{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cb2434c06672","filters":{"venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists"}},"results":[{"id":"W4389488555","doi":"10.18061/bssb.v2i1.9358","title":"The Species as a Reproductive Community Emerging From the Past","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Reproductive success; Ecology; Diversification (marketing strategy); Evolutionary biology; Reproductive isolation; Biodiversity; Phylogenetic tree; Sociology; Demography; Population; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Wayne P. Maddison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeannette Whitton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0900391930911786,"gpt":0.2369219150093951,"spread":0.1468827219182166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003726779,0.0005274721,0.0005574123,0.002690048,0.006786988,0.008279002,0.001302662,0.003009073,0.004548951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004515671,0.0003654191,0.000480048,0.001722479,0.04182111,0.01854864,0.00575167,0.004530223,0.0007499254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003492603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00271375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002548197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003453857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975719,0.001244405,0.00006964723,0.0005077502,0.0004217816,0.0001844607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969458,0.001267981,0.0003009691,0.0005322393,0.0004664578,0.0004866035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006615247,0.000003660687,0.0004058915,0.00004866507,0.000004912997,0.00006395457,0.006306978,0.00009379972,0.0002058241,0.9838495,0.001383208,0.007626956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005509785,0.0000200424,0.0009499482,0.0001483612,0.000009994778,0.000292314,0.003098263,0.0003608978,0.0000942197,0.864772,0.1302317,0.00001670089],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1205169,0.05625625,0.09492345,0.06961392,0.003678593,0.0001435815,0.0005028505,0.0002185989,0.6541458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9419154,0.009133074,0.02163504,0.005476008,0.001750929,0.0001252301,0.0001545297,0.0001210457,0.01968878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008279002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0253408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400536740","doi":"10.18061/bssb.v3i1.9227","title":"Distinguishing Between Histories of Speciation and Introgression Using Genomic Data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Introgression; Genetic algorithm; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Mark S. Hibbins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew W. Hahn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06249307062884996,"gpt":0.284504807157482,"spread":0.222011736528632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004363082,0.0004454332,0.0009018218,0.002397251,0.0009032794,0.002634701,0.0006141915,0.0009262559,0.001002543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02097343,0.0004392888,0.001108952,0.002074631,0.001867323,0.002661452,0.001373598,0.001475537,0.0003508536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001058498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008653319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002002828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004379835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982279,0.001024841,0.0001179385,0.0003431396,0.00022639,0.00005988769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9780503,0.01664251,0.002362067,0.00182325,0.0007093707,0.0004126251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002540126,0.0001129549,0.6783202,0.0006107076,0.000671414,0.0005294693,0.001793876,0.146709,0.02759181,0.0241749,0.001477028,0.1177546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002584708,0.00008543429,0.1584864,0.0001262205,0.0001445504,0.0005573529,0.0006623408,0.7052261,0.00631566,0.1247417,0.003526121,0.000102349],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.757611,0.0007114731,0.2359671,0.001006164,0.00004333078,0.00003782688,0.001183141,0.000542579,0.002897372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514162,0.0003645898,0.04653499,0.0001416137,0.00001802478,0.00002409253,0.001202816,0.00009365567,0.0002040762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004363082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02307445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384694279","doi":"10.18061/bssb.v2i1.9248","title":"The Phylogenetic Placement of an Enigmatic Moth Egybolis Vaillantina Based on Museomics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Kansainvälisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteistyön Keskus; Suomen Kulttuurirahasto; Alfred Kordelinin Säätiö","keywords":"Subfamily; Erebidae; Tribe; Genus; Clade; Zoology; Phylogenetic tree; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Reza Zahiri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeremy D. Holloway","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hamid Reza Ghanavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leif Aarvik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niklas Wahlberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01819760748398258,"gpt":0.2369110296375794,"spread":0.2187134221535968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002905453,0.0003216462,0.0002592635,0.001322742,0.001041761,0.0007933828,0.0002305447,0.0004312682,0.001412006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006188045,0.0001137432,0.0001891811,0.0008221905,0.0004596892,0.0005964558,0.000818777,0.0005365026,0.0003269057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003020943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002828786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001554683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004161892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998832,0.00001977271,0.000005208469,0.00005049442,0.00001954876,0.0000217908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997432,0.00006067397,0.00009456074,0.0000293401,0.00003004081,0.00004228409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008382507,0.00004720024,0.2993042,0.0005689145,0.0002206341,0.00202956,0.005121803,0.0008218482,0.6089658,0.002524761,0.0008424032,0.07871459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001820068,0.0001542416,0.9556021,0.0002453741,0.0001492052,0.003231521,0.002727407,0.003257983,0.007975699,0.002149124,0.02445,0.00003909169],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903257,0.00362254,0.002830101,0.0003168727,0.00003345507,0.00001159345,0.0005594075,0.00004535788,0.002255115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926916,0.001339391,0.003932965,0.0001680599,0.00002745852,0.00001150557,0.001176133,0.00002675135,0.0006261668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001554683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004723608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387528814","doi":"10.18061/bssb.v2i1.9625","title":"Median-Joining Networks and Bayesian Phylogenies Often Do Not Tell the Same Story","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Bayesian probability; Biology; Inference; Character (mathematics); Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetics; Statistical hypothesis testing; Branching (polymer chemistry); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Sungsik Kong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Santiago J. Sánchez‐Pacheco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert W. Murphy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01926994439724455,"gpt":0.2276801124088637,"spread":0.2084101680116192,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03863078,0.001670874,0.003048939,0.008600479,0.002014468,0.006625308,0.003714629,0.00430966,0.006279149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1525483,0.001411056,0.001958244,0.01088428,0.009395048,0.01838841,0.003765456,0.006876395,0.001723653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001558602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001081699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001554189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001678381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9680769,0.0184051,0.001897463,0.005911354,0.005261729,0.0004474374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8398482,0.1353975,0.01152161,0.009166196,0.003171788,0.0008946401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000794134,0.0001205467,0.07131505,0.003650899,0.004917002,0.001038345,0.00610246,0.07806904,0.003074906,0.4998385,0.01133164,0.3197476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000553904,0.0001106828,0.01566054,0.000498372,0.0003025761,0.0008060589,0.001384965,0.08856886,0.001333355,0.8659309,0.02515191,0.000196355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05044854,0.008735631,0.924567,0.003895518,0.0003507502,0.0001466869,0.001919542,0.0007362582,0.009199964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5008874,0.007572913,0.4825938,0.002322205,0.0007108376,0.0006059427,0.002965141,0.000767981,0.001573783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9613692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2043015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210303716","doi":"10.18061/bssb.v1i1.8340","title":"Enhanced monography in a collaboratively evolved hub for systematic biology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Heritage College","funders":"Ohio State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jennifer C. Gir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eugenio Valderrama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick M. O’Connor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nancy B. Simmons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deborah Paul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Yoder","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02266999466704947,"gpt":0.277791874500686,"spread":0.2551218798336365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003674832,0.0005207456,0.000463489,0.00533239,0.001411805,0.003837976,0.001417437,0.00133808,0.1477353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009101033,0.0004367647,0.0005384532,0.004862562,0.0005299965,0.006613485,0.006489391,0.001075401,0.05907321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000824503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003385142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002425791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006104736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988551,0.0003609547,0.0001166905,0.0002372625,0.000355944,0.00007404329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918168,0.001859532,0.000265745,0.002643205,0.001575044,0.001839697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003659154,0.0001789435,0.002107971,0.0007428887,0.00004721009,0.0005651006,0.001506618,0.001301989,0.009908019,0.02881668,0.4395676,0.5148911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002865681,0.00004183802,0.001085565,0.0001205104,0.00002405832,0.0001792163,0.0001946173,0.002316693,0.001915381,0.008231315,0.9858306,0.00003162168],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02139711,0.003604105,0.5201482,0.02103029,0.009574779,0.001063304,0.04275694,0.1061478,0.2742775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06623398,0.002148579,0.4913848,0.001906686,0.002085843,0.0006178631,0.07204615,0.01342008,0.350156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1477353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4942237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414201389","doi":"10.18061/bssb.5811","title":"A Common Garden of <em>Halichondria </em>Sponges: Taxonomic Revision of Northeast Pacific Halichondriidae Reveals Many Cryptic Introduced Species","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huntsman Marine Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Sympatric speciation; Reproductive isolation; Species complex; Clade; Habitat; Taxonomy (biology); Biogeography; Diversification (marketing strategy)","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0309741405184446,"gpt":0.2614598999545903,"spread":0.2304857594361457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004569947,0.0001286076,0.0001219404,0.0007443357,0.001266674,0.0007584698,0.0002717589,0.0002001335,0.002714498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006877948,0.0001095096,0.00009250471,0.000569267,0.002986194,0.0006567921,0.0007485963,0.000382764,0.0001901901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008972705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001140446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0143076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03957827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997624,0.00003973057,0.00001542315,0.00008710239,0.00006972805,0.00002576422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989598,0.0001916458,0.0003351622,0.0001923884,0.0001641978,0.0001568551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001836241,0.00003887145,0.634182,0.000190935,0.00004050292,0.002587937,0.01110142,0.0003515492,0.04935018,0.01641709,0.003092128,0.2824638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013815,0.0001174164,0.8956021,0.0001159349,0.00003375957,0.003885942,0.01017619,0.001526128,0.008802017,0.004435979,0.07525957,0.00003109093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758095,0.0004934192,0.002471413,0.000701565,0.00001969347,0.00002403657,0.0001887801,0.00005927581,0.0202323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948101,0.000194171,0.002001731,0.00008133895,0.000007841078,0.000008453094,0.00008742956,0.000007550953,0.002801405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0143076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02844864,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}