{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":156,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":156,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"461ae969f2c3","filters":{"venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science."}},"results":[{"id":"W4400725370","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v1i1.3736","title":"The harmful effects of permafrost melt: the release of greenhouse gases and damage to infrastructure","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Earth science; Environmental chemistry; Environmental protection; Geology; Chemistry; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Jacob Szaranski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01302428392709562,"gpt":0.2398142531609211,"spread":0.2267899692338254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001239422,0.0001406515,0.0002562669,0.0002637522,0.0005271052,0.0001247716,0.0007260474,0.00003647448,0.000059661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000438589,0.00007010475,0.00009513972,0.00138425,0.001488155,0.0003366233,0.00007626338,0.0002087324,0.000009975026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009478093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001897273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003613139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001049912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981993,0.00009763217,0.0004155658,0.0001627539,0.0007684067,0.0003563196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979497,0.0008984572,0.0003707061,0.0002573126,0.0002735796,0.0002502319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004842622,0.00004768559,0.6662977,0.0004305338,0.0001231465,0.0003488475,0.01259501,0.006265124,0.1954398,0.0004854349,0.04212481,0.07535774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005127353,0.0006612514,0.9709307,0.0001856914,0.00006723186,0.0001859991,0.004004252,0.001776986,0.01497634,0.002206235,0.004325707,0.0001668526],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927332,0.000775885,0.000009086159,0.005089249,0.0006813564,0.0001617926,0.0002742112,0.00000723256,0.0002679437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970126,0.002458777,0.00002928652,0.0002810696,0.0001197716,4.095037e-7,0.00001172545,0.000004663948,0.00008166234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3046331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5483171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404025052","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4806","title":"Yoga and Mental Health Outcomes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Mental health; Psychology; Psychotherapist; Psychiatry; Gerontology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Anne Bowker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02871521104118133,"gpt":0.3673829826599972,"spread":0.3386677716188159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009595011,0.00009813712,0.0002123148,0.0004615349,0.0002920406,0.0001932148,0.000261318,0.00002549472,0.001280171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002016742,0.00006697615,0.0001491842,0.000458775,0.0005232808,0.0002954167,0.00005690525,0.0002180443,0.00004147989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001079839,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002519636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003124274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005866233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986727,0.00005622465,0.0004264178,0.0001902884,0.0003979786,0.0002563409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993312,0.00004708301,0.0001655366,0.0001270772,0.0000858925,0.0002432295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002425064,0.0001484023,0.003917533,0.00004162718,0.0001295758,0.00008762009,0.002401706,0.000003371139,0.0002991749,0.539147,0.3725423,0.08125748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003048324,0.002576653,0.0893939,0.00144302,0.0001038252,0.005079746,0.02334364,0.0006665161,0.00124486,0.1868873,0.6854486,0.0007635389],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.739475,0.01073989,0.02223718,0.1820985,0.02374315,0.0002456778,0.00003944951,0.00007789971,0.02134331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947486,0.00004106808,0.0001111278,0.0003235585,0.00008555491,0.0000141996,3.373922e-7,0.00000770092,0.004667834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3522597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412123604","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v4i1.4693","title":"Large Carnivorous Dinosaurs with Tiny Arms: Why Tyrannosaurus rex had Relatively Short Forelimbs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Anatomy; Evolutionary biology; Paleontology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Martin Albert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009699404355237924,"gpt":0.2330503209838284,"spread":0.2233509166285905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001492984,0.0002403809,0.0004283094,0.0006129073,0.0007580827,0.00006290085,0.0007948928,0.0001553223,0.000103763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002060011,0.0001629351,0.0001323487,0.001348274,0.002286874,0.000830685,0.00003051798,0.000595452,0.00002584953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005630619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009345839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000189656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002350731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975596,0.0001567624,0.0005538393,0.0004009694,0.000585006,0.0007438339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985279,0.0002429511,0.000287722,0.0002366627,0.0004363894,0.0002683273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004313705,0.00006226236,0.9811855,0.00001739414,0.00009534195,0.0002327211,0.0004591942,0.001304811,0.0004001535,0.004947003,0.006276848,0.004587418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001078831,0.001290536,0.9552368,0.0001455126,0.0001253449,0.000945215,0.001890187,0.00122096,0.0002590386,0.01380244,0.02366355,0.000341618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9289173,0.003637327,0.003507931,0.01083104,0.001945553,0.000199876,0.00004008153,0.00003866448,0.05088223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967939,0.0003825031,0.001070083,0.001061126,0.0001128487,6.9871e-7,0.00001043279,0.000003277017,0.0005650938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06787664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8426082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404024935","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4925","title":"Does MATmatics Work? Impact of Early Numeracy Intervention on Students’ Math Skills","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Northwestern Polytechnic; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Numeracy; Mathematics education; Intervention (counseling); Work (physics); Psychology; Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Literacy; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Heather Douglas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rebecca Merkley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jo‐Anne LeFevre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01948421086543694,"gpt":0.4067071875099865,"spread":0.3872229766445495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004558661,0.000129238,0.0002553822,0.0006397014,0.0002857358,0.000630327,0.000872935,0.00005553868,0.0000953355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005843928,0.00007287149,0.000338623,0.001071506,0.0007516005,0.0007006638,0.00005860041,0.0003031568,0.00001633077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005066806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006670462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001917025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000106695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973279,0.0001657927,0.0006343262,0.0001565417,0.001452494,0.0002629053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984566,0.0002484895,0.0005066082,0.0001964633,0.0003964133,0.0001954172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008179743,0.002736707,0.03860226,0.0003776074,0.0004335708,0.00005414486,0.1586132,0.00009540266,0.002591477,0.7183775,0.01311435,0.06492198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008998372,0.002440933,0.03749269,0.008414166,0.00027479,0.00004819467,0.01522071,0.0004071778,0.004816533,0.9220534,0.007127925,0.0008036181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861327,0.00008226274,0.006562026,0.001806335,0.001660498,0.0001748605,0.00000263513,0.00006245892,0.003516236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955415,0.0001972043,0.002703545,0.00002752427,0.0001595857,0.000002059749,3.191654e-7,0.00001192046,0.001356312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2036759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6078258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699496","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5081","title":"CE-UV/LIF Analysis of Organic Fluorescent Dyes for Detection of Nanoplastics in Water for Quality Control","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorescence; Quality (philosophy); Chemistry; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Optics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Elbaraa Abdelsadek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward P. C. Lai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00909926482857782,"gpt":0.2547287088077018,"spread":0.245629443979124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001911583,0.0001177368,0.0004551925,0.0006217859,0.0001256241,0.00002438535,0.000303965,0.00006200661,0.00003387515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007161226,0.00008489282,0.0002141504,0.001283996,0.0005995131,0.0001709483,0.00005208459,0.00009153581,7.488857e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001422368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006811049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003631767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981437,0.00005280683,0.0008666752,0.0002035884,0.0004346646,0.0002985374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986302,0.0004614948,0.0004975419,0.0001389657,0.0001887206,0.00008304557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002265631,0.00008747893,0.008628992,0.0000393173,0.0001021684,3.967015e-7,0.0001482553,0.01432911,0.9750866,0.0002736482,0.00006114425,0.001016364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001922683,0.0003968579,0.04257971,0.000069164,0.0006908824,0.000002771719,0.0002661215,0.03627743,0.9139888,0.003396451,0.0002708814,0.0001382696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7110958,0.00002623283,0.2879397,0.0002211982,0.0004665291,0.0001768024,0.00003179581,0.000001872973,0.00004011888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988635,0.00003372219,0.0009979976,0.00003654639,0.00001660083,0.000003079889,0.000001949015,0.00000457775,0.00004208054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2877677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3461829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989660","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5531","title":"Curriculum Mapping & Enrolment Trends in Biology Courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Educational Research and Pedagogy","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Active learning (machine learning); Curriculum development; Curriculum mapping; Experiential learning","authors":[{"name":"Isabella Mayol Giannotti","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martha Mullally","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04009535763095219,"gpt":0.3951512552087773,"spread":0.3550558975778251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002056387,0.0001170404,0.000228875,0.002482986,0.0002035003,0.0002091211,0.001753883,0.00004333637,0.0000240965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000355123,0.00009270341,0.0001208504,0.003671938,0.000616395,0.0007357118,0.0002373463,0.0003191689,0.00001040043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004161082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002099272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000112658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007165381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980117,0.0001146233,0.0004717875,0.0002899309,0.0006052299,0.0005067171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985786,0.0001461017,0.0002199314,0.0002964246,0.000540048,0.0002188731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001439865,0.0005725668,0.1401525,0.00002806581,0.00006996818,0.00005174749,0.001689368,0.000600353,0.02284034,0.6480168,0.02741627,0.1585476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003569975,0.0009031412,0.1547836,0.000697977,0.00003059938,0.0004686738,0.004468585,0.01041338,0.004888198,0.508558,0.3102516,0.0009661841],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7375371,0.002630765,0.1253586,0.1101433,0.004529468,0.0001307856,0.000002000113,0.00003085063,0.01963711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914593,0.0002762637,0.006547293,0.000432021,0.00008934584,0.000002894912,8.507365e-7,0.000002479898,0.001189617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2828354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3780335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699229","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5127","title":"User Experience and Design in a First Year Brightspace Course","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Architecture and Computational Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); User experience design; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Rosena Zhuang","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Gilbert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009409513627090388,"gpt":0.2440139486671577,"spread":0.2346044350400673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003678546,0.00008979786,0.0001404327,0.0003281572,0.0001018059,0.00006983944,0.0002377092,0.00002660657,0.000004101863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003920596,0.00007350031,0.00002837044,0.0006994296,0.0003590514,0.0002786295,0.00002690919,0.0001551564,0.00000174699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008695856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001840022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004349611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006835186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999207,0.00002114559,0.000213941,0.0001086882,0.0002656084,0.0001835899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995975,0.000107436,0.00004454371,0.00007801085,0.00008885532,0.00008361557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001036716,0.00009588114,0.01224272,0.00009192693,0.00007548675,0.0002241875,0.007772782,0.9071048,0.0206311,0.02762477,0.01249764,0.01153502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006729009,0.0008691138,0.2387294,0.0021199,0.0001681625,0.0009617523,0.007097146,0.3381022,0.0683187,0.3067082,0.0283985,0.00179793],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5848791,0.0009924086,0.4086594,0.00251288,0.0006332503,0.0001394535,4.984568e-7,0.0000312793,0.00215167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930564,0.0001681499,0.006532165,0.0000730765,0.00002672183,0.000001738071,4.947177e-8,0.000005338138,0.0001364198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5690026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2997255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400725530","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v1i1.3894","title":"ACCd and PGPRs: increasing plant productivity for more sustainable agricultural practices","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; Productivity; Sustainable agriculture; Agroforestry; Business; Agricultural productivity; Environmental science; Agricultural science; Agricultural economics; Biology; Economics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Milie Lemieux","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.033470561447632,"gpt":0.2781916998836506,"spread":0.2447211384360186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002653833,0.0001306113,0.00022522,0.00005095887,0.0007635634,0.0003421373,0.00034848,0.00005136751,0.000004816909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001917339,0.0000467395,0.00008769989,0.000982621,0.0005663433,0.001200394,0.0001201018,0.0001621348,0.000001005792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007766046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007839938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002543325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005347086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984126,0.00006726781,0.0002892473,0.0002938081,0.0004733094,0.0004637873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982158,0.0004874409,0.0005233623,0.0000513442,0.00051354,0.000208494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002127122,0.00009641737,0.01208822,0.00005130987,0.00002171633,0.00002389324,0.0005631601,0.00001130779,0.9629593,0.0005659435,0.00964704,0.01375896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006965875,0.001118739,0.849892,0.00009751173,0.00008569249,0.000544414,0.03791198,0.000322261,0.04762972,0.007966486,0.05317648,0.0005580799],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775,0.0002073585,0.000002458276,0.02163303,0.0002092663,0.0002037934,0.00001951253,0.00003036599,0.0001942164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988514,0.0001357403,0.00005603147,0.00007502567,0.0002725728,0.00000402854,0.000009557667,8.766563e-7,0.0005947224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9153296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.587279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699346","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5103","title":"Building Queer Utopia: A Framework for Collectivity & Creativity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Cultural Industries and Urban Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Queer; Utopia; Creativity; Sociology; Aesthetics; Gender studies; Art; Political science; Art history; Law","authors":[{"name":"Maya Chorney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Brouillette","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05114219110837891,"gpt":0.3723743789066845,"spread":0.3212321877983055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003009272,0.0001367596,0.0003139416,0.0003289355,0.001862113,0.0004180218,0.0006097345,0.0001353685,0.00003645461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003582057,0.00010931,0.0001771953,0.002234717,0.001505793,0.0006225473,0.0000852565,0.0003533898,0.000001657972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001052345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003074639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004423138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005633326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979849,0.000102414,0.0004019697,0.0002410559,0.0007691656,0.0005005287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997631,0.0005856229,0.0003508311,0.0001348208,0.001069389,0.0002284119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005780577,0.0001003617,0.005309809,0.00002219506,0.00008213017,0.000005681784,0.003408516,0.00008228697,0.003165251,0.800073,0.1671924,0.02050056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004408771,0.00007976536,0.00265509,0.0002659813,0.00005046939,0.00000689659,0.002728107,0.00003508282,0.002706709,0.2353842,0.7554365,0.0002103137],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.453437,0.0006093199,0.3740838,0.1350548,0.006748581,0.0009172034,0.000009000789,0.00009455976,0.02904571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383384,0.0002002046,0.02738073,0.0004486877,0.0003588965,0.000009348015,2.230694e-7,0.000006385611,0.03325715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5882441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699281","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5099","title":"Exploring Identity Through Two-Eyed Seeing: Insights into 2SLGBTQ+ Student Experiences at Carleton University","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Identity (music); Sociology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Art; Aesthetics","authors":[{"name":"Aanya Baindur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rick Colbourne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09802219842421414,"gpt":0.4041850538922466,"spread":0.3061628554680325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004058347,0.0002843762,0.0005282584,0.001093484,0.001646153,0.0001506935,0.001496404,0.00008150619,0.00007017154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003927481,0.0002484922,0.0002182788,0.003253589,0.001791196,0.002764395,0.0004492223,0.0008647862,0.00002327285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001318195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004915879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005132668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004509294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959947,0.001058334,0.000695426,0.0005768786,0.001103875,0.0005707269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975846,0.000309426,0.0007230268,0.0004554378,0.000748207,0.0001792815],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004861371,0.0005417732,0.03396256,0.00006304148,0.0005111984,0.0007096398,0.5192198,0.000865202,0.09489826,0.3305964,0.0035879,0.01455807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006087526,0.001225521,0.1208556,0.00076048,0.0003311808,0.000231782,0.6103833,0.0001231569,0.03511031,0.02780022,0.1957757,0.0013153],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9375126,0.0009340639,0.03063476,0.001755505,0.00654567,0.0001250456,3.324982e-7,0.00005500741,0.022437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928507,0.000194991,0.002940811,0.0003363174,0.0002099801,0.000003498157,5.705455e-7,0.00001435836,0.003448736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3027962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699510","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5095","title":"Exploring the Gendered Nature and Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Developmental Trauma, and Complex Trauma in a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Child Abuse and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Adverse Childhood Experiences; Sample (material); Psychology; Economic Justice; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Political science; Mental health","authors":[{"name":"Eva G. Huppe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelley L. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tracey A. Skilling","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ellen Coady","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07240593070772593,"gpt":0.3032582042688924,"spread":0.2308522735611665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008985212,0.0001761046,0.0003695864,0.0004967652,0.0002196382,0.00002509696,0.0005202448,0.00006483607,0.00003157127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001541518,0.0001260229,0.00008026809,0.000946132,0.001477279,0.0004501372,0.00009698793,0.0004111158,2.596385e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006957171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002387953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008454529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000861205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981179,0.0000959565,0.0006987926,0.0003094533,0.000465891,0.0003119806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988895,0.0002562692,0.0003918257,0.0001912321,0.000159643,0.0001115262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007882685,0.001201121,0.1644728,0.0007833912,0.0004399364,0.00007143628,0.7327583,0.0001053909,0.008730581,0.01519993,0.0002917328,0.07515711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002047313,0.0001668434,0.7115239,0.0003765734,0.0001165964,0.00005672191,0.2808301,0.00002821973,0.003789602,0.0008909067,0.00004056306,0.00013273],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959614,0.001511182,0.00008061314,0.0003955187,0.000675515,0.0002048956,0.0000142363,0.000005365546,0.001151306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998461,0.000492895,0.0008597371,0.0001155134,0.00003499788,0.000006218694,7.448801e-7,0.000006973893,0.00002191607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5470511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5443095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989606","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5412","title":"Enhancing a First-Year Seminar for Optimized Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Metacognition; Cognition; Task analysis; Online course; Active learning (machine learning)","authors":[{"name":"Ruth Nobossi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brendan Conway-Smith","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02429761661311697,"gpt":0.3732168415332869,"spread":0.34891922492017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01686792,0.000144749,0.000372136,0.0008354833,0.002522944,0.0002906403,0.0008662409,0.00008827227,0.00002005988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01005557,0.000129637,0.0001940363,0.002386996,0.001719174,0.0007503895,0.00008901069,0.0005347902,0.000002693026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007494273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002081781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007636962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004431497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973022,0.00040192,0.0006014066,0.0002591008,0.0008485283,0.0005868267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964781,0.001120061,0.0005926452,0.0001472764,0.001501509,0.0001604188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005088006,0.0002219756,0.007432701,0.0001721646,0.000219484,0.00003303933,0.0436432,0.005999945,0.1920748,0.7151125,0.01387768,0.02070374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0077289,0.001307715,0.001634309,0.002229683,0.0003556048,0.00004871846,0.1306746,0.002609707,0.1458757,0.2469171,0.4592723,0.001345574],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2000745,0.0003546184,0.7024795,0.02935746,0.004971137,0.0006519409,0.000001808819,0.0001068781,0.06200213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8158339,0.0001410895,0.1774787,0.0002460507,0.0003397129,0.000006343436,3.04077e-7,0.00001304661,0.005940934],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6157594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414384812","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5388","title":"Modelling Electric Field Distribution in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Targeting Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in People with Schizophrenia: A SimNIBS Simulation Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation; Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming); Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Neuromodulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Brain–computer interface; Software; Auditory hallucination","authors":[{"name":"Courtney Reesor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aster Javier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Woytowicz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Verner Knott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natalia Jaworska","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04482026786739234,"gpt":0.3486601994778941,"spread":0.3038399316105018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007436344,0.0001674415,0.0002987351,0.0007279093,0.0003746938,0.00007901537,0.0002834379,0.00004456507,0.000002140672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031852,0.0001322768,0.000063042,0.003236255,0.0001422947,0.0007648174,0.00003154292,0.0005074362,7.494154e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003603338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002588946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006004646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001173383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979136,0.0001763262,0.0005868377,0.0003932748,0.000597098,0.000332874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998995,0.0003588893,0.0002616321,0.0001050119,0.0002200086,0.0000594456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005482385,0.0008214798,0.02890247,0.00001267146,0.000004500914,0.00003317063,0.0007505395,0.8874223,0.0770757,0.0001058647,0.00004092976,0.004282092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009627735,0.002625587,0.1630657,0.000412701,0.0001716056,0.00002099023,0.001267668,0.7835883,0.0342738,0.00418379,0.0001208325,0.0006411892],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983988,0.0001149201,0.01349778,0.001056899,0.0008854632,0.0003601229,0.000002086027,0.00001660643,0.00007810877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997633,0.0000622049,0.00003672187,0.00003702984,0.00007484597,0.000007617409,8.577206e-7,0.000005480776,0.00001192788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1341633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5394093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920565","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5285","title":"The Psychedelic Reset: How Psychedelics May Reshape the Corticostriatal Circuit in Anorexia Nervosa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Anorexia nervosa; Reset (finance); Psychology; Psychotherapist; Psychiatry; Business; Eating disorders","authors":[{"name":"Maham Khurram","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04262075542991788,"gpt":0.3539964131355736,"spread":0.3113756577056557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005215234,0.0003278966,0.0004792433,0.0006626741,0.001387516,0.0005896175,0.002425082,0.000139675,0.00002193888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007887635,0.0001829184,0.0002905265,0.003506123,0.00304652,0.0003452294,0.000241661,0.0009837067,0.00002307951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000295679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007611421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001088919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003156229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959053,0.0003250409,0.001081542,0.0005283229,0.00115282,0.001006919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996484,0.0007565862,0.000768506,0.001007285,0.0007833205,0.0002002837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008338649,0.0005576279,0.03810968,0.00003367147,0.0005880804,0.0001739173,0.005776044,0.0001362627,0.008211826,0.3641196,0.4902016,0.09125776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008895789,0.001124131,0.2064184,0.0005976765,0.0003178661,0.0007038514,0.05619625,0.00103636,0.0005990411,0.2906865,0.4321834,0.001240825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5859944,0.01426687,0.001494559,0.2958746,0.014777,0.0007486117,0.00001351335,0.00004297611,0.08678751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930483,0.001604995,0.00005804521,0.001678823,0.0003354139,0.00002138607,8.227609e-7,0.00002046169,0.003231768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4070539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414402500","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5301","title":"Mental Health and Career Intentions Among Young Adults","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Department of National Defence; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Loneliness; Mental health; Moderation; Psychological distress; Distress; Young adult; Exploratory research","authors":[{"name":"Lucas Larivière","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kathryne E. Dupré","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eva Guérin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08673958576248668,"gpt":0.3903212363284262,"spread":0.3035816505659395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002829263,0.0001117714,0.0002272611,0.000349972,0.001682634,0.0002721275,0.0004615713,0.00004066899,0.00001614661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005484524,0.00009452074,0.0001128594,0.0009323483,0.003652161,0.0006995859,0.0001055083,0.0001834363,0.000001363768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009265476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002097368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002650798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003792579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974838,0.0001559041,0.0004919727,0.0002410815,0.001179127,0.0004481074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984827,0.00004684493,0.0003014842,0.0001445795,0.000462709,0.0005616497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008383203,0.0002892592,0.82893,0.0001141441,0.00008323835,0.000007569629,0.06403359,0.00001549107,0.0008514773,0.05783351,0.03244189,0.01531597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004292962,0.001294971,0.3101383,0.001979445,0.0001233334,0.00004933679,0.5600367,0.0002703371,0.000676342,0.06416798,0.05614874,0.0008215402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9263186,0.001034238,0.0002713356,0.04573263,0.00259984,0.0003264024,0.000003744156,0.00002132866,0.0236919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962659,0.001865834,0.0001624029,0.0004964569,0.00008922102,0.000002656876,7.187831e-7,0.000004085103,0.001112716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5187917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989661","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5490","title":"Beyond The Classroom: Exploring Outdoor Learning in Canadian Schools","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Outdoor and Experiential Education","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Outdoor education; Work (physics); Focus group; Diversity (politics); Experiential learning; Participant observation","authors":[{"name":"Emma Simpson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laurel Donison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Megan Zeni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louise de Lannoy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel T. Buxton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kimberly Matheson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tanya Halsall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02794667596281985,"gpt":0.33056110650375,"spread":0.3026144305409301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001979265,0.0001206215,0.0001914382,0.001126559,0.0005048815,0.0002067629,0.0006587558,0.00005638168,0.0001111525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004580616,0.00008929366,0.00009189209,0.001839825,0.0004287396,0.0005911889,0.00004174826,0.0007438926,0.00004727627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006939819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002299168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02621212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01144575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982172,0.0001286851,0.0004600358,0.0002209196,0.0003675527,0.000605591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989336,0.00008221755,0.0001984832,0.0002309613,0.0002685335,0.0002862567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002518544,0.0003544533,0.4447454,0.00004034722,0.0002167469,0.0002599907,0.06775455,0.002821558,0.02059849,0.2455741,0.09337728,0.1240053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003464526,0.0005962893,0.3216332,0.000492293,0.0001451199,0.000311694,0.3068847,0.0004926759,0.00657235,0.05625011,0.3023004,0.0008566023],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9023963,0.000592383,0.0001474867,0.03154459,0.007849728,0.0001201409,5.869936e-7,0.00001093478,0.0573379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956713,0.00006471492,0.00007052054,0.0007639218,0.000227699,0.00001131849,5.015045e-7,0.00000834522,0.003181692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2391302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9802724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699331","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5126","title":"A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis of Remote Real Estate Listings","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Systemic functional grammar; Systemic functional linguistics; Linguistics; Systemic risk; Business; Real estate; Linguistic analysis; Computer science; Economics; Finance; Grammar; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Emily Udle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachelle Vessey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01016427636550299,"gpt":0.259162719179066,"spread":0.248998442813563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001637689,0.0001925899,0.0005569759,0.002666018,0.0003018407,0.0002100799,0.001877981,0.00005436942,0.000003940987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001844612,0.0001531635,0.000323727,0.009357323,0.0004335098,0.0004854885,0.0003049258,0.0002795903,0.00000195991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001763641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001156932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006964382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001412654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970605,0.00008791322,0.0009328209,0.0004097277,0.001126694,0.000382363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996269,0.0002950143,0.000952358,0.0005451891,0.001739273,0.0001991417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004964599,0.0005935082,0.02353333,0.001172154,0.005667961,0.0005712904,0.04533449,0.1207529,0.2232712,0.261241,0.001178721,0.316187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003860815,0.001208365,0.06825875,0.002648623,0.005053924,0.0009277397,0.00637848,0.8038509,0.02909386,0.07050195,0.00675764,0.001458877],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6795508,0.0002875336,0.2993087,0.002439967,0.002644865,0.0001215289,0.000004384384,0.00005739402,0.01558487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868196,0.0003275325,0.01222613,0.0003433308,0.00009512059,4.871471e-7,0.000001359085,0.000005295755,0.0001811756],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6830981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6245828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404025153","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4856","title":"Assessing Clinical and Cognitive Outcomes in Depressed Youth Following Chronic Cardiovascular Exercise","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Depression (economics); Clinical psychology; Medicine; Physical therapy; Psychology; Gerontology; Psychiatry","authors":[{"name":"Katie Bush","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie Huc","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dana Crack","is_ca":true},{"name":"Corrine Staff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natalia Jaworska","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05561575659859993,"gpt":0.4059788388566424,"spread":0.3503630822580425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007002841,0.000173537,0.0009352368,0.0008965593,0.0002303296,0.000246568,0.0001355615,0.0000805032,0.000002068194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005408934,0.0001300795,0.0006271521,0.001188589,0.001087432,0.001048373,0.0000811924,0.0007132451,0.000003259823],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006536388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006010043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008211736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005095257,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996742,0.00009638122,0.0008907877,0.0004156014,0.001264824,0.0005904337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983614,0.0002161951,0.0001344521,0.0001911068,0.000244197,0.0008526174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003357589,0.0003304027,0.5048318,0.001575173,0.0006176876,0.004070288,0.00374578,0.00004719177,0.002909475,0.0001614704,0.00008955299,0.4812854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01567933,0.001818718,0.9251289,0.01821907,0.004276085,0.00237032,0.02456149,0.001539849,0.003956103,0.0008466854,0.0008999639,0.0007035251],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9733894,0.02108133,0.000263337,0.001180528,0.002625279,0.0003664428,0.000002836155,0.00002082786,0.001070035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996587,0.00258583,0.0002375968,0.0002381563,0.000294315,0.000002687741,0.000001222794,0.00001957819,0.000033662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4805819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699505","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5096","title":"Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Tissue Classification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Dielectric spectroscopy; Electrical impedance; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics; Electrode","authors":[{"name":"Elizabeth John","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlos Rossa","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. McDermott","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009195867320752891,"gpt":0.2745397726806557,"spread":0.2653439053599028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005435382,0.0001408996,0.0002474714,0.0006580562,0.0001807145,0.00009963963,0.0004843412,0.00006155748,0.000003037283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001286224,0.0001131963,0.0001337288,0.002553971,0.0003389236,0.0003236769,0.00001407008,0.0002526445,0.00000288088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002641431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002666148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001190197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001238298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985794,0.00001402829,0.0004292669,0.0001746755,0.0003698395,0.0004328053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991421,0.0001058251,0.0001206352,0.0001490701,0.0003464572,0.0001359736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003136372,0.00003368829,0.0003685796,0.00003404544,0.00002884071,0.000002640548,0.00002462412,0.0002927006,0.9411937,0.01375755,0.01205904,0.03217322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009164694,0.0006304694,0.004141174,0.00009129162,0.00008357075,0.00004716023,0.00006274429,0.037412,0.8806499,0.05023362,0.02541804,0.0003135098],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5383808,0.006890438,0.4274169,0.008182367,0.003687617,0.0006626032,0.000007562354,0.0002435728,0.01452816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933457,0.0007614529,0.005362258,0.000127095,0.0001736584,0.000006701799,5.871343e-7,0.0000103619,0.0002121302],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4549649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4616009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404025137","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4836","title":"Using the FRAME Framework to Understand Therapist-Led Adaptations to the Secret Agent Society Program for Autistic Children","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; Montreal Clinical Research Institute; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; York University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Frame (networking); Psychology; Psychotherapist; Cognitive science; Computer science; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Alexis Virtue","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie H. Ameis","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Ariel Cascio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kylie M. Gray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Connor M. Kerns","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meng‐Chuan Lai","is_ca":true},{"name":"Johanna Lake","is_ca":true},{"name":"Éric Racine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kendra Thomson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan A. Weiss","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vivian Lee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07481910278453613,"gpt":0.3829996627878194,"spread":0.3081805600032833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002162059,0.000244974,0.0002506518,0.0003114874,0.001932249,0.001644486,0.001832919,0.00007376593,0.00002932479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001157606,0.0001372663,0.0003382841,0.00372998,0.001377701,0.0004213543,0.000246446,0.0008065839,0.00001982836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006405704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001431902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002676344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002237178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996179,0.0001799207,0.0005000256,0.0005599977,0.001728964,0.0008520514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979306,0.0009118507,0.0001791423,0.0004916751,0.0001430793,0.0003436783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002247909,0.0004538538,0.0002060601,0.0001089379,0.0003046947,0.0000637319,0.05148578,0.04283105,0.1767082,0.669272,0.0256344,0.03270652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001280991,0.003506355,0.004610115,0.001059542,0.0003551665,0.001041564,0.01298672,0.1777933,0.02102751,0.736286,0.03878382,0.001268945],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1725548,0.0007961289,0.5841997,0.2381154,0.001495844,0.002495004,0.00004604905,0.00009101735,0.0002060528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828995,0.0001905046,0.01357536,0.0027962,0.0002720408,0.00003930988,5.231263e-7,0.00004186944,0.0001846926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8103447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699211","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5110","title":"Identifying Barriers and Motivations for Course Instructors at Carleton University While Implementing Community Engagement Pedagogies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Service-Learning and Community Engagement","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Pedagogy; Community engagement; Sociology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Political science; Public relations; Engineering; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Deborah Conners","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08392907395900191,"gpt":0.3580841866779753,"spread":0.2741551127189734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008433951,0.000140722,0.0002375179,0.0005082859,0.01220682,0.0003267784,0.001012961,0.000055545,0.00003091152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008072604,0.0001469751,0.0001153501,0.001120942,0.001424305,0.0009265986,0.0006200193,0.0006391824,6.427549e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009077798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00128173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002051054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002405874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997336,0.00102294,0.0003576719,0.0001686582,0.000626432,0.0004883404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975817,0.0007411651,0.0004187353,0.0002688107,0.0007366115,0.0002529858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002122865,0.0003289205,0.3181805,0.0004282588,0.000712886,0.00001620385,0.3330585,0.001239226,0.01511005,0.2849875,0.01320632,0.03251933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001128078,0.0001140032,0.02764001,0.0001945033,0.0001907667,0.000003551862,0.840579,0.00011258,0.001052615,0.00410801,0.1246544,0.0002225439],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827223,0.0001464002,0.001369,0.00563314,0.0007079081,0.0002439693,0.000007399905,0.00003801979,0.0091319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967282,0.0003861062,0.001187247,0.0001973212,0.00005015893,0.000001605006,0.0000025927,0.000007051017,0.001439656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5075205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9890792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989664","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5527","title":"Exploring Data-Driven Approaches to Pattern and Form Development in Design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Visualization; Craft; Focus (optics); Data visualization; Table (database); Product design; Product (mathematics); New product development","authors":[{"name":"Tie Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven Pong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3897892742538298,"gpt":0.3054663097997074,"spread":0.0843229644541224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001452868,0.00009196284,0.0001404971,0.0006056665,0.00008956723,0.0001371025,0.0004600494,0.00001716828,0.000002851069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001386361,0.00008263882,0.00001114044,0.0007818592,0.00007398667,0.001751896,0.00008891672,0.0001676144,0.000004409903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002091297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003670969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004667294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001136114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990487,0.00002769414,0.00031652,0.0001477892,0.0002517825,0.0002075696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994612,0.0001150508,0.00005869446,0.0001746803,0.00005745412,0.0001328666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005495173,0.0001521568,0.005435948,0.0002156388,0.0001206113,0.00004852018,0.01706275,0.08772056,0.01503407,0.002530062,0.006405069,0.8652197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005383433,0.0005651632,0.1688245,0.002927375,0.0002555152,0.0006309405,0.0353132,0.3171936,0.1668089,0.009040977,0.2902669,0.002789511],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5474781,0.0004070638,0.4392731,0.006881475,0.001797476,0.000269065,0.000001068235,0.00003748655,0.003855122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816532,0.0002502588,0.01786898,0.0001318567,0.00003065851,0.000005925571,4.492396e-7,0.000006640761,0.00005205486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8624302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3369913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920580","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5306","title":"Neuroprotective or Neurohype? Unpacking GLP-1 Agonists in Brain Health and Weight Loss","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Diet and metabolism studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Unpacking; Neuroprotection; Neuroscience; Weight loss; Psychology; Medicine; Internal medicine; Obesity; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Kolade Adene","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01823034618590661,"gpt":0.320846034438567,"spread":0.3026156882526603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001235721,0.0001689215,0.000580147,0.0008568232,0.0002749203,0.00007487344,0.0001975187,0.00003488827,0.000003225466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001134899,0.0001140647,0.00007975972,0.001715769,0.001049554,0.0003125095,0.0001218747,0.0004397689,0.00000110448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001913794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001869714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004056761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003189906,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998143,0.00009218128,0.0005273203,0.0002836314,0.0005262399,0.0004276454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987638,0.0001390587,0.0003026454,0.0001588565,0.0003304708,0.0003051443],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00665447,0.001570948,0.3121812,0.002006515,0.0005809171,0.005823651,0.02368842,0.0001332053,0.1201433,0.03574299,0.05490913,0.4365652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01558358,0.004118239,0.7920707,0.003818554,0.0002460967,0.002057598,0.008671376,0.0004361991,0.008010415,0.02207784,0.1421738,0.0007355653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8702448,0.003579802,0.0002604481,0.1208588,0.001483563,0.0003170238,0.000001345741,0.00001573735,0.003238523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890109,0.004107969,0.0004143492,0.00506728,0.0001423582,0.000002361783,1.947112e-7,0.00001042607,0.001244167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4798895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4651423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404024947","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4928","title":"Sex Differences in ADHD Symptomatology Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Psychology; Virology; Medicine; Outbreak; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Disease","authors":[{"name":"Maria Rogers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chelsea Chen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1017839297544077,"gpt":0.4006606305568439,"spread":0.2988767008024362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001839839,0.0001704427,0.000457948,0.0006441248,0.0002118699,0.0001576775,0.000421825,0.00008516165,0.00007993766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008831593,0.00009831438,0.0001815162,0.001470856,0.00163079,0.0005190687,0.00007843489,0.0006972718,0.0000303491],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004767009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002078861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006141228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002943842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976975,0.0001465685,0.0005634015,0.0003009503,0.0009029896,0.0003886274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985375,0.0005530164,0.0002099665,0.00024388,0.0001704944,0.0002851302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009098015,0.0002407887,0.9561095,0.0002264202,0.000165513,0.000826156,0.006913553,0.0001998605,0.01898311,0.006186117,0.005058089,0.004999899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01601269,0.004042898,0.3638602,0.002786347,0.001894245,0.164975,0.1883347,0.02924939,0.002309222,0.115122,0.1089026,0.002510634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9333186,0.001848197,0.001521361,0.06110352,0.0009972582,0.0001753699,0.000001930372,0.00004652643,0.0009872459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965588,0.0007213366,0.00007823632,0.001668517,0.0001618213,0.000003997299,6.760546e-7,0.0000141309,0.000792433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5922493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6008714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404024998","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4808","title":"Ethnic Identification and Stress: Examining HPA Axis Reactivity in Response to a Discrimination Related Laboratory Stressor","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Stressor; Psychology; Identification (biology); Ethnic group; Stress (linguistics); Reactivity (psychology); Fight-or-flight response; Clinical psychology; Political science; Medicine; Biology; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Muntaha Panhwar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chad Danyluck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robyn J. McQuaid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Irene V. Blair","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stacie L. Daugherty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth Brondolo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spero M. Manson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03156832652410061,"gpt":0.2814927640040776,"spread":0.249924437479977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003403429,0.000110085,0.0001682924,0.0002144999,0.0001546117,0.0002458757,0.0002477035,0.00006452866,0.00001191426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001040769,0.00005060951,0.00003648836,0.002057107,0.0002729873,0.0009812475,0.00006082153,0.0002644343,0.000003848301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001700044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001148072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004969265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002836662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983168,0.0002327432,0.0004270035,0.0002944147,0.0004978479,0.0002311933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988612,0.0005211361,0.0001743229,0.00005798489,0.0002099652,0.0001753953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006785846,0.00003718874,0.002057049,0.000008516429,0.000004703785,0.00005613039,0.0007980738,0.00002852476,0.9631233,0.0001322506,0.00007512803,0.03361124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001268763,0.0004564981,0.9481736,0.0003181371,0.00001890195,0.00005123326,0.001856214,0.0003025155,0.04617975,0.002010783,0.0003574558,0.0001480277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913406,0.0005679809,0.00002245856,0.007495923,0.0003375201,0.0001001261,0.00002563893,0.00002066756,0.00008905117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961,0.0001213759,0.00004794665,0.00005100183,0.00006692312,0.00000261037,0.000002345123,0.000001237007,0.00009655858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9461166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2370985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404025113","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4881","title":"Comparison of Measures of Mathematical Achievement: EMA@School and Star Math Assessment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Star (game theory); Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Alastair Amsden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather Douglas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jo‐Anne LeFevre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carolyn Mussio","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06289353862550284,"gpt":0.3757068388815562,"spread":0.3128133002560534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002523082,0.0002065227,0.0007645698,0.0004309827,0.0001036121,0.0001155202,0.000376081,0.00005404612,0.00007596587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009505488,0.0001406044,0.0001742115,0.000593378,0.00102744,0.0004321566,0.00017513,0.0003032267,0.000006348472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001549875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005365515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002141617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000143754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964883,0.00006216822,0.001302258,0.0002226402,0.001637689,0.0002869597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975996,0.0008337063,0.0005485924,0.0001802062,0.0005622189,0.0002757029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006887204,0.001469319,0.002251271,0.002799002,0.0004327882,0.00007038243,0.003333086,0.000006308276,0.08447634,0.8908368,0.002588666,0.0116672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005774446,0.0006397606,0.002249727,0.002222251,0.0002349371,0.000129801,0.003465508,0.001487336,0.05253741,0.9359592,0.0002604399,0.0002362083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9690869,0.0007364022,0.02199255,0.001634661,0.0002397215,0.0002672338,0.00000984654,0.00002213667,0.006010481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9596028,0.0001125577,0.04006806,0.00002546537,0.0000401863,0.000002113205,3.731684e-7,0.00001651218,0.000131982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04512241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5733681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405564526","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v4i1.4504","title":"Exploring the Complex Link: Pedophilia and its Association with Psychiatric Comorbidities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Pedophilia; Association (psychology); Link (geometry); Psychiatry; Psychology; Medicine; Psychotherapist; Human factors and ergonomics; Poison control; Environmental health; Computer science; Computer network","authors":[{"name":"Lea Rawlinson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09159337970813657,"gpt":0.3224887051337344,"spread":0.2308953254255978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001778304,0.0001485479,0.0002278769,0.0003854338,0.0004072347,0.0002533491,0.0003712848,0.0000459293,0.0000648128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005950476,0.00009031739,0.00008987453,0.001024695,0.000522031,0.0005682041,0.00003334737,0.0004748945,0.00002618452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001202239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002280775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002654331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001886086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982554,0.0001406996,0.0003488793,0.0002599145,0.0006269932,0.0003680578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989665,0.0002442924,0.0002506701,0.0001519794,0.0002609067,0.0001257052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001084332,0.0007355145,0.09487812,0.0005567208,0.001728448,0.001952671,0.1394226,0.0004768642,0.01834382,0.4345431,0.1831808,0.123097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003808025,0.003400113,0.6981476,0.0004502391,0.0007208203,0.006581544,0.03622689,0.001477778,0.0002275345,0.0458837,0.2018933,0.001182452],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9326981,0.004740839,0.0001571449,0.05247077,0.003970427,0.0001042833,0.000008195372,0.0000265469,0.005823676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966984,0.001068322,0.00008478042,0.0005069198,0.0005973313,0.000006690706,7.730591e-7,0.00001430038,0.001022477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6032695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3683037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699176","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.4905","title":"From Commerce to Catharsis: Investigating Fandom and Cathartic Consumerism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Catharsis; Fandom; Consumerism; Cathartic; Sociology; Aesthetics; Art; Psychology; Media studies; Psychoanalysis; Political science; Medicine; Law","authors":[{"name":"Teagan Dubé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aron Darmody","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02713323349700549,"gpt":0.3420933957373526,"spread":0.3149601622403472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002141394,0.0001369309,0.0003190752,0.000409757,0.00117091,0.0003527042,0.0005726238,0.00006047409,0.00001598476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002081387,0.0001223527,0.00007247103,0.001251457,0.002240591,0.0005823525,0.0001168609,0.0002689986,0.000006357016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002525089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00167874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002067514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000274178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977652,0.0001943806,0.000489652,0.0002721643,0.0008098212,0.0004687735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981408,0.0003917525,0.0002734209,0.0001675824,0.0003706554,0.0006558579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000986025,0.0002015094,0.1000642,0.00009409824,0.0002593731,0.000128144,0.434876,0.0002838174,0.266647,0.03045968,0.03834067,0.128547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006950104,0.000527068,0.06833757,0.003674703,0.0007505066,0.00009015707,0.507622,0.001041659,0.05073575,0.2379108,0.1204951,0.001864612],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9607451,0.001198201,0.00144139,0.02865302,0.001602795,0.0001479845,0.000003274752,0.00002075784,0.006187496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942434,0.000324896,0.002112444,0.002488644,0.0002476974,0.000001708438,3.733317e-7,0.000006426159,0.0005744086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2159112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9005815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400725331","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v2i1.4512","title":"Neuroscientist Spotlight: Dr. Staci Gruber","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscientist; Psychology; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Eleni Tsiolas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03383694217487741,"gpt":0.2922394420864969,"spread":0.2584024999116195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001702989,0.000251225,0.0003196524,0.001082567,0.0008175074,0.0008953374,0.0009327781,0.00004638206,0.00005071507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007023401,0.0001915404,0.0002560236,0.003360732,0.002791515,0.002070016,0.0002491535,0.0005373332,0.0001380093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003701533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008406501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005505102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004538742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959494,0.0001265846,0.0005583789,0.0007329594,0.002023495,0.0006091921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968708,0.001896069,0.000237567,0.0003150643,0.0003601343,0.0003203774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003685917,0.00009295947,0.0002597888,0.00004576555,0.00001648436,0.0009059724,0.0004348646,0.0003153794,0.8709834,0.04891704,0.07526635,0.002725204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007009048,0.0008086358,0.002927845,0.0002884761,0.00008661909,0.004304819,0.0004737331,0.002930247,0.5172861,0.0443647,0.425172,0.00065598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8194922,0.00130124,0.003001165,0.1231697,0.03085339,0.0003196148,0.00003154673,0.0002714754,0.02155964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922163,0.0002401011,0.0001386724,0.002413251,0.0004520164,0.000002517554,1.386343e-7,0.0000289096,0.004508048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3536973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699247","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5112","title":"The Tap-Tap: A Wearable Device to Make Music Learning More Accessible","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Tap water; Wearable computer; Human–computer interaction; Computer science; Multimedia; Engineering; Embedded system","authors":[{"name":"Ainonimechi Eze-Anyanwu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Audrey Girouard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leon Lu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03832984498640513,"gpt":0.3296330317050859,"spread":0.2913031867186808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006207395,0.0001761773,0.000235946,0.0006424504,0.002164232,0.0009002107,0.001318919,0.00004551133,0.00002959744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002706093,0.0001189475,0.000157464,0.003005961,0.0007484623,0.0009291241,0.0001972756,0.0007420407,0.00005991246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002560304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007668876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003002005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004183259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974698,0.0001432847,0.0005399545,0.0003670425,0.0009031911,0.0005766972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978608,0.0006835787,0.0003957206,0.0003327798,0.0004645829,0.0002624855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007779819,0.00009279314,0.0009345563,0.00001197004,0.00001630322,0.0001238552,0.0007297514,0.003600607,0.96064,0.004239866,0.006514644,0.02301789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007263881,0.0003376477,0.004132831,0.0003262004,0.00009372166,0.0007372733,0.007317301,0.002353672,0.5979034,0.003196763,0.3824988,0.0003759883],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9319956,0.0001253913,0.0008526326,0.02283316,0.003690736,0.0002856446,0.00000157674,0.0000467497,0.04016845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981905,0.0002755232,0.0001475093,0.003108297,0.0001326889,0.00001203503,5.677677e-8,0.00001165684,0.01440724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3759842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920557","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5290","title":"Stress, Social Anxiety, and Problematic Social Media Use: The Role of Coping Styles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Coping (psychology); Social anxiety; Anxiety; Social stress; Social psychology; Social media; Stress (linguistics); Clinical psychology; Developmental psychology; Political science; Psychiatry","authors":[{"name":"Lina Alzamel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Holly Shannon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Synthia Guimond","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim Hellemans","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01714631809767656,"gpt":0.2971189099389781,"spread":0.2799725918413015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002300218,0.0001333314,0.0003394712,0.0003480058,0.001968909,0.0003004987,0.0009768093,0.000133321,0.000007300544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001228813,0.00009712165,0.0001156341,0.001291474,0.006790665,0.0007558785,0.0001874301,0.0003886857,7.362383e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002334057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001233422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001362534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002391722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975765,0.0001951202,0.000518596,0.0001684171,0.001096245,0.0004450917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983047,0.0002433079,0.0006901192,0.0001148885,0.0005511523,0.00009585232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001318285,0.0004371945,0.1888787,0.0002572535,0.0002996527,0.00001458094,0.07475394,0.00002586952,0.04959961,0.5685894,0.01804556,0.09896649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002765902,0.0001645228,0.2519038,0.001304457,0.0004319027,0.00004690283,0.2167135,0.000138227,0.02440713,0.4914133,0.0100216,0.0006887236],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9450345,0.00075358,0.0001118048,0.04763646,0.0006178136,0.0002925275,0.00001035937,0.00003638219,0.005506545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988803,0.0004724473,0.0002269047,0.0001725259,0.0001452053,0.000001203138,2.483135e-7,0.000006318429,0.00009490643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1419596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699307","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5123","title":"Inter-Rater Variability in Nocifensive Behaviour Testing of Rodents","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Emma-Lee Procher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elaine Marshall","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emma Bondar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annemarie Dedek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael E. Hildebrand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05117438988620564,"gpt":0.3535676230006059,"spread":0.3023932331144003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002042454,0.0001675603,0.0004418078,0.0005644922,0.0001647535,0.00004864248,0.0005377294,0.00005807052,0.00002094606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00136983,0.0001347501,0.0001350722,0.001284252,0.0009977646,0.0004491695,0.0002846973,0.0003364272,0.000003019258],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003074459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003627164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001781356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001119041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979383,0.0001414951,0.0008494585,0.0002685426,0.0004683399,0.000333812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978452,0.0002692836,0.0004379295,0.0002236781,0.001136607,0.00008731318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001401579,0.0001659607,0.8855338,0.00003920074,0.00002009271,0.0001197625,0.0006380045,0.00001501883,0.110276,0.0004624484,0.0002504017,0.002339212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006301118,0.0006230325,0.9872763,0.0003527631,0.00008627621,0.0001257456,0.001934977,0.00007196289,0.005889687,0.002821918,0.00004236159,0.0001448828],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923462,0.00007780625,0.0004666858,0.0009264061,0.0007531972,0.0001146817,0.000005491656,0.000007871807,0.00530171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990011,0.00001691733,0.0007506459,0.00008021916,0.00003213595,0.000002119911,2.695216e-7,0.000007249334,0.0001093819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1043863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5494949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404025140","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i1.4927","title":"Exploring School Absenteeism: Reasons Why, Mental Health Profiles, and Parental Involvement Perspectives","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Youth Substance Use and School Attendance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Absenteeism; Mental health; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Environmental health; Medicine; Psychiatry; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"A Darby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amanda Krause","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maria Rogers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07550332999400292,"gpt":0.3267695502227976,"spread":0.2512662202287947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002753172,0.000180251,0.0002886835,0.0004641177,0.001424618,0.0007073357,0.000464263,0.00003370405,0.00003723046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001637073,0.0001504048,0.0001266546,0.001177043,0.001726622,0.00291748,0.00008617314,0.0004253436,0.0000114294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001256691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002157503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005701815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003851595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970744,0.0001471566,0.0004730024,0.0004022767,0.001271866,0.0006313307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985124,0.00005895512,0.0002514713,0.0001392062,0.0002814035,0.0007565345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001522465,0.0004259092,0.07505032,0.0002819296,0.0003312994,0.000286898,0.4694223,0.00004951698,0.01189016,0.2848604,0.1089063,0.04834276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001116799,0.000708281,0.02266315,0.002847387,0.00006618048,0.0002087794,0.8316876,0.0001503832,0.0009760454,0.01375744,0.1250358,0.0007820803],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8760908,0.0251135,0.0002115698,0.09160231,0.002822066,0.0003710092,0.00002000867,0.00008568796,0.003683107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9759645,0.02184892,0.000853323,0.0003734796,0.0005608373,0.000007449112,0.000001034536,0.00001472464,0.0003756951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3622653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699319","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5094","title":"Hue/Vowel Coupling?: Testing Hue With Vowels in Pseudowords","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Hue; Vowel; Psychology; Audiology; Speech recognition; Mathematics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"David M. Sidhu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0289912932308845,"gpt":0.3522574965654929,"spread":0.3232662033346084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002573548,0.0001852924,0.0003825797,0.00131473,0.0002808517,0.0001302655,0.0009978759,0.0001127616,0.0000737303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004217766,0.0001427807,0.0000658287,0.003441441,0.001705351,0.0002412414,0.0001301157,0.0008860969,0.00002252786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002296161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001354091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002448992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001982385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975674,0.00007489299,0.0006101814,0.0003745808,0.0006365549,0.0007364094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997984,0.0003957486,0.0003202062,0.0003628327,0.0007234935,0.0002137323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00158067,0.001559053,0.7403371,0.0001357179,0.0004854549,0.002885242,0.01353666,0.009844248,0.150785,0.02080751,0.04102118,0.01702209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00589193,0.002070405,0.9295132,0.0008631849,0.00008843965,0.0011539,0.00409337,0.003724909,0.007598602,0.04240457,0.001970955,0.0006265572],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9672801,0.0004282611,0.0008052766,0.006063753,0.00125582,0.0001535495,0.000001927262,0.00001486958,0.02399645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967286,0.00006326011,0.0008996496,0.0004414074,0.00009558746,0.000005314285,3.21547e-7,0.00001349835,0.001752362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.189176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6283438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989595","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5409","title":"Testing the Benefits of Rat Tickling on a Rodent Model of Persistent Inflammatory Pain","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Nociception; Biopsychosocial model; Analgesic; Pain sensation; Somatosensory system; Animal testing; Rodent; Sensation; Pain assessment","authors":[{"name":"Emma Bondar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Krystal L. A. Walker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Annemarie Dedek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael E. Hildebrand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02312627559345541,"gpt":0.2426186534730178,"spread":0.2194923778795623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002335164,0.0001052101,0.0001870685,0.0001611617,0.0001545669,0.0000268837,0.0004510144,0.00005101301,0.000001633834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005767375,0.00007054122,0.0002211052,0.0003039233,0.0003347889,0.00001074681,0.00009044538,0.0001237056,1.351745e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004197772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005151656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004041511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001409001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987032,0.00006876421,0.0004638663,0.0001579581,0.0004242093,0.0001819698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986236,0.00007104534,0.0004368695,0.0002024084,0.0006044706,0.00006160996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002798418,0.00002318424,0.0002599697,0.0000210777,0.00002644689,4.137298e-7,0.0000948588,0.2072015,0.7888194,0.001289507,0.00009002312,0.002145692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003527924,0.0005788905,0.0001120049,0.0003679245,0.00005659201,0.00000959724,0.001051777,0.05067015,0.9454911,0.001111032,0.0001022275,0.00009593712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917774,0.0008641109,0.006007382,0.0004539558,0.000333778,0.00008118883,0.000001216261,0.000001616064,0.0004793539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983668,0.0001132082,0.001185186,0.0001602097,0.00005576409,0.000001026114,3.96262e-7,0.000006019975,0.0001113647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1566717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2876587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414989677","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i3.5408","title":"Creating an Undergraduate Student Handbook for Scientific Journal Publication","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Infographic; Publishing; Undergraduate research; Scientific literacy; Undergraduate education; Scientific writing; Undergraduate student","authors":[{"name":"K. Lucas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02852901349709438,"gpt":0.3829251062352908,"spread":0.3543960927381964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009328186,0.000153475,0.0002551541,0.001328934,0.005655075,0.004190118,0.001307178,0.00008429241,0.00003428216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002580758,0.0001369115,0.0001520925,0.003310896,0.002202738,0.003386497,0.00005290883,0.0002933779,0.000005722542],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001226114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009499558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003328815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002058715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963316,0.0002927638,0.0008614855,0.0003335598,0.001643282,0.0005373312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908908,0.0002179444,0.00099831,0.000281015,0.007160123,0.0004517871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001295913,0.001010474,0.008613861,0.00004480173,0.0001386572,0.000006121228,0.04919016,0.0007798009,0.02965452,0.6988258,0.1576979,0.05390827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002831013,0.0006948755,0.005182992,0.0005026503,0.0002446983,0.0000566579,0.136072,0.001085592,0.00868118,0.2797402,0.5642728,0.0006353652],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5869749,0.002554617,0.08631994,0.2053164,0.03496692,0.001823226,0.00001225237,0.0001422603,0.08188955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9751586,0.0002604779,0.005084716,0.0006272061,0.0008652323,0.00001361906,0.00000387198,0.00001121182,0.01797501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4190856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413680589","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v4i1.4998","title":"The Cost of Loneliness in the Pursuit of Neoliberalism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Neoliberalism (international relations); Loneliness; Sociology; Psychology; Political science; Political economy; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Khalid Abdulle","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02651164361905497,"gpt":0.2604715562717611,"spread":0.2339599126527061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004689759,0.0001236149,0.0004595817,0.000587807,0.0002556868,0.0001289554,0.001680538,0.00005788865,0.00000663388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001393248,0.00008129719,0.0001780857,0.001868282,0.001671835,0.0003271929,0.00009314971,0.0002683248,0.000003332332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001033674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003057435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002409323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005357488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979534,0.00004625281,0.001246824,0.0001846381,0.0002460309,0.0003228358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979542,0.0002530937,0.001187515,0.0003236405,0.0002395663,0.00004200541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005157293,0.0001260275,0.00587339,0.00004049384,0.00003655648,0.00001196598,0.00177092,0.001368383,0.0008676758,0.9791046,0.006538155,0.00421023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004340515,0.0005713702,0.09642655,0.0006783425,0.00006355061,0.0001548181,0.002952961,0.002817657,0.008768823,0.5114248,0.3712086,0.0005919685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8923318,0.007276212,0.00255426,0.03801476,0.002328754,0.0003355098,0.00002356803,0.00000554739,0.0571296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960463,0.002151551,0.0001895277,0.000876271,0.00006788351,0.00000274668,2.880151e-7,0.000006847019,0.0006585527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4676798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6159946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401989477","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v1i1.4096","title":"The Development and Significance of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Reinnervation; Amputation; Feeling; Medicine; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Anatomy; Surgery; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Samantha Dugan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02976774657280608,"gpt":0.2635776912475983,"spread":0.2338099446747922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00105504,0.00009722632,0.0001225916,0.0002542623,0.0003897886,0.0002226774,0.0004554436,0.00001806707,0.000001322754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006662594,0.00005989023,0.00004401117,0.001404743,0.00109833,0.0007990199,0.00006426865,0.0001937192,0.0000017809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006472471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004077889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.058661e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983297,0.00003415099,0.0004267192,0.0002296486,0.000723919,0.0002558711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991628,0.0003255687,0.0001731767,0.0001183397,0.0001085873,0.0001115631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004635645,0.000005981081,0.00001268418,0.00001647077,0.000001091285,0.000018781,0.000254848,0.0001501877,0.9739917,0.00691703,0.0000787622,0.01854781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007935723,0.00009275254,0.0007346364,0.00007378964,0.000004884358,0.00007714313,0.0001324467,0.004020751,0.9798675,0.001650292,0.01318654,0.00007987837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942611,0.0004367674,0.001093897,0.002360096,0.001351529,0.00008625046,7.751577e-7,0.00002147254,0.0003880493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989509,0.0003586692,0.0002889408,0.00009483567,0.00004500378,0.000001538162,2.966195e-8,0.000007488576,0.0002525944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01846793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4046841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699306","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5105","title":"Reflective and Active Learning on Education in Canada Today","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Reflective Practices in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Emma Davis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricia Kmiec","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01226784728499347,"gpt":0.3667857558704846,"spread":0.3545179085854911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001925085,0.00008797375,0.000158763,0.0006684197,0.0006390604,0.0001277371,0.0003104584,0.0000372012,0.000008790122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003141338,0.00008196332,0.00002465799,0.001713965,0.000652019,0.001022806,0.00003262813,0.0005026583,8.932071e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005900054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0411346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4051132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5603222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982025,0.0003716648,0.000275671,0.0002071785,0.0006741247,0.0002688875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981889,0.0005195879,0.0004019638,0.00008466735,0.0006701401,0.0001347516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003050065,0.0003292004,0.1429239,0.00002502194,0.00006045562,0.00001630859,0.03468154,0.00148176,0.008344668,0.146014,0.003622978,0.6621951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00105047,0.0004280299,0.4019863,0.0006870651,0.00006976096,0.00002825896,0.3196907,0.0001596926,0.01191877,0.1801533,0.08335646,0.0004711415],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7652965,0.0001665249,0.00005436865,0.01511958,0.002001172,0.0001243873,1.935807e-7,0.000003853743,0.2172335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971973,0.0004920274,0.000437746,0.0004956937,0.0001090553,0.000003125373,1.378477e-7,0.000003806154,0.001261053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.661724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414402505","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5323","title":"Substance Use and Long-Haul Truckers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Substance use; Harm; Truck; Work (physics); Addiction; Stigma (botany); Substance abuse","authors":[{"name":"Rachael Goenaga","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shawna Meister","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sarah McIlwaine","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Weekes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02135498510630778,"gpt":0.2928501264852555,"spread":0.2714951413789478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001220931,0.00007233377,0.000137443,0.0003787733,0.0006841219,0.0002885614,0.0002541571,0.00004438487,0.00000772653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003273488,0.00006448269,0.0000451815,0.001248057,0.001505079,0.001300143,0.000006086033,0.0001353107,9.128289e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000120402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000731356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001119674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004111516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987339,0.00005993566,0.0002880618,0.0001422581,0.0005495013,0.0002263062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988435,0.0001351834,0.0002172833,0.00007843228,0.0005653818,0.0001602568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001555007,0.0001046855,0.7302461,0.00004222024,0.00007939942,0.0001109182,0.02690667,0.00862155,0.002722168,0.2087677,0.01093809,0.01130503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002989307,0.0002471397,0.8812634,0.0007516239,0.0002400258,0.00004789297,0.02721702,0.001081349,0.002831129,0.03433249,0.04828363,0.0007150191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730716,0.0004573318,0.01214784,0.009105113,0.001047308,0.00008438713,0.000001753916,0.00002435994,0.004060322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954202,0.0008439865,0.001703839,0.0002979298,0.00004144249,4.321932e-7,5.421289e-7,0.000003162162,0.001688528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1744352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5545525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920622","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5297","title":"Cannabis, Mental Health and Suicidality: Understanding the Relationship in a University Student Population","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute; University of Calgary; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cannabis; Mental health; Psychology; Psychiatry; Population; Clinical psychology; Medicine; Environmental health","authors":[{"name":"Hannah Lee Poy-Paxman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Isabella Hotston","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keira C M Aubin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim Hellemans","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0409524157333084,"gpt":0.3486596600273298,"spread":0.3077072442940214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002136199,0.00007582633,0.000200432,0.0007030762,0.0005456625,0.00007542832,0.0001700422,0.00002971451,0.000002925292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002175173,0.00005362165,0.00005692913,0.001456045,0.0006263723,0.0002336428,0.00008072472,0.0003385212,1.947988e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002424805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001764375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005006408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003729161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998526,0.0001175411,0.0003038642,0.0001518147,0.0006511355,0.0002495861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993289,0.00002816446,0.0001618269,0.000126262,0.0001467358,0.0002081017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002351178,0.0001034272,0.9034988,0.00007628078,0.00003070136,0.00003367421,0.003090855,0.00006081813,0.0005721953,0.07276858,0.01786496,0.001664594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001508651,0.0002697216,0.9573321,0.000280893,0.00001919038,0.0001051715,0.03044448,0.0001904412,0.0000281437,0.006662802,0.003095817,0.00006254727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7495467,0.0005990803,0.0002879126,0.2484411,0.0001961221,0.0002270554,0.000001411441,0.000003956182,0.0006966373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967728,0.0002642784,0.00003341086,0.0005574624,0.00002236741,3.66821e-7,0.000001279884,0.000003280434,0.002344719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2478836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.634078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414402525","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5351","title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Recidivism in Justice-Impacted Youth: Considering Gender Differences and the Mediating Effects of Mental Health","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Mental health; Recidivism; Suicide prevention; Occupational safety and health; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Poison control; Medical diagnosis; Injury prevention","authors":[{"name":"Olivia Sebastian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ellen Coady","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelley L. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tracey A. Skilling","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02328287679667141,"gpt":0.3185941421539787,"spread":0.2953112653573073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00401248,0.0001663377,0.0005042486,0.0004709432,0.001155372,0.0001624652,0.000448377,0.00006598992,0.000002609618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004464928,0.0001128523,0.00007373207,0.001227981,0.004661477,0.0006577523,0.0001095449,0.0003416226,1.004562e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002436722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001427026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001037834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002318794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971678,0.0005537914,0.0006464941,0.0002417744,0.0008989362,0.0004911683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997293,0.001355131,0.0008165732,0.0001125843,0.0001493205,0.0002734157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006487462,0.00006230909,0.0495076,0.00007449018,0.00004768704,0.000003580107,0.9417971,0.000005236962,0.0008311534,0.003802107,0.0000612372,0.00374267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003022444,0.0001541051,0.1549502,0.000866939,0.00007930001,0.00001009461,0.8328463,0.00005496537,0.0005992955,0.007208571,0.0000230584,0.0001847312],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892966,0.0018491,0.00005565464,0.005525863,0.001997085,0.0003238653,0.000003712805,0.00001189158,0.0009362132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973187,0.002142967,0.000163767,0.0002690742,0.00008669799,0.000002188517,1.962562e-7,0.000005277237,0.00001106854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1089507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400725238","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v2i1.4516","title":"Neuroscientist Spotlight: Dr. Mark Gold","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Neurology and Historical Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscientist; Art; Psychology; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Sophie Landry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02889545444264693,"gpt":0.280437834543945,"spread":0.251542380101298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009966274,0.0002063338,0.0003060476,0.0007172974,0.0006943169,0.0004011512,0.00102032,0.00005457209,0.00003362714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001078834,0.0001514813,0.0002188275,0.002534119,0.003249119,0.000954239,0.0001982474,0.0006139051,0.0001400473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002273735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003748743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003878032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000200213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970487,0.0001150162,0.0005245518,0.0005734883,0.001165142,0.0005731066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986955,0.0003808236,0.0002113444,0.0002351777,0.0001591938,0.0003179935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005215601,0.0000990074,0.0001843436,0.00003521318,0.000008792137,0.002131768,0.0003231651,0.00005271187,0.8558549,0.05389844,0.08354892,0.003810639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004412616,0.000778341,0.001492022,0.0001049884,0.00007627546,0.002968674,0.00006935856,0.0005639706,0.1582817,0.02677535,0.8080412,0.0004068355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7750344,0.004670037,0.001292358,0.08414778,0.05286539,0.0003607317,0.00002025964,0.0003438586,0.08126514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989693,0.0007341988,0.00006072676,0.001497422,0.0003457225,0.000001618057,5.813248e-8,0.00001906563,0.007648144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7244923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920650","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5298","title":"Working Memory Dysfunction: An fMRI Analysis in Schizophrenia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming); Working memory; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Neuroscience; Psychiatry; Cognition","authors":[{"name":"Jana Marguerite Bennett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rami Hamati","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zacharie Saint-Georges","is_ca":true},{"name":"Synthia Guimond","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauri Tuominen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02865209766501451,"gpt":0.3172980606536497,"spread":0.2886459629886352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002326001,0.0001485846,0.0003793504,0.002268205,0.0002899558,0.0001577231,0.0005029097,0.00006211019,0.0002223983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003732014,0.0001306222,0.0002036698,0.006126264,0.0007424423,0.0004681261,0.00007851377,0.000431067,0.000007553075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002645051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000428312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001542051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002552187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979486,0.0001701776,0.0006523273,0.0003605399,0.0004566314,0.0004117388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984359,0.000300747,0.0003435866,0.0003037092,0.0004588461,0.0001571904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008658672,0.0007636558,0.5603262,0.00003127621,0.001148778,0.0005171856,0.005291198,0.004454786,0.006388215,0.04937258,0.002143606,0.3686967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005355032,0.0007465843,0.8940976,0.0004569844,0.001173982,0.0002016358,0.03838256,0.002789352,0.001071747,0.05267486,0.002382753,0.000666906],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9460896,0.0005570165,0.002327276,0.002189928,0.002553696,0.00008307942,6.438785e-7,0.00001962842,0.04617914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976049,0.00001887859,0.0005555513,0.0003280507,0.00018299,0.000002782795,7.435611e-7,0.00000688187,0.001299236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3680298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.532662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920620","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5289","title":"Measurement of Age-Dependent Z-Scores for Cerebellar Tonsil Position in Pediatric Controls Compared to Children with Chiari Type 1 Malformation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Spinal Dysraphism and Malformations","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Chiari malformation; Medicine; Tonsil; Chiari I malformation; Position (finance); Pediatrics; Radiology; Surgery; Magnetic resonance imaging; Syringomyelia","authors":[{"name":"Savannah Seabrooke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nishard Abdeen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0169781793251043,"gpt":0.2755160771958352,"spread":0.2585378978707308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001091531,0.0001158612,0.0003437232,0.001230785,0.0001243289,0.00004147695,0.0001915837,0.00003756069,0.000002675069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001902949,0.00008623357,0.00007616021,0.001337673,0.0001468403,0.0003650745,0.00002675346,0.0001348555,0.000001264314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003055999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008969532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003400103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000538747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981861,0.00002339145,0.0006088463,0.0001302351,0.0008275946,0.0002238999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998051,0.00002225484,0.0003507321,0.0001517696,0.001287293,0.000136928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01159356,0.002266614,0.6024696,0.001412667,0.0007623174,0.00006126991,0.003387603,0.02989027,0.3075246,0.01955775,0.01116541,0.009908377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006792213,0.002349941,0.9685339,0.0006865193,0.0005105053,0.0001631498,0.0004791587,0.0006513415,0.01828677,0.001246112,0.0001234285,0.0001770074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837347,0.0003281954,0.0101766,0.003873593,0.000294386,0.000839737,0.000006089151,0.00000844722,0.0007382756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976003,0.0001274277,0.001869484,0.0002962308,0.00005729877,0.000007543585,0.000005109182,0.000005663067,0.0000310025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3660643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3516503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699301","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5098","title":"Recreation & Physical Activity Accessibility in the Canadian Context","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"","keywords":"Recreation; Context (archaeology); Geography; Ecology; Biology; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Maimonah R. Al-Dulaimi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francine Darroch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06647448714482751,"gpt":0.4335075715997874,"spread":0.3670330844549599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003643166,0.0001137105,0.0002970997,0.0004121908,0.001839346,0.00009453423,0.0006886435,0.00009806321,0.00001641652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009824948,0.00007488141,0.0001032399,0.00111577,0.000782499,0.0006075453,0.00005284066,0.0009547855,0.00001169982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001424521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005543748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06655722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4153408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977358,0.0006417062,0.0003633219,0.0001980636,0.0005938358,0.0004672795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980406,0.0005068534,0.0003542976,0.0002549924,0.0006554252,0.0001878137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000220175,0.0005381684,0.5105532,0.0002259984,0.00008457289,0.00005836546,0.312144,0.00004483516,0.005224949,0.0521309,0.02890645,0.08986837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001370411,0.0001026198,0.7600696,0.0006096562,0.00007779263,0.000005506774,0.1024937,0.0002213953,0.0005905958,0.1051812,0.02900094,0.0002766133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9501942,0.0000929873,0.0002113012,0.01788449,0.001039807,0.0002905268,0.000002450488,0.000008071214,0.0302762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961827,0.00004499638,0.00003658827,0.002530436,0.0002381231,0.000007413377,7.385584e-7,0.000004388854,0.000954572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3487835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409699340","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v3i2.5125","title":"Revitalizing ENGL 2302 in Response to ChatGPT and Pandemic-Era Disruptions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Political science; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Georgia Son","is_ca":true},{"name":"Morgan Rooney","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02707640281122453,"gpt":0.3564681323939753,"spread":0.3293917295827508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003537582,0.0001519303,0.0004149303,0.001822119,0.0002116193,0.000124222,0.0002586201,0.00006146073,0.000007270189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004043931,0.0001282112,0.00009526893,0.002402117,0.000549617,0.0003740818,0.0001370661,0.0004160446,0.000004114602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008055993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001634973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003616821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002798594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980291,0.0001177622,0.0005872261,0.0003120454,0.0005836992,0.0003701753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981856,0.0005971363,0.0001826313,0.0002778231,0.000398745,0.0003580973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002033488,0.0004693461,0.1608024,0.0002958104,0.00008909537,0.0006839956,0.005767715,0.0007282534,0.7738007,0.002747957,0.01992172,0.0326595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008721708,0.002020215,0.7509518,0.0107192,0.0004151752,0.001525775,0.004514765,0.001081449,0.01384176,0.007860354,0.1975842,0.0007636226],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8202191,0.0007974103,0.0004615206,0.177651,0.0004405252,0.0002035682,0.000001471509,0.00001711542,0.0002082798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863966,0.0006780426,0.00123677,0.01109084,0.00007941038,0.000004684872,2.648406e-7,0.00001031475,0.0005030829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7599589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5228301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413920594","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5322","title":"Adaptation of Icelandic Model for Prevention of Adolescent Substance Use in New Brunswick","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Icelandic; Adaptation (eye); Substance use; Psychology; Geography; Clinical psychology","authors":[{"name":"Zac Arseneau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amanda Bellefeuille","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tanya Halsall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0640098575352366,"gpt":0.3198353500769703,"spread":0.2558254925417338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004885059,0.0001022937,0.0003919038,0.0006512652,0.00003732755,0.00001154159,0.0001430918,0.00004339247,0.000002051095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001610868,0.00007994264,0.0001729024,0.0008612215,0.0002231456,0.0004477563,0.000008620907,0.0001007393,1.896083e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002507624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002374639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005729169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00124277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985731,0.00001831562,0.0006503413,0.0001392414,0.0004384886,0.0001805106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998671,0.00009019423,0.0005274438,0.0001471949,0.0004768443,0.00008731656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002893128,0.0008816778,0.8882193,0.0003604457,0.0001693884,0.00001947402,0.004656521,0.02537751,0.0458025,0.01113867,0.001143943,0.01933742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03713421,0.002030804,0.609546,0.009353373,0.001126117,0.00005576709,0.006548258,0.1691511,0.1328405,0.03161277,0.0001770139,0.0004240965],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.940863,0.001086585,0.05667003,0.0007961232,0.0002038742,0.0003117692,5.659244e-7,0.000003927779,0.00006415074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911248,0.0006568817,0.006402487,0.00006402491,0.00002043962,9.143899e-7,0.00000152182,0.000005926388,0.001722983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2786733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4212508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414384797","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5352","title":"Gender, Trauma, and the Use of Trauma, Diversity and Inclusivity Principles During Probation and Parole Supervision","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Economic Justice; Diversity (politics); Christian ministry; Criminal justice; Set (abstract data type); Focus group","authors":[{"name":"Sohaila Abdelhadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Victoria Di Virgilio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rebecca Wieler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ellen Coady","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelley L. Brown","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07081614054715148,"gpt":0.3084206578718445,"spread":0.2376045173246931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00218853,0.0001154089,0.0002639967,0.000277135,0.001256443,0.0001299477,0.0002178261,0.00006085714,0.000006891524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002516141,0.0000762159,0.00005531273,0.0003716415,0.001213308,0.0008818962,0.0005376532,0.0002387924,1.802047e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003598959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006841907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003240733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005099347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998556,0.0002018592,0.0003908072,0.0002421109,0.0004251764,0.0001840282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987007,0.0004375302,0.0003029051,0.0001817514,0.0002812815,0.00009577767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005075612,0.0007313369,0.3147931,0.0006193879,0.0004867835,0.00008309313,0.1265209,0.0009769073,0.02515857,0.03249954,0.000577848,0.492477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008212611,0.000418402,0.9562923,0.000326527,0.0003666407,0.0004013919,0.007976921,0.006588975,0.00208917,0.01306226,0.003965014,0.0002998332],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992563,0.003262773,0.0003569192,0.003042375,0.0003057779,0.0001678129,0.00000201278,0.000005576107,0.000293759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964123,0.002975936,0.0003350137,0.00009824937,0.00002371617,7.725978e-7,2.011305e-7,0.000003875578,0.0001498803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6414992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9663671,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400725045","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v1i1.3353","title":"It’s getting heated: how climate change affects human behaviour-effects on aggression","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Aggression; Climate change; Psychology; Environmental science; Social psychology; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Aisha Abass","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06032861551104722,"gpt":0.3670824916136452,"spread":0.306753876102598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002781071,0.0002994807,0.0004219198,0.001105758,0.0009263279,0.0002143584,0.0005926452,0.0001952018,0.0000568328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002464813,0.0002252934,0.0002292221,0.001688656,0.0005090547,0.0004984317,0.0001016008,0.0007676317,0.0002179967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002130346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004485198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002466357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004699191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966016,0.0003654265,0.0004244556,0.0005475191,0.001077748,0.000983182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979184,0.0003364542,0.0007414064,0.0003941329,0.0001862739,0.0004233358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004490436,0.0007810161,0.1396762,0.0002002114,0.0001810675,0.004434036,0.009893047,0.0001244271,0.3626226,0.01048948,0.204691,0.2664578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005096773,0.006151512,0.9320138,0.004664274,0.0002099065,0.0009443318,0.003905875,0.0001349758,0.0321629,0.007307132,0.006146277,0.001262323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598126,0.0001973421,0.00003273756,0.02364311,0.006663618,0.0003038055,0.000004018355,0.0001634987,0.009179278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963876,0.0003928058,0.00005210122,0.001625818,0.0009678592,0.00001927279,0.00000408586,0.00003357037,0.0005169106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7923375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9187199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}