{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"49a0710d16b2","filters":{"venue":"Business and commercial aviation"}},"results":[{"id":"W2261401935","doi":"","title":"Crossing over : border issues between the U.S. and Canada : yes, captain, when you're in Canada, you are in a foreign country...","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Aeronautics; Engineering; Political science; International trade; Telecommunications; Business","authors":[{"name":"David Esler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02471699710838442,"gpt":0.2747192448538382,"spread":0.2500022477454538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002786137,0.00008801132,0.0001534574,0.00002906573,0.0003410586,0.0001496939,0.00009922418,0.00005337205,0.00001373396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000171304,0.0000783287,0.000005544378,0.000261272,0.0001033554,0.0001936895,0.00002710474,0.00009245314,1.242614e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007881956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004198335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991028,0.0000726553,0.0001595234,0.0001340663,0.0002864177,0.0002445797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995776,0.00005491078,0.00009933014,0.00007748387,0.00009306778,0.00009756791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009872209,0.000003724733,0.9559483,0.000009710046,0.000002451895,0.000006705608,0.005939339,0.00001309955,1.455239e-7,0.001385485,0.02658265,0.01009851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000221849,0.000001652111,0.7508379,0.00003200573,0.000004016891,2.127424e-7,0.00297942,0.00002834079,3.280551e-7,0.0009344112,0.2448739,0.0000859352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674177,0.001034705,0.000007655914,0.0301651,0.0001055765,0.0001705806,0.0001888105,0.000003470377,0.000906433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997008,0.00007647282,0.000004642366,0.002304426,0.0002752871,0.000008904478,0.00001333184,0.000005954711,0.0003029389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2182913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7447665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W560800087","doi":"","title":"OPERATING IN CANADA: ATC IN TRANSITION","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"Law, logistics, and international trade","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transition (genetics); Environmental science; Transport engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"David Esler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02883276169407474,"gpt":0.1931110165632784,"spread":0.1642782548692037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008464434,0.00007922355,0.000111069,0.0001072482,0.00006612836,0.00008915778,0.00005893405,0.00003057871,0.0001149237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004760652,0.00008168165,0.00000959501,0.0002832611,0.00001717122,0.0005475916,0.00001761326,0.0000649085,0.000008144557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001090317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002431011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.777397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.853014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994034,0.000006950558,0.0002114757,0.0001264446,0.0001300238,0.000121704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998007,0.00001738253,0.00005629093,0.00004393368,0.00007639753,0.00000522735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000223414,0.0002660767,0.8447011,0.0002285324,0.000009104037,0.00004258177,0.0004780905,0.003237542,0.0002141733,0.08037366,0.00264874,0.06777807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005161563,0.000001754466,0.9555441,0.00005199408,0.000004675404,7.292583e-7,0.0001084092,0.04066258,0.000004698812,0.001031154,0.001951214,0.0001225837],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853832,0.00007761421,0.0009484357,0.006379513,0.0003381684,0.0001299246,0.000003372139,0.00001504747,0.006724785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997245,0.0000367027,0.00002667936,0.002148375,0.0004632659,0.00001090238,0.00003694765,0.000007122753,0.00002505331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.110843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3330881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W767446828","doi":"","title":"P&WC: FULL THROTTLE AT 75","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"Organizational Downsizing and Restructuring","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Throttle; Automotive engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Robert A Searles","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00958820608896103,"gpt":0.1896372495237445,"spread":0.1800490434347835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005781347,0.000109451,0.0001052986,0.00008901533,0.0003981188,0.0001682502,0.00006997044,0.00005667642,0.00009406412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004418037,0.00009670296,0.0000198453,0.0003748216,0.0000329511,0.0004957353,0.0001185315,0.00004831282,0.0001586472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003796242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001221671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006308958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000238407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994201,0.000002750144,0.0001350872,0.0001604527,0.0001479343,0.0001336923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996441,0.000007980623,0.00009240305,0.00008839418,0.0001580384,0.000009072111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000360257,0.0005506361,0.3507349,0.0009753305,0.0000899584,0.00003373168,0.0005398553,0.00430708,0.02178746,0.5207621,0.006148891,0.09370977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007185197,0.00000452109,0.9689648,0.00004299742,0.00002794539,0.00000677768,0.0000251269,0.00009569232,0.0001869004,0.01380686,0.01591674,0.0002031039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905501,0.00009509317,0.001591688,0.003735609,0.0005120508,0.0001104017,0.000001751548,0.0001073801,0.003295902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972438,0.00002364032,0.0001286912,0.00101354,0.001395352,0.000004548698,0.0000727759,0.0000183401,0.00009929362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6182299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3943432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W640762436","doi":"","title":"FROZEN ASSETS: LIVING WITH CANADA'S USER FEE SYSTEM","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"History of Computing Technologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; User fee; Assisted living; Finance; Medicine; Biology; Gerontology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Paul Richfield","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005082666065260078,"gpt":0.1675610620179842,"spread":0.1624783959527241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001071712,0.0001092114,0.000138669,0.00005241919,0.0002754105,0.0001238005,0.000379055,0.00005007435,0.000007698044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001868366,0.00009531504,0.000009201245,0.0003360324,0.00002726488,0.0002651392,0.00008216497,0.00007261352,0.000006560205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001421807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000168934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08706121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1104915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992419,0.00003430191,0.0001320171,0.0002191199,0.0002138806,0.0001587915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994527,0.00005329264,0.0000686596,0.0002890843,0.0001036539,0.00003265355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001719341,0.00007130624,0.04791709,0.000122414,0.00002756712,0.00003489108,0.0005956477,0.0006428302,0.00004105712,0.05679058,0.01018224,0.8835572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001835099,0.00002861515,0.9481308,0.0001906711,0.000008800464,0.00002558199,0.00003078987,0.005793433,0.00001919761,0.00009214664,0.04524774,0.0002486861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7947291,0.0001599671,0.1965117,0.004434647,0.0003548261,0.0001681721,0.000002136713,0.0007086995,0.002930732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941107,0.000005598159,0.005511949,0.0001505154,0.00005759554,0.000008023793,0.000001812003,0.000007185543,0.0001465949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9002137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9190181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W651038956","doi":"","title":"FIGHTING CABIN FIRE","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wildfire suppression; Aeronautics; Environmental science; Firefighting; Geography; Engineering; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Richard N Aarons","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05162096308633233,"gpt":0.3398985884000029,"spread":0.2882776253136705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003682213,0.00004860953,0.00006838999,0.00003378788,0.0006534026,0.0001139045,0.00008106902,0.00006079081,0.0001495614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001661928,0.0000437878,0.0000145955,0.0003992721,0.00007358062,0.000242047,0.0000241354,0.00006218228,0.00002439196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003174505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006578762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009058392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002971164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993144,0.0000839706,0.00008328039,0.000104626,0.0002131095,0.0002005917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996529,0.00005556832,0.00003158652,0.0000549675,0.0001428112,0.00006219356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000182139,0.00004061219,0.2209783,0.00001008521,0.000002669175,0.000003806033,0.003045991,0.000002101233,0.00006597722,0.01718253,0.0005722111,0.7580776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001683345,0.00000960017,0.9143841,0.00003476748,0.00000479587,8.598537e-7,0.001428972,0.0001250222,0.000009198378,0.002191784,0.08153939,0.0001032025],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697785,0.0001713953,0.0005377007,0.01159879,0.0001635435,0.0001235488,0.000001208743,0.00004481082,0.01758045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977568,0.0008081068,0.00002650232,0.0001591416,0.0003995697,0.000009282044,0.000006941009,0.000003974871,0.000829634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7579743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W635341647","doi":"","title":"USERS PRAISE NAV CANADA, BUT CONTROLLERS FEEL NEGLECTED","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business and commercial aviation","topic":"Engineering and Material Science Research","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Praise; Computer science; Psychology; Human–computer interaction; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Hugh Whittington","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01304002785979511,"gpt":0.232254137268095,"spread":0.2192141094082999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001325019,0.00008527675,0.0001221921,0.00003583114,0.0002049145,0.0001166001,0.0001070775,0.00004139662,0.0001470979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001143718,0.00007502373,0.000009895044,0.0002731042,0.00004780576,0.0001920128,0.00003452281,0.00004233202,0.00001233365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008048268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002013061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4343069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2118865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991885,0.00003829031,0.0001257438,0.0001531219,0.0002341026,0.0002602844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999589,0.00004038008,0.00003861808,0.00009044767,0.0001475646,0.00009404679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000186601,0.00005976454,0.007406642,0.0000529703,0.000006113984,0.00002644193,0.0001419341,0.001091355,0.9557251,0.00223244,0.003666529,0.02940416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000793902,0.00003149926,0.9643441,0.00003824191,0.00001034295,0.00001730693,0.00006670449,0.001464979,0.006615129,0.0001381696,0.02624089,0.0002387156],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932406,0.00007236002,0.002110505,0.003183206,0.0006621535,0.0001220346,0.00001243982,0.00004586134,0.0005508595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989741,0.00007092788,0.0001335662,0.0001589068,0.0001600484,0.00001808133,0.00001096614,0.000006856357,0.0004665545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9569375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8024945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}