{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"f86169ca1127","filters":{"venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies"}},"results":[{"id":"W2592538197","doi":"10.1515/bjals-2016-0016","title":"Investor-State Dispute Settlement and the Future of the Precautionary Principle","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"Agricultural safety and regulations","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Precautionary principle; Sovereignty; Investment (military); International trade; Scope (computer science); Business; Uncertainty; State (computer science); European union; International economics; Economics; Public economics; Economic policy; Political science; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Haydn Davies","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008697889591839276,"gpt":0.2186868702454752,"spread":0.2099889806536359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02567638,0.000375449,0.0007340138,0.001095653,0.006327488,0.01014266,0.002436886,0.01578281,0.008030775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03382881,0.0005037975,0.001384756,0.001027652,0.02503395,0.01026362,0.007249165,0.01256166,0.0006559091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00707607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008589638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005990489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004709246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9845686,0.006645413,0.0008076167,0.002110724,0.003393336,0.002474286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9699345,0.0209348,0.00283752,0.002726912,0.00271847,0.0008478457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004866177,0.000009010278,0.00008911231,0.000008206385,0.000002423541,0.00003622388,0.0002617728,0.0003015456,0.00004205748,0.9974512,0.0005032393,0.001290183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003158997,0.00003165904,0.0002911897,0.000125629,0.00001031629,0.00006511185,0.0003788261,0.00173254,0.0002876066,0.9706359,0.02638897,0.00002062448],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08476075,0.005766979,0.0680887,0.08732445,0.0006646928,0.0002035585,0.00006672869,0.00007316786,0.753051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638922,0.001086301,0.005921508,0.004928899,0.0004185455,0.0001767116,0.00002283831,0.00002460693,0.02352843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02567638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1357913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807483693","doi":"10.2478/bjals-2018-0006","title":"Acts of State, State Immunity, and Judicial Review in the United States","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Doctrine; Political science; Sovereign immunity; Alien Tort Statute; Statute; State immunity; Jurisdiction; Supreme court; State (computer science); Constitution; Common law; Qualified immunity; Tort; Liability","authors":[{"name":"Zia Akthar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02830028373899911,"gpt":0.3533581357669763,"spread":0.3250578520279772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03159792,0.0002755018,0.0008268771,0.005052698,0.006088033,0.01140919,0.001762062,0.01052427,0.003928492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05056692,0.0006627293,0.0006889557,0.0033552,0.007627603,0.003197355,0.003102776,0.00528587,0.0004392588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01488836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03295156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.102112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1605062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9743936,0.01013896,0.002225013,0.002041244,0.008061067,0.003140188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9102426,0.06023566,0.005248952,0.002305173,0.0195711,0.002396572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006270852,0.0000899508,0.003859043,0.0002523026,0.00007356401,0.001315427,0.003275699,0.002391736,0.0003716564,0.8794189,0.08169205,0.02719692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001575661,0.0001297948,0.01647403,0.001718832,0.0001951759,0.0004651345,0.003235513,0.007565303,0.001135549,0.2086178,0.7600475,0.0002577846],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1642277,0.1223349,0.008368384,0.1614594,0.005327173,0.0005402607,0.000748116,0.0002270118,0.536767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9066792,0.01831933,0.002536043,0.02771789,0.002559135,0.0002981478,0.0002153273,0.00003629313,0.04163861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.102112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2030354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1822363874","doi":"","title":"Admissibility frameworks and scientific evidence: controversies in relation to shaken baby syndrome / abusive head trauma","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shaken baby syndrome; Verdict; Scientific evidence; Criminology; Psychology; Law; Child abuse; Political science; Poison control; Suicide prevention; Medicine; Epistemology; Medical emergency; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Marika Linnéa Henneberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04344622052293529,"gpt":0.3378366281791877,"spread":0.2943904076562524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1823069,0.0007749426,0.002545893,0.01260917,0.01359899,0.02249434,0.008030973,0.04695376,0.002741207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3291189,0.001320619,0.002157169,0.008975663,0.1019824,0.02653499,0.0135375,0.04058097,0.0004497536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01703184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0218893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01173554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01311933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8523595,0.09630617,0.01378823,0.008458154,0.02523883,0.003849084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5085126,0.4566484,0.01276292,0.005147766,0.01407912,0.002849261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002224394,0.0000201417,0.0003563483,0.0003424602,0.00002628258,0.0006336454,0.003956645,0.0001901104,0.00005497573,0.969285,0.008480768,0.01663145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003044436,0.00003374147,0.0006070402,0.00268879,0.00003675598,0.0006190207,0.002678938,0.0003156032,0.00009543364,0.9447306,0.0481009,0.00006261939],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005302889,0.1187651,0.01022277,0.827234,0.003542835,0.00005076813,0.00004729583,0.00002261212,0.03481165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4500109,0.09925074,0.02700406,0.3896989,0.02901517,0.0004917842,0.0001245752,0.00007596906,0.004327997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.986401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9641426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594795538","doi":"10.1515/bjals-2016-0019","title":"The Two Noble Kinsmen: Internal and Legal Transparency in the WTO and Their Connection to Preferential and Regional Trade Agreements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"World Trade Organization Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); International trade; Negotiation; International trade law; International economics; Declaration; Business; Political science; Law and economics; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Maria Panezi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.023101931491536,"gpt":0.2989851440975537,"spread":0.2758832126060177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02132059,0.0002918705,0.0005187315,0.001733282,0.004849141,0.01629171,0.00109252,0.00691985,0.004168318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04260958,0.000492267,0.0006970598,0.001673814,0.04465769,0.01166618,0.008377462,0.01088095,0.0003030693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006254656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00567101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004403252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003271874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9671473,0.01933596,0.001339104,0.002297697,0.007428122,0.002451878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9458529,0.03821656,0.006617926,0.00418487,0.003507615,0.001620112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009407761,0.000005373253,0.0003115684,0.00001859161,0.000002865374,0.00005092126,0.002105612,0.0001305342,0.0000604083,0.9944073,0.0007596742,0.002137772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001802007,0.00002655552,0.00155098,0.0003501594,0.00001740722,0.0001876422,0.004388439,0.001157956,0.00048243,0.9429678,0.04880771,0.00004493144],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1046,0.006564439,0.08036481,0.1762985,0.001883224,0.0001399435,0.0001286655,0.0001021089,0.6299183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98344,0.0006875552,0.003565386,0.004077509,0.0003698522,0.00004994574,0.00001521563,0.00003322031,0.007761172],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02132059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1127554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883228411","doi":"10.2478/bjals-2019-0014","title":"“Felix Cohen Was the Blackstone of Federal Indian Law:” Taking the Comparison Seriously","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Appeal; Jurisprudence; Law; Scholarship; Politics; Legal history; Civil servant; Legal education; Common law; Political science; Servant; Sociology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Adrien Habermacher","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02593563018017501,"gpt":0.3256007071614473,"spread":0.2996650769812723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005629136,0.0002344633,0.000400528,0.002368285,0.01083003,0.007911912,0.0007537341,0.004583821,0.00326934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01330526,0.0001667612,0.0001736401,0.001575394,0.02054931,0.007273567,0.002461123,0.006030494,0.0002939616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0129042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007295937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04877765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05012049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995627,0.002015817,0.00006920065,0.000616273,0.0009046368,0.0007669993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928382,0.004594769,0.0003577218,0.0002948391,0.001384541,0.0005300365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002363793,0.00001013042,0.0007967746,0.00001956163,0.000004440584,0.00008055937,0.01299959,0.00004152679,0.00006134751,0.951708,0.02748675,0.006767741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001902603,0.00004249792,0.005073874,0.0005110274,0.0000190797,0.000307831,0.0306676,0.0002467429,0.0006132603,0.2197646,0.7426699,0.00006447543],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1020852,0.03018209,0.003240008,0.4640107,0.003050963,0.00002838423,0.00009309539,0.00004439188,0.3972652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9423615,0.003736571,0.0005480963,0.03215919,0.001143113,0.00002612618,0.00002071331,0.00003454094,0.0199701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04877765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09698743,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387976370","doi":"10.2478/bjals-2023-0011","title":"Magical Thinking and Appearance-based Recusal","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of American Legal Studies","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Impartiality; Precept; Jurisprudence; Law; Obligation; Norm (philosophy); Sociology; Moral obligation; Political science; Epistemology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Zygmont Pines","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03865647748839743,"gpt":0.3557058915749545,"spread":0.3170494140865571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009337509,0.0004488832,0.0003976778,0.002204236,0.004839431,0.008527942,0.001966693,0.0035074,0.004586641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01819412,0.0003239558,0.0004876549,0.0009001472,0.06812982,0.009995166,0.005322649,0.006870714,0.0004415487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004667767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002550938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00189281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002570397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9883343,0.007033655,0.000332533,0.001357461,0.002186808,0.0007552626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9858262,0.008772949,0.001494347,0.001547458,0.001940594,0.0004184134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007121775,0.000003745503,0.00008278428,0.00001331589,0.000001694189,0.00007447222,0.008301071,0.0000561611,0.00005181901,0.9890216,0.00072051,0.001665687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001595515,0.00001819904,0.0003011194,0.0001509072,0.00001045879,0.0002835616,0.01248524,0.0008824595,0.0005269642,0.9208533,0.06444473,0.00002707711],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1258715,0.002489258,0.08866046,0.04156812,0.00124344,0.00007776545,0.00005140879,0.0001662479,0.7398718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885575,0.0002376,0.003736115,0.00119502,0.0001421866,0.00001736789,0.00001067823,0.00004281059,0.006060795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009337509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04938209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}