146548,0.00007048553,0.0001383619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999652,0.00009658456,0.0000379587,0.0001257219,0.00003400788,0.00005376258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001150154,0.000005846491,0.9979578,0.000004696425,0.00001175501,0.000001900987,0.0001496333,0.00003811225,0.000006204288,0.0004668747,0.001157225,0.0001884161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001225174,0.00005490036,0.9974853,0.000002898053,0.000005626018,0.00004458418,0.00004376264,0.00009780489,0.00004942461,0.0005590344,0.001497042,0.00003714489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9122586,0.0009582878,0.000003089728,0.0001373141,0.00009837774,0.00007394974,0.00001737505,0.000005028832,0.08644793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919,0.00003238605,0.00001210442,0.00005186842,0.000009176557,4.280571e-7,0.00001567757,7.904713e-7,0.0006876217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0869313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059900540","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00035.x","title":"Deglacial and Holocene conditions in northernmost Baffin Bay: sediments, foraminifera, diatoms and stable isotopes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Oceanography; Foraminifera; Bay; Holocene; Deglaciation; Ice sheet; Sea ice; Sea level; Benthic zone; Arctic; Sedimentology; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01690962206676359,"gpt":0.2341759492267126,"spread":0.2172663271599491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001619131,0.00009392541,0.0001541266,0.00008375354,0.0003115945,0.00001515364,0.00007191418,0.0001026308,0.0005806126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000394449,0.00008180351,0.00001269509,0.0001240814,0.0003561918,0.0001347755,0.00001668945,0.0001476872,0.00008025446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.844517e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005793827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001291221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02143747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991849,0.00008275758,0.0001253914,0.0002094676,0.00009639157,0.0003011026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995907,0.0001621131,0.00002480444,0.00008828691,0.00001864428,0.0001154294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000413346,0.00001903108,0.9985973,0.000007339499,0.000008932894,0.0001240556,0.0002395607,0.00001419271,0.000001002934,0.00008492897,0.000199835,0.0006625487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005209447,0.00007650108,0.9973872,0.000005354585,0.000004594146,0.0002097089,0.00009379725,0.0005108216,0.00002210315,0.0004585242,0.0006167149,0.00009368782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935445,0.001182772,0.000003653305,0.0003245775,0.00004621698,0.0001476024,0.0001232692,0.00001616323,0.004611286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987161,0.0004740284,0.000128974,0.0001807563,0.00002530387,0.000003643974,0.0002082674,0.000002171607,0.000260766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02014625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006655396","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01442.x","title":"The Dubawnt Lake palaeo‐ice stream: evidence for dynamic ice sheet behaviour on the Canadian Shield and insights regarding the controls on ice‐stream location and vigour","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Ice stream; Ice sheet; Ice divide; Bedrock; Geomorphology; Deglaciation; Ice shelf; Pressure ridge; Antarctic sea ice; Glacial period; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03171111913877993,"gpt":0.2679195386488116,"spread":0.2362084195100317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001085003,0.0001515657,0.0001401276,0.00005504593,0.001673404,0.000155963,0.0002591203,0.0001438902,0.00005612798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009477091,0.00007337864,0.0000319859,0.0001379066,0.0003805466,0.0001005864,0.00000844257,0.0003336834,0.00002632195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005490586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002123664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01840409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9584519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985194,0.0004381602,0.0001539758,0.000290207,0.0001826643,0.0004156573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953204,0.004061385,0.00006920198,0.0003204158,0.00007314042,0.0001554733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001332433,0.000007819597,0.9924288,0.000009356092,0.00002628471,0.00001217523,0.0004231086,0.0001053627,0.000001302998,0.005157016,0.000511484,0.001183993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003507758,0.0002697603,0.989338,0.00006884924,0.0000459548,0.00006495394,0.0008094029,0.00316303,0.00002161369,0.002052626,0.003688185,0.0001268468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735416,0.00173323,0.000005833208,0.01735351,0.0001327753,0.0007205934,0.000062001,0.00001268534,0.006437771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99806,0.0003497761,0.0000129183,0.001141551,0.0000268229,0.00002842188,0.00004287509,0.000003854516,0.0003337823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9400478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975884950","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00039.x","title":"Weichselian and Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Archipelago, Arctic Siberia","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Tundra; Subarctic climate; Vegetation (pathology); Arctic; Holocene; Geology; Steppe; Peat; Mire; Beringia; Permafrost; Physical geography; Holocene climatic optimum; Macrofossil; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01037416560951154,"gpt":0.1939397799177993,"spread":0.1835656143082878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001806966,0.0001420243,0.0002019179,0.00005763916,0.0001030492,0.000008312058,0.0002762577,0.0001213152,0.00196085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000498474,0.0000989934,0.00006246279,0.0000866119,0.0005006134,0.00007345647,0.00002314978,0.0002379791,0.0001035003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005094328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001233485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00121504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004547817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988477,0.0001691435,0.0001902678,0.0002591424,0.0001867774,0.0003469602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993345,0.0001039317,0.00007736002,0.0002994107,0.00000927917,0.0001755621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008213623,0.0000214366,0.9918829,0.000009867725,0.00001405975,0.00001390023,0.0004785958,0.00001703548,0.00004074914,0.00009566532,0.002670476,0.004673202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004180001,0.0001597498,0.9906142,0.0000123983,0.00002055132,0.0001308282,0.00006224547,0.0001388838,0.00004455372,0.002929142,0.005357862,0.0001115949],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798396,0.002852792,0.000003492602,0.001940071,0.0002180988,0.0001622121,0.00003104345,0.00001386191,0.0149388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995936,0.0001620404,0.0002067486,0.000514854,0.00006551575,4.991286e-7,0.00006046869,0.000002801175,0.003051043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01609641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058707824","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00082.x","title":"Palaeo‐ice streams and the subglacial landscape mosaic of the North American mid‐continental prairies","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Government of Saskatchewan; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Landform; Glacial landform; Geomorphology; Ice sheet; Glacial period; Glacier; Drumlin; Ice stream; Paleontology; Physical geography; Moraine; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006118507504920204,"gpt":0.2090215241628197,"spread":0.2029030166578995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002138158,0.00008370444,0.0001678769,0.00002273582,0.0002027711,0.00001530116,0.0002276593,0.00003362185,0.00007833058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008757958,0.00004038144,0.00004668145,0.0002020293,0.001241662,0.00004612003,0.00001481988,0.0001578526,0.00001544853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":2.195116e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003834872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001391742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07024924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991865,0.0001993257,0.0001219673,0.0001324317,0.0001423871,0.000217414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994239,0.0002544321,0.00007791926,0.0001705075,0.0000251365,0.00004806713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002091189,0.000009976236,0.9937797,0.000003096282,0.00001361898,0.000003826806,0.0002665531,0.00001084893,6.198294e-7,0.0001834731,0.0004206414,0.005098491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004731394,0.00008837537,0.9979226,0.000002786316,0.00001639718,0.0000431434,0.0001938501,0.0002599369,0.00001785745,0.0003225166,0.0006087118,0.00005067382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886749,0.0004829176,6.78029e-7,0.004329291,0.00005913294,0.0001343901,0.00005191299,0.00001015154,0.006256602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994226,0.00005833689,0.00001778461,0.000260938,0.00004369567,7.966233e-7,0.00006063893,9.446449e-7,0.0001342606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0688575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9467163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141961466","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00164.x","title":"Holocene climate dynamics in Latvia, eastern Baltic region: a pollen‐based summer temperature reconstruction and regional comparison","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"NordForsk","keywords":"Holocene; Holocene climatic optimum; Pollen; Temperate climate; Climate change; Geology; Physical geography; Climatology; Vegetation (pathology); Oceanography; Geography; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02303923278198922,"gpt":0.2564125915743677,"spread":0.2333733587923785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002886146,0.00013041,0.0002156265,0.0001532915,0.0001667349,0.00003369749,0.0001250974,0.0002965831,0.0002299419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003803759,0.0001119511,0.0000323258,0.0001792898,0.000374626,0.0001090367,0.00001103002,0.0006184386,0.00007029607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002171992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006769927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007587054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05530566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988727,0.0001380445,0.0002014577,0.0002949039,0.0001234543,0.000369471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994338,0.0001525692,0.00006386008,0.0001835809,0.00003933878,0.0001268903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001624521,0.00001973431,0.9965137,0.00002296847,0.000005955967,0.00005297559,0.00003805288,0.00002585195,0.000002696898,0.000301872,0.0001266422,0.002727156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006084496,0.00006008007,0.9493641,0.00002636393,0.000006969532,0.0005328765,0.0001593545,0.04868008,0.000007599104,0.0002892589,0.0001422103,0.0001226928],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933841,0.000324128,0.000003158677,0.002202204,0.0002758478,0.0001340991,0.00003001891,0.00002633527,0.00362007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989446,0.00005906879,0.0003880514,0.0002203069,0.00005690182,0.00000223864,0.0002268994,0.000003238419,0.00009868966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05454695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9619325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122803269","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01199.x","title":"Comparative scanning electron microscopy study of oriented till blocks, glacial grains and Devonian sands in Estonia and Latvia","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Fluvial; Glacial period; Sedimentary depositional environment; Devonian; Pleistocene; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; River terraces; Rock fragment; Paleontology; Structural basin; Quartz","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01392087901093795,"gpt":0.2875653799931424,"spread":0.2736445009822044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002083216,0.00009793117,0.00023677,0.00009797846,0.0001278635,0.00001083927,0.00007004553,0.0000718001,0.0003459469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001124438,0.00008391744,0.000009960347,0.0001994372,0.0002481617,0.00005793627,0.000008129243,0.0001772394,0.000008871732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000101504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004877245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002329175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07190476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991198,0.0001477579,0.0001524104,0.0002149662,0.00009091781,0.0002741893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996991,0.00009206198,0.00003105469,0.0000817993,0.00002034707,0.00007563855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003074064,0.00005938302,0.9951749,0.000005182357,0.00001686817,0.00002175381,0.003824617,0.00003111276,0.00002356101,0.00001276485,0.00002555789,0.0004968932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009525947,0.0006038217,0.996697,0.000009934363,0.000009187176,0.00003672423,0.0005078038,0.0006972013,0.0001144405,0.00007933501,0.0002116212,0.00008032959],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947397,0.0006733804,3.310481e-7,0.00004961644,0.00001830472,0.0001987267,0.00001521767,0.00000838269,0.004296395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997007,0.00004438513,0.00007835775,0.00002011939,0.0000104594,0.000001565567,0.00003294514,0.00000136895,0.0001101126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06957559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9450306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108239162","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2001.tb01220.x","title":"Quantification of SEM microtextures useful in sedimentary environmental discrimination","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geological formations and processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Sedimentary depositional environment; Fluvial; Sedimentary rock; Sedimentation; Sediment; Range (aeronautics); Sample (material); Glacial period; Geochemistry; Paleontology; Structural basin","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01709039300411541,"gpt":0.2117146401509973,"spread":0.1946242471468819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008334335,0.00004475329,0.00005354917,0.00004632214,0.00003325835,0.000008703232,0.00006561094,0.00002871374,0.001351777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008132812,0.00003446318,0.00001513171,0.00008893516,0.00003720433,0.0001625735,0.000003489729,0.00003392202,0.00005180053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002332604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005875335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001790291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001069109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996033,0.00002078541,0.000130069,0.00007942047,0.00008682399,0.0000795944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998417,0.00002804886,0.00004229666,0.0000611471,0.000004622294,0.00002213924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001955083,0.00003419037,0.973703,0.000008877934,0.000001838963,0.000001183762,0.0001568799,0.0006886904,0.0003565406,0.00005636856,0.0001343842,0.02483845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009132655,0.00003427694,0.9926687,0.000007817509,0.000002833964,0.00000480229,0.0002305546,0.000964717,0.002119059,0.0009478824,0.00288181,0.00004623435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960578,0.0002870346,0.00009845635,0.0002559034,0.00002687402,0.00007331037,0.00004664783,0.000007117245,0.003146868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998903,0.0001157567,0.0002072246,0.00007843453,0.00001225638,7.81885e-7,0.0006158356,6.835415e-7,0.00006602905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02479221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1582744970","doi":"10.1111/bor.12036","title":"Permafrost at the time of the <scp>L</scp>ast <scp>G</scp>lacial <scp>M</scp>aximum (<scp>LGM</scp>) in <scp>N</scp>orth <scp>A</scp>merica","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Deglaciation; Aggradation; Geology; Last Glacial Maximum; Physical geography; Terrain; Geomorphology; Glacial period; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01130044116025871,"gpt":0.2162317788910225,"spread":0.2049313377307638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004159749,0.002758247,0.003250791,0.001445123,0.003044599,0.0008021474,0.006322195,0.002642487,0.0008194136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02049791,0.002057354,0.001565637,0.004223462,0.006239764,0.001509703,0.001610845,0.004803202,0.01566477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000116542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001980996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005684834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0158841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9793663,0.003713571,0.003131218,0.003551574,0.003524725,0.006712592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9610262,0.02982745,0.002029278,0.003902732,0.001103036,0.002111326],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001331838,0.0005533679,0.7275835,0.0002183209,0.0004482116,0.0002493532,0.006556205,0.0006681703,0.0005902025,0.0003387263,0.261887,0.0008936884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002413324,0.0007598041,0.6392214,0.0002221165,0.0003441481,0.0008313634,0.01065269,0.003022054,0.001643659,0.002001661,0.3387119,0.0001759054],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7922752,0.007720954,0.00002907228,0.0006275364,0.002138675,0.003258226,0.0025312,0.0004367841,0.1909823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.874989,0.001827255,0.0003864739,0.003327721,0.001764212,0.0004010343,0.00361228,0.0002778404,0.1134141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08836208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1518767240","doi":"10.1111/bor.12007","title":"Retreat pattern of the <scp>C</scp>ordilleran <scp>I</scp>ce <scp>S</scp>heet in central <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia at the end of the last glaciation reconstructed from glacial meltwater landforms","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Deglaciation; Geology; Meltwater; Landform; Ice sheet; Glacial period; Ice stream; Glacier; Geomorphology; Physical geography; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sea ice; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00877615639517509,"gpt":0.1943204639924115,"spread":0.1855443075972364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001717082,0.0009886678,0.001436896,0.0003663382,0.001151359,0.0003335974,0.002519976,0.001302972,0.0007488466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006001935,0.0006444489,0.0006771182,0.001401537,0.002359421,0.0008244735,0.0005097172,0.001858294,0.0006789526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005723448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004595645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02367448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.157356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9904213,0.002186992,0.001686003,0.00142528,0.001604635,0.00267582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9850774,0.01101171,0.001155199,0.001727855,0.000465428,0.0005623716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009190388,0.0001446288,0.9565707,0.00009908939,0.0002974911,0.00004878782,0.006940457,0.000147116,0.000200528,0.00003819761,0.03306092,0.00244283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002239378,0.0002050191,0.9693646,0.0002044793,0.0001690962,0.000256624,0.006120741,0.001120214,0.00370895,0.002297048,0.01423195,0.00008188377],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9619612,0.001644146,0.00001236938,0.0003081642,0.001671863,0.001817209,0.002009006,0.0001199416,0.03045609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905739,0.0005903844,0.00009196418,0.0005755669,0.0005000516,0.00007310497,0.001637313,0.00006165116,0.005896077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1336815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142494349","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00256.x","title":"The exaggerated radiocarbon age of deposit‐feeding molluscs in calcareous environments","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta","funders":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","keywords":"Calcareous; Geology; Carbonate; Radiocarbon dating; Paleontology; Oceanography; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678196943902105,"gpt":0.2259852464783757,"spread":0.2092032770393547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000471228,0.0000714463,0.000117662,0.00004635939,0.0001165347,0.000007973377,0.0001655898,0.00009048294,0.0001311193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007777306,0.00004800293,0.00002515479,0.0001258073,0.0002044735,0.00006389215,0.00001249396,0.0001583932,0.00006587406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000160972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001343269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001407114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002243489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990589,0.0001666099,0.0001498306,0.00009725132,0.0001351203,0.0003923119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994315,0.0003119855,0.00003624828,0.0001334564,0.000004441745,0.00008239026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003929294,0.00001448513,0.9981704,0.000003981971,0.00001172341,0.00003290282,0.0002308349,0.0000500915,0.0001006475,0.00006920548,0.00003027732,0.001246147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001375793,0.0000313264,0.998035,0.000007020517,0.000005311719,0.00004452874,0.00007909877,0.0005170699,0.0004399358,0.00007790035,0.0005725876,0.00005262267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844158,0.003137149,0.000004180818,0.00008514775,0.0001440109,0.00009385293,0.000005898604,0.000005908532,0.01210799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994986,0.0001875211,0.00004613661,0.00002968757,0.00003012708,0.000001555866,0.00004201873,0.00000170298,0.0001626269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01508277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2127145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006280788","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.tb01189.x","title":"Glacial landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf: evidence for Late Wisconsinan ice‐sheet dynamics and implications for the formation of De Geer moraines","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Moraine; Ice sheet; Glacial period; Ice shelf; Ice stream; Glacial landform; Oceanography; Drumlin; Glacier morphology; Deglaciation; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Cryosphere; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0414428776295211,"gpt":0.3244637864711816,"spread":0.2830209088416605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008316042,0.0000695834,0.00009936693,0.00005934477,0.0002765716,0.00001707464,0.0001315908,0.00008237232,0.00001811219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000200563,0.0000447386,0.0000365189,0.0000810317,0.0001918558,0.0001493394,0.000006901369,0.00007113015,0.000004427616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002176719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004552813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002285209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02868118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999392,0.00002410731,0.0001535969,0.0001123577,0.00005911538,0.0002588422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998394,0.00128102,0.00006519786,0.0001345975,0.00007058904,0.00005460042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002258043,0.000007326817,0.987249,0.00004117715,0.00001197983,4.506031e-7,0.0002399181,0.0001321394,0.000005580889,0.004973386,0.0002001635,0.006913092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000249204,0.0001409105,0.9501233,0.00001755378,0.00002330416,0.00002780396,0.00005859015,0.0409466,0.00006000543,0.008003647,0.0002925479,0.00005656298],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855988,0.0003315617,0.008222917,0.004001215,0.00007282144,0.0005482355,0.0001824847,0.00001208983,0.00102989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987025,0.00006910155,0.0006941641,0.0001825689,0.00004535547,0.000009489545,0.0001893526,0.000002041821,0.0001054374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04081446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9890429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057551940","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.00022.x","title":"Palsa and peat plateau development in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada: timing, pathways and causes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Peat; Aggradation; Bog; Geology; Macrofossil; Holocene; Plateau (mathematics); Physical geography; Thermokarst; Radiocarbon dating; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Paleontology; Geography; Structural basin; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02001710652609702,"gpt":0.1944412586576547,"spread":0.1744241521315577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001340526,0.00009247294,0.0001017913,0.00001345594,0.0001707257,0.00001019598,0.00008157547,0.00003837052,0.0001109334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001226807,0.0000597101,0.000006314701,0.00004523857,0.00008622308,0.00003946156,0.00006991017,0.00006978156,0.000004709706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005598311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004859604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1767646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.809648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993588,0.00002494541,0.0001092429,0.0001786006,0.0001330768,0.0001953419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997684,0.00005001399,0.00002510897,0.00009139704,0.000002008284,0.00006312115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000704956,0.00001433172,0.9931374,0.000002216118,0.000002963566,0.0001437105,0.001387528,0.000005696658,0.00004118125,0.00005897041,0.003847991,0.001350924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002661787,0.00002328799,0.9576349,0.000004674491,0.000002764801,0.0001352517,0.00011352,0.00007108194,0.00006653627,0.00004441114,0.04154463,0.00009276248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922111,0.0001426484,0.000003132359,0.000262095,0.0000215748,0.00008355364,0.000005298987,0.000006334406,0.007264254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991524,0.0001808227,0.0001004982,0.0003523538,0.00001394324,0.00001039295,0.0000155365,0.000004479612,0.0001695837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6328834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8287174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077813923","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00048.x","title":"Holocene peat growth and decay dynamics in sub‐arctic peat plateaus, west‐central Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Peat; Radiocarbon dating; Permafrost; Geology; Accelerator mass spectrometry; Holocene; Plateau (mathematics); Carbon fibers; Physical geography; Paleontology; Oceanography; Ecology; Biology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00724661694857538,"gpt":0.2020614181304213,"spread":0.194814801181846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001434026,0.0001292445,0.0001822154,0.00007747372,0.0001231036,0.0000211495,0.0001585357,0.0001184175,0.0001832465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005448576,0.0001118594,0.00001818774,0.0001746824,0.0001286179,0.00009385308,0.000008834766,0.0002737611,0.00002463492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009821128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002457915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4534945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9646607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987462,0.0001066019,0.0001503595,0.0002520762,0.0001577248,0.0005870425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994758,0.0001489135,0.00002696323,0.0001233933,0.0000213248,0.0002035402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006343004,0.00001148447,0.9975355,0.00001267162,0.000006131771,0.0003899205,0.00003914927,0.0000485549,6.605675e-7,0.0004036418,0.0001881826,0.001300681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000336146,0.00009809347,0.9954472,0.00001163155,0.000006728442,0.0002715757,0.00006230657,0.002940393,0.00002497867,0.0006338253,0.00003953282,0.0001276127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884622,0.001093362,0.000002373586,0.002336809,0.0001057398,0.0001055002,0.00005400513,0.00001522464,0.007824853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988052,0.0003421693,0.00005401826,0.000344336,0.00002599952,5.038655e-7,0.0003492663,0.000001944377,0.00007658728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5111662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5501447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137729488","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.tb01188.x","title":"Supporting evidence from the New York drumlin field that elongate subglacial bedforms indicate fast ice flow","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Drumlin; Bedform; Geology; Deglaciation; Geomorphology; Ice stream; Ice sheet; Oceanography; Sediment transport; Cryosphere; Sediment; Glacial period; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04076910246771145,"gpt":0.2594092253447253,"spread":0.2186401228770139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005512661,0.0001357648,0.0001415391,0.00001218424,0.0004596497,0.00009710882,0.0003506985,0.00006804531,0.001808247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003089536,0.00008463275,0.00007532411,0.0002759687,0.000056309,0.0001946052,0.00003025269,0.0001850509,0.0001759538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005419894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007984402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05442005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1406044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987521,0.00002230004,0.000257254,0.000237528,0.0003062453,0.0004246114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984202,0.00102904,0.0001455681,0.0002380554,0.00002313411,0.0001440085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004083637,0.000003560739,0.8197803,0.000001734149,0.00001796302,0.000009030437,0.001698292,0.0001114748,0.000003765487,0.00001068802,0.0196593,0.158663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001202995,0.00003833205,0.9586111,0.00003509094,0.00002362271,0.000002175217,0.001534213,0.0009429777,0.00013286,0.0003673154,0.0380616,0.0001304336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822598,0.003437331,0.004381583,0.006250855,0.0007254293,0.0002351557,0.00007897031,0.00007529254,0.002555646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939013,0.0001770842,0.002215139,0.002027092,0.0008674161,8.860164e-7,0.0001243994,0.000004524473,0.0006821622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1585326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984659148","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00142.x","title":"Ice‐free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Marine isotope stage; Stadial; Deglaciation; Physical geography; Stage (stratigraphy); Glacial period; Chronology; Vegetation (pathology); Oceanography; Climate change; Sediment; Paleontology; Interglacial; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01428677950192274,"gpt":0.2446869254094957,"spread":0.230400145907573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002810919,0.0001281307,0.0001810841,0.0001856864,0.0001591648,0.00003362936,0.0003600148,0.0001692517,0.01263731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001211817,0.0001143283,0.00003842903,0.0002472309,0.0002000647,0.0001713603,0.00005922364,0.000616599,0.0008542561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000111493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006345964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01287663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3341362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988258,0.00009526528,0.0002004442,0.0002657219,0.000146649,0.000466073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.0001495719,0.0000481127,0.0003655959,0.00003518344,0.0001631819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008969737,0.00002350837,0.9987981,0.00001495761,0.00001031149,0.0002116425,0.00005495005,0.00001001955,0.00003851394,0.0002487284,0.0001184244,0.0003811467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007809478,0.00006792999,0.9963515,0.000006678844,0.000004765622,0.00007888917,0.00003427398,0.0002385254,0.00005506644,0.0008494071,0.001401486,0.0001305455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9313884,0.00002688356,7.664828e-7,0.0005221772,0.0002858647,0.0001713772,0.0001913458,0.00003917181,0.067374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917657,0.00002264663,0.000137358,0.00005502582,0.00009091375,0.000005961412,0.000302063,0.000003822362,0.007616555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3212596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159948242","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2002.tb01072.x","title":"Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Deglaciation; Holocene; Glacier; Geology; Physical geography; Quaternary; Oceanography; Moraine; Glacial period; Ice sheet; Land bridge; Geography; Paleontology; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03034433537620825,"gpt":0.2100520628601213,"spread":0.1797077274839131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337443,0.00007200469,0.0001388068,0.00006405637,0.00003808534,0.000002909836,0.0001722243,0.00007422445,0.004837668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002446329,0.000056826,0.00003692145,0.00005956719,0.0001665335,0.00006964447,0.000008682382,0.0001375198,0.0007602667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001486966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002119023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002651852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01847451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999303,0.00008762924,0.0001278158,0.0001381149,0.0001241369,0.0002192605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995966,0.0001039587,0.00004778902,0.0001517131,0.00002231187,0.00007760969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003082523,0.00001331647,0.9949943,0.00001590032,0.0000133403,0.00006156452,0.0002188032,0.00006470888,7.18459e-7,0.000009195918,0.003154829,0.001422448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002085052,0.00007518598,0.9852809,0.000005047253,0.000006781685,0.00003381278,0.000004402911,0.003093439,0.000004233023,0.0001336904,0.01108657,0.00006746247],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.940502,0.002402947,0.000001659112,0.0002092151,0.000190748,0.00004809891,0.00002267168,0.00001879244,0.05660387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918409,0.0001929634,0.00005901546,0.00008559311,0.00003662244,4.432764e-7,0.00007561833,0.000001691708,0.007707147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05133891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2602460576","doi":"10.1111/bor.12241","title":"Starch contamination landscapes in field archaeology: Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Olduvai Gorge; Geology; Taphonomy; Contamination; Excavation; Archaeology; Archaeological science; Soil water; Soil science; Paleontology; Ecology; Geography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01072308102065397,"gpt":0.2265879981068617,"spread":0.2158649170862077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001776816,0.00007809801,0.0001126042,0.00003713573,0.0002923863,0.0000102435,0.0002235389,0.00005768652,0.0008282239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008768097,0.00006372905,0.00002273585,0.00002217461,0.0002588815,0.0001367096,0.00006068517,0.0001095065,0.0001697317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003306011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008986978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00329141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05032004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999374,0.00003518179,0.0001005759,0.0001730778,0.00009681604,0.0002203417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996302,0.000101661,0.00005475475,0.0001656874,0.000005140983,0.00004256262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004322955,0.000009925993,0.9702716,0.000003289845,0.000005394013,0.00002973242,0.0004323768,0.00001379343,0.00000415896,0.0003965914,0.0001344872,0.02865537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002819607,0.0001273013,0.9890432,0.000008272794,0.000003028525,0.000005046168,0.0001097828,0.0003574173,0.000078113,0.002754228,0.007151775,0.00007987324],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758673,0.0003837305,0.00004176413,0.001821397,0.0001381756,0.00008796114,0.00002507594,0.00001238529,0.02162217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985714,0.0002177343,0.0001561397,0.0002494913,0.00004894131,0.000002011012,0.00004472352,0.000001409069,0.0007081248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04702863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9670091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089610881","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01441.x","title":"Configuration and timing of Ungava Bay ice streams, Labrador–Ungava, Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Drumlin; Bay; Ice sheet; Landform; Ice stream; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Sea ice; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01454344634308198,"gpt":0.2164315436972612,"spread":0.2018880973541792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002253966,0.00006795586,0.000118514,0.00003259284,0.0001055763,0.000007758855,0.00006758984,0.00006680757,0.001379853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001357021,0.0000580279,0.00001079056,0.00008700088,0.0001142865,0.00004693154,0.000002996434,0.0001048275,0.00001697551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.402615e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002898109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3508243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9340438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992804,0.0001429507,0.0001216391,0.0001346739,0.0001236294,0.0001967305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994774,0.0002496176,0.00004300723,0.0001010452,0.00004043212,0.0000884968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001238248,0.000003398444,0.9961208,0.00001585088,0.00001133074,0.00001915697,0.00005397329,0.00002936902,0.00001051479,0.001168682,0.0007586253,0.001795922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002007122,0.00004518135,0.9930254,0.000008206161,0.00001032333,0.00006297356,0.0001976347,0.0006748582,0.0006833154,0.000365308,0.004646153,0.00007990106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9395067,0.0009013664,0.00001790625,0.0002292305,0.00009001033,0.00007586845,0.00004783514,0.000006758145,0.05912434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989664,0.0000491485,0.0001228878,0.00008349788,0.000009943737,4.230802e-7,0.00009777553,0.000001190418,0.0006687439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5832196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047048277","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01140.x","title":"Reconstruction of late Quaternary sea‐level change in southwestern British Columbia from sediments in isolation basins","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Holocene; Sea level; Pleistocene; Deglaciation; Oceanography; Quaternary; Post-glacial rebound; Tectonic uplift; Glacial period; Paleontology; Physical geography; Structural basin; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03654112954895522,"gpt":0.2425651117086676,"spread":0.2060239821597123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000182006,0.00005190714,0.0001420037,0.00007230326,0.00003784401,0.00002233019,0.00008893727,0.000130872,0.0008381513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001706053,0.00007333435,0.00002020621,0.0001519673,0.00008902064,0.0001920639,0.000008364239,0.0001408654,0.00006745396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003337417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004336032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6471216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9722176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992182,0.00009994434,0.0001983549,0.0001806158,0.0001010029,0.0002019216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997501,0.00004763992,0.00005655361,0.00008470449,0.00001791517,0.00004307807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003810801,0.00002351049,0.9926906,0.000007102371,0.000006098262,0.00006982194,0.0003455779,0.00007251105,0.000004715819,9.40461e-7,0.000005083728,0.006735993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000813277,0.00004782106,0.9958522,0.00007551373,0.000002974968,0.00004346436,0.00004508385,0.0009296723,0.00001034778,0.002103487,0.000008000106,0.00006809694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982593,0.0001645879,0.000005363697,0.0001261836,0.0001615891,0.0001538796,0.0004665594,0.00000943037,0.0006530976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990765,0.0000497411,0.0002955798,0.00006372705,0.0000289808,0.000002785455,0.0004212964,0.000001868478,0.00005948311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.325096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9177169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1513520252","doi":"10.1111/bor.12110","title":"Pattern and chronology of glacial <scp>L</scp>ake <scp>P</scp>eace shorelines and implications for isostacy and ice‐sheet configuration in northeastern <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia, <scp>C</scp>anada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of the Fraser Valley; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Shore; Deglaciation; Glacial period; Ice sheet; Post-glacial rebound; Physical geography; Glacial lake; Geomorphology; Elevation (ballistics); Digital elevation model; Ice field; Oceanography; Glacier; Remote sensing; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02547341110985872,"gpt":0.257351255970024,"spread":0.2318778448601653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001473533,0.0008154474,0.001336315,0.0006323375,0.0007008753,0.0003147675,0.0008066054,0.001112043,0.00002582744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0075397,0.0008634193,0.0001736742,0.0007040568,0.001637339,0.0007909705,0.0002185214,0.0009468638,0.00009097559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002304934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006607444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009188747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1790139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993766,0.0007291411,0.0013232,0.001637627,0.0006103248,0.00193369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875351,0.00938397,0.0006514178,0.0008111199,0.0006302959,0.000988096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001345838,0.0001545792,0.972428,0.000259164,0.0001446952,0.00008089019,0.003654965,0.0000889377,0.0001475641,0.0002729205,0.0172055,0.00554935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003501237,0.0009275522,0.933504,0.0001075448,0.0001643867,0.0008904457,0.007418657,0.003132206,0.0003837145,0.003648733,0.04621087,0.0001106474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739512,0.01039539,0.0003498517,0.0006693367,0.000523257,0.001714606,0.001737014,0.0001229664,0.01053644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918509,0.001947886,0.0004141755,0.0006283845,0.0004172597,0.0001392951,0.0022554,0.00005241828,0.002294304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1698252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1762300862","doi":"10.1111/bor.12056","title":"Holocene fire disturbance in the boreal forest of central <scp>S</scp>weden","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of British Columbia; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"","keywords":"Boreal; Disturbance (geology); Vegetation (pathology); Taiga; Holocene; Environmental science; Fire regime; Physical geography; Climate change; Flammability; Permafrost; Fire ecology; Charcoal; Ecology; Geology; Global warming; Climatology; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Geography; Geomorphology; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005573591439140142,"gpt":0.1928217033973644,"spread":0.1872481119582243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002415666,0.0001437145,0.0001756726,0.00001492501,0.00004740919,0.00003279772,0.0005168756,0.00006781238,0.00006699717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001512392,0.00009609503,0.00005847752,0.0002478471,0.0001607503,0.0002180034,0.00009508996,0.0001252597,0.0002896407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009573386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009564087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03109689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001940332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986387,0.000108563,0.0002342133,0.0002440016,0.0003522919,0.0004221955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999148,0.0002432169,0.0001048557,0.0004154404,0.000006360557,0.00008218591],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002018322,0.0001042985,0.9497956,0.00001753215,0.000004369505,0.00001098388,0.0007147602,0.00006624079,0.0001270904,0.0001395639,0.04442821,0.004589346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000225229,0.00005546751,0.9922546,0.00002464831,0.000004891006,0.00001101895,0.0001502386,0.003446285,0.0002736551,0.0002496247,0.003255201,0.00004921349],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649997,0.0001059954,0.00001200354,0.0002198269,0.00009470317,0.0005506247,0.00001819851,0.00002315044,0.03397581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992328,0.00001029377,0.00008022731,0.0001357175,0.00005652276,0.0000843294,0.00001995394,0.0000146883,0.0003654871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04245894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9753551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104973040","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00169.x","title":"New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen‐isotope records of lake‐sediment cellulose","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Holocene; Geology; Oceanography; Isotopes of oxygen; Atmospheric circulation; Northern Hemisphere; Westerlies; Transect; Precipitation; Paleoclimatology; Climatology; Climate change; Physical geography; Geography; Geochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009160705346759385,"gpt":0.2214761728206844,"spread":0.212315467473925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001559031,0.0001380198,0.0002377647,0.00004345418,0.00006511017,0.00001578631,0.0002330046,0.0002562489,0.002301556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005836612,0.0001225515,0.00004722851,0.0003138479,0.0001356636,0.000137183,0.00002071514,0.0003533533,0.00009964061],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006060575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001827965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03082131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4647042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987817,0.0001129356,0.0002883497,0.0002804203,0.0001890366,0.0003475985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999297,0.0001353489,0.00009443863,0.0002441928,0.00003963885,0.0001893541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001106621,0.00003393733,0.9925532,0.000009777136,0.00001627766,0.00002943734,0.0003798805,0.0002545384,0.00003961716,0.0002822431,0.00008388034,0.006206547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005534723,0.00006948625,0.965243,0.00001343585,0.00001030327,0.000006362049,0.00005023897,0.02928719,0.000113295,0.00420676,0.0003204546,0.0001260377],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938635,0.000299716,0.0001465239,0.0001943583,0.0005596225,0.0002034426,0.00002650077,0.00002020354,0.004686171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962091,0.00005460167,0.0025086,0.00003646771,0.00007334863,0.000001573277,0.0009710031,0.000003820426,0.0001414772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4338829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097926289","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01432.x","title":"Laurentide and Cordilleran fast ice flow: some sedimentological evidence from Wisconsinan subglacial till and its substrate","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Ice sheet; Geomorphology; Seabed gouging by ice; Ice stream; Paleontology; Sea ice; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03509810495756092,"gpt":0.2274851957224327,"spread":0.1923870907648718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001537137,0.0001279553,0.000174644,0.0000106532,0.0002470616,0.00006934551,0.00006267253,0.00005203397,0.0008261019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001492024,0.00009927022,0.00002454899,0.00009352172,0.0001103724,0.0002368025,0.00001194195,0.00008146565,0.00003189476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002369382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002693609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002037259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008809275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991449,0.00007135703,0.0001480035,0.0002771048,0.0001375476,0.0002210667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994358,0.0002696652,0.00004472812,0.00009102328,0.00003064515,0.0001281413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000501679,0.00001340471,0.991,0.000007229506,0.00002652138,0.00002545784,0.0003512879,0.00005929474,0.00004229147,0.0004684133,0.00109699,0.006858929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002505129,0.00006460955,0.9887346,0.0000222849,0.00002722373,0.000009612708,0.0002621379,0.002372799,0.0000366057,0.0005715132,0.007506856,0.0001412222],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848244,0.0131805,0.00002252878,0.0004212694,0.0002247635,0.0001212427,0.0001027424,0.00002565232,0.001076934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973941,0.001345392,0.00073863,0.0002377284,0.00009080214,0.000001374886,0.00004582632,0.000002398606,0.0001437832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0125697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9045237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136824231","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00141.x","title":"Source, timing, frequency and flux of ice‐rafted detritus to the Northeast Atlantic margin, 30–12 ka: testing the Heinrich precursor hypothesis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; MacEwan University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Detritus; Geology; Flux (metallurgy); Oceanography; Hydrography; Ice sheet; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03046379346814345,"gpt":0.2280113251357208,"spread":0.1975475316675774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007586567,0.0001442634,0.0001949941,0.00008266279,0.000439249,0.00003708782,0.0004602417,0.0001276082,0.0008842495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001463534,0.00007867846,0.00003954618,0.0003409826,0.0004021825,0.0000559004,0.00003883701,0.000405723,0.000353197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.1887e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007251329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003269946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03682902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986906,0.0001973792,0.0002087794,0.0002583255,0.0002124908,0.0004324361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971323,0.002185432,0.00008117681,0.0003704098,0.00009324357,0.0001374444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002588285,0.00001372138,0.9911827,0.00001769133,0.00002419473,0.000007505558,0.0002967975,0.0000301005,0.00006363807,0.0000397878,0.0004469187,0.007851046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001455802,0.00009804625,0.9953175,0.00001426992,0.00003247281,0.0001449974,0.0000991823,0.001111551,0.00004383797,0.0003814807,0.002508229,0.0001028266],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851766,0.0005107949,0.00001506633,0.001891528,0.0001175809,0.0003288428,0.00002856064,0.00002680261,0.01190423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982759,0.00001681016,0.0009743167,0.0002026642,0.00009307497,0.000007061184,0.00002149349,0.000004862575,0.0004037686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03355907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9807463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060810388","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2002.tb01064.x","title":"Morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for Allerød and Younger Dryas age glacier fluctuations of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, British Columbia, Canada and Northwest Washington, U.S.A.","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Younger Dryas; Deglaciation; Radiocarbon dating; Chronology; Glacier; Ice sheet; Moraine; Paleontology; Palynology; Physical geography; Glacial period; Oceanography; Pollen; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03000038421944688,"gpt":0.2206577887826367,"spread":0.1906574045631898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002414759,0.00007817788,0.0001657699,0.00001994673,0.0004355909,0.00008647191,0.0001401604,0.00008631562,0.0004245655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002074824,0.00007645668,0.00002219787,0.0001312262,0.0006745289,0.0001413912,0.00001866122,0.0001365424,6.487737e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.4046e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008082417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.886476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9993134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991062,0.0001031854,0.0001610998,0.0002472851,0.0001406411,0.0002415465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990667,0.0005663835,0.00005758339,0.0001461014,0.00005942493,0.000103842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008702792,0.00000617079,0.9964895,0.00003062116,0.00001820428,0.00002497234,0.00009893438,0.000007113761,0.000005661127,0.000010753,0.001492699,0.001806662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002447042,0.0000743768,0.9974555,0.00002855467,0.00002453047,0.0002258615,0.00006909528,0.0009213482,0.000001166082,0.0003810482,0.0004845342,0.00008931099],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932996,0.004742605,0.000001445269,0.0006957679,0.00007170744,0.0003049104,0.0002823856,0.000006182163,0.0005954116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978241,0.0009687846,0.0001227801,0.0002522516,0.00001506129,0.000005887732,0.00003841078,0.000002008273,0.0007706984],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1128374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4648694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997143809","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01084.x","title":"Seasonal and interannual variability of Siberian river discharge in the Laptev Sea inferred from stable isotopes in modern bivalves","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"Oceanography; Geology; Salinity; Discharge; Hydrography; δ13C; Isotopes of oxygen; δ18O; Stable isotope ratio; Water mass; Seasonality; Drainage basin; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009114897667593876,"gpt":0.227430313542581,"spread":0.2183154158749871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004162613,0.0001125191,0.0001658321,0.00001470872,0.00004066681,0.00001635402,0.0001335469,0.0000374572,0.0003513196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001541596,0.00007131279,0.00003555225,0.0001314886,0.0002166316,0.000155164,0.0001336403,0.000108758,0.000006981732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002912907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009511822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008078187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009221331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990537,0.0002030808,0.0001702864,0.0002279283,0.0001782729,0.000166776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996367,0.0001174163,0.00003842101,0.0001694868,0.000005816618,0.000032233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002330132,0.000131419,0.9904867,0.000006607871,0.00001012504,0.000001381467,0.005771383,0.00002139225,0.000438319,0.0009385396,0.0004791549,0.001691668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003534776,0.00001646537,0.9788241,0.00001328831,0.000007602661,7.306846e-7,0.0004731836,0.0002049153,0.0001099213,0.01147092,0.008429905,0.00009544887],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9732767,0.00007939909,0.00007128539,0.000272835,0.0000229234,0.0001778145,0.00008920799,0.000005346953,0.02600444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992377,0.00002503779,0.0004435994,0.00009971589,0.00001388428,0.00001587607,0.00001613719,0.000004430293,0.0001436831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02596088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110322761","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00173.x","title":"Chironomids as indicators of the Holocene climatic and environmental history of two lakes in Northeast Greenland","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Holocene; Geology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006764282921601583,"gpt":0.2019372305891855,"spread":0.1951729476675839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002440848,0.00006097362,0.0001351064,0.00008066281,0.00002959552,0.000001206862,0.0001545741,0.000068931,0.0006571024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003097252,0.00004117344,0.00002257385,0.00006323257,0.0008541779,0.00003579289,0.00001889641,0.00019857,0.00001512302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001188603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006713141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009499314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01071556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994376,0.00007958076,0.0001462944,0.000108572,0.00008912451,0.0001388285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996226,0.00009957355,0.00007357122,0.000153973,0.00000280797,0.00004742661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000263147,0.00002131099,0.9981789,0.00001300068,0.000005899863,0.00000272819,0.0002911026,0.000004901441,0.00002681778,0.00007500203,0.00001432994,0.001339715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003005167,0.00004060535,0.9989023,0.000005388439,0.000006476701,0.00003244741,0.00006101024,0.0001530207,0.00005480106,0.0002643738,0.0001381686,0.00004085555],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912332,0.0004758829,1.208405e-7,0.0000823301,0.00009960859,0.00008745377,0.00003471633,0.000002184454,0.007984469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997408,0.00003166678,0.00003714634,0.00002531261,0.000009172154,7.654887e-7,0.00002756778,0.000001278207,0.0001262854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009765626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.719481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133014795","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01211.x","title":"10Be dating of Younger Dryas Salpausselkä I formation in Finland","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Younger Dryas; Geology; Physical geography; Allerød oscillation; Surface exposure dating; Post-glacial rebound; Latitude; Erosion; Elevation (ballistics); Glacial period; Paleontology; Moraine; Geodesy; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01550043866272351,"gpt":0.2343612351979223,"spread":0.2188607965351988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002616273,0.00005119929,0.0001050838,0.0000637706,0.00004683827,0.0000063183,0.0001008527,0.00007150583,0.009097619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003361386,0.0000419042,0.00001677834,0.0001440733,0.00006878361,0.0002032266,0.000003258235,0.0001059667,0.0005458266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.444216e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001747855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001021641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00540805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993778,0.00008603459,0.0001584194,0.00009418183,0.00009393291,0.0001896534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997061,0.000121785,0.00002859492,0.00009387182,0.00001503402,0.00003463931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004599289,0.000008102942,0.990692,0.00001450153,0.000002897184,0.00001409982,0.0001735676,0.0001922724,0.000006118077,0.00006364007,0.0003019079,0.008484887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002182957,0.00004006675,0.9940242,0.00001212787,0.000002592381,0.00004545383,0.00004896387,0.003537787,0.00009310521,0.0005485628,0.001380553,0.00004833778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8981313,0.0002061784,0.000004343399,0.0002055656,0.00002452588,0.00006405792,0.00001530491,0.000006594977,0.1013421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998974,0.00006246424,0.0002018236,0.00008047324,0.00001518602,7.610083e-7,0.0001516751,8.670763e-7,0.0005126949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1008427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9918082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1670832794","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00163.x","title":"Early Weichselian (MIS 5d and 5c) temperatures and environmental changes in northern Fennoscandia as recorded by chironomids and macroremains at Sokli, northeast Finland","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Eemian; Stadial; Holocene; Geology; Physical geography; Paleolimnology; Lithology; Fluvial; Sediment; Quaternary; Oceanography; Paleontology; Structural basin; Geography; Interglacial","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004407769372220369,"gpt":0.1860214610839052,"spread":0.1816136917116848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002217147,0.000178896,0.0002111373,0.00009158021,0.0002781046,0.00004766461,0.00009641364,0.0001932352,0.0005535886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002118445,0.0001466149,0.00001518644,0.00005765472,0.0005516499,0.00008126524,0.00003351601,0.0003363733,0.00005851048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001556679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002013757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003315826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4544108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989301,0.00009252521,0.0001238278,0.0003789369,0.00009619851,0.0003784086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994574,0.0001254794,0.00003971677,0.0001432464,0.000004965458,0.0002291832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000135565,0.00001501153,0.9967494,0.00001133882,0.000013701,0.00003827845,0.0005137605,2.810643e-7,0.0002896635,0.000006081531,0.0001114015,0.002115518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006522764,0.0001776479,0.9964809,0.000007103708,0.000008687022,0.0002382249,0.0001592951,0.0000808895,0.00007616268,0.0001134957,0.001832015,0.0001733316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957821,0.001360999,4.909441e-8,0.000726362,0.00007848356,0.0001953587,0.00028632,0.00001052265,0.001559804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981555,0.0006351516,0.00004439557,0.0001176687,0.00004862538,0.000004732163,0.00030367,0.000005494159,0.0006847901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.451095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6061407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046263224","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00074.x","title":"Genesis of hummocks in glaciofluvial corridors near the Keewatin Ice Divide, Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Meltwater; Moraine; Geomorphology; Outwash plain; Glacier; Ice stream; Drumlin; Ice sheet; Oceanography; Cryosphere; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01121721431242288,"gpt":0.2148928241216975,"spread":0.2036756098092747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000330122,0.00007866391,0.0001469013,0.00003308838,0.0001766226,0.00001267102,0.0002810653,0.00006811995,0.0006667991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001111645,0.00005282983,0.00002621481,0.0002100723,0.0002044198,0.00004045746,0.000008005217,0.0001637091,0.00003210638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001508745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004250216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7225348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9701786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990296,0.0001695543,0.0001746181,0.0001402843,0.0001915445,0.0002943924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993793,0.0003035045,0.00004613932,0.0001790277,0.00002805218,0.00006393789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005182925,0.000008312628,0.9941203,0.000003523684,0.000004958903,0.0000365335,0.0001824839,0.0008208776,0.000002022543,0.00004018479,0.001477425,0.00325157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001652578,0.00005725651,0.9958122,0.000004753704,0.000004854413,0.00001643001,0.00007923423,0.00126441,0.00004249519,0.0005111836,0.001981401,0.00006050333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870731,0.0006064401,0.0000017065,0.001899193,0.0001076213,0.0001022574,0.00003125552,0.000006287709,0.0101721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992234,0.00002241675,0.00004461175,0.0004626559,0.00003001383,6.646692e-7,0.00004348715,9.6294e-7,0.0001718252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2476439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7300982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2975789259","doi":"10.1111/bor.12411","title":"Glaciation of the northern British Columbia continental shelf: the geomorphic evidence derived from multibeam bathymetric data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Continental shelf; Trough (economics); Moraine; Ice shelf; Glacier; Glacial period; Oceanography; Ice sheet; Continental margin; Last Glacial Maximum; Paleontology; Geomorphology; Sea ice; Cryosphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02814659067019772,"gpt":0.2279702685350609,"spread":0.1998236778648632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005454702,0.00006542504,0.0001556833,0.00001478507,0.0002104189,0.00007992669,0.001055935,0.00009410654,0.00595279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004812328,0.00005294758,0.00004394445,0.0002863861,0.000269887,0.0001904428,0.00008510709,0.0002100748,0.000472866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001181143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008338059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2516275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7897099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987314,0.0002986295,0.0001875906,0.0002776357,0.0002791408,0.0002255932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998172,0.0009217421,0.0001068287,0.0006842733,0.00007242049,0.00004270061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002134596,0.00001262356,0.9943851,0.000007506,0.0000249948,0.000004544775,0.00005348136,0.00003439116,0.00002139729,5.09419e-7,0.0004890215,0.004945092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002617648,0.00003581993,0.9946746,0.00003985142,0.00002024426,0.00002933239,0.00006869084,0.004324161,0.00001113555,0.00007006186,0.0003983792,0.00006592489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957567,0.001830215,0.000002303816,0.0003986101,0.0002433134,0.000341506,0.0005525094,0.00001209492,0.0008627438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982024,0.0001478759,0.00003695289,0.0001281657,0.00003982192,0.00000128506,0.0005288128,0.000002306947,0.0009123511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5380824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064434580","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01137.x","title":"Modelling of late Quaternary climate over Asia: a synthesis","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Quaternary; Geology; Last Glacial Maximum; Monsoon; Holocene; Glacial period; East Asian Monsoon; Interglacial; Climate change; Climate model; Temperature record; Glacier; Paleoclimatology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Geography; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02995218807193104,"gpt":0.2397178270462433,"spread":0.2097656389743122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000276822,0.00008504318,0.0001705247,0.00007382235,0.00009067987,0.000007649446,0.0001640655,0.0001044663,0.0007676868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000267368,0.00006862861,0.00005501522,0.0001040311,0.0001453531,0.00008825929,0.00001217084,0.0001247944,0.0003429656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.981269e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004316771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002424472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001172096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99915,0.00006519223,0.00016101,0.0001659653,0.0001370914,0.0003207597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995335,0.000159428,0.00005025859,0.0001593474,0.0000231336,0.00007431585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007521975,0.00001521216,0.9261655,0.00002446383,0.00001907032,0.00006476138,0.00006548146,0.07249942,0.00000336107,0.0007078878,0.000007832641,0.000351768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000393948,0.00009061481,0.9369519,0.00005904893,0.00002906505,0.00008274297,0.00004694883,0.04931635,0.000667215,0.01207541,0.0001271905,0.000159512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802284,0.0003891364,0.0001866474,0.0002892831,0.00006438782,0.00006656031,0.00004865239,0.00002414917,0.01870273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987967,0.0002127803,0.0008517994,0.00003471374,0.00002051496,0.000001262337,0.00002756029,0.000002323406,0.00005235512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02318308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8405631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123818259","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00066.x","title":"Climate‐driven changes in lake conditions during late MIS 3 and MIS 2: a high‐resolution geochemical record from Les Echets, France","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Stadial; Geology; Sediment; Productivity; Organic matter; Structural basin; Total organic carbon; Climate change; Biogenic silica; Oceanography; Paleontology; Glacial period; Physical geography; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01667448224839278,"gpt":0.2199401275908919,"spread":0.2032656453424992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000935669,0.0001080428,0.0001818576,0.00008696034,0.0002832202,0.000009418631,0.0001074405,0.0001935344,0.001496833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005953464,0.0001013771,0.00002269295,0.0001132573,0.0003092953,0.00007820813,0.00001263227,0.0002480543,0.0001195534],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001243572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001837838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003425557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1889963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990219,0.0001077406,0.0001325422,0.0002728522,0.00009859789,0.0003663759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999497,0.0002206161,0.00003994506,0.0001247167,0.00002153863,0.00009620823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007290737,0.00001531681,0.9989983,0.00001508667,0.000009886714,0.0001385948,0.0002023067,0.00004486828,0.0001462045,0.0000124858,0.000100212,0.0002438578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004596713,0.00003585813,0.9966436,0.00003254136,0.000006572549,0.00006443889,0.00004105286,0.001308662,0.0003121204,0.0002303467,0.0007509125,0.0001142036],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961669,0.0008818324,0.000001401752,0.001005755,0.00006350349,0.0001047927,0.00076694,0.00003624145,0.000972615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971906,0.001228098,0.0004124148,0.00006290853,0.00006268705,0.000005823125,0.0009176009,0.000002666922,0.0001172254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1855707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240435341","doi":"10.1080/03009480410001299","title":"Reconstruction of late Quaternary sea-level change in southwestern British Columbia from sediments in isolation basins","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Quaternary; Oceanography; Physical geography; Paleontology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03648899154756693,"gpt":0.2420944673925486,"spread":0.2056054758449816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001819926,0.0000518889,0.0001419855,0.00007218272,0.00003772234,0.00002239853,0.00008915577,0.0001306852,0.0008343972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001675188,0.00007330188,0.00002020916,0.0001518347,0.00008899358,0.000195013,0.000008372366,0.0001407799,0.00006856368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003361295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004378497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6378897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9721646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992183,0.00009989734,0.0001985435,0.0001804778,0.0001008958,0.0002018778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997499,0.000048003,0.00005654082,0.00008476719,0.00001774158,0.00004306897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003828925,0.00002349473,0.9923968,0.000007129912,0.000006105158,0.00006955078,0.0003509601,0.00007229756,0.000004763767,8.940237e-7,0.000005059509,0.007024645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008162988,0.00004803615,0.9959126,0.00007664733,0.00000297817,0.00004382601,0.00004599088,0.0009266143,0.00001043283,0.002040986,0.00000754041,0.00006806712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982746,0.000166303,0.00000543547,0.0001274534,0.0001600299,0.0001542577,0.0004545678,0.000009436206,0.000647905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990699,0.00004953645,0.0003089224,0.00006373674,0.00002847768,0.000002794839,0.0004151639,0.0000018674,0.00005965872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3342749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9136065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1539894267","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00227.x","title":"The deglacial to postglacial marine environments of<scp>SE</scp><scp>B</scp>arrow<scp>S</scp>trait,<scp>C</scp>anadian<scp>A</scp>rctic<scp>A</scp>rchipelago","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; MacEwan University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Foraminifera; Oceanography; Holocene; Deglaciation; Benthic zone","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02277606425063006,"gpt":0.2282116620780089,"spread":0.2054355978273789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004950719,0.002956891,0.003181219,0.001768575,0.003577859,0.0007003749,0.00591265,0.003085956,0.0005336319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02382967,0.002653695,0.001491077,0.002749546,0.004064274,0.001363465,0.001314256,0.004322858,0.009929399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001349563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001667687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009422755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04174806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9785345,0.00290906,0.003254629,0.003959808,0.003474467,0.007867564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.966989,0.02307414,0.001694822,0.003486314,0.0005930531,0.004162619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006500206,0.0007072515,0.8904869,0.0002459182,0.001079745,0.001144481,0.01528279,0.0001954986,0.0003480629,0.001755488,0.08649885,0.002190033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002935958,0.001546616,0.654654,0.0001311756,0.000582631,0.0009357603,0.01077863,0.0006467591,0.002729975,0.005870292,0.3189308,0.0002574363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.81262,0.003795384,0.0001316617,0.0003179618,0.003295257,0.002869027,0.001895373,0.0004190265,0.1746563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453846,0.002003049,0.001770152,0.002215374,0.00213459,0.0002839036,0.002845683,0.0003160606,0.04304662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2358329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1906273961","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00210.x","title":"Peatland dynamics in a complex landscape: Development of a fen-bog complex in the Sporadic Discontinuous Permafrost zone of northern Alberta, Canada","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Bog; Peat; Geology; Physical geography; Wetland; Earth science; Geomorphology; Archaeology; Oceanography; Ecology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04231718121214829,"gpt":0.2133920197556536,"spread":0.1710748385435054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002033991,0.000137704,0.0002811076,0.00007665588,0.00004767052,0.000009653971,0.0002882922,0.00003799904,0.001507233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001080082,0.00009448461,0.00003036434,0.0002382434,0.00007278137,0.00004822746,0.0000153501,0.00009133643,0.000005473754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002044813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002235453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9730312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989007,0.00005802013,0.0003852034,0.0001581733,0.0002360072,0.0002619532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951,0.00009068734,0.0001291031,0.000185388,0.00002777258,0.00005707657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007153174,0.00005494694,0.9882644,0.00003505783,0.000008442622,0.00003729257,0.009447152,0.00001373786,0.00001503164,0.00001944223,0.0002901277,0.001742813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004421489,0.00003573683,0.9889858,0.00003234183,0.000006987184,0.00001832409,0.005605665,0.00332447,0.00000631139,0.0000154168,0.001400785,0.0001260062],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861487,0.000119692,0.000002132023,0.0001228257,0.00003441284,0.0001885051,0.003324387,0.00000240689,0.01005701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899003,0.00001493967,0.0000827919,0.00009309647,0.00001708142,0.000001564045,0.00983317,0.000004222448,0.00005286251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02689491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217695875","doi":"10.1111/bor.12571","title":"Patterns of ice recession and ice stream activity for the MIS 2 Laurentide Ice Sheet in Manitoba, Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Manitoba Hydro; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Younger Dryas; Ice sheet; Deglaciation; Wisconsin glaciation; Oceanography; Ice stream; Moraine; Glacial period; Arctic ice pack; Ice core; Physical geography; Cryosphere; Arctic; Sea ice; Paleontology; Holocene; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02322970479778124,"gpt":0.2427318592933901,"spread":0.2195021544956088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002520603,0.0000698106,0.0001308879,0.00002318449,0.0001161481,0.00001091046,0.0001284072,0.00006719556,0.0003072608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001581235,0.0000488695,0.0000189654,0.0001001537,0.00004890784,0.00005838216,0.00001439932,0.0001445304,0.000002044524],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001740384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002248415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7090435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9979187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992346,0.0001524552,0.0001015761,0.0001752338,0.0001206803,0.0002154732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998499,0.001207963,0.0000432866,0.0001501428,0.00004571001,0.00005388915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007080478,0.00001355581,0.9930862,0.00005113995,0.00001399621,0.00003332668,0.00005493164,0.00004999179,0.00001391839,0.00001106902,0.0005910077,0.006010092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002386197,0.00002464773,0.9955555,0.00002257656,0.00001174583,0.00002152064,0.0005555103,0.0009812947,0.0006675891,0.00007796834,0.001788061,0.0000550197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956156,0.0009532808,0.0000132791,0.001586503,0.0001260156,0.0001238673,0.0002334744,0.000003397359,0.001344566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993226,0.0001751866,0.00004167173,0.0001165496,0.00002376426,0.000002945044,0.0001168895,0.000001400913,0.0001989718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2888753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3364291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248672056","doi":"10.1080/03009480310001155","title":"The Dubawnt Lake palaeo-ice stream: evidence for dynamic ice sheet behaviour on the Canadian Shield and insights regarding the controls on ice-stream location and vigour","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Reading; Quaternary Research Association","keywords":"Geology; Ice stream; Ice sheet; Bedrock; Ice divide; Geomorphology; Deglaciation; Ice shelf; Antarctic sea ice; Pressure ridge; Fast ice; Glacial period; Arctic ice pack; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03218507214233474,"gpt":0.2675728297664096,"spread":0.2353877576240748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001057459,0.0001516279,0.0001396041,0.00005514079,0.001663071,0.0001551337,0.0002570302,0.0001430628,0.00005656185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009471959,0.0000730834,0.00003173862,0.0001384666,0.0003743187,0.00009661238,0.000008350367,0.0003308275,0.00002480837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005439354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002126246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01715458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9576707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985353,0.000428472,0.000153392,0.0002888217,0.0001812801,0.0004127768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953921,0.003993938,0.00006891457,0.0003166562,0.00007354273,0.0001548543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001349538,0.000007764465,0.9928668,0.000009398469,0.00002611917,0.00001201019,0.000445984,0.0001203732,0.000001312806,0.004596098,0.0004881445,0.001291043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003522401,0.0002644456,0.988528,0.00007027917,0.0000458429,0.00006152107,0.0007999758,0.003477147,0.00002284834,0.002012499,0.004236723,0.0001285078],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740477,0.001792176,0.000006356352,0.01680823,0.0001319362,0.0007259821,0.00006617784,0.00001274164,0.006408687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980267,0.0003639173,0.0000137756,0.001158695,0.00002603603,0.00002801069,0.00004445932,0.000003820268,0.0003345675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9405162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059150726","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00043.x","title":"Late Wisconsinan glacial landsystems on Atlantic Canadian shelves: New evidence from multibeam and single‐beam sonar data","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Dartmouth College","keywords":"Geology; Moraine; Oceanography; Ice sheet; Drumlin; Ice shelf; Bay; Glacial period; Fjord; Ice stream; Geomorphology; Sea ice; Paleontology; Cryosphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07161028107224747,"gpt":0.2663377466325864,"spread":0.1947274655603389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002972273,0.0001487717,0.0002204554,0.0001026442,0.0002343863,0.00007764592,0.0004294681,0.0001631471,0.0003924271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000174436,0.0001224434,0.000018336,0.0001183604,0.0001359652,0.0002423991,0.0000176013,0.0002203169,0.0004172182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002614366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003003087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4932589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9056981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986142,0.000127857,0.0001638478,0.0004518704,0.0001697946,0.0004724634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986637,0.0003773911,0.00004283901,0.0004471508,0.00001910731,0.0004498398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008079019,0.000008580516,0.9911005,0.000005073956,0.00001350586,0.0001898833,0.0001696223,0.0000285046,0.00001560676,0.00001119417,0.002473993,0.005902693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002970106,0.0002477877,0.9927503,0.000115111,0.00001820919,0.00006775944,0.0000384208,0.003175516,0.00001039101,0.0003973475,0.002725975,0.0001561244],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990819,0.001797239,0.000005910424,0.003225937,0.0001631115,0.0001692289,0.000177013,0.00003105772,0.003611489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977673,0.0001492692,0.0002576363,0.0004752913,0.0002103471,2.193127e-7,0.0008188708,0.000002487519,0.0003185216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4124391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5362635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144530507","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01116.x","title":"The environment in and around ice-dammed lakes in the moderately high relief setting of the southern Canadian Cordillera","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Geology; Turbidity current; Sedimentary depositional environment; Glacial period; Sediment; Plateau (mathematics); Shelf ice; Ice sheet; Debris; Tributary; Glacial lake; Geomorphology; Moraine; Structural basin; Oceanography; Ice stream; Sea ice; Cryosphere","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01579956958347974,"gpt":0.1960313939194699,"spread":0.1802318243359901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005632205,0.00006702343,0.00009394587,0.00003581479,0.0004000542,0.00001286553,0.0002483224,0.00006755541,0.00008183204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005832729,0.00003171118,0.00001639665,0.0001031731,0.0003726649,0.00002710231,0.00001090719,0.0002373968,0.00002789861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001924908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009804738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1706778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9075111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989918,0.0003388776,0.0001319398,0.000119461,0.0001335262,0.0002843525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992719,0.0004632155,0.0000346788,0.0001790904,0.000006551325,0.00004459639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000195061,0.00000580372,0.9962505,0.000002243128,0.00000473974,0.00002358936,0.002459716,0.0006066721,6.799648e-7,0.00005635505,0.00007033853,0.000499829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001559811,0.00001779365,0.9950559,0.000006319372,0.000001905461,0.00004547524,0.001514915,0.002018991,0.00000403044,0.0007317533,0.0004067513,0.00004020722],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880614,0.0008122493,2.065813e-7,0.006463982,0.00003024882,0.0001653172,0.00002826787,0.000001792427,0.004436499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992908,0.0002752707,0.000009858459,0.0002566512,0.00001134599,0.00000316277,0.00001381637,0.000001331756,0.0001378002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7368333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8348448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997103760","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01207.x","title":"Carbonate dispersal trains, secondary till plumes, and ice streams in the west Foxe Sector, Laurentide Ice Sheet","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Ice sheet; Glacial period; Ice stream; Seabed gouging by ice; Biological dispersal; Oceanography; Geomorphology; STREAMS; Sea ice; Cryosphere; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01150219317265884,"gpt":0.1984199919633243,"spread":0.1869177987906655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001556123,0.000125195,0.0001307867,0.00001386939,0.000168931,0.00006495451,0.0001614342,0.00004126074,0.003351378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001546984,0.00008446461,0.00003587484,0.0002072904,0.00008664329,0.000126877,0.000007238369,0.0001416866,0.00003073757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004085286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003643073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04229593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2485503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991748,0.00005284628,0.0001488526,0.0002131276,0.0001640095,0.0002463744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995956,0.000146333,0.00002702724,0.0001575419,0.00001087018,0.0000626365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004537129,0.00004511918,0.750969,0.00001900599,0.00003559598,0.0000467245,0.003976745,0.0004829435,0.000002205667,0.0001980931,0.01021494,0.2339642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002628172,0.00003777259,0.8573752,0.000008651769,0.00001362433,0.000009529196,0.001153349,0.003259664,3.964019e-7,0.0001103664,0.1376616,0.0001070237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9403592,0.003577159,9.514897e-7,0.001036632,0.0001022887,0.0001495129,0.0003376825,0.00002428519,0.05441228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974714,0.0006674842,0.00008205465,0.0007436912,0.0001569532,0.000002979108,0.0002259578,0.00000395389,0.0006455565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2338572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1583970298","doi":"10.1111/bor.12100","title":"Refining the pattern and style of <scp>C</scp>ordilleran <scp>I</scp>ce <scp>S</scp>heet retreat: palaeogeography, evolution and implications of lateglacial ice‐dammed lake systems on the southern <scp>F</scp>raser <scp>P</scp>lateau, <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia, <scp>C</scp>anada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Geological Society of America","keywords":"Geology; Geomorphology; Moraine; Ice sheet; Ice stream; Paleontology; Physical geography; Glacial period; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sea ice","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01251370126204479,"gpt":0.2106114545472004,"spread":0.1980977532851556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008428507,0.003438337,0.004448185,0.002182911,0.004619841,0.001484777,0.004733392,0.00362689,0.00009927575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03005756,0.003000726,0.001577826,0.00444453,0.005185481,0.001565207,0.001086403,0.004951484,0.0009836874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001307943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001179376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02149159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07056732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9741426,0.006039322,0.004439725,0.004931757,0.003785387,0.006661272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9252831,0.06246265,0.003661016,0.004519436,0.001728483,0.002345292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001778743,0.0006764748,0.8959702,0.0009110349,0.001522267,0.0002138422,0.01200003,0.0008122086,0.0005783053,0.00115902,0.08440309,0.001735782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00570768,0.001827862,0.7711328,0.001107131,0.001341289,0.001226499,0.04855243,0.0041327,0.001096121,0.003119936,0.1604377,0.0003179076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.902235,0.01593501,0.0002858307,0.0003979918,0.001897022,0.003827279,0.006687912,0.0007458471,0.06798805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9747128,0.003327232,0.0002301217,0.001166627,0.001408139,0.0005874877,0.003761841,0.0004048955,0.01440085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1248374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141600087","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2001.tb01047.x","title":"A Holocene lacustrine record of environmental change in northeastern Prince of Wales Island, Nunavut, Canada","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Younger Dryas; Holocene; Pollen; Geology; Arctic; Vegetation (pathology); Physical geography; Oceanography; Period (music); Sediment; Sediment core; Climate change; Environmental change; Palynology; Archaeology; Geography; Paleontology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01878213422182673,"gpt":0.2193108791571736,"spread":0.2005287449353469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001261559,0.00007202706,0.0001726087,0.00005776007,0.00002173632,0.000001211079,0.0001458275,0.00005786162,0.001328943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001320136,0.00006034737,0.00001918899,0.0001076301,0.0001288133,0.00004350457,0.0000141899,0.0001016594,0.0000169964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000019306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007693996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.563162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9926411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992636,0.00006745101,0.0001776463,0.0001310068,0.0001363825,0.0002239296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996663,0.00007940822,0.00006287075,0.0001272714,0.000007307416,0.0000568806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001156914,0.0000271193,0.9945263,0.0000149583,0.000007298498,0.0001459744,0.0000680295,0.00001666392,0.000002764082,0.000004107135,0.00001727448,0.005053827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002931164,0.00007617065,0.9986069,0.00001394291,0.000003273345,0.00007923528,0.000060697,0.0003108079,0.00005334821,0.00002950862,0.0004168693,0.00005618562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958099,0.000526154,5.642856e-7,0.0002204456,0.00004632992,0.0001112706,0.0002048848,0.00000251584,0.003078002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993104,0.0003035968,0.00003084303,0.00004053454,0.00001852862,0.000001578404,0.0001001736,0.00000141186,0.0001928795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4294791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2467481415","doi":"10.1111/bor.12179","title":"Chronology and stratigraphy of the Magdalen Islands archipelago from the last glaciation to the early Holocene: new insights into the glacial and sea‐level history of eastern Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Archipelago; Geology; Glacial period; Chronology; Last Glacial Maximum; Paleontology; Holocene; Stratigraphy; Oceanography; Physical geography; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01424024356912294,"gpt":0.1915729437480267,"spread":0.1773327001789037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000201547,0.00008954269,0.0001269225,0.00002572535,0.0001496758,0.000007104907,0.0003713537,0.00007161502,0.0000732715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008465804,0.00003211608,0.00002502487,0.00008962366,0.0006437885,0.00004519841,0.00004132164,0.0001415791,0.000004102189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000033104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005276891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.539351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9849256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990306,0.0003172792,0.000148883,0.0001593425,0.0001746152,0.0001692557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989259,0.0006272915,0.00008630273,0.0002661156,0.0000352042,0.00005923702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007640178,0.000002759367,0.9839242,0.000003043008,0.00002884568,0.000001119719,0.004513806,0.00000210365,0.00001394299,0.0001818415,0.00179633,0.009455665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002425229,0.00007467621,0.9933794,0.00001214465,0.00001605871,0.000005469117,0.0002404055,0.00004572083,0.0000352336,0.001840228,0.004062109,0.00004603212],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989176,0.002814115,0.00001988948,0.006277896,0.0002006319,0.0001738236,0.00008908746,0.000002756117,0.001245765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992056,0.00009318707,0.00001655915,0.000344069,0.00007532513,0.000001538521,0.00001074159,0.000001605497,0.0002513755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4455746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4637164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2182489477","doi":"10.1111/bor.12164","title":"Using<scp>GIS</scp>and streamlined landforms to interpret palaeo‐ice flow in northern Iceland","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","keywords":"Drumlin; Landform; Geology; Glacial landform; Lineation; Geomorphology; Glacial period; Physical geography; Digital elevation model; Ice stream; Remote sensing; Paleontology; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Tectonics; Sea ice; Geography; Moraine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01879993911119449,"gpt":0.2502717805341057,"spread":0.2314718414229112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003139009,0.0001306937,0.0001932705,0.0001341617,0.0000872587,0.00002126029,0.0001857166,0.0001401124,0.0002025883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002967748,0.00007745875,0.00002702575,0.0001560102,0.000137196,0.0001125752,0.00002970208,0.0001314136,0.0004124555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002007799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005669271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002130612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2305217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988987,0.00009564916,0.0001696093,0.0002785014,0.0001270738,0.0004304296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990139,0.0005493346,0.00002443297,0.0001814449,0.00003408154,0.0001968348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000466454,0.00001125897,0.9938015,0.000008736288,0.00001242422,0.00007677064,0.0003537287,0.00006742952,0.00001461728,0.00001112387,0.0001581098,0.005437702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005386748,0.0001133701,0.9949399,0.00004439406,0.000006403444,0.00007294844,0.00008441083,0.001385914,0.00004824083,0.0007201316,0.001982506,0.00006315138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924748,0.0003121285,0.0001146103,0.0004579423,0.0001019537,0.0001523827,0.00007314012,0.00002299718,0.006290043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998871,0.00006058858,0.0003762718,0.0001865932,0.00004885585,0.000002180992,0.00004300589,0.000003547289,0.000407952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2283911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7835193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2520504391","doi":"10.1111/bor.12205","title":"Latitude matters: an examination of behavioural plasticity in dietary traits amongst extant and Pleistocene <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad","keywords":"Pleistocene; Tundra; Latitude; Extant taxon; Ecology; Taiga; Geography; Boreal; Biology; Arctic; Archaeology; Evolutionary biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03770013574149263,"gpt":0.2726313566371635,"spread":0.2349312208956709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003082866,0.00009839457,0.0001929546,0.00008521943,0.00009445837,0.000009434895,0.0001287701,0.0000926896,0.0000585884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007393463,0.00007512967,0.00002686485,0.0001038662,0.0005748322,0.0002913081,0.00003465953,0.00005769722,0.000001624978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004878703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005287829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001773271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989636,0.0001741538,0.0002152486,0.0002071739,0.0001893166,0.0002504896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995516,0.0001472658,0.00007958575,0.00006975594,0.0000403256,0.0001114497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001556715,0.000245361,0.9218267,0.00001421567,0.00001167524,0.00003128503,0.01082292,0.00000282527,0.008501452,0.006118239,0.0001162843,0.05215333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007255273,0.0001246177,0.9976002,0.00004401688,0.00001109294,0.000002063433,0.0003620042,0.00001970933,0.0004469596,0.0004116686,0.0001409305,0.0001111965],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997914,0.00003635727,0.0001205419,0.001052854,0.00004983038,0.0001791861,0.0000811155,0.00002210511,0.0005439733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993133,0.00004402898,0.000365274,0.0001093953,0.00005399119,0.00001492451,0.000007912248,0.000008238029,0.00008296582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1010668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9135308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2211544123","doi":"10.1111/bor.12151","title":"Linkages between spatio‐temporal patterns of environmental factors and distribution of plant assemblages across a boreal peatland complex","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Boreas","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Peat; Boreal; Bog; Sphagnum; Ecology; Water table; Environmental science; Testate amoebae; Vascular plant; Physical geography; Geology; Biology; Geography; Species richness; Groundwater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02840094357177494,"gpt":0.2558439860552461,"spread":0.2274430424834711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001818839,0.0001401331,0.0002771344,0.00001377506,0.00005021543,0.00001067898,0.0001218092,0.00008827988,0.00006076999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001844658,0.0001078508,0.0000419938,0.00003956747,0.0001985719,0.00009070601,0.0001768475,0.00006583348,0.0000025968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005848005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007350448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003996497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00131472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990404,0.00005157082,0.0002551221,0.0002061473,0.0002283698,0.0002184335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994788,0.00005809321,0.0001639883,0.0001452825,0.000004097951,0.0001497289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001732101,0.00006927388,0.9977115,0.000009733049,0.00001664683,0.000004321907,0.0004563812,0.000005357098,0.0003115145,0.000006706365,0.0007200607,0.0006711747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000646601,0.0002521323,0.9954561,0.00000796029,0.00002522987,0.000004491137,0.0003320627,0.00006655047,0.00105,0.00005953256,0.001982587,0.0001167242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940131,0.00001716755,0.0001585099,0.00004369034,0.00002160001,0.0001209757,0.005372563,0.00001116848,0.0002411755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920872,0.00002236005,0.00003463612,0.000006651946,0.00003263966,0.00000331083,0.007783171,0.000007542059,0.00002243969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002681777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6041535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}