{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":49,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":49,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"47220b767089","filters":{"venue":"Calphad"}},"results":[{"id":"W2043865516","doi":"10.1016/s0364-5916(02)00035-4","title":"FactSage thermochemical software and databases","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2266,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Database; Software; Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Software package; Variety (cybernetics); Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02330285507490689,"gpt":0.1991413541532054,"spread":0.1758384990782985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020629,0.00009079712,0.00009737461,0.00001357366,0.00002587449,0.00001508802,0.00006254866,0.00003419051,0.0009541817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002846727,0.00007349093,0.00002116124,0.00004823709,0.00003462292,0.00006989232,0.0000251909,0.00009179723,0.00007553436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007926242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.793874e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001310984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.740279e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996199,0.000003808037,0.00007851655,0.0001021425,0.00006140894,0.0001342513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997421,0.00004229183,0.000006598561,0.0001220386,0.000007335057,0.00007961567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003227323,0.0003724351,0.001014245,0.002248465,0.0004299933,0.0003980018,0.001100575,0.004399543,0.09282517,0.02022487,0.01805872,0.8588957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006959848,0.00003065335,0.00158872,0.00005845531,0.00004590167,0.00006236956,0.00003722009,0.8716578,0.00338361,0.001463558,0.1203095,0.000666137],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8742001,0.008090894,0.09532528,0.00005570379,0.0001577071,0.00009913967,0.00003249369,0.0005602631,0.0214784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984006,0.0004420125,0.0008224883,0.00005475288,0.00004234561,0.000003738148,0.000009816032,0.00001897802,0.0002053119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8672583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002629165","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2008.09.009","title":"FactSage thermochemical software and databases — recent developments","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1639,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Database; Software package; Software; Computer science; Phase (matter); Variety (cybernetics); Chemistry; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03240019134785082,"gpt":0.2198273256959566,"spread":0.1874271343481058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002890214,0.0001114832,0.0001182572,0.00001722508,0.00005567294,0.000007453131,0.00007315991,0.00003873629,0.0002328328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004065299,0.00009174885,0.00001609776,0.00006981392,0.00004577077,0.00007128475,0.00004097885,0.00009741957,0.00003843363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000211017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001157128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001625513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.600895e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994996,0.000004980159,0.00011265,0.0001267438,0.00009352063,0.0001625707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997293,0.0000334636,0.00001006511,0.0001096823,0.00001768833,0.00009973574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001624922,0.0005287959,0.009132662,0.001914388,0.0008307134,0.001260718,0.002392227,0.003032214,0.08823653,0.005114623,0.01237706,0.8750176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00273025,0.00006857211,0.06835359,0.0001948002,0.00007956898,0.0005835251,0.0001036903,0.07104629,0.03054826,0.001714842,0.8222983,0.002278301],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.947781,0.001952705,0.04465241,0.00001936454,0.0001274663,0.0000783939,0.000014164,0.0002561053,0.005118419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934962,0.002615352,0.003594178,0.00007234503,0.00002858719,0.000006598384,0.00004130158,0.00002276718,0.0001226495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8727393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3741409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973473461","doi":"10.1016/s0364-5916(01)00052-9","title":"A general “geometric” thermodynamic model for multicomponent solutions","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":247,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ternary operation; Simple (philosophy); Component (thermodynamics); Binary number; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Applied mathematics; Flexibility (engineering); Gibbs free energy; Computer science; Physics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04228897832774137,"gpt":0.2683588015096011,"spread":0.2260698231818597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001564396,0.00009840782,0.0001500672,0.00009107475,0.0001568096,0.00002925758,0.0001819686,0.00004442695,0.0003356129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002772181,0.0000779453,0.0001172447,0.0001917866,0.00005375949,0.0000599979,0.00004943735,0.00003510311,0.0001546423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004693237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002080473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000850288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002236752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991531,0.00001902002,0.0001671139,0.0002124106,0.0001245305,0.0003238645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995801,0.00003719782,0.00004532947,0.0001985817,0.00005413737,0.00008460339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000475092,0.0001490172,0.00009705827,0.000007382672,0.00001849878,0.000003420715,0.0001378498,0.04037462,0.9502143,0.002801274,0.0004978443,0.005651214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000372058,0.0000210754,0.001095472,0.000003273535,0.00004524365,0.000004942751,0.00001519539,0.9938094,0.002505085,0.0009818589,0.00102094,0.0001254787],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6276553,0.0001358449,0.3714181,0.0002012008,0.00008251988,0.00009954714,0.00003384422,0.00004563824,0.0003280327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885468,0.00002067226,0.007089803,0.0001655471,0.0001005857,0.00005822702,0.00001409687,0.00001240859,0.0039918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9534348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3674726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161383523","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2011.10.007","title":"Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of Mg–Zn, Mg–Sn, Sn–Zn and Mg–Sn–Zn systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ternary operation; Phase diagram; Ternary plot; Zinc; Thermodynamics; Consistency (knowledge bases); Diagram; Ternary numeral system; CALPHAD; Binary number; Materials science; Chemistry; Phase (matter); Metallurgy; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Discrete mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05896721590310261,"gpt":0.3045585460815587,"spread":0.2455913301784561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006094365,0.0002426923,0.000493566,0.00005878684,0.0001399021,0.0001375094,0.000262785,0.0001369612,0.0003930794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001372501,0.0001799816,0.00005559651,0.0001022381,0.0003105587,0.0003372937,0.0001928409,0.000150853,0.00003175565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002678631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007156297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001913541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008236425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980789,0.0001272523,0.0005058696,0.0005171591,0.0003611419,0.0004096183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989895,0.0001685703,0.0001014862,0.0002925282,0.0002047813,0.0002431967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001369642,0.0004406218,0.0007463852,0.001930407,0.00005460752,0.00008425114,0.0008020385,0.000243976,0.9050453,0.08895333,0.00007830185,0.001483864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00190572,0.0006186932,0.004081461,0.0008213389,0.0002722153,0.0001507826,0.001226541,0.9495082,0.01746792,0.02209185,0.0006890665,0.001166251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.977012,0.002052969,0.01391064,0.0001079678,0.0004129448,0.0002254665,0.00003120332,0.00007223898,0.006174505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976044,0.0001642453,0.00176468,0.00008608628,0.00009457664,0.0000357532,0.00000429351,0.00002405816,0.0002219509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9492642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7339435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099612737","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2020.102212","title":"TAF-ID: An international thermodynamic database for nuclear fuels applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Nuclear Materials and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Royal Military College of Canada; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"CALPHAD; Database; MOX fuel; Thermochemistry; Nitride; Fission products; Materials science; Carbide; Nuclear fission product; Nuclear engineering; Plutonium; Chemistry; Radiochemistry; Metallurgy; Computer science; Physical chemistry; Nanotechnology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03732031457851119,"gpt":0.2711302625753771,"spread":0.2338099479968659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001084498,0.00008433679,0.0001019338,0.0000136691,0.0001214371,0.0001498404,0.0004032183,0.00003439985,0.002952635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002321424,0.00007087094,0.00002706232,0.0000313753,0.00005717174,0.0003237588,0.00009280135,0.00003408403,0.0008312962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000147429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001452259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001818595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001635656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993362,0.00002484247,0.0001453432,0.0002529188,0.0001025158,0.0001381889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995766,0.00001435911,0.00004904531,0.0002134973,0.00004418252,0.0001023145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008282757,0.00002963119,0.000003699087,0.0000278448,0.000004124034,8.270438e-7,0.000248261,0.000005528719,0.9849579,0.01054494,0.001114696,0.00297971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005981631,0.0001985942,0.0002527965,0.00001285075,0.0000232036,0.000005931169,0.0002835322,0.006553059,0.0750895,0.001296817,0.9153783,0.0003072013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893321,0.00006093874,0.003672472,0.002049425,0.0005049459,0.0004979739,0.001051952,0.0002508782,0.00257935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937943,0.00001925098,0.003548252,0.001786262,0.0005079897,0.00006207507,0.0001687007,0.00003507557,0.00007812058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9142637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089911899","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2012.04.002","title":"Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu–O and Cu–O–S systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Copper; Oxide; Solubility; Sulfide; Formalism (music); Thermodynamic process; Materials science; Liquid metal; CALPHAD; Liquid phase; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Material properties; Metallurgy; Phase diagram; Physical chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01650880429066027,"gpt":0.2624872832453992,"spread":0.245978478954739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001560569,0.0001036655,0.0001605095,0.00001701537,0.00004493839,0.00002388149,0.00007631692,0.00006358731,0.00001102755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001846174,0.0000668419,0.00002947289,0.00005367866,0.00006385595,0.0001097717,0.00005056505,0.0001338118,0.000001298484],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000222774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006793849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001543472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001119748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994292,0.00002364632,0.0001605609,0.00008437374,0.0001120583,0.0001901153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996615,0.00006821383,0.00001444013,0.0001423223,0.00002642978,0.00008706629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002078138,0.0002146397,0.005471992,0.004036972,0.0002895776,0.000005319428,0.001029989,0.170185,0.0364948,0.7720791,0.00003533945,0.01013649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009474517,0.000006593683,0.002167833,0.00004267257,0.00002704418,0.000009712571,0.00007110449,0.9964859,0.000005951781,0.0009422598,0.00006126109,0.00008486064],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8881684,0.005098162,0.1007182,0.00002990912,0.0003247277,0.00009708123,0.000005524598,0.00003820574,0.005519811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995537,0.0001628508,0.000166973,0.00001236071,0.00005658184,0.000008278937,8.238837e-7,0.00001920433,0.00001922046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8263009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2725734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2570827068","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2016.11.003","title":"Critical reassessment of the Fe-Si system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Phase diagram; Mixing (physics); Thermodynamics; Steelmaking; CALPHAD; Statistical physics; Materials science; Phase transition; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Physics; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01362871422300486,"gpt":0.2593900681213112,"spread":0.2457613538983063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007992722,0.00006628843,0.0001184927,0.00000657035,0.0001000429,0.00003770132,0.0003154734,0.00004412965,0.00001488576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006950326,0.00004117514,0.00006120715,0.00001869798,0.00007484439,0.00005721782,0.00005753625,0.00008415128,0.00001073306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002759504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009004555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008787031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003050327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995803,0.000009108108,0.0001187013,0.00006887544,0.0001121056,0.0001109671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994255,0.00003222768,0.00002496721,0.0004385866,0.00003475086,0.00004401027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001175695,0.00006388895,0.0003377757,0.002346909,0.0001050124,0.00002731717,0.00007974742,0.001887455,0.006883423,0.9698159,0.0003498343,0.018091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004130296,0.00002829368,0.04116313,0.0003608529,0.00007800433,0.00002517275,0.0001002063,0.9433473,0.001832236,0.003307872,0.009067817,0.0002760833],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.680945,0.0006875771,0.05103408,0.0004238203,0.00227372,0.0002166781,0.00002302218,0.0002045279,0.2641916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996843,0.00001082505,0.0001078584,0.000009699209,0.00005570938,0.000005407479,3.812107e-7,0.00001190888,0.000113877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.966508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1679073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974081482","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2010.11.002","title":"Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of Al–La, Al–Ce, Al–Pr, Al–Nd and Al–Sm systems using the Modified Quasichemical Model for liquids","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Materials science; Binary number; Mixing (physics); Rare earth; Gibbs free energy; Formalism (music); Physics; Metallurgy; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02243610346178757,"gpt":0.259084529334843,"spread":0.2366484258730554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000460659,0.0002052616,0.0002645626,0.0000406109,0.0001148969,0.00006105582,0.0001337186,0.0001269058,0.000008147025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005224384,0.0001427868,0.00006251108,0.00005854701,0.0001351913,0.0001634023,0.00003712781,0.0001983043,2.156669e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002964929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002560665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003470367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005193066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990005,0.00004413706,0.0003032613,0.0002347875,0.0002070974,0.0002102424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994272,0.00009418725,0.00007351783,0.0002295106,0.0001077078,0.0000678515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003956442,0.000007831259,0.000004825619,0.00005495325,0.00005061537,1.841398e-7,0.0001820319,0.656291,0.3385316,0.0007264983,0.0001805699,0.003930361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006160422,0.00002853334,0.00004957144,0.00004129758,0.00007601629,0.00001292045,0.00007149549,0.9977341,0.000616299,0.0003394643,0.0002227746,0.0001915076],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8346308,0.00148501,0.1625925,0.0002357218,0.0002521693,0.0004925663,0.00002838804,0.00004770628,0.0002351654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970031,0.0001815029,0.002415932,0.0002079807,0.00003334362,0.00003820527,0.00002263567,0.00004436411,0.00005291033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3414431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5822676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099836745","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2007.09.001","title":"Thermodynamic modelling of the Mg–Ca, Mg–Sr, Ca–Sr and Mg–Ca–Sr systems using the modified quasichemical model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquidus; Phase diagram; Thermodynamics; Solubility; Chemistry; CALPHAD; Phase (matter); Work (physics); Magnesium; Physical chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06436492917088915,"gpt":0.2733735084182053,"spread":0.2090085792473162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001149467,0.0002915637,0.0004477763,0.0000440225,0.0003120466,0.000125514,0.0006702237,0.0001829737,0.00007316285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008624941,0.0001598436,0.0001321465,0.0002566653,0.0004227427,0.0002033351,0.0002365675,0.0002644012,0.00002040801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005831426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009519884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002613323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001632584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976778,0.000119037,0.0006138886,0.0004886049,0.0005557584,0.0005448789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986086,0.0002778968,0.0002603806,0.0005358731,0.0001646595,0.0001526236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007174303,0.00007412807,0.00002376154,0.0001924988,0.00001887679,0.000004933697,0.0003258339,0.1618467,0.831195,0.006033913,0.00002503204,0.0001876197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003386877,0.00001632009,0.00002318337,0.0001231475,0.00006369292,0.00002160985,0.0001649707,0.9604601,0.03593,0.002519226,0.000112967,0.0002261515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8305509,0.001704224,0.1657151,0.00008329471,0.0002940155,0.000302905,0.00003323467,0.00003945369,0.001276883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981754,0.0001045489,0.0007256047,0.0001225679,0.0001510787,0.00001447563,0.000004127206,0.00003202561,0.0006701369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7986134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6518233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071904082","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.001","title":"Thermodynamic assessment of the Ca–Zn, Sr–Zn, Y–Zn and Ce–Zn systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Rare-earth and actinide compounds","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Phase diagram; Zinc; Enthalpy; CALPHAD; Mixing (physics); Phase (matter); Work (physics); Chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01251433411037857,"gpt":0.2489771336411607,"spread":0.2364627995307821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001049249,0.0001645868,0.0002561428,0.00002881135,0.0001998869,0.00003798518,0.0002084321,0.00004334543,0.0001451979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003424113,0.0001153895,0.0001140242,0.0001111149,0.000120678,0.00009315039,0.00007844684,0.0001873737,0.00001443816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002127185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001399163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003254854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005237638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990174,0.00007494376,0.0002481823,0.0002180599,0.0001970103,0.0002444161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992401,0.00007362029,0.0001434823,0.0003928827,0.00005929065,0.00009062271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003591685,0.0005062334,0.9127722,0.0001770156,0.0003963733,0.0000238466,0.001015909,0.0005402857,0.01541651,0.03524609,0.01268379,0.02118586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002952805,0.0002436666,0.8878611,0.0003013343,0.0001484558,0.00005777285,0.001541273,0.04209994,0.002884846,0.00300113,0.05794045,0.0009671717],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9608827,0.0003268177,0.0009102123,0.0001105566,0.0004475483,0.0002446383,0.0000539487,0.00001857396,0.03700505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976406,0.00001409601,0.00007016341,0.00003762658,0.0002471878,0.00002203397,0.0000178533,0.00001768319,0.001932806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04525666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4705448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066955124","doi":"10.1016/s0364-5916(01)00048-7","title":"Experimental study and thermodynamic assessment of the Zn-Fe-Ni system","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Government of Ontario","keywords":"Ternary operation; Homogeneity (statistics); Ternary numeral system; Phase (matter); Materials science; Zinc; Thermodynamics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Metallurgy; Chemistry; Computer science; Physics; Environmental chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01034131203054746,"gpt":0.2535274361949333,"spread":0.2431861241643858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007538697,0.00008315691,0.0001141002,0.00002546016,0.00004510782,0.00001029382,0.0001436629,0.00003505444,0.000001797919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030256,0.00005907292,0.0000218499,0.00008141211,0.00003896387,0.00002341162,0.00005315106,0.0001116906,7.323773e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001085943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008621671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001731377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004926354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999567,0.00001722007,0.00009933366,0.00009080827,0.00008647154,0.0001391548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996998,0.00001291808,0.0000163837,0.0002510442,0.000006068728,0.00001376484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001748199,0.000990917,0.1865158,0.0004483577,0.0007094287,0.0000850798,0.005286953,0.005185904,0.7592942,0.01891025,0.0007335761,0.02182212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002579976,0.0008590079,0.3289382,0.0003518756,0.0001108332,0.000174595,0.02525991,0.5606621,0.07941988,0.000299206,0.0005315232,0.0008129004],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954211,0.0009061038,0.0005694593,0.00001820463,0.0001439572,0.0001558328,9.26662e-7,0.0003972533,0.002387188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998217,0.00001559939,0.00005773355,0.000002406745,0.000009395918,0.00002412946,2.145191e-7,0.00001296303,0.00005585666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6798742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2408924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137990135","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2005.08.006","title":"The phase equilibria in the Mg–Ni–Ca system","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phase (matter); Materials science; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02311848177841385,"gpt":0.2901204972861476,"spread":0.2670020155077338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009182094,0.00009601224,0.0001240968,0.00001398584,0.0001768345,0.000179549,0.000581475,0.00003553258,0.0003952573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009933957,0.00004206886,0.00003961482,0.0001528305,0.0001167522,0.0001434888,0.00006091786,0.00008823313,0.001306455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002190155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003075677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001633852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002617659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989166,0.000132827,0.0002397075,0.0001825707,0.0002472636,0.0002810673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993637,0.0002201066,0.00005535399,0.0002841633,0.00002657104,0.00005012892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002137156,0.0004781099,0.00004617695,0.0001959732,0.00001194499,0.0001108133,0.001094768,0.00005792066,0.8434658,0.1016667,0.02089153,0.03176658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001571218,0.0001127355,0.0001856389,0.00007842113,0.00002028231,0.00006953925,0.0009232899,0.005940956,0.0377516,0.0008359139,0.9522575,0.0002529329],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831696,0.001137057,0.0001026401,0.002452965,0.0003279027,0.0001675069,0.0000064497,0.00005608435,0.01257985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973565,0.00002119593,0.00009112088,0.0004220505,0.0003254674,0.00004175977,0.000001693095,0.000006264328,0.001733998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.931366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560737869","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2016.12.001","title":"Critical evaluation and thermodynamic assessment of the MgO-V2O5 and CaO-V2O5 systems in air","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; McGill University","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Stoichiometry; Materials science; Phase (matter); Experimental data; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Mathematics; Physics; Organic chemistry; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01151204012683748,"gpt":0.2758745837108035,"spread":0.264362543583966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003571792,0.00009863449,0.0001636179,0.00003156112,0.00002650645,0.000009919953,0.0000780453,0.00006914274,0.00002445015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007956544,0.0000534546,0.00002327858,0.00007842704,0.00009210318,0.00008416508,0.00003634742,0.00008014902,0.000001335735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000665094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002167301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001946007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001813471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999288,0.00006410235,0.0001948914,0.0001308511,0.0001859637,0.0001362234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995611,0.0001630706,0.00002230892,0.0001552067,0.00005276123,0.00004549333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006180155,0.0003230085,0.02071973,0.003989646,0.000296993,0.00002532247,0.0008775018,0.03485296,0.3473735,0.4546428,0.00006843793,0.1367684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003855643,0.00001602535,0.07615132,0.0001321218,0.00002239006,0.000006682651,0.00003222208,0.9202136,0.0000371919,0.002840552,0.00007748196,0.0000847921],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826129,0.001456133,0.01261439,0.0001578135,0.0002176899,0.0002237151,0.000009735853,0.00002341682,0.002684223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997396,0.000120583,0.00003965385,0.0000122444,0.00002173066,0.00002588594,7.917341e-7,0.00001455631,0.00002489941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8853607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2179815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984678721","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2008.07.002","title":"Thermodynamic assessment of the Si–Zn, Mn–Si, Mg–Si–Zn and Mg–Mn–Si systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Zinc; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram; Phase (matter); Phase equilibrium; Materials science; Gibbs free energy; CALPHAD; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02574280563747296,"gpt":0.2659305058890866,"spread":0.2401877002516136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004506362,0.0002284141,0.0004255619,0.00003754889,0.000235042,0.00008347102,0.0005043087,0.000111035,0.0004117751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000875788,0.0001363409,0.0001041576,0.0002122528,0.0003490057,0.0001842606,0.0002041144,0.0001481098,0.00006811575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004201774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001290998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009437006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001128439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981096,0.000167156,0.0004371934,0.000414813,0.0005050905,0.0003661318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989014,0.0001661331,0.0002220303,0.0004459843,0.0001257553,0.000138652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002719504,0.00020024,0.001166721,0.0004401389,0.0000370288,0.00004123178,0.000256592,0.0001344062,0.9893932,0.006937315,0.0007877484,0.0005781752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009422506,0.001671656,0.2371443,0.002569509,0.0007804534,0.00155874,0.002249937,0.1182947,0.4295878,0.009064712,0.1828572,0.00479848],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911,0.001464724,0.0006063013,0.0002612277,0.0007253725,0.0003217067,0.00005900134,0.00006550193,0.005396219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963885,0.0001987419,0.0001932756,0.0001786156,0.0001367858,0.00004152542,0.000006875344,0.00002164775,0.002834067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5598054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5559818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594800424","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.002","title":"Thermodynamic modeling of the quaternary Al-Cu-Mg-Si system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"CALPHAD; Phase diagram; Thermodynamics; Thermodynamic process; Formalism (music); Material properties; Materials science; Thermodynamic system; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0129097976722382,"gpt":0.2075320719519187,"spread":0.1946222742796805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007927304,0.0001386673,0.0001695628,0.00001940069,0.0001727786,0.00004989127,0.0006412557,0.00006857108,0.000007550775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001560811,0.00009117429,0.00008372033,0.00001995182,0.00009078155,0.000117358,0.0001338252,0.0001411529,0.00002262475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008039382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001403198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000149989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002003391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999356,0.00001633607,0.0001920019,0.0001247769,0.0001272906,0.0001835479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990709,0.000007664535,0.00005922215,0.0007966105,0.00003523221,0.00003040104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002637596,0.0000100905,0.003936237,0.0006277187,0.0001818871,0.00001427466,0.00139495,0.07997085,0.9084289,0.0009602944,0.0004247232,0.004023688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000155348,0.000005161401,0.001793143,0.0001476701,0.00001792481,0.00001506661,0.0000973671,0.9878988,0.009514521,0.00007129915,0.0001566488,0.0001270515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907005,0.0007374262,0.002523561,0.00007067103,0.0009082608,0.0001376841,0.000009805714,0.0001407387,0.004771329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995593,0.00001464899,0.0001156448,0.00002217231,0.0000633979,0.000008304034,8.761557e-7,0.00004364554,0.0001720237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9079279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.371798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951219962","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2012.12.003","title":"Critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the Co–Nd, Cu–Nd and Nd–Ni systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Phase diagram; Stoichiometry; CALPHAD; Phase (matter); Binary number; Materials science; Material properties; Thermodynamic process; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Physics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02501063308270291,"gpt":0.288686264224208,"spread":0.2636756311415051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003869422,0.00007362909,0.0001281851,0.00001570074,0.00008407638,0.0001016244,0.00009237891,0.00004949462,0.0006432866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003078789,0.0000432817,0.00001430148,0.00006081811,0.000207594,0.0002072314,0.00003853392,0.00003818056,0.00002288356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000940138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002486524,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000586748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001831962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991696,0.0001301951,0.0001773324,0.0001674866,0.0002437539,0.000111597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994644,0.0001157914,0.0000576951,0.000122935,0.0001875447,0.00005162241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003760082,0.0001628132,0.001478396,0.0009586774,0.00002024527,0.000001580288,0.0004879964,0.009041209,0.9665573,0.01472142,0.0008675862,0.005665205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007304411,0.000104993,0.01113703,0.0001752056,0.00009348789,0.00002954514,0.0002742342,0.9671578,0.0158976,0.003916599,0.00024948,0.0002335155],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934275,0.001606593,0.003046742,0.0002656226,0.0002192039,0.0003245997,0.000007018742,0.00001527714,0.001087458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993108,0.0000313746,0.0003355466,0.00005113552,0.00003598682,0.00003819561,0.000002684278,0.000005934003,0.0001883276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9581167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7043537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179594516","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2015.10.003","title":"Critical evaluation and thermodynamic optimization of the V–O system","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Pohang University of Science and Technology; McGill University","keywords":"CALPHAD; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram; Vanadium; Solid solution; Vanadium oxide; Oxide; Phase (matter); Materials science; Range (aeronautics); Chemistry; Physics; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0198549193485871,"gpt":0.2505267642014908,"spread":0.2306718448529037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000217215,0.00005307711,0.00007792306,0.00001263621,0.00001868491,0.00001056222,0.00006111736,0.00004133514,0.00001217688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009693622,0.00003439642,0.00001867545,0.00007588447,0.00003947521,0.0000544543,0.00001654926,0.00004496642,0.000002073949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004325756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000149324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002713127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.941917e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995833,0.00003099833,0.0001062106,0.00005892948,0.0001561291,0.00006444925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997001,0.00002874506,0.00001370832,0.0001059344,0.0001099875,0.00004149471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004804887,0.000008684481,0.00002026841,0.0001896125,0.00001350333,3.974588e-7,0.0001123397,0.9717855,0.0005664186,0.02482254,0.00001322351,0.002462652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001508122,0.000007307607,0.0002245408,0.00002506309,0.00002688173,0.000004997873,0.00007189689,0.9986414,0.00003658609,0.000746013,0.00002342525,0.00004112608],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5623747,0.001257364,0.4127917,0.00006093822,0.0005008627,0.0002267125,0.000005460963,0.00009805265,0.02268414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995427,0.000008025087,0.0003946083,0.000005831295,0.00002061299,0.000007107595,0.00000202614,0.000010092,0.000008999766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.437168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1402645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081154589","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2010.01.006","title":"On the formation of intermetallics in rapidly solidifying Al–Fe–Si alloys","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Novelis (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Intermetallic; Supercooling; Metastability; Nucleation; Precipitation; Thermodynamics; Diffusion; Materials science; Sequence (biology); Range (aeronautics); Metallurgy; Chemical physics; Chemistry; Alloy; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143392654687761,"gpt":0.212384481133267,"spread":0.2009505545863894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001663566,0.0001115909,0.0001249906,0.00006868959,0.00002601928,0.00001994727,0.0001991375,0.00007137683,0.00004156988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006715185,0.00007685016,0.00004281045,0.00007772376,0.00006486706,0.0001370331,0.00003279061,0.0003382889,0.00002957316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003037485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006762404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001067857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001257615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994261,0.00001591657,0.0002187367,0.00007911461,0.00009875518,0.0001614219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996297,0.00006582147,0.00003340423,0.0002244339,0.00002327185,0.00002331274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001256108,0.000009442818,0.000127131,0.00007836878,0.00001425712,0.000001869174,0.0021223,0.0008194407,0.9890571,0.001740434,0.001449481,0.004567632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004970384,0.00005378498,0.001847619,0.0001113191,0.00001382894,0.00002081016,0.0002741455,0.07189957,0.9101036,0.001093829,0.01379417,0.0002902873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969962,0.0001242988,0.0008264511,0.0001349378,0.0004509587,0.0001409275,0.000002952678,0.00006315049,0.001260099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993414,0.00003009806,0.0003034078,0.0002145388,0.00003230678,0.00001250894,0.000003417724,0.00002280931,0.00003946708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07895348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3133858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W268734294","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2015.04.006","title":"Thermodynamic description of the Ag–(Ca, Li, Zn) and Ca–(In, Li) binary systems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Binary number; Thermodynamics; Intermetallic; Binary system; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Metallurgy; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03378302735670508,"gpt":0.2304812176114926,"spread":0.1966981902547875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002801541,0.00007915132,0.0001238473,0.00002519136,0.00005882263,0.00004212144,0.0001983997,0.00005077068,0.00006225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002711784,0.00004975839,0.00002189566,0.0001107174,0.0001172702,0.0001010743,0.00009150508,0.00005102041,0.00005937275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004335865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004874992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001411938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009134566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992931,0.00007140032,0.000191792,0.0001663403,0.000136886,0.0001404934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995006,0.00001598748,0.00007417495,0.0002906827,0.00006217784,0.00005636084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002560227,0.00006568883,0.001900383,0.00009914734,0.000002004464,0.00000166255,0.0005950874,0.0003153418,0.9919479,0.00240176,0.002282661,0.0003627977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005703626,0.001211388,0.3616713,0.001065381,0.0002376435,0.0002219608,0.01309225,0.4441606,0.07822665,0.006986157,0.08533546,0.002087597],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994859,0.001195554,0.0001053845,0.000331968,0.000337602,0.0002947996,0.00001654873,0.00001870575,0.002840476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978443,0.00002196019,0.00004039704,0.00005121705,0.00004672131,0.00006303306,0.000002455843,0.000008533053,0.001921394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9137212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2134437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067509543","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2009.11.004","title":"Thermodynamic modeling of the Al–Bi, Al–Sb, Mg–Al–Bi and Mg–Al–Sb systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Antimony; Thermodynamics; Aluminium; Materials science; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00999540979620629,"gpt":0.2129711491027761,"spread":0.2029757393065698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002854531,0.0003423745,0.0004841402,0.00006910253,0.0001110347,0.00007455338,0.0004232665,0.0001496746,0.00003554765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003787489,0.0002433855,0.0001575621,0.0002660644,0.00006991489,0.0001654363,0.00007291768,0.0003722996,0.00001811577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007293801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002521944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004790056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009922344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983136,0.00005082801,0.0005054111,0.000351952,0.0003426666,0.0004355521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990461,0.00006744854,0.00009487995,0.0005556046,0.00008964986,0.0001463549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006094445,0.0001553037,0.00005025977,0.000525039,0.0002783401,0.00003019287,0.0004863309,0.9048777,0.0661182,0.01598063,0.00092929,0.01050779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004450496,0.00004188941,0.0002478652,0.0001504982,0.0000467907,0.00002157307,0.00008392673,0.9931038,0.0000494757,0.001546187,0.003965721,0.0002972361],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9157003,0.007224218,0.06465261,0.0007449795,0.0006593698,0.0004441821,0.00002857033,0.0002428717,0.01030296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980336,0.0007368895,0.0001020411,0.0007806392,0.00006014693,0.00001444414,0.000009186887,0.00006350025,0.0001994926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08822609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130960348","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2014.03.003","title":"Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of Mg–Ca–Zn system supported by key experiments","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"Intermetallic; Liquidus; Solubility; Ternary operation; Thermodynamics; Ternary numeral system; Isothermal process; Chemistry; Phase diagram; Materials science; Physical chemistry; Phase (matter); Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02002247009348091,"gpt":0.2958835483561608,"spread":0.2758610782626799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002404068,0.0001054994,0.0001838223,0.00001882081,0.0001033184,0.00005033884,0.0001546549,0.00005216762,0.0002466676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001854106,0.00008485132,0.00002625603,0.00003834031,0.00009489262,0.00008836696,0.00007425202,0.00004556791,0.00002630994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003687573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002571631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001376465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001443665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990439,0.00006270598,0.0002646989,0.0002524347,0.0001783445,0.0001979629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994771,0.00003977963,0.00004679952,0.0002641666,0.00007687417,0.00009522354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006293876,0.00005284426,0.00005739933,0.0001020274,0.000002404392,3.640318e-7,0.00008195667,0.00003643414,0.9833328,0.01592221,0.0001764839,0.0002287949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000370294,0.00009005736,0.0002133843,0.00004885923,0.00002821026,0.00000529196,0.0005602578,0.9360934,0.06167649,0.0002388024,0.0004885298,0.0001864463],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615279,0.0001577023,0.03231378,0.0001822876,0.0001091177,0.0001664793,0.00002981226,0.00005306059,0.005459793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982577,0.000004641141,0.001429473,0.00005824559,0.00002979396,0.00007431543,0.0000104665,0.00001392419,0.0001214593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.936057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3460136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3198455720","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102341","title":"Recent developments for molten salt systems in Thermochimica","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Molten salt; Molten salt reactor; Code (set theory); Nuclear fission; Benchmarking; Nuclear engineering; Salt (chemistry); Statistical physics; Fission; Computer science; Computational science; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Set (abstract data type); Nuclear physics; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Engineering; Neutron","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01530962963289554,"gpt":0.2092258454348409,"spread":0.1939162158019453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003787154,0.00008190166,0.0001146646,0.00002666316,0.00001254886,0.00002323114,0.00005753257,0.00003803581,0.000009086591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001013882,0.00008709358,0.00002140555,0.0001219576,0.000003002177,0.00003796474,0.00001443999,0.00006914105,0.0000177728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008333244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001634806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003006636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002998266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995465,0.000003750765,0.0001199014,0.00009599052,0.00005471784,0.0001790958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999804,0.00001752868,0.000006838021,0.0001036651,0.00002548176,0.00004253821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002400868,0.0001776273,0.0006434335,0.001160398,0.0003546566,0.000134221,0.001556945,0.202546,0.4973817,0.02442453,0.01222539,0.2593711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007164842,0.00001071267,0.004260109,0.000152269,0.000009375804,0.00001011099,0.00009949243,0.1259096,0.01201498,0.0002182863,0.8561862,0.0004124206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9274194,0.007762299,0.006000848,0.0001183364,0.003887187,0.0005957654,0.00004368299,0.0006337336,0.0535388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987307,0.0003802753,0.0005757081,0.00002012962,0.0000842691,0.00003773177,0.00002391671,0.00005129717,0.00009604063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8439608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3551573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053423234","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2009.06.001","title":"A thermodynamic description of the Al–Ca–Zn ternary system","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ternary operation; Thermodynamics; Ternary numeral system; Metallurgy; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01758604486526463,"gpt":0.228182305089291,"spread":0.2105962602240264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001695977,0.00007693974,0.0001307019,0.00001453754,0.00006013801,0.00002627636,0.0002915501,0.00003359905,0.0002000228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002304318,0.000041778,0.00006150667,0.00009938375,0.00005830873,0.0001010198,0.00003475036,0.00004720163,0.0001202515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002094856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001979869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000167181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001671394,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992981,0.00005346685,0.0001792892,0.0001468703,0.0001886256,0.0001336337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996104,0.00001770496,0.0000876294,0.0002096107,0.00003858497,0.00003610727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001416436,0.00003673878,0.00006580411,0.00004389779,0.000001905447,0.000003747611,0.00004212301,0.00001476223,0.9956803,0.002808657,0.0002519012,0.001036009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001751591,0.0005541068,0.1172406,0.001215533,0.0001412115,0.0002313211,0.0005991958,0.03385131,0.8119112,0.01158537,0.02004769,0.0008708884],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919811,0.0002430227,0.0009361008,0.0003813124,0.0003036861,0.0001029269,0.000005874434,0.0000485586,0.005997406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984787,0.000006362229,0.0001407462,0.0003386375,0.00004337216,0.000004710559,9.276342e-7,0.000004165981,0.0009823538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1837691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.219011,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078918441","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2011.09.005","title":"Modeling the viscosity of silicate melts containing zinc oxide","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Silicate; Zinc; Viscosity; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03440890708678709,"gpt":0.216474458511624,"spread":0.1820655514248369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001459257,0.0000922955,0.0001469568,0.00001640168,0.0000369271,0.000006394258,0.0001908758,0.00004591611,0.00005273097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001766391,0.00006151863,0.00005941231,0.00007538998,0.0000328719,0.00005690847,0.00003524305,0.0001188663,0.00001641097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001271932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006113242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006657797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001316506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994871,0.00001135214,0.0001792912,0.00009039384,0.00008177484,0.0001500807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996808,0.00002689063,0.00002081852,0.0001922282,0.00003256982,0.00004667199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001446636,0.0001196183,0.0001856523,0.0004279714,0.0003481889,0.00002594596,0.003591574,0.8553933,0.04077302,0.08591092,0.00003219266,0.01304696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001113866,0.00001387463,0.0002013561,0.00001510796,0.00001822044,0.000002337324,0.00006877159,0.9947689,0.002018149,0.002596667,0.0001028658,0.00008241594],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.802548,0.000418012,0.1846001,0.000008005331,0.00005992166,0.00006197317,0.000002293327,0.00007904907,0.01222261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994609,0.00005221126,0.0003905099,0.00002927214,0.00001782933,0.000005715603,0.0000014567,0.00001761773,0.0000244472],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1969129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2508657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045832931","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2005.09.001","title":"On the thermodynamic stability of intermetallic phases in the AA6111 aluminum alloy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Intermetallic; Alloy; Materials science; Aluminium; Chemical stability; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01950528320786659,"gpt":0.2165199568458225,"spread":0.1970146736379559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003631892,0.0001630845,0.0001735637,0.00004589088,0.00003625682,0.00002281914,0.0005419184,0.00004846853,0.0002521843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006378989,0.00008839599,0.0000861865,0.0001519085,0.0001659397,0.00009102694,0.00004281804,0.0002412905,0.00004783606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008889611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001233994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002335728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001256688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990652,0.0001036492,0.0002702187,0.0001441145,0.0001950051,0.0002217649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990246,0.0003662792,0.00003095674,0.0005330127,0.00002266223,0.00002252754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002998186,0.00146183,0.003883763,0.0003006575,0.0004301137,0.00003498994,0.03001527,0.03730172,0.844645,0.02149703,0.00608003,0.05404974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001816964,0.0006426707,0.02637539,0.0003217528,0.0001114418,0.00004084003,0.003112377,0.7223721,0.2272906,0.00239643,0.01438107,0.001138433],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925336,0.0004708419,0.0001323476,0.000474411,0.00008897959,0.0002895692,0.000006947319,0.00007571729,0.005927574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994847,0.00002233278,0.00005793228,0.0002618389,0.00004568893,0.00005044287,0.000002851687,0.00002414265,0.00005011134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6850703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3604684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058093885","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2014.04.001","title":"Thermodynamic assessment of the Bi-alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb) systems using the modified quasichemical model for the liquid phase","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Alkali metal; Thermodynamics; Enthalpy; Enthalpy of mixing; Stoichiometry; Chemistry; Phase (matter); CALPHAD; Phase diagram; Materials science; Physical chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03115621918718777,"gpt":0.2751553672741881,"spread":0.2439991480870003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004098742,0.0002230378,0.0003037337,0.00001752091,0.0002447303,0.00004437557,0.0006036042,0.00009384094,0.000006781458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002784391,0.00009409456,0.0002718647,0.0000884655,0.0001696783,0.0000708705,0.00007512653,0.0002309284,5.717286e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005920347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003061509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004774041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004334291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988842,0.00007533187,0.000339908,0.0001730525,0.0002399207,0.0002876052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991091,0.0001702154,0.00009089457,0.0005286823,0.00005564469,0.00004539715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004048019,0.00002066837,0.000001128703,0.0000748779,0.0001625078,1.171876e-7,0.0001574534,0.7183733,0.2668339,0.01175084,0.00002772189,0.002557026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005780348,0.00004681874,0.00002028099,0.00003257627,0.0001372714,0.000005203699,0.0001276888,0.9962263,0.002237861,0.0002803781,0.0001562161,0.000151345],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6383705,0.0008616853,0.359359,0.00008918851,0.0004880462,0.0004192473,0.00003649303,0.00004293234,0.0003329103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.00002349854,0.000159584,0.00005947431,0.000137372,0.00005679341,0.000004746346,0.00004283017,0.0001912871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3609539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3837065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173126560","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102278","title":"Critical assessment of thermodynamic properties of important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in coal tar pitch at typical temperature ranges of the carbonization process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alcoa","keywords":"Carbonization; Coal tar; tar (computing); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Hydrocarbon; Aromatic hydrocarbon; Coal; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Environmental science; Adsorption; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006518859198108564,"gpt":0.2468438913244755,"spread":0.2403250321263669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008876778,0.0001800177,0.000426322,0.00002699924,0.00003083054,0.000009630035,0.0002431463,0.0002247007,0.00002648138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001712102,0.000126974,0.0001329633,0.000210923,0.0002521618,0.00002653021,0.0001155106,0.0002739758,6.168932e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001200763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001915908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000277063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000571641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985852,0.0000595542,0.0005399937,0.0002539172,0.0003722399,0.0001890654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992363,0.00005534155,0.0001831061,0.0004044404,0.00007217479,0.00004863225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006578583,0.0001694458,0.013781,0.0007003749,0.00004548661,0.000009690364,0.0002590586,0.00004507537,0.9845747,0.0003112324,0.000001672088,0.00003651279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006103255,0.00001711074,0.01218745,0.0005041859,0.00006384034,0.00002682425,0.000197207,0.0238264,0.961103,0.001309175,0.000003662636,0.0001507939],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979413,0.0009320968,0.00001254463,0.0001738503,0.00005985006,0.0001037507,0.00003368789,0.00001057218,0.0007323777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997522,0.00002833969,0.00005338373,0.00002852065,0.00002201718,0.000013487,0.00004241465,0.00002700622,0.00003264195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02378132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.517785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064163617","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2008.05.001","title":"Thermodynamical computations for removal of alkali halides and lead compounds from electric arc furnace dust","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Halide; Alkali metal; Chemistry; Oxidizing agent; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Evaporation; Zinc; Oxide; Vapor pressure; Atmosphere (unit); Thermodynamics; Lead oxide; Inert gas; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02687412424965586,"gpt":0.2436318402613982,"spread":0.2167577160117423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005719903,0.00008343485,0.0001510611,0.00005245756,0.0000718444,0.00001011973,0.00005153538,0.00005620022,0.00001152477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002461641,0.00007708858,0.00005033944,0.00008553694,0.00003838992,0.00005646928,0.000007527293,0.0001125383,0.000004101263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002478567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008901951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004524394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000119736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999534,0.00001770531,0.0001620167,0.0001001943,0.00007348785,0.0001126624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996742,0.0001531796,0.00002765105,0.00007323427,0.00002547285,0.00004627019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005385269,0.00009336443,0.0006203534,0.0000870962,0.0001469015,0.00003333768,0.0006313902,0.003851298,0.9417291,0.003091581,0.00180831,0.04785347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008012358,0.00005970544,0.01932401,0.00003096459,0.00003871103,0.0002510386,0.00008692181,0.954491,0.01089753,0.0009219184,0.01286073,0.0002362519],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9204712,0.001022684,0.07632592,0.00006254527,0.0001413238,0.00009173987,0.00002247072,0.00008315595,0.001778973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938327,0.00008076935,0.005807154,0.00003364876,0.00007230368,0.000003933829,0.00003099135,0.00001465975,0.0001238542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9506397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3143581,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2750600985","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2017.07.008","title":"A method of integrating CALPHAD data into phase-field models using an approximated minimiser applied to intermetallic layer growth in the Al-Mg system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","funders":"","keywords":"CALPHAD; Intermetallic; Layer (electronics); Field (mathematics); Phase (matter); Materials science; Phase diagram; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Mathematics; Physics; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07817765687670257,"gpt":0.3533555580201505,"spread":0.2751779011434479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008181015,0.0002947575,0.0004900896,0.0001404403,0.0001725424,0.0002122614,0.001766058,0.0001661676,0.000009151699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008512762,0.0002171594,0.00006191183,0.0002291296,0.00003868566,0.000501843,0.000265049,0.0003830574,0.000004137215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006661476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002992857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005074923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002246037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983743,0.0000814403,0.0005058754,0.0004461119,0.0002541631,0.0003381264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799,0.0001176614,0.0001097548,0.001587542,0.00007095507,0.0001240493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001698038,0.0003309207,0.0000586657,0.0008334648,0.000245981,0.00008219483,0.01497061,0.008633907,0.9219673,0.0229479,0.001812185,0.02794711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008936921,0.00008515365,0.00002531827,0.0002940163,0.00007232126,0.0000191415,0.003215159,0.9540872,0.04012056,0.0002340881,0.0005969662,0.0003563736],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5321306,0.0001888009,0.4625054,0.000141064,0.0002189849,0.0006682527,0.00004147827,0.0001559151,0.003949513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9582799,0.000005679236,0.04121787,0.0002431148,0.00009005544,0.00005707061,0.00004395009,0.00005456421,0.00000777643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9454533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8855505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385507060","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102593","title":"The power of computational thermochemistry in high-temperature process design and optimization: Part 1 — Unit operations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermochemistry; Pyrometallurgy; Process engineering; Context (archaeology); Work (physics); Unit operation; Process (computing); Mechanical engineering; Smelting; Nuclear engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0135899375081666,"gpt":0.2398759325575386,"spread":0.2262859950493721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008223239,0.0000579638,0.00006092051,0.00002418295,0.00006934039,0.00003106306,0.00006182151,0.00004426622,0.00002412194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002799847,0.000044886,0.000007049479,0.0002610567,0.00003588281,0.00004377768,0.000008047321,0.00007153913,0.000002317616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005943555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002900987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.030607e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001279655,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996633,0.00001176937,0.0001054744,0.00006568585,0.00007156136,0.00008222446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997869,0.00007593417,0.000008105043,0.00005757221,0.00005405201,0.00001744024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003017954,0.000004298053,0.00004252646,0.00004009253,0.000005584471,0.000001613968,0.0003321355,0.9979713,0.0002656608,0.0008486205,0.0003256127,0.0001595641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006737479,0.00002706657,0.002571826,0.0001243394,0.00001018553,0.000009539022,0.0008950101,0.9752443,0.01788565,0.0006031735,0.001702593,0.0002525682],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719001,0.001035438,0.02415972,0.000585332,0.0002678679,0.0003089646,0.00002171278,0.0003039174,0.001416918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981439,0.0000685439,0.00115637,0.00002044922,0.00001604537,0.00002341097,0.00002521967,0.00001097401,0.000535118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02624374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1830398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985210836","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101690","title":"Predicting the density of molten alloys using computational thermodynamics","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Teck (Canada)","funders":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Molar volume; Enthalpy; Enthalpy of mixing; Alloy; Mixing (physics); Volume (thermodynamics); Molar; Chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01986741435263885,"gpt":0.2508783543058536,"spread":0.2310109399532148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002312227,0.00005362928,0.00008561408,0.00001543445,0.00006776948,0.00001870564,0.0001604011,0.00002491806,0.0001656158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002160955,0.00003797007,0.00002922642,0.00007582223,0.00006916076,0.00006256223,0.0000504344,0.0000442669,0.00005256599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002657833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003647407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003155799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001289754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994122,0.00004598755,0.0001517705,0.0001174619,0.0001697327,0.0001028695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995461,0.00008583004,0.00009967032,0.0001640361,0.00007866514,0.00002572279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002425187,0.00004499382,0.05425379,0.00003647334,0.00001186294,6.209598e-7,0.001397734,0.05076646,0.8783891,0.01487059,0.00002729493,0.0001768751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004054125,0.0000350421,0.1237713,0.00002719411,0.00002081583,0.00001204668,0.0009064481,0.8559636,0.01233463,0.006265945,0.0001084708,0.0001491275],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928446,0.00002035791,0.003273136,0.00006487494,0.0001883472,0.0001292626,0.00001003915,0.00002676863,0.003442588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998915,6.385366e-7,0.0008255776,0.0001348587,0.00003324478,0.000001816051,0.000004312716,0.000006660799,0.0000779107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8660544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1813376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053651250","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2009.08.005","title":"Thermodynamic modeling of dilute components in multicomponent solutions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Glass properties and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Component (thermodynamics); Constant (computer programming); Thermodynamics; Activity coefficient; Range (aeronautics); Phase (matter); Simple (philosophy); Equilibrium constant; Chemistry; Solvent; Materials science; Computer science; Physical chemistry; Physics; Aqueous solution; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06131564472212046,"gpt":0.257556961513814,"spread":0.1962413167916935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001106233,0.00006653074,0.0001203414,0.00003912776,0.00006436023,0.00001068485,0.0001649322,0.0000303679,0.00003487366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008078806,0.00005587575,0.00003257505,0.00007061084,0.00003550142,0.00006426497,0.00003585638,0.00005168919,0.00005130686],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000392669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001237741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002258635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001702348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993204,0.00002276205,0.0002207527,0.0001439076,0.0001024605,0.0001896973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996857,0.00001162182,0.00004024199,0.0001960277,0.00002925078,0.00003718271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008243617,0.0001400151,0.00004162037,0.000003684173,8.560045e-7,5.408534e-7,0.0001185787,0.01093485,0.985515,0.002545427,0.0000126518,0.0006785637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003322505,0.00002313036,0.008390778,0.0000365595,0.000005191543,0.000001171319,0.00004987864,0.9777535,0.01163795,0.001566758,0.0001067593,0.00009613434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910343,0.0001491378,0.007525027,0.0005596061,0.00005489328,0.0001386572,0.00001098069,0.00003000711,0.0004973751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987661,0.00001310488,0.001084085,0.00007256607,0.00001465413,0.00001363078,0.000006053528,0.000004677683,0.00002516297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.973877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2278547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119597290","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2020.102244","title":"Modeling the viscosity of silicate melts containing Fe oxide: FeO/Fe2O3 containing system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"JFE Steel Corporation; Voestalpine","keywords":"Silicate; Viscosity; Ternary operation; Thermodynamics; Oxide; Materials science; Gibbs free energy; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01904873080696647,"gpt":0.2252661309756099,"spread":0.2062174001686435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003337347,0.0001835655,0.0003809109,0.00002702382,0.0001096342,0.00004517116,0.000233597,0.00009717566,0.00002125196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006868426,0.0001386184,0.0001302034,0.0002046656,0.00004473991,0.00009205664,0.0000824251,0.0002537026,0.00001474284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007712057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000382037,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004562862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002373362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988415,0.00005103408,0.0004021852,0.0002141286,0.0002002229,0.0002909793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992486,0.0001175114,0.00005502181,0.0003453209,0.0001407932,0.00009275338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004541697,0.00002544943,0.00004379025,0.0006936722,0.0002174666,0.00007841326,0.0005103652,0.9298285,0.02464697,0.04163269,0.000009190156,0.002268082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003102697,0.00001847622,0.00005912233,0.0001494336,0.00004883634,0.00002885329,0.001051632,0.9952704,0.002428298,0.0002751607,0.000197688,0.0001618132],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7785036,0.002223985,0.2128922,0.00004944989,0.0001882185,0.0001122608,0.000008810298,0.0001917975,0.005829703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994349,0.0000631751,0.0002817037,0.00005061253,0.00005788637,0.0000146208,0.00001090259,0.0000384311,0.00004770922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2209314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5652695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995308271","doi":"10.1016/s0364-5916(03)00032-4","title":"Solubility phase diagrams coupled to computer science (DPAO) Part II: Applied to isothermal evaporation of Tunisian natural brines","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Brine; Isothermal process; Endothermic process; Solubility; Ternary operation; Seawater; Crystallization; Thermodynamics; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Geology; Computer science; Physics; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01666632328408228,"gpt":0.2777164906888917,"spread":0.2610501674048094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007380552,0.0001482005,0.0002158968,0.000122557,0.0002241925,0.00009958923,0.0001989375,0.00004717325,0.0004423498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316607,0.000138035,0.00004536975,0.0006452076,0.0002404617,0.0002421593,0.00009351748,0.00005571222,0.0000597019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001000693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001285617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002560369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003586668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983682,0.00004563776,0.0003714469,0.0004541664,0.0004478937,0.0003126291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999013,0.00002473979,0.0001000653,0.0003344429,0.000299611,0.0002281347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006730718,0.000172559,0.00003578743,0.00001558829,0.000001349866,0.000001011495,0.0004868064,0.000619146,0.9914041,0.005096287,0.0005021369,0.001597929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001162537,0.0002860512,0.0008784293,0.00002881062,0.000009448018,0.000004945686,0.00006342868,0.01094345,0.9807667,0.0002329771,0.005337318,0.0002858973],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9620374,0.00001309049,0.0355788,0.0002230848,0.0007777397,0.000539633,0.00002114384,0.00007309838,0.0007360455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968591,9.303044e-7,0.001987482,0.0008731331,0.0001082633,0.00003174194,0.00002568673,0.00001227145,0.0001013891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03482173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5628905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4327756561","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102544","title":"Applying constraints to chemical equilibrium calculations through the use of virtual elements","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematical economics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05903648801186392,"gpt":0.2746591609690858,"spread":0.2156226729572219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006372788,0.00009305339,0.000126158,0.00002462378,0.00002743383,0.00002062537,0.0001361455,0.00004694962,0.0001114719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007166673,0.00006875675,0.00005499316,0.0003414362,0.00006836242,0.00008364028,0.00006842727,0.00009157711,0.0001052153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001848154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008761136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005205362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001034169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993199,0.00000913885,0.0002192645,0.0001070658,0.0001465716,0.0001980387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999604,0.0001199868,0.00001900156,0.0001724368,0.00002814594,0.00005642949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002072025,0.00005243089,0.00007841289,0.0001547148,0.0002259979,0.00001723664,0.0008814199,0.7130513,0.1958399,0.0499642,0.003810416,0.0359032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002591985,0.00001794724,0.0001794411,0.00003207674,0.00002614859,0.000003525541,0.0001217324,0.9428414,0.002888024,0.0008647555,0.05257475,0.0001910774],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8878132,0.00002876319,0.1089026,0.000124851,0.0002396987,0.0004204241,0.00005809357,0.0002551789,0.002157263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988999,0.000007401214,0.000700066,0.0001029529,0.00004167407,0.00006349692,0.00002606799,0.0000206763,0.0001377776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.22979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2803819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386873890","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102618","title":"Thermodynamic modeling with uncertainty quantification using the modified quasichemical model in quadruplet approximation: Implementation into PyCalphad and ESPEI","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Pennsylvania State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; University of Pennsylvania; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"CALPHAD; Computer science; Python (programming language); Phase diagram; XML; Software; Database; Computational science; Thermodynamics; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Programming language; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03685623957619089,"gpt":0.2910454231785134,"spread":0.2541891836023225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003104802,0.0001899376,0.0001923273,0.0001007841,0.0001080148,0.00006483421,0.0001466583,0.00008650487,0.00000628575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001125979,0.000134107,0.00003301456,0.0005303904,0.00005583173,0.0001854688,0.00003527404,0.0001723569,0.000003350941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001145117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002807997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001260999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001893937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989138,0.00003137738,0.0003232837,0.0002613047,0.0002046639,0.0002655272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995688,0.00005789819,0.00004456008,0.0002252153,0.00004625777,0.00005723566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002333982,0.00001037162,0.00001011994,0.00008410581,0.00001757401,0.000001548994,0.0007521741,0.9690549,0.01346004,0.01365272,0.000001794825,0.002931282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004294344,0.000009728901,0.00003968364,0.00002494107,0.00002053785,0.000002969146,0.0007308768,0.9897717,0.0001320641,0.008649697,0.00000400216,0.0001844306],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5345831,0.00007836923,0.4648618,0.00007166152,0.00002242351,0.0001835449,0.000003979225,0.0001091493,0.00008601561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985437,0.00008506477,0.001111251,0.00002537309,0.00002619309,0.00006332315,0.00009547856,0.00004203059,0.000007613647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4639606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5468727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405351168","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102772","title":"The power of computational thermochemistry in high-temperature process design and optimization: Part 2 – Pyrometallurgical process modeling using FactFlow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermochemistry; Process (computing); Pyrometallurgy; Process engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Engineering; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01341710819558825,"gpt":0.2405389522027801,"spread":0.2271218440071919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001796012,0.0001584982,0.0001844168,0.00004014064,0.00006209096,0.00009885358,0.0001208587,0.0001166899,0.00006209261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002142035,0.000109393,0.00003508745,0.0003018406,0.00006088642,0.0001358296,0.00001635158,0.0002253841,8.130662e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002239474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005609975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.683188e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.080885e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991542,0.00001871173,0.0002718978,0.0001945102,0.0001879858,0.0001727736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996494,0.0001091041,0.00002105048,0.00008658507,0.00007884848,0.00005503034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001353679,0.00001243258,8.507128e-7,0.0003173032,0.00003502767,0.00001054018,0.0001578327,0.9982456,0.0005502673,0.0004471858,0.000001838862,0.0002075683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000154289,0.000009247463,0.000003044219,0.0001413645,0.00001538803,0.00001802793,0.0001032174,0.9954534,0.0003057705,0.003652771,0.00001042745,0.0001330595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6193892,0.002289331,0.3779039,0.00003226311,0.0000930024,0.0001205017,0.000005102921,0.00006916021,0.00009752574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969795,0.0001143215,0.00278754,0.000007923625,0.00003545947,0.00001544662,0.00001396692,0.00003253651,0.00001328573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3775903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4460917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119227492","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2020.102246","title":"A model for multicomponent diffusion in oxide melts","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Diffusion; Thermodynamics; Electrolyte; Ionic bonding; Chemistry; CALPHAD; Flux (metallurgy); Oxide; Mole fraction; Ion; Phase diagram; Phase (matter); Physical chemistry; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02368386512115916,"gpt":0.2610237463902412,"spread":0.237339881269082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004321337,0.000119276,0.0001741704,0.00001559099,0.00002512554,0.00000986133,0.0001044402,0.0001080284,0.00002906087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002976174,0.0001192502,0.00006855218,0.0001056147,0.00001348886,0.00004282797,0.00005068549,0.0001634299,0.000006284643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006627875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003428667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004655285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004709779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991493,0.000003673121,0.000198648,0.0002635882,0.00009651391,0.0002883079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995735,0.00009543695,0.00002244081,0.0001579019,0.00005566926,0.00009499788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003591287,0.0001044409,0.00002854478,0.0001926492,0.000006016099,0.00001006479,0.00005989444,0.003439499,0.9952131,0.0002275942,0.0002328633,0.0004494004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000414547,0.000001779199,0.000005783037,0.00003201524,0.000004564368,0.000003355609,0.000007541745,0.449259,0.5492481,0.0005173191,0.000419291,0.00008669299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9268649,0.0004467668,0.0715977,0.0003127009,0.00002470124,0.00007848728,0.000008366835,0.00007492211,0.0005915172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941317,0.00002203422,0.00398374,0.0002026443,0.00004760287,0.00006200957,0.00005479078,0.00001976382,0.001475751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.445965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4862881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087368023","doi":"10.1016/s0364-5916(01)00042-6","title":"Ostwald's step rule and hyperthermodynamics: examples from decomposition in gold-nickel","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Dissipative system; Isothermal process; Kinetic energy; Gibbs free energy; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Ternary operation; Physics; Statistical physics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01562799798205874,"gpt":0.2414600937724373,"spread":0.2258320957903785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007285793,0.00008493353,0.0001053534,0.0000632688,0.00005542533,0.00005673253,0.00007810932,0.00004582226,0.001522495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000209011,0.0000803087,0.00002102565,0.0001348385,0.00005455318,0.0002997699,0.000008087334,0.00008763647,0.0005112267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001063669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001180019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007212101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01424033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993083,0.00005468234,0.0001700213,0.0001985952,0.00009842495,0.0001699624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995297,0.0002077797,0.00003698143,0.0001219391,0.00001826967,0.00008534822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006622183,0.00003298209,0.839524,0.000002126771,0.000009998521,0.00003098529,0.0002706758,0.0007883691,0.007552389,0.0000359418,0.000264608,0.1514217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003431906,0.00003044923,0.9446319,0.00001559804,0.000006642806,0.00001901688,0.0003233881,0.04873506,0.000184316,0.00085092,0.004744967,0.0001145544],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958987,0.0003854297,0.000185408,0.0003748905,0.000152395,0.00008932545,0.00006722366,0.00004062404,0.002805977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978254,0.000105814,0.001529546,0.0002295751,0.00003329305,0.000001202813,0.0001001386,0.000004053519,0.0001709926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1513072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385009126","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102589","title":"Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the As–Co, As–Fe and As–Fe–S systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Rare-earth and actinide compounds","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"CALPHAD; Liquidus; Phase diagram; Thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy; Ternary operation; Solid solution; Binary number; Cobalt; Materials science; Ferromagnetism; Formalism (music); Phase (matter); Chemistry; Metallurgy; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Alloy; Condensed matter physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01412571144566039,"gpt":0.2790466703419905,"spread":0.2649209588963301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002330112,0.00009094088,0.0001198019,0.00003866328,0.0001140638,0.00006216227,0.00007569147,0.00003372935,0.0001137874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002114128,0.00006817384,0.0000352048,0.000151827,0.00004897384,0.0001047278,0.00003841698,0.00007021084,0.00003091857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009545348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006457165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001674394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.925482e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993068,0.00008066726,0.0001460393,0.0001576621,0.0001865836,0.0001222575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995403,0.00006794141,0.00009653653,0.0001775601,0.00007041518,0.0000472965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002932928,0.0004178755,0.2502211,0.0005624886,0.0008299668,0.00001045621,0.006346863,0.2040846,0.04512215,0.08711291,0.008568701,0.3964296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001310761,0.0001218829,0.03413304,0.0001276013,0.0001010685,0.000007857112,0.00167045,0.9523152,0.001882447,0.006017732,0.002045407,0.0002666294],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836998,0.0001973298,0.0006501924,0.0001270027,0.0002053903,0.0003282411,0.00001536521,0.00002281592,0.01475386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988605,0.00001374512,0.00002005125,0.00002483834,0.0001030183,0.00002650409,0.00004929586,0.00001195985,0.0008900826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7482305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2780049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410509909","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102836","title":"Application of polyhedron model to predict heat capacity of mixed oxides","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; UT-Battelle; Battelle; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Polyhedron; Heat capacity; Materials science; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Combinatorics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01036361036945416,"gpt":0.2220254489629541,"spread":0.2116618385935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005897557,0.00006833846,0.0001569045,0.00004824087,0.000009325607,0.000002342486,0.0001046194,0.00005190381,0.000005036573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001588664,0.00006229214,0.00004053492,0.0001649262,0.00002203546,0.00002780938,0.00001987815,0.00004790508,0.000002604859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002281681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009255119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003054956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000801636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995741,0.0000046314,0.000179389,0.00008511915,0.00007111281,0.00008563619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997245,0.00002053201,0.00001293473,0.000166518,0.0000377522,0.00003773795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001691069,0.00003805253,0.00009675639,0.0005219074,0.0000389898,1.107879e-7,0.00005662144,0.7154164,0.2503916,0.02846979,0.00008040759,0.004872402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001008966,0.00001101646,0.0007668433,0.00002597656,0.00001389508,1.539383e-7,0.000005612272,0.9626983,0.03222441,0.003902934,0.0002012209,0.00004876588],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4945534,0.0001043377,0.5030857,0.00001681078,0.00003054311,0.0000751185,0.0000119202,0.00003154282,0.002090585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984244,0.0000164277,0.001440431,0.00001557497,0.000007609115,0.00001587332,0.000004326643,0.000007901904,0.00006751628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5038709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411677969","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102848","title":"Modified polyhedron model for predicting standard enthalpy of formation and entropy of mixed oxides","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Polyhedron; Standard enthalpy change of formation; Enthalpy; Thermodynamics; Standard enthalpy of formation; Materials science; Mathematics; Chemistry; Statistical physics; Physics; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01475732360734618,"gpt":0.2824022194534062,"spread":0.26764489584606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008364389,0.0000953362,0.0002497015,0.00008954694,0.0000848432,0.0000347391,0.0001942819,0.00005218197,0.00001838339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004638472,0.00008431741,0.00003592172,0.00009305461,0.0001501137,0.0002297344,0.00009117339,0.00003719933,6.748734e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003218725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003504264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000516673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989507,0.00005995683,0.0004059957,0.000195984,0.0002022622,0.0001850732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992554,0.0001494298,0.0002495876,0.0001840727,0.0001265392,0.00003497504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001670835,0.00001519947,0.0007735097,0.0003633139,0.000003035264,1.002097e-7,0.0004198334,0.01487022,0.9705307,0.01202385,0.0001011749,0.0007319725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004065722,0.00006390789,0.0006201299,0.00007857152,0.00001380133,6.59576e-7,0.00004994264,0.4193391,0.5755724,0.003779629,0.00002549682,0.00004978844],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7243991,0.00007143748,0.2747966,0.00008005577,0.0001919276,0.0002201386,0.00008116622,0.00002813195,0.0001314253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9758295,0.000009434873,0.0239715,0.00002012839,0.00001451287,0.00002263095,0.000005484337,0.000005979895,0.0001207719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4044689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3438364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114119131","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2007.08.002","title":"Undulate phase boundaries on binary diagrams","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inflection point; Binary number; Boundary (topology); Phase (matter); Phase diagram; Thermodynamics; Component (thermodynamics); Term (time); Phase boundary; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01089973808274788,"gpt":0.2598124227796195,"spread":0.2489126846968716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109411,0.0001311599,0.0001160972,0.00006371161,0.00007776306,0.00005706814,0.00009815503,0.0000729475,0.00005303115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001169198,0.0001269962,0.0000511121,0.0001285837,0.00008420656,0.00008893916,0.00001433711,0.0001362636,0.0001551083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006797993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001329387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003568694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009784623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993493,0.000006169516,0.000137693,0.000113804,0.0001010357,0.0002919823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996289,0.00003862632,0.00001201449,0.000200531,0.00001064121,0.0001092928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007086878,0.001149064,0.0006277519,0.0002320788,0.0004617936,0.001982547,0.002011689,0.01067697,0.4216054,0.1145367,0.02084837,0.4251589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005380712,0.0007586959,0.003002194,0.0000912501,0.00006578613,0.00004684844,0.00008179345,0.2164264,0.0505223,0.01201193,0.7103914,0.001220675],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9708269,0.0002450323,0.009572839,0.0000387792,0.001202117,0.00007960843,0.0000181363,0.0004306623,0.01758595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992902,0.0000139953,0.0000756641,0.0001152521,0.0001661062,0.000003039555,0.00002820752,0.00003712319,0.0002704222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.689543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5178757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3150204669","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102293","title":"Generic energy formalism for reciprocal quadruplets within the two-sublattice quasichemical model","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Reciprocal; Formalism (music); Statistical physics; Computer science; Ternary operation; Categorization; Applied mathematics; Physics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02112453046083627,"gpt":0.2379755427846323,"spread":0.216851012323796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523144,0.0001852049,0.000215537,0.00001677754,0.00009251964,0.00005030586,0.0002265333,0.0001114476,0.0000342237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006099934,0.0001326307,0.0001343112,0.0001752235,0.0000439246,0.0001001701,0.00005329231,0.0001757496,0.000009184933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004494327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000502064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007066809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000276794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990194,0.00001705922,0.0002769994,0.0002195545,0.0001609866,0.0003059499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993377,0.000121741,0.0000346411,0.0002967464,0.00009475931,0.0001144585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003647198,0.00005399495,0.000001091211,0.00015365,0.000107212,0.00001880658,0.0003048101,0.7275419,0.01971882,0.2447625,0.000744914,0.006555771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003825022,0.00001064643,0.000001763184,0.000009899098,0.00003982326,0.00002830616,0.00003897068,0.9698585,0.006158887,0.01407483,0.009200289,0.0001955271],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08988227,0.001541113,0.9028622,0.0002198724,0.0003494777,0.0000920497,0.00001732096,0.0001594175,0.004876283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919633,0.0000795591,0.006104157,0.0007152006,0.0002329482,0.00009070595,0.00005221818,0.00005709059,0.0007048265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.902081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5408522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246862213","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2019.04.003","title":"An Overview of CALPHAD XLVII (Juriquilla, Querétaro, México)","year":2019,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Science and Technology Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja; Hokkaido University; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; Central South University; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Secretaría de Energía de México; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Singapore University of Technology and Design; National Research Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Pennsylvania State University","keywords":"CALPHAD; Chemistry; Phase diagram","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01880241667400942,"gpt":0.2848241010756601,"spread":0.2660216844016507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001763142,0.0004332625,0.0006283951,0.00002534813,0.0001811872,0.00004163163,0.0006069947,0.0001903364,0.02766734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001153937,0.0003360947,0.0002653896,0.0003038565,0.0009049165,0.0003585902,0.0004550458,0.0002515457,0.004664174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002142251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001173576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005065463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000195338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974126,0.0001292719,0.0005488843,0.000720603,0.0006091648,0.0005794345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986777,0.00005953462,0.0002801083,0.0007027647,0.00001123788,0.000268642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001078253,0.001217443,0.6143977,0.0004850866,0.0001727447,0.00002232783,0.001473964,0.0003552016,0.2162569,0.003006981,0.005259456,0.1572444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009198916,0.001511974,0.7491481,0.0002582202,0.0001197556,0.0000151534,0.001043376,0.0002865437,0.01548141,0.0003841088,0.2299309,0.0009005407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9441572,0.009910536,0.00001053893,0.0002792595,0.000578568,0.0004387601,0.0001016833,0.00003549572,0.04448795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867614,0.007136906,0.0003589377,0.0007817273,0.0001311056,0.00001346382,0.00002795069,0.00003368622,0.004754848],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2246715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412032351","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102852","title":"Extension of the modified quasichemical model in the distinguishable-pair approximation to multicomponent solutions via an on-the-fly interpolation framework","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Interpolation (computer graphics); Extension (predicate logic); Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Computer science; Programming language; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03111722112972426,"gpt":0.2638506693237908,"spread":0.2327334481940665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002820889,0.000103731,0.0001170798,0.00003909559,0.000088812,0.00002048808,0.000288603,0.00008123313,0.000003897267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002478013,0.00005577943,0.00005590797,0.0003105721,0.0000360354,0.00004000152,0.00005104392,0.0002687178,0.000002812977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005029894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009711273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001868977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001239939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992874,0.00005521974,0.0002344335,0.0001331978,0.0001463333,0.0001434262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993052,0.0002267462,0.00003193154,0.0003671072,0.00004312467,0.00002585376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002709952,0.0001196706,0.00001096704,0.00005250214,0.0000102466,2.353567e-7,0.0007084514,0.8246946,0.0154649,0.1573768,0.00004841778,0.001486055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008314986,0.000009689455,0.0007745831,0.000114555,0.0000104886,3.473255e-7,0.00006899994,0.9693803,0.0003395265,0.02912554,0.00003215798,0.00006066844],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3996802,0.0000296945,0.5985495,0.000533347,0.00008859993,0.0002264039,0.000003314531,0.0000296427,0.0008592474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982541,0.000002037976,0.001366711,0.0002758204,0.00002300164,0.00004368505,0.000007132416,0.000009894764,0.00001761591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5985739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2274619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411508227","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102850","title":"Crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of post-spinel-type CaV2O4 at high temperatures (298.15–1373 K)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Advanced Condensed Matter Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Spinel; Crystal structure; Materials science; Type (biology); Crystallography; Single crystal; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Geology; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004472563717590798,"gpt":0.2123320229960631,"spread":0.2078594592784723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001639419,0.0001870562,0.0002367447,0.00004080855,0.00009985707,0.00002665075,0.0001328661,0.00004229456,0.0001303669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004488664,0.0001504248,0.00004778771,0.0001193532,0.0001349463,0.00009663733,0.0001363433,0.0001545749,0.000003632373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002777323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006829579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009408271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008433908,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992824,0.00002318789,0.0001686024,0.0002439971,0.00009391458,0.0001878869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994698,0.00001813233,0.00007156127,0.0002712874,0.000128764,0.00004046525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006727991,0.00002875314,0.002637726,0.00008498487,0.00009404111,0.00000142808,0.0002198482,0.00006061472,0.9815571,0.01315508,0.0003490506,0.001744134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002788947,0.0002605809,0.04234489,0.0003981024,0.0002224504,0.000007745768,0.0008741405,0.001039041,0.8799292,0.06802565,0.003007035,0.00110223],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997779,0.000510287,0.0003124274,0.0001703747,0.0001949997,0.0001851105,0.0001256903,0.00002663099,0.0006955453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976504,0.000002070681,0.0001580203,0.0001850186,0.00008814863,0.000007548122,0.00005150276,0.00002036224,0.001836941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1016279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6134145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024357094","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2010.08.005","title":"A heuristic method to uncover a possible unsoundness of a physical–chemical model","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heuristic; Computer science; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007297941169466844,"gpt":0.2592106255095134,"spread":0.2519126843400465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009374798,0.0001414745,0.0002622841,0.0000402495,0.00001511334,0.0000155756,0.0001955629,0.00008027985,0.00004271924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000578933,0.0001177852,0.00009379899,0.0002166437,0.00002933828,0.00005150071,0.00004426891,0.0002322018,0.00003997879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001585355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002174241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006853272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000286972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993138,0.000007936284,0.0001614782,0.0001648437,0.0001480831,0.0002038245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994423,0.00009155727,0.00001956686,0.0002415496,0.00005412734,0.0001508564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002573721,0.000109443,0.000003070799,0.0002189935,0.00004214267,0.00000492229,0.0003029731,0.2655343,0.6954088,0.03247065,0.00008932737,0.005789647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001716483,0.00001763052,0.000009011088,0.00001171494,0.00002314848,0.0000039077,0.000005470241,0.9660334,0.01403082,0.01893806,0.0006070426,0.0001481678],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4939185,0.00001686699,0.501208,0.00001271742,0.00007168295,0.00006835843,0.00001350445,0.00007030394,0.004620043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796318,0.000001200205,0.02003807,0.00004545924,0.00007476509,0.00001688088,0.000003722444,0.00003329827,0.0001548073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7004991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4803143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072416075","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.007","title":"An inquiry into the applicability of Kantorovich’s idea to the thermodynamic optimization","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Calphad","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Interval (graph theory); Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Estimation; Visualization; Applied mathematics; Estimation theory; Mathematics; Algorithm; Data mining; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007371121080136329,"gpt":0.2334336654963182,"spread":0.2260625444161818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004280578,0.0001206546,0.0001479672,0.00001857845,0.00007325184,0.00002522079,0.0004342503,0.00006173378,0.00005661399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004674275,0.00006413338,0.00005096067,0.0001884633,0.00008087881,0.00006556582,0.00004003974,0.00011604,0.00001938984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003072697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007660644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003410336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005037191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992889,0.00006091965,0.0002074465,0.0001541857,0.0001403551,0.0001482017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991784,0.00009921608,0.00003178576,0.000572829,0.00005000517,0.0000677818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008444551,0.00002006234,0.00001256158,0.0000476428,0.00001428652,9.006166e-8,0.001310617,0.9684505,0.001973744,0.006449106,0.00001661333,0.02169629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007706691,0.00003440791,0.0007793132,0.000005787593,0.00001329434,6.077536e-7,0.0001279799,0.9949126,0.0001082928,0.001700088,0.002150294,0.00009032134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3388056,0.0001026435,0.6585845,0.0001569488,0.0001434333,0.0001912606,0.000001514142,0.00007602821,0.001938096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988019,0.00002169427,0.0008034512,0.0001595638,0.0001299142,0.00003909892,0.000008104291,0.00002514952,0.00001111343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6599963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2615283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}