{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":16,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":16,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ee5d03a82edb","filters":{"venue":"Carleton Economic Papers"}},"results":[{"id":"W3172890739","doi":"","title":"Forecasting Canadian GDP growth using XGBoost","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nowcasting; Gradient boosting; Computer science; Econometrics; Feature selection; Boosting (machine learning); Vector autoregression; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Economics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Shafiullah Qureshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ba Chu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanny Demers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05042131887868386,"gpt":0.2420990820859193,"spread":0.1916777632072355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008967912,0.00017387,0.0003264344,0.00007787081,0.00009171417,0.0000314841,0.0001399094,0.00006710172,0.0007999467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014885,0.0001940701,0.0001252118,0.00007870171,0.00006814111,0.0001154245,0.00003099189,0.0001412271,0.0002693446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006989754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007526895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02091903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01664097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988533,0.00002349111,0.0002524662,0.0003908059,0.00006410482,0.0004158095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986171,0.00003550291,0.00007801773,0.0002422308,0.00002874989,0.0009983776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004267899,0.00004327953,0.8808794,0.0006051559,0.000837951,0.001632435,0.002737753,0.002583618,0.02297215,0.0008072807,0.06421833,0.02225585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007273207,0.0003929423,0.1078888,0.000360459,0.0005654379,0.0005143626,0.002172424,0.1689419,0.002773721,0.0000612505,0.706902,0.002153491],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9183176,0.0001403989,0.000008262198,0.00241471,0.0002917693,0.0002678021,0.0004711259,0.00009088432,0.07799741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914671,0.00002010865,0.0003737687,0.007344936,0.0004588652,0.000005353722,0.0001454287,0.00004559594,0.000138883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7729906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9856008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2239413023","doi":"","title":"Liability without control: The curious case of pension income splitting","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pension; Annuity; Liability; Revenue; Labour economics; Control (management); Economics; Actuarial science; Pension fund; Business; Demographic economics; Life annuity; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Frances Woolley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007484207285713347,"gpt":0.2266796511296249,"spread":0.2191954438439116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001957308,0.0002315773,0.0004381162,0.0001827595,0.0002722773,0.0001000816,0.0002679186,0.00008741657,0.0005425929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002611587,0.0001833985,0.0002531568,0.0002038313,0.0001827007,0.0004915161,0.0001412255,0.0001595444,0.0002458444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001507672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003869028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003976333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002039405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983458,0.00002419373,0.0007211064,0.0004084192,0.0001257065,0.000374765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984971,0.0002132205,0.00057232,0.0005700973,0.0001229059,0.00002429979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001059666,0.00002757877,0.9903653,0.00007742925,0.00002987168,0.00008129675,0.0001216175,0.0002462807,0.001546731,0.004385737,0.0002965618,0.002715633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004441684,0.00005840719,0.8126417,0.0001983079,0.0009632223,0.0001441212,0.001830657,0.03000072,0.0006834547,0.001325858,0.1463421,0.001369766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9754608,0.00009757037,0.00001662628,0.0001717346,0.0004507488,0.0003434399,0.000004861344,0.00005985703,0.0233944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997786,0.000006346937,0.00005731161,0.001182268,0.0006816769,0.000006225717,0.00001122407,0.00002854399,0.0002403338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1777236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7478774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3146400373","doi":"","title":"Rules, Politics and the Normative Analysis of Taxation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Positive economics; Politics; Allowance (engineering); Currency; State (computer science); Economics; Meaning (existential); Subject (documents); Law and economics; Tax policy; Epistemology; Public economics; Political science; Tax reform; Law; Macroeconomics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Walter Hettich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stanley L. Winer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007685284695078877,"gpt":0.2500048101559796,"spread":0.2423195254609007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000215993,0.00004506008,0.0001528294,0.00004092277,0.0002170876,0.00001737545,0.00008053077,0.00002857492,0.001014428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004762156,0.00003592627,0.00007603381,0.00007464665,0.001684177,0.00006617226,0.000006323758,0.00003399475,0.0000185864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000103523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003116379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0120246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001054444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995167,0.00009719608,0.0001403048,0.00007250876,0.00005360162,0.000119692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994947,0.0002419421,0.0001135217,0.00007844594,0.0000166325,0.00005479792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005309958,0.000002077841,0.001914699,7.845799e-7,0.0001447105,8.818967e-8,0.002842355,0.0004013434,0.000001491034,0.9931712,0.0000949319,0.001421081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005737403,0.00001310843,0.02219992,0.000004773854,0.0007103704,8.206437e-7,0.00792762,0.0008992811,0.00001282393,0.002237861,0.9652476,0.0001721329],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4422529,0.00005991073,0.000005848603,0.000753809,0.00003071654,0.00004628573,0.00006774328,0.00000565596,0.5567772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959669,0.0002802915,0.00003518708,0.0006102257,0.00005616898,0.000003216906,0.00001192736,0.000001659661,0.003034418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9909332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040819108","doi":"","title":"COVID-19, Occupation Tasks and Mental Health in Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mental health; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Work (physics); Demographic economics; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Survey data collection; Business; Medicine; Gerontology; Labour economics; Disease; Economics; Psychiatry; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","authors":[{"name":"Louis‐Philippe Beland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abel Brodeur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derek Mikola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Taylor Wright","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03727529961878878,"gpt":0.2572811704412823,"spread":0.2200058708224935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002923154,0.0001679709,0.0004425257,0.0001095402,0.00008868673,0.00003477757,0.000155883,0.00005697355,0.0006242664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002909515,0.0002274234,0.00004289219,0.00009253567,0.0000405791,0.0001667976,0.0000595848,0.0001472888,0.00007883146],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006717706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002761496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8008627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6979767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984879,0.00002247579,0.0005991752,0.0005019226,0.00002063067,0.0003678975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987163,0.00007658335,0.0002871524,0.0001771517,0.000002553281,0.0007402446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007843305,0.00001253252,0.9134403,0.000140004,0.00005165181,0.000009348593,0.004116361,0.003453352,0.0000496034,0.006789215,0.06721733,0.004641823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002413308,0.00008021871,0.09026884,0.00001025739,0.000002263991,0.000008445109,0.000956691,0.01096759,0.0000139431,0.0005352614,0.8942361,0.000507103],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8657963,0.002637942,0.0001192947,0.1179292,0.0007811261,0.0006455375,0.001344842,0.00005462271,0.01069107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9267282,0.0005251655,0.00004113214,0.07249208,0.00006897306,0.00001055167,0.00005973886,0.00001973476,0.00005437266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8270187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3150863609","doi":"","title":"Currency Crises, Exchange Rate Regimes, and Capital Account Liberalization: A Duration Analysis Approach","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Currency; Economics; Exchange rate; De facto; Monetary economics; Currency crisis; Capital (architecture); Capital control; Exchange-rate regime; Foreign exchange risk; Liberalization; Duration (music); International economics; Capital account; Capital outflow; Capital flows; Capital formation; Financial capital","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Karimi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03607756218648887,"gpt":0.216159789127249,"spread":0.1800822269407601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003314209,0.0002248266,0.0005140949,0.0003158285,0.0001399933,0.0001139787,0.0001826708,0.0001318103,0.0009465609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002801518,0.0002629515,0.0001903898,0.0002524797,0.00008789296,0.0004210208,0.00005922502,0.0000886205,0.0001729445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001673178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002744093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002898912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002197817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998511,0.00002377492,0.0006058341,0.00052577,0.00002059166,0.0003130803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991289,0.00001480957,0.0003708024,0.0003416304,0.00002171145,0.0001221374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004678822,0.0001304088,0.1681636,0.00008808121,0.0007213033,0.000004483493,0.0132227,0.0003413416,0.00002126524,0.8032138,0.01234911,0.001697149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001271293,0.0001544283,0.542492,0.00001376328,0.0003626844,0.00001100859,0.001408674,0.005206815,0.00009072452,0.01138389,0.4361732,0.001431553],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7130572,0.005930251,0.0004153719,0.0001927245,0.0005706927,0.000255385,0.0003618382,0.0000605201,0.2791561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952974,0.002098184,0.0002556704,0.0004280369,0.0001763735,0.00004514238,0.0001215163,0.00002207627,0.00155559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7918299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3185130270","doi":"","title":"Forecasting Canadian GDP Growth with Machine Learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Random forest; Sample (material); Variable (mathematics); Real gross domestic product; Econometrics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Data set; Term (time); Machine learning; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Shafiullah Qureshi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ba Chu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanny Demers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07171066533869278,"gpt":0.28833728777517,"spread":0.2166266224364772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007201806,0.0001376982,0.0002125689,0.0001473875,0.0003444843,0.000236135,0.0003931458,0.0000722635,0.001143776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000522621,0.0001149904,0.00008764366,0.0002669198,0.00007999787,0.0001348123,0.00005345752,0.000230097,0.0001764049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002570856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004935168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02414844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2404276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998589,0.00004884192,0.0003365619,0.000514788,0.0001712225,0.0003395752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986386,0.0004055154,0.0001488,0.0004019521,0.0001299163,0.000275245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006120415,0.00006647533,0.5909848,0.00003503629,0.0002206319,0.0004871137,0.003034573,0.02259411,0.003967897,0.09917055,0.05152276,0.2278549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005654736,0.000122971,0.005277727,0.00005697039,0.00003265392,0.0004592911,0.001739753,0.07377255,0.003429791,0.009109087,0.9046978,0.0007358817],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6414788,0.0001164804,0.0005048583,0.003458361,0.0001745835,0.0001658443,0.0000775638,0.0001265977,0.3538969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874781,0.0000223875,0.003715398,0.0005318684,0.00008051261,0.00002300085,0.00002663329,0.00002260898,0.008099456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8531751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211916329","doi":"","title":"Does Income Inequality enter into an Aggregate Model of Voter Turnout? Evidence from Canada and Indian States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turnout; Voter turnout; Inequality; Economic inequality; Demographic economics; Economics; Econometrics; Political science; Voting; Mathematics; Politics","authors":[{"name":"J. Stephen Ferris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bharatee Bhusana Dash","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02136027350287328,"gpt":0.2854266928423146,"spread":0.2640664193394413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002336494,0.0001130429,0.0002634267,0.00002207052,0.0002629581,0.00004289737,0.0001522131,0.00007942863,0.00003641446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001567288,0.00008051906,0.00004826451,0.00004036113,0.0003589827,0.0002903247,0.00008713106,0.0000877801,0.000001226209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002668512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008959825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9490209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9886395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990184,0.0001407735,0.0002506117,0.0002535048,0.0001046906,0.0002320209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993009,0.0002098002,0.0001280247,0.0001665604,0.00004036297,0.0001543382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007675168,0.00003212368,0.5631994,0.00009505526,0.0003692478,0.00002285362,0.4137244,0.0007659475,0.004787853,0.001596003,0.0002073943,0.015123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002432664,0.000189402,0.412701,0.0008570782,0.0002748556,0.000001874734,0.4367871,0.002030564,0.02970852,0.1053883,0.006969196,0.002659494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944376,0.0002230347,0.000001637927,0.00368715,0.0003982946,0.00007256397,0.0001414491,0.00001283383,0.001025464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966848,0.002054318,0.00006428824,0.0006850979,0.0002232867,0.000006502221,0.000009828164,0.000007352605,0.0002644694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1504984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3283472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1725052800","doi":"","title":"Stochastic Dominance, Estimation and Inference for Censored Distributions with Nuisance Parameter","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Censoring (clinical trials); Nuisance parameter; Statistics; Parametric statistics; Econometrics; Nuisance; Mathematics; Dominance (genetics); Inference; Statistical hypothesis testing; Stochastic dominance; Nonparametric statistics; Computer science; Estimator","authors":[{"name":"Kim P. Huynh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luke Ignaczak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02106318897334973,"gpt":0.3164491171533516,"spread":0.2953859281800018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009008663,0.000138082,0.0001858016,0.00002825853,0.0001759328,0.00005742907,0.00008578478,0.00006883564,0.0001199981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008989918,0.0001260607,0.00003505727,0.00004787391,0.0002387834,0.0001023995,0.0000139614,0.0001133071,0.00002318209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005877825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006380996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007205753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004154865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992545,0.000009600073,0.0002381582,0.0002598517,0.00004760974,0.0001903329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983481,0.001117172,0.0001279912,0.0002344442,0.00005649208,0.0001157805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002342204,0.00002756579,0.00008431727,0.00002386337,0.00001509767,1.561507e-7,0.00005012457,0.000262303,0.0006589716,0.9900406,0.0006433594,0.00817023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004061095,0.0001989375,0.02096417,0.00009484057,0.000302871,0.00005180225,0.0002316648,0.5731965,0.001532309,0.3863289,0.01193198,0.00110489],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1878399,0.000003959305,0.8088398,0.0004344359,0.00008662152,0.000509246,0.000992144,0.00006798923,0.001225973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9312592,0.000001963606,0.06795067,0.00005656199,0.00002960137,0.0003901882,0.0001782394,0.00001318382,0.0001204614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7434193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5140605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124492892","doi":"","title":"Political Competition and Convergence to Fundamentals: With Application to the Politcal Business Cycle and the Size of the Public Sector","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Competition (biology); Economics; Convergence (economics); Business cycle; Public expenditure; Government (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Public policy; Public economics; Political science; Macroeconomics; Public finance; Economic growth; Law","authors":[{"name":"J. Stephen Ferris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Soo‐Bin Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stanley L. Winer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01056385679017449,"gpt":0.193767841212001,"spread":0.1832039844218265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004082506,0.0001440153,0.0002900241,0.00005045159,0.0001874186,0.00008498226,0.0003414412,0.00005391898,0.00008520337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000863329,0.00009254753,0.00005315031,0.0001119962,0.0004187932,0.0001483763,0.0001516779,0.00009509034,0.0001135846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002175985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003464562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006074964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005282038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988924,0.00002966667,0.0003930466,0.000345854,0.000023284,0.0003157271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990895,0.0001864032,0.0001595025,0.0003912721,0.00001449533,0.0001587615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005366588,0.00001384686,0.02322595,0.00001330101,0.0000338896,4.448205e-8,0.0004133604,0.000176533,0.00005057385,0.9752228,0.0002660553,0.0005299363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002904285,0.0001000868,0.7676055,0.00002997596,0.00003341054,0.00004728441,0.001404508,0.006373046,0.0003471811,0.02929798,0.1912773,0.0005794429],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8875214,0.0001414278,0.0001394243,0.08310508,0.000164263,0.000553621,0.0001623057,0.00001219026,0.02820033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923543,0.00001843321,0.00005379778,0.007108428,0.0002336231,0.00008539891,0.000002630624,0.00001597456,0.0001273699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9459249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3773979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3151492282","doi":"","title":"What determines the length of a typical Canadian parliamentary government","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distribution (mathematics); Politics; Government (linguistics); Economics; Political science; General election; Categorization; Public economics; Function (biology); Political economy; Law","authors":[{"name":"Stephen P. Ferris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03384471592606093,"gpt":0.2785689413701449,"spread":0.244724225444084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001700991,0.00005667587,0.0001061773,0.00001048097,0.0002408831,0.0000251265,0.0001223286,0.0000467054,0.0003641816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003069445,0.00004448433,0.00005479738,0.00002590464,0.0002473236,0.0001510621,0.000008401465,0.00004468229,0.00004466235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006081791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002767784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4265153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7436553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992995,0.00008224673,0.0001630447,0.0001003513,0.0001002872,0.0002545463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995535,0.0000945721,0.00004801261,0.0001104361,0.000009039557,0.0001844262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008751051,0.00007766356,0.8073504,0.0000319128,0.0002217222,0.00002831075,0.03983324,0.0002447306,0.001761921,0.08721677,0.02932856,0.03381727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004226375,0.0001174395,0.2072922,0.00004351474,0.00004277625,0.000006854497,0.01602138,0.0001654768,0.001006818,0.0004331967,0.7741023,0.0003454698],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743748,0.0001070397,2.580315e-7,0.004260411,0.000600538,0.000135537,0.00001067798,0.000007082732,0.02050371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979524,0.0001110696,0.000003468055,0.0006878006,0.0002427048,0.00001458714,0.000001413421,0.000004599788,0.0009819458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7447737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5773036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901259000","doi":"","title":"Short-Term and Long-Term Margins of International Trade: Evidence from the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement -forthcoming in Frontiers of Economics in China","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Margin (machine learning); Term (time); Economics; Free trade agreement; China; International economics; International trade; Medium term; Free trade; Geography; Macroeconomics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Zhiqi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03048833866013821,"gpt":0.207817765783434,"spread":0.1773294271232958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004043464,0.0002429541,0.0006654238,0.0001707824,0.00004562977,0.00004105449,0.0007768428,0.000120332,0.0001569248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004458255,0.0002757691,0.0001219826,0.00006531039,0.0002439153,0.000340376,0.0001382817,0.0001815976,0.000003542892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009182767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001417153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07942012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5330672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978397,0.00002080594,0.001216671,0.0005459168,0.00002708796,0.0003497768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988157,0.0001086388,0.000451653,0.000523196,0.000003167212,0.00009764666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005216764,0.00002787347,0.9937344,0.0000137065,0.0001092087,0.000003008074,0.0009040285,0.000621879,0.00004614617,0.002328943,0.0007225225,0.001436176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008577455,0.00003739849,0.9939839,0.0000704311,0.00001080837,0.000003242899,0.0003376893,0.002061011,0.0002209227,0.0004713415,0.00167817,0.000267348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894988,0.002035819,0.00001099553,0.0024342,0.001244753,0.0002757304,0.0009650173,0.000004428831,0.003530261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964176,0.002983736,0.0001292386,0.0002223207,0.0001541861,0.00001399255,0.00003491072,0.00002204611,0.00002194528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.453647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3140907245","doi":"","title":"Politics, political competition and the political budget cycle in Canada, 1870 - 2000: a search across alternative fiscal instruments","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Competition (biology); Economics; Government (linguistics); Fiscal policy; Public economics; Public policy; Public expenditure; Macroeconomics; Economic policy; Public finance; Political economy; Political science; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"J. Stephen Ferris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stanley L. Winer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01170567605953461,"gpt":0.2179719445690699,"spread":0.2062662685095353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004215547,0.0002800142,0.0006428772,0.0001252437,0.0001969235,0.0001308573,0.0003330316,0.0001287912,0.0001814875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005316732,0.0002882691,0.0001228872,0.00006547436,0.0006785562,0.0002274326,0.000164078,0.0003581096,0.0001809674],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003944131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003333391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9247899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5305993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969523,0.00006579951,0.0009140744,0.0006020746,0.00004737246,0.001418384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989584,0.0002281265,0.000149926,0.000329087,0.000009772198,0.000324703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003114841,0.00002165764,0.1772428,0.00001267114,0.00002953494,0.0000050233,0.0001733475,0.0001880255,0.000001731074,0.8220425,0.0001874526,0.00006410399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007153846,0.00005568463,0.5155796,0.00002991911,0.00001238995,0.00005682613,0.002976926,0.02479619,0.0001995219,0.4411823,0.007137379,0.0008193605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8256301,0.000119418,0.000007329877,0.007837886,0.0003877341,0.0002368554,0.00109593,0.0000145096,0.1646702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957033,0.00001306645,0.00001982657,0.003314558,0.0005044317,0.00003500051,0.00005336517,0.00003369039,0.0003227096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3941906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097158195","doi":"","title":"What aggregate data can tell us about voter turnout in Canada; did changes in the distribution of income matter?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turnout; Gini coefficient; Voter turnout; Economics; Cointegration; Demographic economics; Spurious relationship; Population; Distribution (mathematics); Inequality; Competition (biology); Aggregate data; Income distribution; Economic inequality; Politics; Econometrics; Political science; Demography; Voting; Sociology; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Stephen J. Ferris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Voia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03751264303992883,"gpt":0.2829999470900378,"spread":0.245487304050109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003187246,0.00007777121,0.0001852476,0.00001562948,0.00004969147,0.0000579306,0.0003628112,0.00004598225,0.00009899757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005027295,0.00006499989,0.00001815138,0.00009042849,0.00008079777,0.0001957412,0.00004082335,0.000095783,0.0000128075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007229318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004579908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9568003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9961683,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990062,0.0001693941,0.000246158,0.0001927422,0.00009786158,0.0002876748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995024,0.00009256304,0.00009438607,0.0002028782,0.00000907688,0.00009867777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001703979,0.000006735793,0.9909801,0.00003309023,0.000008903547,0.000005517974,0.00573793,0.0001556653,0.0001595509,0.0008811458,0.0009899704,0.001024309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002657165,0.00002996928,0.954449,0.00009485074,0.00001124193,5.262989e-7,0.003833645,0.0005852884,0.0001878718,0.00006896524,0.04029401,0.0001789264],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723499,0.0001267099,3.21884e-7,0.02570305,0.000298051,0.00019656,0.0001726082,0.000004136158,0.001148649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978759,0.00006895527,4.742529e-7,0.001749196,0.0001660564,0.00001183271,0.00009097943,0.000004795083,0.00003185463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.039368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2650619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139941557","doi":"","title":"Cutural Issues in Trade Agreements: multiculturalism, liberalism and the NICD initiative","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"World Trade Organization Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multiculturalism; Cultural diversity; Political science; Diversity (politics); Enforcement; Liberalism; Political economy; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Keith Acheson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Maule","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02036825761409649,"gpt":0.2548951995147412,"spread":0.2345269419006447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022422,0.0001216335,0.0001917433,0.00004045538,0.0002616867,0.0001246745,0.0002018411,0.00006542364,0.001240623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008430453,0.00009224162,0.00004677942,0.0001129989,0.0006648788,0.0003905234,0.00002841701,0.0001196133,0.00007538558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002391582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001892905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001482037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003598506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989664,0.0002431231,0.0002287446,0.0002245011,0.00008868016,0.0002485473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995377,0.0001692724,0.00008527363,0.0001182887,0.000009156675,0.00008028582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000328659,0.00005279838,0.008299835,0.00001121502,0.0001370403,0.00001346747,0.6757742,0.0001828777,0.0002470027,0.2850433,0.02652277,0.003682678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004961107,0.00001906098,0.03259287,0.00003257656,0.00004291027,0.000004910613,0.04665959,0.0005911231,0.0002055464,0.0004161966,0.9139649,0.0005091749],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6170471,0.001253215,1.775628e-7,0.2524109,0.0006283291,0.0006283895,0.00001574164,0.00008899315,0.1279271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921855,0.001081406,0.00003778546,0.003233075,0.0002244084,0.00001696212,0.000004904561,0.00001156245,0.003204408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8874422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111616389","doi":"","title":"Product Line Rivalry: A Further Analysis","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Rivalry; Product line; Interlacing; Product (mathematics); Feature (linguistics); Line (geometry); Microeconomics; Asymmetry; Business; Economics; Industrial organization; Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Zhihong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhiqi Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02623728153049449,"gpt":0.1867606290620255,"spread":0.160523347531531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001726573,0.0001925424,0.0003151894,0.0002844347,0.00006402534,0.0003058783,0.0002623333,0.00004820955,0.002748451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001874912,0.0001830484,0.0002523997,0.0001764611,0.00005607485,0.002382988,0.0001018897,0.00007024965,0.002399286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008615377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002177216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000794002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000550487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989688,6.480618e-7,0.0002989441,0.0003901252,0.00003626224,0.0003051908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993824,0.000008893212,0.0001888188,0.0003763447,0.00001909498,0.00002449374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006204461,0.0005835664,0.5006299,0.0002963784,0.008211858,0.0000690845,0.001767285,0.009945573,0.0009263028,0.261527,0.02042253,0.1950001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002945217,0.00007485387,0.1606016,0.00003538628,0.002986453,0.00001028612,0.004778225,0.02483647,0.0006585351,0.02599533,0.7736798,0.003397876],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6037179,0.00002268499,0.000006184195,0.00007939227,0.0002933276,0.00008330311,0.000003427751,0.00007021149,0.3957235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963115,0.000009916258,0.00008245218,0.001427694,0.0007747147,0.00001266308,0.00004451023,0.00003069283,0.001305797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7532572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135105892","doi":"","title":"A Contribution to the Political Economy of Government Size: 'Demand', 'Supply' and 'Political Influence'","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton Economic Papers","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Taxable income; Politics; Economics; Government (linguistics); Voting; Public economics; Work (physics); Distribution (mathematics); Political science; Law; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"George Tridimas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stanley L. Winer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007931875001296275,"gpt":0.2013374884023223,"spread":0.193405613401026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004346663,0.0002522981,0.0006068402,0.00006804404,0.0001347259,0.00008294083,0.0003169217,0.0001557915,0.000100944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002986701,0.0002504755,0.0001775976,0.00005779612,0.0003209455,0.0002401016,0.0001436131,0.0001792996,0.0004081525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001212047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006558197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004492915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006600161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977086,0.00001965462,0.0008989292,0.0005418896,0.0000304542,0.0008005017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986539,0.0002065883,0.0002363858,0.0004302186,0.00001423847,0.0004585909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003110404,0.00002672297,0.02025209,0.00001421471,0.00006630337,0.000001104559,0.0001427721,0.0002846043,0.00007058954,0.9787648,0.0002919868,0.00005364612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002963091,0.0002987593,0.1333999,0.00003369723,0.00003784243,0.00004049452,0.0007003102,0.0002992252,0.002731846,0.7493877,0.1093941,0.0007130124],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7943025,0.0002450649,0.0001018541,0.03496533,0.000264275,0.0004407332,0.0007241549,0.00002435031,0.1689317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886361,0.00001095694,0.00009076502,0.01083088,0.0002626492,0.00006606099,0.000006645643,0.00002500831,0.00007095562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2293771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}