{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":283,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":283,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cd5160f2685c","filters":{"venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2505860438","doi":"10.1007/s00128-016-1898-0","title":"A Review of Organophosphate Esters in the Environment from Biological Effects to Distribution and Fate","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Biota; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Abiotic component; Environmental chemistry; Organophosphate; Chemistry; Ecotoxicology; Fire retardant; Pollutant; Ecology; Organic chemistry; Pesticide; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Alana K. Greaves","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert J. Letcher","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0153699050223712,"gpt":0.2325461125261165,"spread":0.2171762075037453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003458542,0.0001943082,0.0007070221,0.00001159366,0.00003552154,0.000004966957,0.0001522662,0.0001819963,0.0005427467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009747767,0.00006694094,0.00008294341,0.00004266409,0.0001797419,0.00001056643,0.0001297806,0.00009641409,0.00002577116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004176374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002417906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002497466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009288111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985583,0.0004608206,0.0004310131,0.0003022322,0.0001063541,0.0001412848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985392,0.0009995395,0.0003439042,0.00006280291,0.000002591958,0.00005195906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001018273,0.0001427943,0.0003209023,0.001287669,0.0000205869,0.000008134549,0.00001707624,6.356302e-9,0.002403092,0.00005347221,0.0001860374,0.99555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001593035,0.0006084161,0.08024008,0.005576594,0.00008397132,0.000009035353,0.00001772982,6.428722e-8,0.0001574851,0.00003126134,0.9129722,0.0001438621],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05979887,0.9380443,0.00000555259,0.0007836167,0.00002890136,0.0008691196,0.0004421808,0.000002854536,0.00002464664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05760841,0.9413407,0.00001289023,0.0006991488,0.00001925521,0.00007701691,0.0002251005,0.000001173886,0.00001634087],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9954062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5942696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023226956","doi":"10.1007/s00128-008-9373-1","title":"Occurrence of Glyphosate in Surface Waters of Southern Ontario","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Glyphosate; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Biota; Water quality; Surface water; Pesticide; Biology; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Environmental engineering","authors":[{"name":"John Struger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dean G. Thompson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bozena Staznik","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pamela A. Martin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tana V. McDaniel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Marvin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01077117962185779,"gpt":0.1916881895794469,"spread":0.1809170099575891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001569014,0.0001320639,0.0003031788,0.00003342196,0.00004251077,8.303485e-7,0.0001085088,0.00007726406,0.008380795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009742036,0.0001281991,0.00004350588,0.0000359732,0.001029322,0.00002644551,0.0001857206,0.00009008466,0.00009568952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001486719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005474844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008884763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002801021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989392,0.00006357903,0.0004104874,0.0002252978,0.0001929915,0.0001684811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995484,0.00008030378,0.0002168592,0.0001098791,0.00000140666,0.00004315551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007552751,0.0003463094,0.8778422,0.0000137586,0.00001242675,0.0000090618,0.003066617,0.0002058391,0.1173094,0.00001138726,0.0001491259,0.0009583212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008246377,0.0003374766,0.9758046,0.00001309761,0.00001302059,0.00001261881,0.0006898083,0.00000989326,0.01908643,0.00002449759,0.00306599,0.000117889],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975408,0.0001079111,0.000009152064,0.00009597418,0.00002655159,0.0001727947,0.00007810568,0.000003195201,0.001965546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988571,0.0001289866,0.0002705589,0.00006419727,0.000001735762,0.00000517971,0.00001667266,0.000004532162,0.0006509731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09822292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108984738","doi":"10.1007/s00128-014-1453-9","title":"Heavy Metal Contamination in Street Dusts with Various Land Uses in Zahedan, Iran","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Pollution; Contamination; Heavy metals; Environmental chemistry; Enrichment factor; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Hossein Kamani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seyed Davoud Ashrafi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siavash Isazadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jalil Jaafari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Hoseini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ferdos Kord Mostafapour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edris Bazrafshan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shahrokh Nazmara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amir Hossein Mahvi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01714903686845839,"gpt":0.2301419812400057,"spread":0.2129929443715473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007686058,0.0002295996,0.0003650016,0.0001341752,0.00003683234,0.000009541552,0.0001460066,0.0001694509,0.001678024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006604566,0.0002170644,0.00002846031,0.00009818543,0.0005477485,0.0001057074,0.0001794372,0.000193348,0.0001083988],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005276904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001038918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006335248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003749375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980191,0.000334135,0.0004652408,0.000458324,0.0004025281,0.0003206993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993335,0.0001449694,0.0001781792,0.0001959844,0.000002185396,0.0001452011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002286915,0.000973903,0.9846061,0.00001049577,0.000014919,0.00007456154,0.0007839886,0.0008602809,0.00404358,0.0001596055,0.0001246279,0.008119215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003494098,0.0009860535,0.9774289,0.00001709304,0.00001971854,0.00003297952,0.0008429132,0.000206552,0.002694464,0.00006268016,0.01397123,0.0002433553],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941558,0.0001242815,0.00009218504,0.0005800991,0.00005726242,0.0005379662,0.00001425126,0.00001204269,0.004426152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982472,0.00007975165,0.0007208759,0.0003020742,0.00001016071,0.00006340318,0.00002479914,0.0000214733,0.000530281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0138466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3186676957","doi":"10.1007/s00128-021-03339-9","title":"Influence of Microplastics on the Mobility, Bioavailability, and Toxicity of Heavy Metals: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; York University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Microplastics; Heavy metals; Bioavailability; Environmental chemistry; Pollutant; Ecotoxicology; Environmental science; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Bioinformatics","authors":[{"name":"Guangxia Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Preeti H. Dave","is_ca":true},{"name":"Raymond W. M. Kwong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mengjie Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huan Zhong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01801198164131835,"gpt":0.2542889581859311,"spread":0.2362769765446127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007585725,0.0002730867,0.001165861,0.00004608509,0.000055545,0.000004676168,0.0001826955,0.0002109192,0.002804738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004922252,0.0001979525,0.0001495507,0.00008982731,0.001328884,0.00001489524,0.0004251445,0.0002006728,0.00002728545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008868302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002314777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002772328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001198137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997848,0.0004929167,0.0008573703,0.0004019038,0.0002411073,0.0001587508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974381,0.001442011,0.0007461638,0.0003011829,0.000008757723,0.00006378064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001509118,0.005777025,0.001676666,0.07295626,0.0008138327,0.00002568177,0.0003588718,0.0001434915,0.02815978,0.005461801,0.006940071,0.8775356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003437222,0.000937161,0.006151149,0.008175318,0.000910261,0.00008051194,0.00003452731,0.00001721724,0.002563079,0.00003943998,0.9803877,0.0003599109],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0867297,0.9113835,0.0000259022,0.0001623768,0.00004398763,0.0008951307,0.0004170842,0.000003181893,0.0003391759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09555235,0.9040164,0.00009873801,0.0001602012,0.000005346285,0.00002675437,0.00002417284,0.00001165459,0.0001043886],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9734476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045559902","doi":"10.1007/s001280247","title":"Comparative Toxicity of Thallium(I), Thallium(III), and Cadmium(II) to the Unicellular Alga Chlorella Isolated from Lake Erie","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Thallium and Germanium Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Thallium; Cadmium; Ecotoxicology; Chlorella; Toxicity; Algae; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Chlorella vulgaris; Environmental science; Biology; Ecology; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"L. Ralph","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael R. Twiss","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0129484980197508,"gpt":0.2054079798567242,"spread":0.1924594818369734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001930974,0.0002268418,0.0004027053,0.00003624563,0.0002343982,0.00000938731,0.0001993278,0.0001300679,0.01573936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001501373,0.0001839806,0.00005170249,0.00006559597,0.0007371652,0.00003928939,0.0005364683,0.0001414842,0.0001264951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005121585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001960932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001577393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001959139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986022,0.0001462546,0.0003793649,0.0003968448,0.0002378078,0.0002375849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992327,0.0002145609,0.0002193913,0.0002190891,0.00000546975,0.0001087611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009859253,0.004019589,0.08626769,0.00007528085,0.0007402626,0.00006740558,0.06243975,0.0005107708,0.77633,0.001960104,0.04451489,0.02208831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001886196,0.001419727,0.6180468,0.00001867005,0.0001256188,0.00002325604,0.00237843,0.0007243484,0.0313641,0.0001087369,0.3434512,0.0004529138],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884085,0.0006640929,0.00008911469,0.002860257,0.0000793846,0.0004626077,0.0001725319,0.00001308385,0.007250448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966698,0.0006178533,0.0001565164,0.0006137735,0.00002282882,0.0000269498,0.0000243759,0.00001165298,0.001856292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7449659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9851604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2368714068","doi":"10.1007/s00128-016-1812-9","title":"Influence of Lipophilicity on the Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Phthalates to Aquatic Organisms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Bioconcentration; Bioaccumulation; Environmental chemistry; Toxicity; Ecotoxicology; Lipophilicity; Chemistry; Acute toxicity; Aquatic toxicology; Invertebrate; Phthalate; Toxicology; Biology; Ecology; Stereochemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Justine Mathieu‐Denoncourt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah J. Wallace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shane R. de Solla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Valérie S. Langlois","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01065831368994294,"gpt":0.2955578720705863,"spread":0.2848995583806433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003132155,0.000240955,0.000750367,0.00005078512,0.00004996845,0.000003878253,0.0002210575,0.0001453729,0.001169628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002634294,0.000143165,0.00008805597,0.00005659576,0.0006952493,0.0000160835,0.0003405404,0.000122768,0.00005904312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006309194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006071635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000412209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004905861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998594,0.0001884365,0.0005176136,0.0003295787,0.0002032524,0.0001671517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980628,0.00113358,0.0004955908,0.0002317676,0.000002985505,0.0000733112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007378572,0.00102007,0.002996744,0.002804474,0.0001855661,0.000008284074,0.0004888286,0.00002139906,0.09491183,0.001085601,0.0005676785,0.8958358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00187143,0.005145149,0.06332797,0.008093717,0.0007429939,0.0001164981,0.0002277612,0.00001300902,0.0864262,0.000533271,0.8321933,0.001308744],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.923506,0.0747218,0.000003104164,0.0003262803,0.00001744214,0.0008052842,0.00007217583,0.000005147109,0.0005427494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6421344,0.3574392,0.00006129027,0.000121221,0.000007921493,0.00003286002,0.000003901345,0.00001562404,0.0001836071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.894527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989197406","doi":"10.1007/s001289910039","title":"Species- and Age-Related Differences in Susceptibility to Pesticide Exposure for Two Amphibians, Rana pipiens , and Bufo americanus","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Rana; Salientia; Amphibian; Ecotoxicology; Biology; Pesticide; Zoology; Bufo; Ecology; Toxicology; Toad; Endocrinology","authors":[{"name":"M. L. Harris","is_ca":true},{"name":"L. Chora","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christine A. Bishop","is_ca":true},{"name":"James P. Bogart","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008657355929505374,"gpt":0.2139133573339532,"spread":0.2052560014044479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003650088,0.0002406535,0.0004433656,0.00008030617,0.000166886,0.00001378471,0.0001179963,0.0001906975,0.01301309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005194246,0.0002444514,0.00003876916,0.00007259964,0.001635974,0.00005076942,0.0001633693,0.0001567546,0.00005916626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000137242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003038071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001195648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001083692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982319,0.000193956,0.0004463994,0.0006308564,0.0001235063,0.0003733812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992111,0.0003425659,0.0001107026,0.0001562306,0.000001232513,0.0001781472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005186551,0.0008811409,0.805902,0.00002824812,0.00003676733,0.00003702198,0.001800257,0.00009110336,0.1039233,0.0003220855,0.0003959319,0.08606342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002253168,0.001574939,0.984463,0.000008690335,0.00002757755,0.00003788941,0.0004615066,0.00009680873,0.001455672,0.0002483282,0.009124516,0.0002478758],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944512,0.0001152571,0.00003164732,0.001306312,0.00005034874,0.0008548456,0.00004415311,0.00001339753,0.003132884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931251,0.0003012445,0.0006897677,0.000951123,0.00001244423,0.00009433852,0.00001793929,0.00001538207,0.004792674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.178561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967606717","doi":"10.1007/s00128-008-9624-1","title":"Levels of Heavy Metals in Some Commercial Fish Species Captured from the Black Sea and Mediterranean Coast of Turkey","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi; European Commission","keywords":"Engraulis; Black sea; Anchovy; Whiting; Mediterranean sea; Mediterranean climate; Fishery; Mugil; Biology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Cemal Turan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meltem Dural","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdullah Öksüz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bayram Öztürk","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0310448084954179,"gpt":0.2020964598779364,"spread":0.1710516513825185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001741704,0.00008907106,0.0002912118,0.00001096193,0.00007611542,0.000001228392,0.00008436999,0.0001324119,0.0008858673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005065127,0.00003981917,0.00003380631,0.0000237874,0.001395926,0.00001821667,0.00009872665,0.00008104651,0.000001576289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008890363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001910747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002603879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002565526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992555,0.0001700982,0.0002576477,0.0001455615,0.00006548162,0.0001056453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991524,0.0006403759,0.0001490376,0.00003061218,0.000006516351,0.00002101682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000275329,0.0004404212,0.7876363,0.00001259966,0.0001029265,0.000008186837,0.002483815,0.000002489825,0.2000229,0.0002340103,0.004809539,0.003971506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004451254,0.0004086474,0.984822,0.000005514674,0.00001453721,0.000005233891,0.001471161,0.000003961263,0.008262093,0.00006451452,0.004439137,0.00005812289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924408,0.0003269133,2.727646e-7,0.006366432,0.00006690694,0.0001487834,0.0004768498,0.000002077427,0.0001709387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983798,0.0006410974,0.00001093443,0.0007515692,0.00003797656,0.000004372633,0.00005120252,6.065061e-7,0.0001224926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1971857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9699625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000710859","doi":"10.1007/s00128-011-0485-7","title":"Comparative Soil Metal Analyses in Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) and Lubumbashi (Katanga, DR-Congo)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Smelting; Copper; Tailings; Cobalt; Cadmium; Zinc; Arsenic; Soil water; Nickel; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Mining engineering; Metallurgy; Geology; Chemistry; Soil science; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"R. Narendrula","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. K. Nkongolo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Beckett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03519836766688458,"gpt":0.2505181043554046,"spread":0.21531973668852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003059931,0.0002254751,0.000417916,0.00006305236,0.00007987543,0.000005811497,0.0001402017,0.0001188829,0.01926049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001932383,0.0002277093,0.00003663163,0.00004642199,0.0007464216,0.00006782054,0.0002718379,0.000189866,0.00004491107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005413167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002204525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.527098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8347041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983239,0.0002175418,0.0004281721,0.0004452691,0.0002931974,0.0002919196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999373,0.0001241723,0.0001742939,0.0001859128,0.000001518903,0.0001410857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002271646,0.001262021,0.8428434,0.00002535487,0.0001532101,0.0001258682,0.007857328,0.0001268273,0.1367162,0.0003173355,0.002735376,0.00760992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007460657,0.0002848673,0.9643181,0.000005458093,0.00003990884,0.00002180566,0.001138156,0.0000548236,0.01354541,0.00004209818,0.01958384,0.0002194694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861354,0.0001944622,0.00001878903,0.0001832631,0.00006660494,0.0002874336,0.00002012194,0.000006269797,0.01308761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99679,0.00007938829,0.0005112319,0.0004640874,0.000006692517,0.000035728,0.00001521164,0.00001195823,0.002085733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3076061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.981636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093913754","doi":"10.1007/s00128-011-0307-y","title":"Perfluorinated Compounds in Water, Sediment and Soil from Guanting Reservoir, China","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Ecotoxicology; Sediment; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; China; Water pollution; Soil contamination; Hydrology (agriculture); Water pollutants; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Geology; Soil science; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Tieyu Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunli Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan E. Naile","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jong Seong Khim","is_ca":false},{"name":"John P. Giesy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yonglong Lü","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01594793678981789,"gpt":0.2216444764375268,"spread":0.2056965396477089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003111829,0.0001375361,0.0001961399,0.00005740039,0.00009186288,0.000009519355,0.0001291557,0.0001084768,0.01197527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001094337,0.0001195979,0.00002168744,0.00003267459,0.0004684985,0.00005920047,0.0003114143,0.0001510555,0.0001006533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009700203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002269984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001756534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004629575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987816,0.0001480497,0.0002652135,0.0003292067,0.0001940778,0.0002819089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996659,0.00005673611,0.00006177656,0.0001245758,0.000001479431,0.00008960449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002041135,0.0005149004,0.5531966,0.00001314045,0.00001831471,0.00003249324,0.004900513,0.000008148019,0.4034612,0.0001044788,0.0002826764,0.03726336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001190408,0.0003011616,0.9152752,0.000009525744,0.000007040685,0.000007595038,0.0005023242,0.0002330322,0.07077174,0.0001474866,0.01140951,0.0001449506],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870054,0.0007648042,0.000007019885,0.0003558915,0.00004701198,0.0001830504,0.00001371656,0.000009073126,0.01161407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982814,0.0004854738,0.0002594756,0.0001071413,0.000009771943,0.00001863823,0.00002522296,0.00001022957,0.0008026098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3620786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9889279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034539508","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-1071-y","title":"Occurrence of Pesticide Residues in Lebanon’s Water Resources","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Libanaise; Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","keywords":"Diazinon; Pesticide; Bifenthrin; Environmental chemistry; Chlorpyrifos; Pesticide residue; Ecotoxicology; Contamination; Environmental science; Chemistry; Surface water; Solid phase extraction; Groundwater; Endrin; Extraction (chemistry); Organochlorine pesticide; Environmental engineering; Chromatography; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Abir Kouzayha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rami Al Akoum","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamad Al Iskandarani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hélène Budzinski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Farouk Jaber","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01126992165713887,"gpt":0.2346843579046578,"spread":0.2234144362475189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001716864,0.0001263502,0.0002056616,0.00004610228,0.00003275339,0.000005464332,0.0001171272,0.00008029061,0.02789785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002429562,0.00009982358,0.00003004688,0.00002690903,0.0007435177,0.00006394327,0.0002179166,0.00009778611,0.0004915693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005710781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001000563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001926086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002166703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989343,0.00009689198,0.0003295056,0.0002331286,0.0001713945,0.0002348334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996206,0.00009822812,0.00008888316,0.000101244,0.000001077034,0.00009000528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000325896,0.000496285,0.451768,0.00002299091,0.000007326897,0.000006038222,0.0005743455,0.00003419516,0.5343412,0.00003460604,0.0007362281,0.01194617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005504435,0.0002354548,0.8526671,0.00001243913,0.000008965015,0.000008301966,0.0001965212,0.00004291473,0.1375377,0.0001170827,0.008511182,0.000111895],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940534,0.00007200921,0.000008150537,0.0009939233,0.0000272375,0.0002405931,0.00002163114,0.000005491102,0.004577568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988822,0.0001152698,0.0001452928,0.0003530439,0.000004485957,0.000009008977,0.0000139582,0.000004659197,0.0004720433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4008991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9729908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2239018610","doi":"10.1007/s00128-015-1719-x","title":"Occurrence and Distribution of Carbamate Pesticides and Metalaxyl in Southern Ontario Surface Waters 2007–2010","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Metalaxyl; Carbaryl; Carbamate; Pesticide; Surface runoff; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Contamination; Pendimethalin; Environmental science; Ecotoxicology; Chemistry; Toxicology; Environmental engineering; Agronomy; Biology; Ecology; Chemical control","authors":[{"name":"John Struger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Josey Grabuski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steve Cagampan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ed Sverko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Marvin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00663977913812626,"gpt":0.1889480071735211,"spread":0.1823082280353949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000342465,0.0001793213,0.0003091789,0.00003772885,0.00007013582,0.000004731335,0.00008327422,0.0001922052,0.004811412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003312281,0.0001468812,0.00002623381,0.00002958156,0.001545959,0.0000637527,0.0002441398,0.0001065569,0.00005618908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001736077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004833167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000963604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002780992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99874,0.0001439271,0.0003680403,0.0003806106,0.0001163607,0.0002510251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993876,0.0002156422,0.0001882325,0.0001160163,0.000001552824,0.00009094017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009810791,0.0002131337,0.8187144,0.00001317137,0.00001507531,0.000006775118,0.000731308,0.00001636713,0.1759587,0.00005714819,0.0001744028,0.004001422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001304674,0.0005111724,0.980096,0.00001570184,0.00003031301,0.00003753449,0.0004455142,0.00001289682,0.01363807,0.0001198913,0.003609947,0.0001782938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984884,0.0001145939,0.00003591176,0.0004847414,0.00007442065,0.0002652192,0.0001698465,0.000006084882,0.0003607726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977206,0.0002635737,0.0001311115,0.00009508169,0.000003438178,0.00001376748,0.00002431804,0.000006029801,0.001742091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1623207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037553683","doi":"10.1007/s00128-008-9382-0","title":"Extraction and Analysis Methods for the Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Surface Water, Sediments and Biological Tissues at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Response Biomedical (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Cyfluthrin; Chromatography; Chemistry; Pyrethroid; Bifenthrin; Detection limit; Cyhalothrin; Extraction (chemistry); Cypermethrin; Fenvalerate; Gas chromatography; Environmental chemistry; Pesticide","authors":[{"name":"A. Mekebri","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Crane","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gloria Blondina","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel R. Oros","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. L. Rocca","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0245091747612076,"gpt":0.2912453340361268,"spread":0.2667361592749192,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004265605,0.0001538083,0.0002977362,0.00004535311,0.0002460875,0.000004568587,0.00006317429,0.000107183,0.001251976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003581211,0.0001133433,0.00004488223,0.00004370887,0.001320426,0.00005849315,0.0002253634,0.00007355763,0.000004982069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001454082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001317188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001619091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000110879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988078,0.000185721,0.0003794385,0.0003220349,0.0001234242,0.0001815985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990221,0.0006629945,0.0001674012,0.00009739235,0.000001774268,0.00004831016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001064309,0.000208234,0.4889338,0.00001077546,0.0000657725,0.000002748395,0.001168768,0.00009647867,0.4940579,0.00003630661,0.00001327355,0.01529952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007723566,0.0004193974,0.9412485,0.000004085144,0.0001357954,0.0000268125,0.0003824826,0.001147403,0.0525781,0.0001057132,0.003057134,0.0001222316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946603,0.001033097,0.003219367,0.0003973315,0.00002603689,0.0004926248,0.00002623153,0.000004793525,0.0001402805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881162,0.004218743,0.007247858,0.0001063966,0.000004971499,0.00004348482,0.00003323267,0.00000755875,0.0002215576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4523147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2771842529","doi":"10.1007/s00128-017-2236-x","title":"Methylmercury Biogeochemistry in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review Focusing on DOM and Photodemethylation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Methylmercury; Mercury (programming language); Environmental chemistry; Biogeochemistry; Ecosystem; Dissolved organic carbon; Freshwater ecosystem; Organic matter; Bioavailability; Chemistry; Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecology; Bioaccumulation; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Sara J. Klapstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nelson J. O’Driscoll","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04313354602544773,"gpt":0.3197083093845678,"spread":0.2765747633591201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006471921,0.000320477,0.00110354,0.00008873498,0.0001216374,0.00001637613,0.0001331099,0.0002627937,0.003141518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001177488,0.0002744339,0.000108313,0.00003373752,0.0003717868,0.0000440368,0.000225862,0.0002103102,0.00009483613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001820135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008612316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001157614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001756123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982226,0.000287716,0.0006435235,0.0004511796,0.0001925701,0.0002024195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987851,0.0002376102,0.0006491113,0.0002481019,0.000002404869,0.00007760801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001025995,0.0001182955,0.0009807927,0.005527264,0.00005263719,0.00001098356,0.0001001239,1.242543e-7,0.0003074128,0.00002103397,0.001923466,0.9909476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003534452,0.0001095411,0.001181341,0.005062308,0.0001760077,0.00002948474,0.00003938066,0.000002040322,0.00009791464,0.00001538325,0.9926855,0.0002476341],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.006025714,0.9895725,0.000002279713,0.0002544027,0.00007640399,0.0009259252,0.000109231,0.000007535764,0.003025953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007504234,0.9914394,0.00007701451,0.0002232143,0.00002315346,0.0001179725,0.0001054771,0.00001997924,0.0004895765],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9907621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989225856","doi":"10.1007/s001280065","title":"Trace Elements in the Fur of Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Ontario and Quebec, Canada","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; St. Lawrence River Institute of Environmental Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Ecotoxicology; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Archaeology; Geography; Zoology; Ecology; Biology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"M. Brian C. Hickey","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Brock Fenton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ken C. Macdonald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Colleen E. Soulliere","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008126863981675397,"gpt":0.17190613987412,"spread":0.1637792758924446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001204725,0.00007386713,0.0001467536,0.000006868219,0.00007166305,0.000002433904,0.00007031279,0.00007691701,0.002783875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001283711,0.00003242026,0.0000126228,0.00002010388,0.0001889853,0.00001188896,0.00004446368,0.00007392203,0.000001699619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004811222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007622309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5114795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9942532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993972,0.0001033404,0.0001919112,0.0001432614,0.00005628432,0.0001079671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996313,0.0002381658,0.00008372682,0.00002502104,0.000003363626,0.00001845161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008806655,0.0001737503,0.944689,0.000001518443,0.00002047876,0.000008406978,0.0004948354,1.780534e-7,0.01981345,0.00005991803,0.0004264569,0.03422396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002904314,0.0001934192,0.9166023,0.000002374709,0.000008433748,0.000004071577,0.001235948,0.000001150061,0.0003350321,0.00003076793,0.08124854,0.00004754157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930065,0.0004656096,1.023028e-7,0.005660123,0.00003980149,0.0001240754,0.00001759588,0.000001392314,0.0006847961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983208,0.0003355679,0.000009634294,0.0007460217,0.00001156901,0.000009792188,0.00002297045,3.354099e-7,0.0005433635],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4827737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971304594","doi":"10.1007/s001280000038","title":"Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Jack Pine ( Pinus banksiana ) Needles in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines; Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Pinus <genus>; Jack pine; Ecotoxicology; Environmental science; Heavy metals; Soil contamination; Forestry; Archaeology; Environmental chemistry; Botany; Soil water; Chemistry; Biology; Geography; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"W. S. Gratton","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. K. Nkongolo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Graeme Spiers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009898851666190207,"gpt":0.2131776281084933,"spread":0.2032787764423031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003647344,0.0002061376,0.0003161089,0.00007191243,0.00005536463,0.000008202301,0.0001078211,0.0001372124,0.03171532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001955617,0.000224723,0.00002534049,0.00006136045,0.0003682532,0.00007828656,0.0001241057,0.0001918725,0.00005357216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001077135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000256762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5630462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8707668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983342,0.0001760606,0.0004828112,0.0004263987,0.0002748088,0.0003056647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995264,0.0001056978,0.00009999883,0.0001599471,7.49347e-7,0.0001071436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002803893,0.000944782,0.84596,0.00002579209,0.00002798997,0.0001041899,0.002383798,0.004127039,0.01490264,0.00008266014,0.0009427596,0.1302179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001296887,0.0001929918,0.9574813,0.00001004349,0.00001096242,0.00002406982,0.0003113779,0.0003845553,0.001293527,0.00003687449,0.03875715,0.0002002154],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925141,0.0001756019,0.000006659628,0.0008266763,0.00004736635,0.0003607621,0.00001224678,0.00000517154,0.006051447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961856,0.0002146826,0.0002320029,0.0005705698,0.000008994203,0.00003121381,0.00002302741,0.00001445567,0.00271948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3077206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9691698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1424570439","doi":"10.1007/s00128-015-1639-9","title":"Assessment of the Occurrence and Risks of Emerging Organic Pollutants (EOPs) in Ikpa River Basin Freshwater Ecosystem, Niger Delta-Nigeria","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Environment","funders":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","keywords":"Triclocarban; Triclosan; Environmental chemistry; Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecotoxicology; Pollutant; Water quality; Surface water; Niger delta; Delta; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Environmental engineering","authors":[{"name":"Edu Inam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nnanake‐Abasi O. Offiong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Su-Il Kang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph P. Essien","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0300361138046451,"gpt":0.2937008500956073,"spread":0.2636647362909622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004271163,0.000146505,0.0002812094,0.00004126619,0.00004030579,0.000004277791,0.0001449602,0.00009029893,0.00295044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003766213,0.0001134662,0.00003637654,0.00006249211,0.0006862553,0.00005628755,0.0003632659,0.0001190997,0.00001453386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000129048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008497978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008021096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002307343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986484,0.0002211413,0.0004117666,0.0002494438,0.0002679179,0.0002013358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994293,0.00007834774,0.0002387833,0.0001401266,0.000002182944,0.0001112138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000295949,0.0003766564,0.8007336,0.00002731867,0.00001542083,0.00000401414,0.0005998325,0.00004557212,0.192396,0.00003424292,0.0000902392,0.005647536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011278,0.0002116678,0.9594938,0.00003131092,0.0000216358,0.00001441338,0.0004873438,0.0004030705,0.03549426,0.00005601508,0.002540139,0.0001185756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981639,0.0000809475,0.00003935573,0.0003999521,0.00008029835,0.0002726781,0.0002347768,0.000002944844,0.0007251157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992484,0.0001167214,0.0003095171,0.000200854,0.000004812922,0.000003155866,0.00000537273,0.000007303533,0.0001037977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1587602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003665038","doi":"10.1007/s00128-005-0888-4","title":"Toxicity to Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and Rana catesbeiana of Atrazine, Metolachlor, Simazine, and Their Formulated Products","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Sport Centre Pacific; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Oncorhynchus; Hyalella azteca; Rainbow trout; Daphnia magna; Atrazine; Simazine; Ecotoxicology; Fishery; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Pesticide; Environmental science; Chemistry; Toxicity; Ecology; Crustacean; Fish <Actinopterygii>","authors":[{"name":"M. T. Wan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Craig Buday","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gary J. Schroeder","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jen‐ni Kuo","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Pasternak","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005333694200351249,"gpt":0.1966684682723404,"spread":0.1913347740719892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065901,0.0005977025,0.0009224662,0.0002288163,0.0003079561,0.00002388986,0.0002869937,0.0005160746,0.003054754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008976024,0.0005774369,0.00009832765,0.0002246689,0.001775884,0.0001468235,0.0006141859,0.0003477934,0.0000949446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002661986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001597451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004284459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001073734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966391,0.000289879,0.0009954917,0.001097568,0.0003029138,0.0006749961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998362,0.0003713048,0.0005207238,0.000426082,0.00001131859,0.0003085446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004927152,0.001027472,0.07821389,0.00009735747,0.00008478841,0.00003513327,0.0004551412,0.000154766,0.894538,0.0004137509,0.002385523,0.02210148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002829967,0.002626232,0.6897949,0.00002683535,0.0001135586,0.0001901888,0.0003675087,0.0003254241,0.2715787,0.0004301145,0.03105485,0.000661766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877912,0.0007689951,0.0001423024,0.001573446,0.00007786213,0.00127722,0.0001548398,0.00004046595,0.00817361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941847,0.0004267517,0.0014978,0.0008723261,0.00005416464,0.00008129911,0.00008027141,0.00004983127,0.002752828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6229593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749404795","doi":"10.1007/s00128-017-2154-y","title":"Total Suspended Solids Effects on Freshwater Lake Biota Other than Fish","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada); Stornoway Diamond (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Periphyton; Biota; Trophic level; Zooplankton; Environmental science; Aquatic ecosystem; Benthic zone; Invertebrate; Phytoplankton; Ecology; River ecosystem; Fishery; Lake ecosystem; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biology; Ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Peter M. Chapman","is_ca":false},{"name":"April Hayward","is_ca":true},{"name":"John W. Faithful","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01972401830295855,"gpt":0.2624722266067705,"spread":0.2427482083038119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002793664,0.0004112565,0.0009826235,0.00009099659,0.0002760227,0.0000209775,0.0003025618,0.0004188881,0.02023851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005164384,0.0003501083,0.0001854217,0.00002052743,0.000713026,0.00003547994,0.0006505438,0.0002508247,0.001076032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001265843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004420501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001596047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001560302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982206,0.0002631933,0.0003996022,0.0005882292,0.0001933375,0.0003350676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988207,0.0002736346,0.0004648787,0.0003655158,0.000001352203,0.00007390511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006076215,0.000736638,0.004055913,0.001776991,0.0004680651,0.00009095035,0.0001185534,9.571243e-7,0.00002159608,0.0004880055,0.1037227,0.8884589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005871658,0.0005604877,0.03418286,0.000245457,0.0002178184,0.00001617472,0.00001274975,0.000001114744,0.00002391931,0.00003433746,0.9638106,0.0003072862],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01653655,0.5805458,0.00002524007,0.007079786,0.003392102,0.0108201,0.001755386,0.0002248254,0.3796202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01281579,0.9500803,0.00008978003,0.001667067,0.0001069514,0.0002774486,0.0001679392,0.00006333757,0.03473138],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8881516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016892656","doi":"10.1007/s00128-014-1315-5","title":"Spatial Distribution of Mercury and Arsenic Levels in Water, Soil and Cassava Plants in a Community with Long History of Gold Mining in Tanzania","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mining and Resource Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Northwestern University","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Arsenic; Tanzania; Ecotoxicology; Soil test; Spatial distribution; Soil water; Manihot esculenta; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Toxicology; Biology; Chemistry; Geography; Horticulture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Elias C. Nyanza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deborah Dewey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Deborah S.K. Thomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Davey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sospatro E. Ngallaba","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00849955939828725,"gpt":0.1760690360518775,"spread":0.1675694766535902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003223777,0.00007122172,0.0001892045,0.00008913437,0.000007635845,0.000001078074,0.00002882993,0.00006274972,0.00002605407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009583003,0.00006574872,0.000005941311,0.00001082256,0.0001463832,0.000009851661,0.00004415963,0.00009542255,1.986286e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009376955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001953729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000365667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001067306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994491,0.0001247895,0.000210098,0.00007698932,0.0000521763,0.00008685566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997945,0.00008349712,0.00004965889,0.00005390107,0.000001400706,0.00001707697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004405693,0.001023473,0.7282883,0.001191419,0.00008099632,0.00004272899,0.02680819,0.003404673,0.1402117,0.0002370461,0.0001386473,0.09813233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001662653,0.0002819867,0.9901165,0.00008302712,0.000007351898,0.000007159659,0.001100077,0.003716733,0.002105681,0.000002444667,0.0008417732,0.00007460731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990866,0.0002324162,0.00009816635,0.00003072851,0.00001866937,0.00009324573,0.000009026383,0.000002893572,0.0004282665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997938,0.00006794793,0.0000273323,0.000009689747,0.000002088403,0.000005469831,0.00001799752,0.000005286092,0.00007036356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2618282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2681155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023621368","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-1114-4","title":"Selected Heavy Metals and Selenium in the Blood of Black Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas agasiizzi) from Sonora, Mexico","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Turtle Biology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional; EcoHealth Alliance","keywords":"Selenium; Cadmium; Heavy metals; Ecotoxicology; Black sea; Foraging; Turtle (robot); Environmental chemistry; Sea turtle; Biology; Ecology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"César P. Ley‐Quiñónez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan A. Zavala‐Norzagaray","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Guadalupe Rendón-Maldonado","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Leticia Espinosa-Carreón","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Canizales-Román","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diana Cecilia Escobedo-Urías","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Luisa Leal-Acosta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine E. Hart","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Alonso Aguirre","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005672133432419555,"gpt":0.1872269956079501,"spread":0.1815548621755305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002314955,0.0001262379,0.0002064555,0.00003274704,0.00005228709,0.000008153261,0.0001232862,0.0001351528,0.004484945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003669271,0.0001017329,0.00002476292,0.00006223769,0.0006005771,0.00005279808,0.00009732581,0.0001167874,0.0000887545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002748432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004574312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007272047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000258882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989281,0.0002633721,0.0002844809,0.000251354,0.0001180733,0.0001546124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994306,0.0002428059,0.0001599661,0.0001243727,0.000004417912,0.00003781692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007918599,0.0005607895,0.7021543,0.00001123619,0.00005395953,0.000003261153,0.001191822,0.00001171953,0.2897283,0.0003238154,0.0014768,0.004404792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008080109,0.0002824257,0.9709644,0.000004482597,0.00003661824,0.000009761475,0.0004222798,0.0001262697,0.02314032,0.0002588448,0.003847562,0.00009907815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960455,0.0001737365,0.00002017277,0.00236034,0.000023726,0.0003746178,0.00002688285,0.000006058703,0.0009689283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982995,0.0001259185,0.0002958368,0.0007956211,0.000008972065,0.0000370091,0.00004032623,0.000006369593,0.000390489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.26881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981033821","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-1015-6","title":"Toxicity of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Suspensions to the Aquatic Invertebrate, Daphnia magna","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Daphnia magna; Toxicity; Reproduction; Daphnia; Ecotoxicology; Chronic toxicity; Invertebrate; Aquatic toxicology; Cladocera; Trophic level; Toxicology; Ecotoxicity; Animal science; Biology; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Zoology; Ecology; Crustacean","authors":[{"name":"Pranab Das","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marguerite A. Xenopoulos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris D. Metcalfe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008208238580752389,"gpt":0.2013707850383761,"spread":0.1931625464576237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002135339,0.0000784505,0.0001474886,0.00002735124,0.00009029132,0.00001357702,0.00009135633,0.00004048215,0.003608885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005093422,0.00005920401,0.00001843325,0.00003733654,0.000262107,0.00003556941,0.0001095311,0.0000283012,0.0002555432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001644257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000509845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008901061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000110917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999273,0.00007715845,0.0002431891,0.0001737045,0.0001028444,0.0001301069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994875,0.0001814731,0.00009700515,0.0001534386,0.00000873507,0.00007184681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007371936,0.0001251991,0.002673915,0.000003596321,0.000003355873,2.222234e-7,0.0001317967,0.000002332366,0.9922424,0.001523867,0.0008625542,0.002423394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002356709,0.0001730589,0.1303458,0.000006446762,0.00001613788,0.000003899433,0.0003743511,0.0001641501,0.8653346,0.0001726585,0.003106281,0.00006692069],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946934,0.00007068166,0.00008056424,0.0044451,0.00002708601,0.0003961292,0.00001043701,0.000005656722,0.0002709412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984741,0.00003162445,0.0005801216,0.0005101851,0.000009240053,0.00006985173,0.000001362093,0.000005928243,0.0003175387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1276719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079955781","doi":"10.1007/s00128-011-0361-5","title":"Occurrence and Distribution of Sulfonylurea and Related Herbicides in Central Canadian Surface Waters 2006–2008","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sulfonylurea; Environmental science; Surface water; Ecotoxicology; Environmental chemistry; Sampling (signal processing); Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Animal science; Environmental engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"John Struger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Josey Grabuski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steve Cagampan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Myriam Rondeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ed Sverko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Marvin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008269791606583516,"gpt":0.1823011491495847,"spread":0.1740313575430012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000157877,0.0001371427,0.0002117813,0.00003261079,0.00007023633,0.000003281785,0.00005779274,0.0001035868,0.00243858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001525123,0.0001371055,0.00001794429,0.00003668066,0.0009125346,0.00005060945,0.0001178213,0.00009063442,0.00001715025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001388351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004130613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02047707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006188837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990344,0.00006926217,0.0002880045,0.0002548184,0.00009840728,0.0002550762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996449,0.0000489115,0.0001066464,0.00007123435,0.000001163248,0.0001270903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004191087,0.0001219573,0.9856211,0.00001426197,0.00001309364,0.000014379,0.0009845053,0.00001423395,0.009281689,0.0001376115,0.0002030766,0.003552191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005905476,0.0002440184,0.9934053,0.00001317224,0.00001846294,0.00002205526,0.0004362896,0.00002778142,0.002956605,0.00007843281,0.002079688,0.0001276499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972474,0.0004219453,0.000005429452,0.0002791023,0.00003151718,0.0001988945,0.0001532602,0.00000399093,0.001658483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989823,0.000666282,0.00009925073,0.00007571522,0.000001546577,0.00000533946,0.00005678393,0.00000427995,0.0001085328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01428823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993396764","doi":"10.1007/s00128-019-02758-z","title":"Pesticides in Surface Waters in Argentina Monitored Using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Fleming College","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Atrazine; Pesticide; Environmental science; Surface water; Mecoprop; Carbendazim; Environmental chemistry; Tebuconazole; Simazine; Water quality; Watershed; Azoxystrobin; Surface runoff; Metolachlor; Fungicide; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Shawna Corcoran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris D. Metcalfe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tamanna Sultana","is_ca":true},{"name":"María Valeria Amé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mirta L. Menone","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01295430108517269,"gpt":0.2476614935064721,"spread":0.2347071924212994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002003325,0.0001769497,0.0002616678,0.00004878453,0.00002392693,0.000007242931,0.0001123786,0.0001164534,0.005977881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002738162,0.0001632714,0.00003395546,0.00007052164,0.0003895165,0.00006970003,0.0001985226,0.0001808825,0.0002075817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003402047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000359094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002017937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001531373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987642,0.0001182506,0.0003165189,0.0003337729,0.0001676789,0.0002995695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996115,0.0001076502,0.00009507197,0.00008824369,7.730523e-7,0.0000967774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003477609,0.0002175702,0.4574473,0.000006431194,0.000003930103,0.000007033496,0.0001664833,0.0001141708,0.54156,0.00001857161,0.000008048262,0.0004156533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001376864,0.0001608349,0.8583298,0.00003233531,0.00001157014,0.00001746048,0.0009396242,0.0009352725,0.1374092,0.00006075931,0.0005186709,0.0002075338],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983116,0.00004328464,0.00002683587,0.0002788619,0.00005358724,0.0003167963,0.0000127002,0.000005924451,0.0009504241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988721,0.00006222884,0.0005703575,0.000237337,0.000005101159,0.000001639443,0.00001335587,0.00001351738,0.0002243846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4041508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975305371","doi":"10.1007/s001280000148","title":"Copper contamination and cadmium, silver, and zinc concentrations in the digestive glands of American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the inner Bay of Fundy, Atlantic Canada","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Homarus; American lobster; Bay; Cadmium; Zinc; Fishery; Ecotoxicology; Crustacean; Copper; Contamination; Tunicate; Oceanography; Biology; Environmental science; Chemistry; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"C. L. Chou","is_ca":true},{"name":"L.A. Paon","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. D. Moffatt","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. Zwicker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005365969081362039,"gpt":0.1749551310122561,"spread":0.1695891619308941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337228,0.000087669,0.0002111151,0.000006801944,0.0001036834,0.000003698397,0.0000721828,0.00005773296,0.0003999294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003589116,0.00003669248,0.00001516141,0.00004239263,0.001105197,0.000015998,0.00003606225,0.00007373712,6.21481e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002105735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007114057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06536703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3264888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992441,0.0002093764,0.0002136386,0.0001530306,0.00007060012,0.0001092459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987608,0.001028541,0.0001482731,0.00003332665,0.000008667954,0.00002043132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007551568,0.00008517638,0.9720756,0.000002465906,0.00002678869,0.00000206016,0.000584032,7.053487e-7,0.005306395,0.0001145885,0.0004204373,0.02130627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003548384,0.0004826296,0.9825298,0.000005147952,0.00002359328,0.000005897869,0.003850904,0.000009919428,0.0002638276,0.00001492128,0.01239989,0.0000586496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929476,0.0003737409,2.175766e-7,0.005923666,0.00002248655,0.0001937943,0.0001150477,0.000001517504,0.0004219743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980244,0.0007639736,0.000006156074,0.001036917,0.00001268852,0.00001442752,0.00005855161,6.23725e-7,0.00008225463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2611218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9408568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003638278","doi":"10.1007/s00128-009-9647-2","title":"Determining Tissue-Lead Levels in Large Game Mammals Harvested with Lead Bullets: Human Health Concerns","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Joseph Brant Hospital; McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lead (geology); Ammunition; Lead poisoning; Lead exposure; Muscle tissue; Chemistry; Toxicology; Biology; Medicine; Endocrinology; Internal medicine; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Leonard J. S. Tsuji","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruce Wainman","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. K. Jayasinghe","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. VanSpronsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric N. Liberda","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02008129445354903,"gpt":0.2780769833424119,"spread":0.2579956888888629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005305611,0.0002243382,0.0004250392,0.0000760235,0.0001213803,0.00001606253,0.0001471352,0.0001431098,0.004688459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002416587,0.000213835,0.00003413227,0.00007074631,0.0003362419,0.00008267431,0.00008956232,0.0001937144,0.000161926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002081866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001091486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009554692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007055482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981111,0.000248812,0.0005052231,0.0004432179,0.0002591932,0.000432501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993452,0.00007780863,0.0002602638,0.0001819826,0.000002510278,0.0001322124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002309141,0.002809612,0.3048445,0.00006608742,0.00004911286,0.000228256,0.003378666,0.00007410047,0.4798262,0.001665603,0.001342729,0.2054842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002166463,0.002430777,0.9504723,0.00002979149,0.000009408098,0.00003662256,0.000287433,0.00003733138,0.01228556,0.00004944226,0.03196074,0.0002341209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935358,0.0001098288,0.0003396883,0.001998837,0.00002981102,0.0004687907,0.00002801817,0.00002189436,0.003467308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948922,0.0000413373,0.0005364817,0.002374341,0.00002043151,0.00001738466,0.00002165908,0.0000152863,0.002080811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6456278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2771565393","doi":"10.1007/s00128-017-2239-7","title":"An Embryonic Field of Study: The Aquatic Fate and Toxicity of Diluted Bitumen","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Queen's University","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Government of Canada; Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau","keywords":"Ecotoxicology; Toxicity; Aquatic toxicology; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Water pollution; Toxicology; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Ftoon Alsaadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter V. Hodson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02712270025017484,"gpt":0.3119369254889887,"spread":0.2848142252388139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003168494,0.0001980425,0.0009791689,0.00007332741,0.00009956965,0.00001307109,0.0002622694,0.0002123447,0.0005043724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007568184,0.000145416,0.0001166714,0.00002102143,0.0003373463,0.00001867035,0.0001162908,0.0001720283,0.000001804069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002661258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002399969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004468408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002109193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988277,0.0001521625,0.0004930564,0.000268125,0.0001474117,0.0001115503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983243,0.0002958978,0.0009837765,0.0003486475,0.000006388695,0.00004097812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001863485,0.0006552321,0.0007168485,0.002532352,0.0003552446,0.000003271332,0.0001916957,2.17012e-7,0.00458163,0.00001806734,0.00002599472,0.9909008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002679222,0.002252087,0.003551155,0.002746144,0.005135174,0.00004694451,0.001874869,0.000147322,0.006690393,0.00003280388,0.9741035,0.0007403563],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2300948,0.7676692,0.00001132539,0.000137006,0.00002522903,0.0001192534,0.00007594546,0.000007746971,0.001859469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.541347,0.4572648,0.00001254156,0.00001396141,0.00001277168,0.00001989334,0.00002428176,0.00001000901,0.001294804],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9901605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5929891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2499680242","doi":"10.1007/s00128-016-1888-2","title":"Monitoring the Fate and Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Natural Waters","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Silver nanoparticle; Environmental chemistry; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Dissolution; Chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Genetic algorithm; Mass spectrometry; Fractionation; Particle (ecology); Surface water; Chemical transformation; Nanoparticle; Chromatography; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Lindsay M. Furtado","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mirco Bundschuh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris D. Metcalfe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01584246332913734,"gpt":0.2537384269797149,"spread":0.2378959636505776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002676391,0.0001034884,0.000325555,0.00004483832,0.0000423093,0.000007979014,0.00007964222,0.00007189895,0.0001456561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001079014,0.00006236952,0.00003804107,0.00002079107,0.0002470032,0.00002921638,0.0000387929,0.00004666479,0.00001646369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003071558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005277142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005507313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001633556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991695,0.0001320437,0.0003757809,0.0001405974,0.00007787639,0.0001042353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994811,0.0002184015,0.0001943811,0.00008303404,0.000003090363,0.0000199714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007048867,0.00006071915,0.00008517477,0.0003496679,0.000007061,3.339534e-7,0.00021219,1.376796e-7,0.2756883,0.0004152818,0.00000415885,0.7231699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009393537,0.0001842503,0.01561817,0.002171044,0.0001880859,0.00002401646,0.0006262428,0.000006904249,0.3848155,0.00008551154,0.5950278,0.0003131537],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5472449,0.4519382,0.000003487472,0.0002586885,0.00005217777,0.0004315367,0.00002804386,0.000003725238,0.00003921219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5514634,0.4484022,0.00002579575,0.000005737956,0.000006387718,0.00006028763,0.000001434531,0.000004098473,0.00003061618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7228568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2543355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092306489","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9347-8","title":"Toxicity of the Systemic Insecticide, Imidacloprid, to Forest Stream Insects and Microbial Communities","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Ontario Forest Research Institute; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Microcosm; Imidacloprid; Ecotoxicology; Aquatic insect; Biology; Pesticide; Toxicology; Decomposition; Aquatic ecosystem; Botany; Ecology; Larva","authors":[{"name":"David P. Kreutzweiser","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin P. Good","is_ca":true},{"name":"Derek Chartrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Taylor Scarr","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dean G. Thompson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008844582649626414,"gpt":0.1681032587533983,"spread":0.1592586761037719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001204197,0.0001056633,0.0001890136,0.00003693969,0.0002019495,0.00000359347,0.0001591759,0.00009431617,0.001537268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001691169,0.00009203716,0.00003090174,0.00003656039,0.0009909737,0.0000316232,0.000505018,0.00008967394,0.00003710012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000773089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000046339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000652161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002213388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992608,0.0001451965,0.0002024174,0.0001436358,0.0001013932,0.0001465335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996018,0.00008849994,0.0001156937,0.0001353638,0.000003043665,0.00005558595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009688963,0.0002295105,0.857077,0.00002844224,0.00001935631,0.000005706617,0.002949655,0.0001348351,0.1371652,0.0001542209,0.001589823,0.0005493308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000691039,0.0004753261,0.967184,0.00001146013,0.00001600727,0.0001542942,0.0009604332,0.00005353187,0.02738999,0.00002648881,0.002932225,0.000105193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981984,0.00003419092,0.00001260649,0.0004594992,0.00007489699,0.0002759105,0.00003523638,0.000005573871,0.0009037122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985831,0.00008119207,0.00007638433,0.0008355801,0.000005707293,0.000007046475,0.000005662381,0.000005598658,0.0003997607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.110107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992277448","doi":"10.1007/s001280185","title":"Principal Component Analysis Applied to the Assessment of Metal Pollution from Urban Wastes in the Culiacán River Estuary","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Estuary; Environmental science; Ecotoxicology; Pollution; Principal component analysis; Water pollution; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ana Carolina Ruíz-Fernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Federico Páez‐Osuna","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claude Hillaire‐Marcel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bassam Ghaleb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01187190624345905,"gpt":0.2410852786865754,"spread":0.2292133724431163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005450954,0.0001097806,0.0002374256,0.00007465346,0.00008314449,0.000008161103,0.0002021314,0.00005293795,0.0009670063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008403672,0.00007349806,0.00008139411,0.0001629674,0.0002755435,0.00001862883,0.0001530634,0.00009030064,0.00002726761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002059945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000908786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001098569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987308,0.0002713714,0.0003172508,0.0002397803,0.0003035456,0.0001372414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994882,0.0001288164,0.0001450972,0.0001992146,0.000001654028,0.00003701647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006748766,0.001092863,0.8792455,0.000005242845,0.0003516873,0.000007325406,0.004657899,0.008333033,0.09940114,0.000627209,0.0003389278,0.005871674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003391814,0.0001216883,0.988583,0.000002202322,0.0002159722,0.000001295514,0.001340847,0.0004611179,0.001543806,0.00002831183,0.007283152,0.00007946883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961095,0.00002934729,0.0004631381,0.002258871,0.00002812783,0.0002249724,0.00002319672,0.000003706253,0.0008591627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990334,0.00002534239,0.0004096348,0.0002541436,0.00002119429,0.00003072914,0.00003483128,0.000003941562,0.0001867743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1093374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133434691","doi":"10.1007/s00128-008-9421-x","title":"Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Sediment from the Jarzouna-Bizerte Coastal Area of Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrocarbon; Sediment; Pollution; Petroleum; Environmental chemistry; Mediterranean sea; Sedimentary rock; Mediterranean climate; Total petroleum hydrocarbon; Environmental science; Contamination; Ecotoxicology; Geology; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Soil contamination; Soil science; Geomorphology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Ines Zrafi-Nouira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zouhour Khedir-Ghenim","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Zrafi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raouf Bahri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Imed Cheraeif","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahmoud Rouabhia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dalila Saidane‐Mosbahi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01274654487673123,"gpt":0.2035789313450643,"spread":0.1908323864683331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000376771,0.000152122,0.0002025416,0.00003098718,0.0001107139,0.000004645144,0.0002574774,0.0001037498,0.00321717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004461658,0.0001044549,0.00004700843,0.00006915662,0.001127519,0.00004088541,0.000140653,0.0001539985,0.00003547925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001350452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007692802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005015981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004134121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985658,0.0002635183,0.0003440703,0.0002372749,0.000376986,0.0002123778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992728,0.0002430262,0.0001977807,0.0002334947,5.904407e-7,0.00005230457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005540949,0.002161765,0.2809588,0.00001027546,0.0001237992,0.0001197628,0.0182558,0.00009259009,0.5649532,0.0001969118,0.01182466,0.1207484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001132429,0.0003406174,0.9782587,0.000007968871,0.00002102435,0.00006396204,0.0009696505,0.0002030192,0.005998028,0.00006755329,0.01283033,0.0001067654],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907916,0.0001322507,0.00004889386,0.006554321,0.00008442228,0.0003434434,0.0001838515,0.000006698473,0.001854536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976586,0.000145715,0.00005573783,0.001921582,0.00002518664,0.000009220677,0.00001427819,0.00001019544,0.00015953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6972999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884736430","doi":"10.1007/s00128-018-2397-2","title":"Mercury Complexation with Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Thirty-Six Types of Biochar","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; DuPont","keywords":"Biochar; Dissolved organic carbon; Mercury (programming language); Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Environmental remediation; Bioavailability; Thiol; Aqueous solution; Organic matter; Bioaccumulation; Contamination; Pyrolysis; Organic chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Peng Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carol J. Ptacek","is_ca":true},{"name":"David W. Blowes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008018824511587997,"gpt":0.2124107018883009,"spread":0.2043918773767129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009539539,0.0001136823,0.000191006,0.00003050159,0.00008027653,0.000004398056,0.00007178821,0.00006463139,0.05185233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001640061,0.00009479887,0.0000216335,0.00004051102,0.0007877694,0.00003765033,0.00008295001,0.00004732825,0.0005942162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004199526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003157588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001309283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000983024,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992213,0.00007251951,0.0002280799,0.0002012181,0.0001590968,0.0001177916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995309,0.00008676188,0.0002085069,0.000118167,0.00000619837,0.00004943385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001552975,0.0002014359,0.2950829,0.000009096065,0.00005268968,0.000001097386,0.000976833,0.000001233894,0.6974471,0.0001089618,0.003007966,0.002955437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007391131,0.0004942237,0.9037318,0.0000108078,0.00003986072,0.000003354008,0.0004092689,0.00001832543,0.08449038,0.00005208175,0.009900608,0.0001102003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950473,0.00007079456,0.000241799,0.0007915237,0.00004438384,0.000181857,0.00004794094,0.000008037966,0.003566406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982269,0.00004420728,0.0005044749,0.0005034541,0.00002090029,0.000007466797,0.00004184722,0.0000100131,0.0006407278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6129566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9490144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003364002","doi":"10.1007/s00128-020-02795-z","title":"Effect of NaCl-Induced Salinity Stress on Growth, Osmolytes and Enzyme Activities in Wheat Genotypes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University","keywords":"Seedling; Proline; Salinity; Osmolyte; Catalase; Chlorophyll; Horticulture; Betaine; Chemistry; Peroxidase; Eagle; Malondialdehyde; Agronomy; Biology; Enzyme; Botany; Antioxidant; Biochemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Sagar Datir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Neha Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ila Joshi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009070533877365089,"gpt":0.2018769196101729,"spread":0.1928063857328078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008929544,0.00008733058,0.000197185,0.00001152757,0.00003360149,0.000004642408,0.00004806629,0.0000742951,0.000288071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004319936,0.0000433608,0.00002189777,0.00002220566,0.00009654825,0.00001608191,0.00004038325,0.00006585943,0.000002125799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008049196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000010993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006365964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005848861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993646,0.0001797524,0.0001343375,0.000157545,0.0000760031,0.00008779825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992077,0.0006598837,0.00007418832,0.0000159498,0.000001995369,0.0000402935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008902335,0.0001274104,0.04578442,0.00004091381,0.000009673193,0.000007127986,0.0001407542,0.00000186199,0.8998141,0.0001388384,0.00002431537,0.05302037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004815896,0.00262649,0.6403364,0.00001785075,0.000005203925,0.000002611952,0.0001294737,0.00002409188,0.3555404,0.00000676857,0.0007614741,0.0000676628],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979454,0.0001940095,2.300594e-7,0.001391651,0.00001526767,0.0001461612,0.0001056158,0.000004761922,0.0001969018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994171,0.0003066752,0.000004517364,0.000206577,0.0000167402,0.000007398316,0.00001642884,6.923211e-7,0.00002388036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.594552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3154176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062372507","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-0986-7","title":"The Relationship Between Heavy Metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb) Levels and the Size of Benthic, Benthopelagic and Pelagic Fish Species, Persian Gulf","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Gill; Pelagic zone; Biology; Mullet; Estuary; Benthic zone; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Heavy metals; Ecotoxicology; Fishery; Metal; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alireza Safahieh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Savari","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. T. Ronagh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdolmajid Doraghi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02033060877554255,"gpt":0.2326396939116902,"spread":0.2123090851361476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001069775,0.0002247971,0.0003607892,0.00003401914,0.000423087,0.0000383899,0.000173966,0.0001656769,0.003492399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002908855,0.0001596649,0.00004963125,0.00004251405,0.00423927,0.00009670977,0.0004263322,0.000244028,0.00004003747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008940254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004411466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001306073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007244836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979739,0.0005239053,0.0004938658,0.0003979988,0.0003407139,0.0002696587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969618,0.002375585,0.0002766789,0.0002488573,0.000003164218,0.0001338675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001181431,0.0002084678,0.9655782,0.00004025764,0.0001064495,0.000002637023,0.002146361,0.000006960927,0.01085748,0.00444898,0.001373945,0.01511214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001593794,0.0002633157,0.9765999,0.000008703191,0.00008208704,0.00002430814,0.001554035,0.00003108182,0.001018086,0.0006945191,0.01797242,0.0001577841],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867896,0.0007213351,0.00003970553,0.008499612,0.00004818008,0.0008209288,0.00006945351,0.000006556235,0.003004617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957545,0.000690389,0.0003386641,0.0004177029,0.00002258197,0.00004408,0.00001034498,0.00001627294,0.002705476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01659848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026946287","doi":"10.1007/s00128-012-0560-8","title":"Source Apportionment of Total Suspended Particulates in an Arid Area in Southwestern Iran Using Positive Matrix Factorization","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Apportionment; Aerosol; Environmental science; Particulates; Combustion; Arid; Atmospheric sciences; Petrochemical; Ecotoxicology; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad H. Sowlat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kazem Naddafi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masud Yunesian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter L. Jackson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Abbas Shahsavani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03405020825273124,"gpt":0.2882014900190233,"spread":0.2541512817662921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004209392,0.0001101595,0.0002044021,0.00006697128,0.00003809055,0.000004115494,0.00004266957,0.0001125852,0.002383192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002008212,0.0001160957,0.00002089852,0.0000472747,0.000191681,0.0001258383,0.00007210285,0.00008253995,0.00001483174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000235795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004443183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000299539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001533292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987864,0.0002003319,0.0004250356,0.0001734265,0.0001651424,0.0002496082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995086,0.00006784233,0.000230414,0.0000830779,0.000001478654,0.0001086328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007732945,0.0007031319,0.953097,0.00001476485,0.00000386923,0.000001179235,0.003605779,0.0009422151,0.03913654,0.00009402919,0.000004534546,0.002319614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007780415,0.0002860995,0.990059,0.00001390424,0.000009703082,0.000008138581,0.001444419,0.001322334,0.005820761,0.00002942089,0.000121007,0.0001072186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985042,0.00003851115,0.0007396344,0.0002120388,0.00003818715,0.0003116039,0.0000152093,0.000004252614,0.0001363806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994028,0.00001346213,0.000304108,0.0001517113,0.000008757451,0.000007525998,0.00003155526,0.000007995123,0.00007204647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03696194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985288,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2396682114","doi":"10.1007/s00128-016-1842-3","title":"Nickel and Copper Toxicity and Plant Response Mechanisms in White Birch (Betula papyrifera)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Nickel; Betulaceae; Betula platyphylla; Copper; Ecotoxicology; Toxicity; Copper toxicity; Botany; Biology; White (mutation); Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Gene; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Gabriel Thériault","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. K. Nkongolo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007707878906724739,"gpt":0.208586401606162,"spread":0.2008785226994373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009128922,0.000197923,0.0002762197,0.00007748887,0.0000774217,0.00000832457,0.00009497214,0.0001766408,0.003447676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000684022,0.0001613934,0.00002367382,0.00003133212,0.0008190154,0.00006384095,0.0003555148,0.000102616,0.00007952166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000190962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003814262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002452378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006183532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982504,0.000397368,0.0003541041,0.0004849748,0.0002329385,0.0002802014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992042,0.0003600614,0.0001175738,0.0001758054,8.930137e-7,0.0001415048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005388057,0.0004308125,0.1785382,0.00001253862,0.00001458677,0.00002898269,0.000469292,0.00000393581,0.7883082,0.0004987713,0.0004291344,0.03072677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002035921,0.0006437059,0.9568578,0.00002093133,0.0000125448,0.00006045027,0.000259987,0.00004625823,0.02324136,0.0002505401,0.01634887,0.0002216197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948784,0.0001138659,0.0002683265,0.003774051,0.00004584057,0.0003456392,0.00006854445,0.00001025822,0.00049504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964239,0.0006410551,0.0009647057,0.0006429515,0.000006278496,0.00003782989,0.000004726562,0.00001692561,0.001261639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7783196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060343230","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9325-1","title":"Metal Content in Soil and Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Trees in the Sudbury Region (Ontario, Canada): Low Concentration of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Nickel Detected near Smelter Sources","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Smelting; Black spruce; Reforestation; Arsenic; Environmental science; Cadmium; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental chemistry; Ecotoxicology; Soil contamination; Soil water; Ecology; Chemistry; Taiga; Soil science; Agroforestry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"K. K. Nkongolo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alain Vaillancourt","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Dobrzeniecka","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Mehes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Beckett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01042805032871005,"gpt":0.1744436276096727,"spread":0.1640155772809627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003299141,0.0001004734,0.0001990218,0.00001460209,0.00005404476,0.000009664132,0.00006357391,0.0001205331,0.0002304064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002984044,0.00005106317,0.00001896555,0.0000345299,0.0003642434,0.00002327206,0.00004314099,0.000112899,4.918288e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007001167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000144498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1838803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9262313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991043,0.0001438711,0.0002922392,0.0001912806,0.0001024759,0.0001658444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994324,0.0003419476,0.0001434594,0.00003180231,0.000007051772,0.00004330548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003209466,0.0002553113,0.768113,0.00001372765,0.0000221826,0.00003932861,0.001642617,0.000004134553,0.2143678,0.0003614963,0.000113308,0.01474607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000718832,0.0004321448,0.9892102,0.000006645897,0.00001290474,0.000020854,0.002330074,0.00005085222,0.003720281,0.00001304722,0.003403204,0.0000808937],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971536,0.0002328776,0.000001079206,0.002084482,0.00003113207,0.0002577967,0.000009332498,0.000002049299,0.0002276351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990894,0.00008866588,0.00001184818,0.0005489333,0.00001282737,0.000005621849,0.00001774917,8.943551e-7,0.0002240481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.742351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8215543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081403186","doi":"10.1007/s0012800206","title":"Nitrate Concentrations in Private Rural Drinking Water Supplies in Saskatchewan, Canada","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Health","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrate; Ecotoxicology; Water pollution; Environmental science; Water supply; Wastewater; Water quality; Environmental chemistry; Water resource management; Environmental protection; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Thomas S. Thompson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004456635017101068,"gpt":0.1793185049592905,"spread":0.1748618699421894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001157217,0.0001273781,0.0001658513,0.00004128327,0.00004912286,0.000007814643,0.00007697984,0.00006398579,0.004627455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002490522,0.0001102973,0.00001859361,0.00003540946,0.0001758269,0.00004478225,0.00008952911,0.00008220364,0.000036808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003289627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009794032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04427494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5609735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990584,0.00007457175,0.0002713041,0.0001889542,0.0001392836,0.0002675214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997854,0.00003709338,0.00005044621,0.00007730332,8.475199e-7,0.00004887034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005885267,0.0001824019,0.7983937,0.000002958271,0.000007682706,0.00007467359,0.0008273106,0.00009251459,0.1975053,0.00006238427,0.00008986129,0.002702359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001697742,0.0001164321,0.9012811,0.00000853783,0.000008785205,0.00003366225,0.002940139,0.00007301469,0.0827797,0.000104718,0.01078771,0.0001685129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977884,0.0000350893,0.000005192194,0.0008261682,0.00004047188,0.0002370741,0.000006093922,0.000004859402,0.001056707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982058,0.00004500816,0.0002118663,0.0002352793,0.000006927874,0.00002239753,0.00004222397,0.000007685925,0.001222783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5166985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388509475","doi":"10.1007/s00128-023-03820-7","title":"Toxic Tire Wear Compounds (6PPD-Q and 4-ADPA) Detected in Airborne Particulate Matter Along a Highway in Mississippi, USA","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Particulates; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Pollution; Orbitrap; Road dust; Air pollution; Health hazard; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Chromatography; Ecology; Environmental health","authors":[{"name":"Boluwatife S. Olubusoye","is_ca":false},{"name":"James V. Cizdziel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew T. Moore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Pineda","is_ca":true},{"name":"Viviane Yargeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin R. Bennett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006825870352005486,"gpt":0.1981392510459512,"spread":0.1913133806939457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002851809,0.00013665,0.0001953554,0.0001143973,0.00006874878,0.00001117769,0.00006293139,0.0001244087,0.004103989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003288268,0.0001396996,0.00001757535,0.0001130031,0.0002822647,0.00003316075,0.000147815,0.0001324035,0.0004294828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001066858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003379359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002131993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008627293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988713,0.0001323172,0.0003105444,0.0003004629,0.0001281817,0.0002572399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995652,0.0001796159,0.00008804022,0.00008749962,0.00000100663,0.0000785658],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108871,0.0002794508,0.76712,0.00002911752,0.00001168369,0.00006927798,0.0006073246,0.0001851011,0.2177972,0.0001002796,0.00137484,0.01231686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001097261,0.0001485293,0.986755,0.00001967333,0.000008357651,0.00001964768,0.0001189115,0.002800405,0.002528338,0.00003309612,0.006330268,0.0001405714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980176,0.00003933807,0.00001409575,0.0008932477,0.00005736793,0.000199799,0.00002099518,0.00001039962,0.000747169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988941,0.00007646971,0.0001401409,0.0001879702,0.000005777687,0.00001849554,0.00001651306,0.00001023729,0.0006502708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.219635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975063661","doi":"10.1007/s00128-012-0923-1","title":"Anthropogenic Contamination of Metals in Sediments of the Santa Rosalía Harbor, Baja California Peninsula","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Instituto Politécnico Nacional","keywords":"Sediment; Environmental chemistry; Biota; Environmental science; Contamination; Enrichment factor; Ecotoxicology; Bay; Peninsula; Estuary; Geology; Heavy metals; Oceanography; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Evgueni Shumilin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ángel R. Jiménez-Illescas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silverio López-López","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009004850356297365,"gpt":0.2293301498496282,"spread":0.2203252994933308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008883701,0.0001932892,0.0003883755,0.000071799,0.00005810616,0.000002437264,0.0002270461,0.000158741,0.007363491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008716531,0.0001640684,0.00009174736,0.00009274008,0.001105717,0.00007914593,0.0003686155,0.000135323,0.00008047362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002364461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006341092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001206476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002441568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978966,0.0003985696,0.0006953959,0.0002637014,0.0004467109,0.0002989931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989606,0.0001777374,0.000488988,0.0002842817,0.000002998483,0.00008543889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005128604,0.00106604,0.6253167,0.00002794558,0.00003307214,9.885274e-7,0.0004183145,0.00006555177,0.3687418,0.0002429997,0.0001397399,0.003895516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009775775,0.0001723629,0.8253015,0.00001477902,0.00004757383,0.000006712551,0.0002293138,0.00008971546,0.1597881,0.00001863365,0.01323006,0.0001235997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972441,0.0005117666,0.00008661119,0.0002789307,0.0001516247,0.0005524376,0.00008004544,0.000004449713,0.001090076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988128,0.0002906974,0.0003945847,0.0001565587,0.00001188024,0.00002990453,0.00001129738,0.00001786676,0.0002744055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2089537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001172873","doi":"10.1007/s00128-014-1208-7","title":"Differences in Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury Biomagnification in a Tropical Marine Food Web","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; International Atomic Energy Agency; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Biomagnification; Methylmercury; Trophic level; Food web; Mercury (programming language); Bay; Environmental chemistry; Tropical marine climate; Ecotoxicology; Chemistry; Shrimp; Ecology; Biology; Bioaccumulation; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Tércia G. Seixas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isabel Moreira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Salvatore Siciliano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olaf Malm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helena A. Kehrig","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01040811134100018,"gpt":0.2141873352391173,"spread":0.2037792238981171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002196153,0.0001151282,0.0002188349,0.00008911663,0.00003810237,0.000006345256,0.00006016892,0.00008728964,0.002086918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006935652,0.0001090394,0.00001560772,0.00006270038,0.0003727076,0.00004108619,0.0001541347,0.00008629694,0.00002980775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006282848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002484178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000521746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005425168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990278,0.0001798514,0.0002847421,0.0002428924,0.0001158039,0.0001488718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999608,0.0001643075,0.00009458345,0.00007820799,0.000001284452,0.00005358389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002440369,0.0001703038,0.9258581,0.00001031226,0.000005748257,8.508019e-7,0.0003976384,3.95123e-7,0.04629365,0.0007092354,0.00005161053,0.02647776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000954339,0.0003992345,0.9923754,0.000005519852,0.000007923612,0.000005920091,0.0003522434,0.0001228523,0.001526056,0.0002304256,0.003914111,0.0001060253],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963812,0.0001103037,0.00003014697,0.001281387,0.00003098187,0.0001930109,0.000007017922,0.000006135296,0.001959847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998978,0.0004120809,0.0001948345,0.0002329672,0.000007531605,0.00002639271,0.000006393965,0.000005833129,0.0001359256],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06651725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015856102","doi":"10.1007/s00128-014-1264-z","title":"Uptake and Translocation of Metals in Different Parts of Crop Plants Irrigated with Contaminated Water from DEPZ Area of Bangladesh","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Bioconcentration; Bioaccumulation; Soil water; Crop; Arable land; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Ecotoxicology; Metal; Chemistry; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Biomagnification; Transfer factor; Agronomy; Soil contamination; Environmental science; Biology; Agriculture; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"M.A. Goni","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Ahmad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad A. Halim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Md. Abdul Mottalib","is_ca":false},{"name":"Didarul A. Chowdhury","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008062428711738373,"gpt":0.1910553446745344,"spread":0.182992915962796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000366478,0.0001952905,0.0005477574,0.00007537787,0.0000236483,0.000002666296,0.0001068193,0.0001419083,0.002505463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002441922,0.0001462843,0.00003570021,0.00002973402,0.0008756526,0.00004749252,0.00008923206,0.00008556554,0.000005617435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000577701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002273558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002131587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001767181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983149,0.0002547813,0.0006535219,0.0003199897,0.0002700311,0.0001868476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992253,0.0002189313,0.0002987715,0.0001847732,0.000003215229,0.00006904416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002815644,0.0007516331,0.1238231,0.0000419013,0.00006575102,0.000002935881,0.001169586,0.0002131148,0.859781,0.00005094144,0.00001181439,0.0138066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001558786,0.0005296757,0.6038766,0.0000345682,0.00003905013,0.000003572464,0.0001974964,0.0002699043,0.392834,0.00004040423,0.0005194269,0.00009657109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985732,0.0001147836,0.000310541,0.0001624239,0.00002437098,0.0003945874,0.0000591587,0.000004106915,0.0003568508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993041,0.0001389564,0.0003305975,0.00004945761,0.000003458892,0.00002379614,0.00006584129,0.00001418841,0.00006965211],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4800534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084439930","doi":"10.1007/s00128-008-9480-z","title":"Mercury Contamination of Soil as the Result of Long-Term Phosphate Fertilizer Production","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Fertilizer; Phosphate fertilizer; Contamination; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Soil contamination; Mercury contamination; Ecotoxicology; Chemistry; Soil water; Soil science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Nicolai Mirlean","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paulo Roberto Martins Baisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isabel Cristina Machado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Evgueni Shumilin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0143289247205094,"gpt":0.2368120770239793,"spread":0.2224831523034699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003286309,0.0001290247,0.0002405113,0.00004232921,0.0001347789,0.000002154872,0.000103976,0.00008154785,0.00286768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001141089,0.0001030165,0.00005427526,0.00006153524,0.001237832,0.00006127447,0.0001102498,0.0000770819,0.00005035546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005896859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007327444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008863241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003867952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987887,0.0001370829,0.0004369488,0.0002179611,0.0002815003,0.0001378552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999259,0.0001234805,0.0003979269,0.0001647612,0.00001278831,0.00004203896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004627389,0.0009490476,0.4737455,0.00007528475,0.00011215,0.000009154634,0.00600712,0.00007275913,0.4672187,0.0004730498,0.002625595,0.04824892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005998644,0.0003147045,0.8109255,0.00001138185,0.00003175775,0.00003303591,0.0003679969,0.000008834489,0.1856856,0.00002760966,0.001914061,0.00007963133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994689,0.0003390859,0.0000349254,0.001220857,0.000112675,0.0003681806,0.00001280026,0.000006968659,0.003215517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959062,0.001009265,0.00004287271,0.0001804034,0.0000135609,0.00002275625,0.00001540264,0.000008482133,0.002801031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.33718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2942927065","doi":"10.1007/s00128-019-02627-9","title":"Effects of Farming Activities on the Biogeochemistry of Mercury in Rice–Paddy Soil Systems","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Methylmercury; Environmental science; Mercury (programming language); Agriculture; Wetland; Soil water; Fertilizer; Agronomy; Environmental remediation; Paddy field; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Soil science; Bioaccumulation; Contamination","authors":[{"name":"Wenli Tang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suwei Yao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuxi Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huan Zhong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01723298178471123,"gpt":0.2542162699667569,"spread":0.2369832881820457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003286593,0.0002395613,0.0009381308,0.00007959927,0.00003807238,0.000003946367,0.0001591821,0.0002098863,0.0006082302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007465203,0.0001757659,0.0001287019,0.0000706026,0.0005295963,0.00001950812,0.000172776,0.0001701613,0.00003477423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001285803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001105508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000647593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003981523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.0002820257,0.0005528911,0.0002494661,0.0002295134,0.000158852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977968,0.001295338,0.0007016047,0.0001735742,0.000002000406,0.00003066248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001416309,0.002481071,0.004351954,0.05414779,0.0007777985,0.0000235062,0.002779711,0.00004079457,0.08104053,0.001388621,0.003149032,0.8496776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001576942,0.001037509,0.01881283,0.005928183,0.0008026978,0.00003480076,0.002373209,0.00001664697,0.02360664,0.00001871278,0.9450609,0.0007309245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.2484129,0.7448424,0.000003769159,0.00007332853,0.0001933566,0.001350778,0.0001221048,0.000005641496,0.004995723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3893183,0.6098703,0.000005344266,0.00003165257,0.000009558655,0.0000731395,0.00001563165,0.00001277086,0.0006633941],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9419119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7167524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791048683","doi":"10.1007/s00128-018-2309-5","title":"Heavy Rare Earth Elements Affect Sphaerechinus granularis Sea Urchin Early Life Stages by Multiple Toxicity Endpoints","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sea urchin; Sperm; Biology; Embryo; Toxicity; Spermicide; Offspring; Developmental toxicity; Chemistry; Toxicology; Andrology; Ecology; Population; Cell biology; Fetus; Research methodology; Pregnancy; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Maria Flavia Gravina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanni Pagano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rahime Oral","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Guida","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Toscanesi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonietta Siciliano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aldo Di Nunzio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petra Burić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Mark Lyons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe J. Thomas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marco Trifuoggi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006085768871771312,"gpt":0.1923101971509587,"spread":0.1862244282791873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000305982,0.0001888034,0.0002606452,0.00005371762,0.0002276455,0.00002375528,0.0001412991,0.0001180808,0.02327743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000560087,0.0001788158,0.0000690727,0.00005114808,0.0003499018,0.00005720362,0.00004609736,0.0001275322,0.0002198336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009992261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008158871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006449891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009408777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986044,0.0001818984,0.0003327396,0.0003547801,0.000236654,0.0002895076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993596,0.0001328229,0.0001780508,0.0001368359,0.000008507272,0.0001841747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001924985,0.0001940437,0.9560277,0.00002215881,0.0000731543,0.000005615325,0.0001576791,0.000003792895,0.02140626,0.000004952773,0.001726896,0.02018526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001163708,0.0009882211,0.9014465,0.000008051238,0.0000408532,0.000007989291,0.0002378754,0.0003516353,0.07779425,0.00002419798,0.01773613,0.0002006089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964157,0.0002719403,0.00006551642,0.0003944979,0.00007149202,0.0002291764,0.0006887845,0.000017065,0.001845856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971655,0.00009098293,0.0002939088,0.0005436268,0.00004814256,0.000003712944,0.0005275056,0.000004755794,0.001321884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05638798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9776154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997136554","doi":"10.1007/s00128-004-0420-2","title":"Mercury and Other Contaminants in Fish from Lake Chad, Africa","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Mercury contamination; Ecotoxicology; Contamination; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Environmental science; Water pollution; Environmental chemistry; Fishery; Water pollutants; Environmental protection; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Karen A. Kidd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gary A. Stern","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacques Lemoalle","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01210973876821671,"gpt":0.2217549021928514,"spread":0.2096451634246347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001192525,0.0001266112,0.0002025654,0.00003960294,0.0000606864,0.000006757304,0.0000575436,0.00009003534,0.00571929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002688108,0.000123209,0.00002072841,0.000031637,0.00043388,0.0000398852,0.0001209622,0.00007570079,0.00008707895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006508579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002671193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002411051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001760656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991721,0.00005877648,0.0002314775,0.0002423307,0.0001262071,0.0001691354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996608,0.00008996225,0.00009893511,0.00008204024,0.000001134585,0.00006711626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001604441,0.0008655328,0.8490253,0.00001672752,0.00006078076,0.00003535249,0.008513167,0.00002700963,0.08091917,0.001300335,0.002460349,0.05661583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001602379,0.000169556,0.8539627,0.00001150718,0.00000995407,0.000008231581,0.0007791985,0.000004227893,0.002375457,0.0002924333,0.1406579,0.0001265144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911838,0.0001973404,0.00003558888,0.001383375,0.0000460094,0.0002051031,0.00008973954,0.000007921803,0.006851163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977986,0.000353225,0.0002257631,0.00108992,0.00001066094,0.00002015558,0.00001039194,0.000008780658,0.0004824967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1381975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998488710","doi":"10.1007/s00128-011-0458-x","title":"Methylmercury Concentrations in Six Fish Species from Two Colombian Rivers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Universidad de Antioquia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Catfish; Methylmercury; Ecotoxicology; Mercury (programming language); Fish <Actinopterygii>; Fishery; Sentinel species; Mercury contamination; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Environmental science; Zoology; Ecology; Chemistry; Bioaccumulation","authors":[{"name":"Santiago Álvarez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ashley M. Jessick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaime Palacio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan S. Kolok","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02079317438877829,"gpt":0.2291385623321845,"spread":0.2083453879434062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001390986,0.0001199426,0.0001920789,0.00004038028,0.00007650866,0.00000549063,0.00008872711,0.00006837239,0.03547662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003433595,0.0001256964,0.00003328628,0.00004358978,0.0006199156,0.00006179864,0.0001091968,0.00008330662,0.000131538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001077018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003785829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005809022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009465727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990819,0.0001159522,0.0002683136,0.0002303,0.0001319195,0.0001716043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995716,0.0001314149,0.0001248427,0.00009806835,0.000002084569,0.00007194789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006803772,0.0003214019,0.9157875,0.000003456432,0.00003391872,0.00001268575,0.00497336,0.000007399618,0.06337809,0.00131115,0.003019139,0.01108382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001019882,0.0001471698,0.9480099,0.0000044049,0.00001832763,0.000002172807,0.001717791,0.00001617843,0.01123974,0.0002114573,0.03749127,0.0001216889],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9679449,0.00005471279,0.00003709195,0.0005127414,0.0000883994,0.0002238718,0.00009289927,0.000009832444,0.03103559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974396,0.0002258001,0.000623189,0.0006840319,0.00001219284,0.00001699516,0.00003186675,0.000006738854,0.0009595334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05213835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9654051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033183678","doi":"10.1007/s00128-005-0638-7","title":"Followup Study of Mercury Pollution in Indigenous Tribe Reservations in the Province of Ontario, Canada, 1975–2002","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Manitoba Beekeepers' Association","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Mercury (programming language); Tribe; Mercury pollution; Pollution; Ecotoxicology; Environmental protection; Geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Biology; Sociology; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"M Harada","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tadashi Fujino","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Oorui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shigeharu Nakachi","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Nou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takako Kizaki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Y Hitomi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nobuhiro Nakano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hideki Ohno","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01092782012058192,"gpt":0.2253719468072339,"spread":0.214444126686652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004177473,0.00009438273,0.000210745,0.00006574893,0.00005540326,0.000002085807,0.0001226885,0.00005061591,0.001622769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003357199,0.00008121878,0.00001925658,0.00008688166,0.0001793073,0.00004498039,0.00007255164,0.00009974479,0.00000402622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004377426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006196531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4620129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9634672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998815,0.0001708207,0.0004496566,0.0001571448,0.0002657556,0.0001416269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995224,0.0001046117,0.0002215617,0.0001236008,0.000003134844,0.00002471337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001115651,0.002567514,0.9502083,0.00001534921,0.00002685917,0.00001018502,0.02250273,0.0005418949,0.01010429,0.0001151828,0.002922377,0.01087377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001171097,0.00046116,0.9731019,0.000006300001,0.00001323868,0.000002713312,0.003698242,0.000008177799,0.001036974,0.000009545961,0.02042252,0.00006817807],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960537,0.00008449335,0.000003300821,0.001158078,0.00002550687,0.0006472699,0.00001618186,0.000001405335,0.002010064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983838,0.00002694193,0.00005766312,0.0002869807,0.00000439012,0.00003315978,0.000006017358,0.000003776806,0.001197324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5014542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040334951","doi":"10.1007/s00128-012-0836-z","title":"Comparison of Historical Record of PCDD/Fs, Dioxin-Like PCBs, and PCNs in Sediment Cores from Jiaozhou Bay and Coastal Yellow Sea: Implication of Different Sources","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bay; Sediment; Environmental chemistry; Sediment core; Contamination; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Incineration; Environmental science; Seawater; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geology; Ecology; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Jing Pan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongliang Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sachi Taniyasu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leo W. Y. Yeung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jerzy Falandysz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nobuyoshi Yamashita","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01188168652373251,"gpt":0.2355663761362941,"spread":0.2236846896125616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002031005,0.0001529741,0.0004424863,0.00006196389,0.00002856989,0.000002308994,0.00008601255,0.0001275612,0.00107894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003481166,0.0001434796,0.0000283084,0.0000390233,0.0005461618,0.00004920072,0.0002063102,0.00009305717,0.000002916993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001928794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004219809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004353018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003020375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987082,0.0001329984,0.0005300501,0.0002269815,0.0002146666,0.0001870646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990999,0.0002282583,0.0004257687,0.0001351116,0.000001430409,0.0001096062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007577788,0.0005734914,0.6897579,0.0000122306,0.00001545298,2.417052e-7,0.00100714,9.247689e-7,0.2886536,0.00001453607,0.0001001716,0.01978859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009581308,0.0005535723,0.9113446,0.00001445096,0.00003570569,0.000003853014,0.0005940461,0.00005816483,0.08465412,0.00002078999,0.001657492,0.0001050796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984924,0.0005550202,0.00006654334,0.0002242071,0.00007872361,0.0002433638,0.000134098,0.00000406982,0.0002015442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992483,0.0002145913,0.000348299,0.00003414918,0.00001160849,0.000005711299,0.00001075391,0.00001082777,0.000115744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2215867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039054213","doi":"10.1007/s00128-014-1320-8","title":"Trace Elements in Blood of Sea Turtles Lepidochelys olivacea in the Gulf of California, Mexico","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Turtle Biology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; EcoHealth Alliance","keywords":"Heavy metals; Ecotoxicology; Trace metal; Biology; Population; Fishery; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Zoology; Metal; Chemistry; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Alan A. Zavala‐Norzagaray","is_ca":false},{"name":"César P. Ley‐Quiñónez","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Leticia Espinosa-Carreón","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrián Canizalez‐Román","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine E. Hart","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Alonso Aguirre","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006549332636844873,"gpt":0.2032463500724875,"spread":0.1966970174356426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069229,0.00008888831,0.0001885087,0.00004752272,0.0000224661,0.000001425473,0.0001437484,0.00009464124,0.001737158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000594702,0.00007369004,0.00002867867,0.00005083659,0.0003787431,0.00002061838,0.00006799104,0.00008727908,0.00001782843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002839446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002823268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001880212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003582947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988744,0.0003164141,0.0003883242,0.0001676207,0.0001298162,0.0001233783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994275,0.000218883,0.0002174919,0.0001160973,0.000001819953,0.00001822339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005997875,0.0005471808,0.9339116,0.00001383112,0.000008778012,0.000001735747,0.0004087492,0.00004079459,0.05535357,0.0005231621,0.0001202986,0.009010299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001171671,0.0003267235,0.9687989,0.000009435254,0.0000155821,0.000006966986,0.000376816,0.000132256,0.02114525,0.0002954378,0.007650764,0.00007013392],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963528,0.00008196227,0.00003994784,0.0009064599,0.00002092816,0.000210399,0.00002179106,0.000001818847,0.00236391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999216,0.00007689567,0.000211725,0.0003309707,0.000005032323,0.00001762587,0.00001449675,0.00000386067,0.0001233583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03488734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}