{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":222,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":222,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"6ff161ffb2ee","filters":{"venue":"Climate of the past"}},"results":[{"id":"W3163629062","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021","title":"The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":331,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Sorbonne Université; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Natural Environment Research Council; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Climatology; Precipitation; Last Glacial Maximum; Paleoclimatology; Environmental science; Climate model; Coupled model intercomparison project; General Circulation Model; Glacial period; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Masa Kageyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandy P. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐Luise Kapsch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcus Löfverström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan M. Lora","is_ca":false},{"name":"Uwe Mikolajewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sam Sherriff‐Tadano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tristan Vadsaria","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathaëlle Bouttes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Gregoire","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruza Ivanovic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenji Izumi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanny Lhardy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polina Morozova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rumi Ohgaito","is_ca":false},{"name":"André Paul","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher J. Poulsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aurélien Quiquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Didier M. Roche","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoxu Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica E. Tierney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Valdes","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Volodin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiang Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02587220691891953,"gpt":0.2776254075643682,"spread":0.2517532006454487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00329185,0.001452557,0.0008107461,0.0008029148,0.000790529,0.0008993589,0.001552843,0.001248958,0.00185962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004868641,0.0004215124,0.001115117,0.001503068,0.0006405593,0.001180311,0.0008587276,0.001087179,0.0004129487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001062473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000779274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01611811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991419,0.0003729831,0.00005383241,0.0001535795,0.0001362218,0.0001414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973357,0.001205652,0.0001921711,0.000517502,0.0005258878,0.0002231546],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002105586,0.001036399,0.06531954,0.0004419977,0.001128222,0.0005164373,0.0001721253,0.8813331,0.006071824,0.002102657,0.0199431,0.01982906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001588044,0.0006170643,0.07830653,0.00007320048,0.0003667726,0.00009820281,0.0002577815,0.8950018,0.0139294,0.002648873,0.00695086,0.0001614533],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9714748,0.0004094939,0.002537711,0.0009279715,0.0001976033,0.0001029738,0.0158438,0.001344263,0.007161435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741982,0.0002230957,0.006632593,0.0002203719,0.00008549566,0.000237332,0.01742851,0.0003539119,0.0006205557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.030473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06059122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2306905182","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-1519-2016","title":"The PRISM4 (mid-Piacenzian) paleoenvironmental reconstruction","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":305,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Glacial period; Palaeogeography; Climatology; Physical geography; Paleontology; Geography; Tectonics","authors":[{"name":"Harry J. Dowsett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aisling M. Dolan","is_ca":false},{"name":"David B. Rowley","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Moucha","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. M. Forte","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. X. Mitrovica","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew J. Pound","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Salzmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marci M. Robinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Chandler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin M. Foley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01140918601104305,"gpt":0.2119350236488702,"spread":0.2005258376378272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001202796,0.0007368297,0.0004667055,0.002128416,0.0007302233,0.001912489,0.001370957,0.0005925425,0.0128102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002264587,0.0004308455,0.0007517808,0.002857943,0.0005535394,0.0005915533,0.00160339,0.001082658,0.003724969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002091991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003103991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1019031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07024031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996052,0.00006429999,0.00002627326,0.0001198466,0.0001150803,0.00006931283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996504,0.00001959843,0.0000398489,0.0001146548,0.0001556162,0.00001989213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003254335,0.0002059103,0.1319501,0.001351178,0.001827974,0.001743573,0.001906331,0.2364715,0.01979993,0.07406896,0.08758216,0.4398381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005587991,0.0001153825,0.2585748,0.0005260454,0.0003223092,0.00105732,0.0006594399,0.08107483,0.005874545,0.008023814,0.6430672,0.0001454688],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.482365,0.005682723,0.1112738,0.002650155,0.0006771539,0.0004975377,0.1844325,0.006666234,0.2057549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.790673,0.001448122,0.08606739,0.0001648279,0.00005719752,0.0003176642,0.1091841,0.001069599,0.01101803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1019031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171575383","doi":"10.5194/cp-10-221-2014","title":"Using palaeo-climate comparisons to constrain future projections in CMIP5","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":282,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact; McGill University","funders":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; Ministry of Environment; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Climatology; Hindcast; Climate model; Climate change; Last Glacial Maximum; Precipitation; Forcing (mathematics); Environmental science; Holocene; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Gavin A. Schmidt","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. D. Annan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick J. Bartlein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin I. Cook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éric Guilyardi","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. C. Hargreaves","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandy P. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masa Kageyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bronwen Konecky","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Lovejoy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Mann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valérie Masson‐Delmotte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Risi","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. M. Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Axel Timmermann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruno Tremblay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pascal Yiou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03810934844442766,"gpt":0.288315373675682,"spread":0.2502060252312543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005988826,0.00082323,0.0003087175,0.001174632,0.000566627,0.001599539,0.0008631496,0.0007093056,0.003268206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009319174,0.0003098781,0.0007266783,0.001911078,0.0002537862,0.00194215,0.001218088,0.0009397159,0.0002919337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001215654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001115701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01970964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01886608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992285,0.0003833253,0.00005341139,0.0001492306,0.0001398166,0.00004579397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983788,0.0006269619,0.000281598,0.0002519613,0.0003463929,0.0001143527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003186933,0.00009022723,0.09072164,0.000169192,0.0008716127,0.0001104523,0.0002194738,0.8561996,0.001610458,0.01120905,0.003395557,0.03508401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001374121,0.0001995731,0.07738908,0.0002457934,0.0002981043,0.00005024724,0.0004257786,0.8868765,0.004815795,0.01651747,0.01292992,0.0001144538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9118477,0.001128798,0.04274873,0.002196598,0.0003015847,0.0001228109,0.01370441,0.0009739228,0.02697545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682232,0.000218684,0.02591,0.0001195847,0.00003697021,0.00008684592,0.004944949,0.0001313606,0.0003284375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01970964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03918988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136016037","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-2713-2013","title":"A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":266,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Natural Resources Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Korea Polar Research Institute; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; National Institute of Polar Research; Office of Polar Programs; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geology; Ice core; Eemian; Firn; Stadial; Chronology; Tephra; Glacier; Volcano; Glacial period; Climatology; Paleontology; Interglacial","authors":[{"name":"Sune Olander Rasmussen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter M Abbott","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Blunier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna J. Bourne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward J. Brook","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. L. Buchardt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christo Buizert","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Chappellaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrik Clausen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eliza Cook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siwan M. Davies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mathieu Guillevic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sepp Kipfstuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Laepple","is_ca":false},{"name":"Inger K Seierstad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey P. Severinghaus","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. P. Steffensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Stowasser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders Svensson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Vallelonga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bo Vinther","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Wilhelms","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mai Winstrup","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02937252762521529,"gpt":0.2422033402808354,"spread":0.2128308126556201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003776361,0.0004167346,0.0001566634,0.002110055,0.0003208273,0.0003437005,0.0002642378,0.0001578668,0.003024746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000524202,0.0001472302,0.000211255,0.001056763,0.000178042,0.0003745888,0.0004230522,0.0002873029,0.000664176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001194974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001018386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03815619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1267443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999903,0.000008274695,0.00001390697,0.00003554101,0.00002376423,0.00001548516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999588,0.00001729895,0.00009595494,0.00006794387,0.0001976807,0.00003319179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005559306,0.0002101117,0.5843593,0.0008083634,0.0001819985,0.0006843149,0.0009497804,0.03524718,0.03151948,0.007436447,0.07977267,0.2582745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002814247,0.00006390929,0.8104389,0.0001786905,0.00002893958,0.0002219816,0.0001536906,0.00893741,0.005457893,0.0003606547,0.174105,0.00002477603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.757722,0.004516006,0.0272825,0.0002637695,0.0005519403,0.0007947816,0.1476274,0.0009600381,0.06028171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8040518,0.001314971,0.06141508,0.0002142455,0.0001239962,0.0007428101,0.1129463,0.0003746698,0.01881597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03815619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07586819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097629985","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020","title":"The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":257,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Leeds","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate sensitivity; Precipitation; Climate model; Sea surface temperature; Zonal and meridional; Proxy (statistics); Atmospheric sciences; Polar; Paleoclimatology; Climate change; Geology; Meteorology; Oceanography; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia C. Tindall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harry J. Dowsett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aisling M. Dolan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin M. Foley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Hill","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wing‐Le Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ning Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Contoux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilles Ramstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangyu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Youichi Kamae","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Chandler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda E. Sohl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ran Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna S. von der Heydt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michiel Baatsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Lunt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02593758573066006,"gpt":0.2788213510348296,"spread":0.2528837653041695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003657858,0.001238331,0.0008482675,0.0005060498,0.0005412953,0.001170438,0.001820238,0.001070015,0.003358311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003437073,0.0005857741,0.001142705,0.001450496,0.0003898454,0.001286943,0.001363105,0.001402544,0.0004626124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001136135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002191815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04062491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02518515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999339,0.0003472217,0.00002567009,0.0001195117,0.000111672,0.00005701282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989405,0.0002408598,0.0001545184,0.0002575941,0.0003057174,0.0001008032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000948207,0.0003239004,0.117656,0.0002811267,0.001704471,0.0002274972,0.0001489573,0.8075125,0.004399831,0.003550655,0.03749545,0.02575133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003423249,0.0004005152,0.1415623,0.0001148153,0.0004612608,0.00007314487,0.0001242503,0.7965877,0.0118435,0.00412401,0.0411243,0.0001608224],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8518693,0.001101474,0.02789681,0.004464252,0.0004285855,0.000638411,0.09359398,0.002649826,0.01735735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8830244,0.0004041353,0.026225,0.0006279594,0.0001830777,0.001387283,0.08499958,0.0008847152,0.002263908],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04062491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08077693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999235202","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020","title":"Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 <i>midHolocene</i> simulations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":241,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; European Research Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Holocene; Climatology; Precipitation; Northern Hemisphere; Environmental science; Climate model; Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Geology; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Chris Brierley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anni Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandy P. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascale Braconnot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles J. R. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Thornalley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoxu Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean-Yves Peterschmitt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rumi Ohgaito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darrell S. Kaufman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masa Kageyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. C. Hargreaves","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael P. Erb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julien Emile‐Geay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roberta D’Agostino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthieu Carré","is_ca":false},{"name":"Partrick J. Bartlein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weipeng Zheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hu Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Volodin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Tomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cody Routson","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polina Morozova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas P. McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jian Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. D. Annan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02818378368212817,"gpt":0.2674645587158955,"spread":0.2392807750337673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003121145,0.0009304353,0.0005195339,0.0004811445,0.0008484708,0.001228784,0.001625205,0.001457076,0.002023675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006617016,0.0004572409,0.0007547577,0.0007083289,0.0004932219,0.001132394,0.0009191254,0.00144196,0.0003711893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00099409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007943866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02421298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01663799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993869,0.000254383,0.00004741365,0.0001080279,0.0001097432,0.00009353337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978854,0.0009418945,0.0001426633,0.0003216903,0.0005038399,0.0002045966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006457201,0.0003662053,0.04062041,0.0001596241,0.0002967857,0.0003112098,0.000156215,0.9310572,0.004362474,0.003185259,0.00747773,0.01136121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002383244,0.0001466016,0.01686257,0.00003261507,0.00006250098,0.00003702969,0.00009808622,0.9751449,0.003685639,0.0008260006,0.002822691,0.0000431051],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692096,0.0003102369,0.006165872,0.001209457,0.0001858033,0.0001695124,0.007597606,0.00109652,0.01405536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886135,0.00007903108,0.006029824,0.0001507265,0.00003034039,0.0001164074,0.004447411,0.0001317703,0.0004010905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02421298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0481441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112049438","doi":"10.5194/cp-3-51-2007","title":"The modern and glacial overturning circulation in the Atlantic ocean in PMIP coupled model simulations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":233,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Victoria","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Climatology; North Atlantic Deep Water; Last Glacial Maximum; Geology; Ocean current; Antarctic Bottom Water; Ocean general circulation model; General Circulation Model; Oceanography; Climate model; Environmental science; Thermohaline circulation; Climate change; Holocene","authors":[{"name":"S. L. Weber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sybren Drijfhout","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michel Crucifix","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrey Ganopolski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shigenori Murakami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02219718667532239,"gpt":0.2609556672767804,"spread":0.238758480601458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008188445,0.0007719657,0.0004626922,0.0003851661,0.0005035254,0.0008551886,0.0008334995,0.001107528,0.001004098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002524366,0.0005449542,0.0008060866,0.0004847885,0.0005195792,0.0007378855,0.0005043814,0.0007594107,0.0001607687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001280294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006950297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04889305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02859062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999822,0.00007866326,0.00001084528,0.0000367148,0.0000171237,0.00003471578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991508,0.0004905185,0.00007456805,0.00006779657,0.0001124296,0.0001039086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003521068,0.0001055382,0.06306621,0.00005891404,0.0003079847,0.0001657726,0.00009623917,0.9299133,0.001532892,0.0007859488,0.001026584,0.002588489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001234925,0.0001207275,0.02398041,0.00001377894,0.00008084003,0.00002275223,0.0000722582,0.9741012,0.0007570489,0.0003845154,0.0003203258,0.00002260208],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976368,0.00006725697,0.0005680564,0.0001404097,0.00001867724,0.000007122715,0.0004632858,0.00005492077,0.001043429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988129,0.00005173269,0.0004195765,0.00003777434,0.000008371023,0.00001443336,0.0004537158,0.0000178067,0.0001837445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04889305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0972169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103004832","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013","title":"Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Natural Environment Research Council; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Earth system science; Climatology; Environmental science; Climate model; Geology; Coupled model intercomparison project; Earth science; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Michael Eby","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. J. Weaver","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Alexander","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kirsten Zickfeld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Cimatoribus","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Crespin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sybren Drijfhout","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil R. Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"А. В. Елисеев","is_ca":false},{"name":"Georg Feulner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thierry Fichefet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris E. Forest","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hugues Goosse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip B. Holden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fortunat Joos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Kawamiya","is_ca":false},{"name":"David W. Kicklighter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hendrik Kienert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katsumi Matsumoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"И. И. Мохов","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erwan Monier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steffen M. Olsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahé Perrette","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Philippon-Berthier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andy Ridgwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Analía Schlosser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Schneider von Deimling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gary Shaffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin S. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Renato Spahni","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. P. Sokolov","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Steinacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaoru Tachiiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Tokos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masakazu Yoshimori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Zeng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fang Zhao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05770473289279675,"gpt":0.3043956833585388,"spread":0.246690950465742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008022946,0.0005888689,0.0005295688,0.000544732,0.0005283082,0.0008192461,0.001153936,0.0008227731,0.0005857141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007419465,0.0003289996,0.0009985137,0.0006744707,0.0007551209,0.001686784,0.0006282464,0.000850564,0.00008127839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001274913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000520751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006140097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005712036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976211,0.001672591,0.0001476051,0.0002768541,0.0001724909,0.0001094457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929375,0.00417985,0.0006375979,0.001314485,0.0006802941,0.0002502477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003766546,0.002271142,0.06785975,0.0002396951,0.001221528,0.0001665305,0.000425216,0.8921543,0.009168026,0.007507592,0.002357865,0.01286176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00156424,0.004833216,0.08128694,0.00004826252,0.0005129927,0.00007577482,0.0003670971,0.8799328,0.01877376,0.008231741,0.004158347,0.0002148261],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99462,0.0001715523,0.003021773,0.0001048734,0.00005843846,0.00006577208,0.000859242,0.0000571743,0.001041226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923308,0.0001083296,0.005093997,0.00008280169,0.00002217054,0.000151844,0.002004907,0.00002213315,0.0001830848],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008022946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04242992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972104269","doi":"10.5194/cp-10-487-2014","title":"Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial climate","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Ice sheet; Geology; Last Glacial Maximum; Climatology; Ice-sheet model; Deglaciation; Cryosphere; Sea ice; Glacial period; Northern Hemisphere; Greenland ice sheet; Ice stream; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"David J. Ullman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders E. Carlson","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. S. Anslow","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph M. Licciardi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02094058186947348,"gpt":0.2987245819848219,"spread":0.2777840001153484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004604553,0.0004705366,0.0002718113,0.0002502051,0.000359858,0.0007529782,0.0005089697,0.0005091077,0.001255273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001366849,0.0002601639,0.0004966238,0.0001928874,0.0003311223,0.0004056185,0.0004230788,0.0004682263,0.0001418012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000871776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000826764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05352648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06557417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999885,0.00003117401,0.000007253801,0.00003188362,0.00001769173,0.00002701861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996358,0.0001275888,0.00006263362,0.00004644182,0.00005554172,0.00007198314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003951428,0.0001750161,0.1751118,0.00005476018,0.0002908559,0.0002578096,0.00011108,0.8104656,0.007396366,0.0006992031,0.0006236418,0.004418729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001086972,0.0002529162,0.1492959,0.00003441545,0.0001123735,0.00006022413,0.0001598409,0.8443774,0.004149216,0.0003786102,0.001028828,0.00004162865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976386,0.00003602221,0.0003412969,0.0000601242,0.000009395584,0.000006910014,0.0003727012,0.00002594662,0.001508966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989597,0.00001939505,0.0003814939,0.00002040924,0.000003176055,0.000005824531,0.0004141367,0.00001038804,0.0001855772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9464735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1064299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119297233","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-63-2021","title":"Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the <i>lig127k</i> simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Paleoclimatology; Interglacial; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climatology; Climate model; Environmental science; Scale (ratio); Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Meteorology; Oceanography; Geography; Glacial period; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anni Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Brierley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yarrow Axford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Émilie Capron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aline Govin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy S. Hoffman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth L Isaac","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masa Kageyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paolo Scussolini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polychronis C. Tzedakis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles J. R. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Wolff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascale Braconnot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvana Ramos Buarque","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jian Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne de Vernal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maria Vittoria Guarino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrin J. Meißner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurie Menviel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polina Morozova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryouta O’ishi","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Salas y Mélia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoxu Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie Sicard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louise C. Sime","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Tomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Volodin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas K. H. Yeung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weipeng Zheng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07583102036573294,"gpt":0.3480986561450827,"spread":0.2722676357793498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002169347,0.0007705145,0.0007043727,0.0003480258,0.000607933,0.0008595179,0.0008465511,0.0008129335,0.0008293896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002008143,0.000318835,0.00159016,0.0005493732,0.0006051037,0.0007224242,0.0007669485,0.0009493872,0.0001694518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001206956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000611342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02825567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02186097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995629,0.0001808499,0.0000314988,0.00009279014,0.00005217978,0.00007972826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998602,0.0006762932,0.0001276228,0.0002307189,0.0001776078,0.0001857786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001305384,0.0006648577,0.1635908,0.0001432504,0.001107705,0.0002692606,0.0002132356,0.8139132,0.006090782,0.001004687,0.002663464,0.009033415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003199967,0.0007366599,0.1402513,0.00002867939,0.0003557424,0.00006985363,0.0002483349,0.8498776,0.006130388,0.0005066427,0.00138063,0.00009424841],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99698,0.00008004871,0.0004058031,0.00008614296,0.00001747402,0.00001267249,0.001414424,0.0001030523,0.0009004356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970984,0.00002508322,0.0005521544,0.00002423208,0.000008057574,0.00001996392,0.002120349,0.00003495768,0.0001166729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02825567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05618238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172259751","doi":"10.5194/cp-5-615-2009","title":"Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Younger Dryas; Holocene; Climatology; Mediterranean climate; Deglaciation; Geology; Precipitation; Glacial period; Mediterranean sea; Oceanography; Preboreal; Seasonality; Physical geography; Geography; Ecology; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Isabelle Dormoy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Odile Peyron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathalie Combourieu‐Nebout","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Goring","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ulrich Kotthoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michel Magny","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Pross","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03762306256314706,"gpt":0.2661324248719136,"spread":0.2285093623087665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003138949,0.0001459115,0.000113496,0.0007887576,0.0001463038,0.0002761992,0.0001468938,0.0001668057,0.0006409889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005638228,0.00007457579,0.0002077596,0.0006392106,0.0001461824,0.0001740147,0.0001862611,0.0001113863,0.0001591227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002234547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001023643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005519656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007826279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999402,0.00001120674,0.000007611666,0.00002268851,0.00001101882,0.000007385512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999808,0.00002922861,0.00008278207,0.00001622584,0.00003517168,0.00002854217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007485453,0.00001423809,0.981944,0.00003292765,0.0001006389,0.0001300672,0.0002606115,0.0005600614,0.004266519,0.00007544751,0.0002498191,0.012291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.912897e-7,0.000005471307,0.9993581,0.000003097944,0.000004383007,0.00002190381,0.00002208578,0.0002456703,0.00006644309,0.000009764223,0.0002612059,9.027748e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987148,0.0001249457,0.0001884521,0.00001237172,0.000003958701,0.000001472234,0.0005625554,0.000008008617,0.0003834981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985865,0.00005462177,0.0003175081,0.000005439909,0.000006316028,0.000004008055,0.0009025094,0.000004178953,0.000118864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005519656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01097506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018849085","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-869-2015","title":"Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Aeolian processes and effects","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Regione Lombardia; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ice core; Holocene; Paleoclimatology; Mineral dust; Deposition (geology); Environmental science; Physical geography; Climatology; Peat; Climate change; Natural (archaeology); Geology; Biogeochemical cycle; Earth science; Oceanography; Structural basin; Geography; Aerosol; Meteorology; Paleontology; Archaeology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Samuel Albani","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. M. Mahowald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gisela Winckler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert F. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louisa I Bradtmiller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara Delmonte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger François","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle Goman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas Heavens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Hesse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven A. Hovan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shugang Kang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen E. Kohfeld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Huayu Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valter Maggi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph A. Mason","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul A. Mayewski","is_ca":false},{"name":"David McGee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaodong Miao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. T. Perry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Pourmand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helen M. Roberts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nan Rosenbloom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Stevens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jimin Sun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009174320612976157,"gpt":0.2206876373647566,"spread":0.2115133167517805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000465343,0.0002154499,0.0002764645,0.001199783,0.0003850203,0.001029012,0.0003070248,0.0003212738,0.0008982748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001657031,0.0001869108,0.0004060498,0.002104732,0.0002701789,0.0004935699,0.0006608715,0.0002337083,0.0001653682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004451219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003176741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02476972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03816715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998308,0.0000279993,0.00002007836,0.00006125368,0.0000273705,0.00003246327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993005,0.0001959558,0.0001813218,0.0001184058,0.0001086441,0.00009518255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001271408,0.0000269369,0.978831,0.00007509581,0.0001765502,0.0003604372,0.0002617759,0.006766424,0.001109862,0.0007041482,0.001797692,0.009763072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008587167,0.00001388932,0.9860888,0.00002585381,0.00004495069,0.0001095877,0.0002611207,0.00854163,0.0002782376,0.0005525042,0.004063543,0.00001142199],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902154,0.0004464359,0.0006443844,0.0001389109,0.00001666396,0.000005926385,0.007685102,0.00003319337,0.000813967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861972,0.0002575856,0.0007302843,0.00002089551,0.00001948865,0.00001425222,0.01251806,0.00001460813,0.0002276352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02476972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04925108,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106860141","doi":"10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014","title":"Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Queen's University; Université du Québec à Montréal; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Past Global Changes; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Proxy (statistics); Arctic; Circumpolar star; Physical geography; Geology; Climate change; Holocene; Climatology; Climate model; Database; Geography; Oceanography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"H. S. Sundqvist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darrell S. Kaufman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas P. McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas L. Balascio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason P. Briner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Les C. Cwynar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hans Petter Sejrup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heikki Seppä","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dmitry Subetto","is_ca":false},{"name":"John T. Andrews","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yarrow Axford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jostein Bakke","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. J. B. Birks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Brooks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne de Vernal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne Jennings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathleen M. Rühland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Casey Saenger","is_ca":false},{"name":"John P. Smol","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. E. Viau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08551748627457564,"gpt":0.277871139933906,"spread":0.1923536536593304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01270946,0.0006897243,0.001074444,0.01387795,0.001074062,0.006342968,0.002554822,0.0007177811,0.002157843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03960487,0.0007677821,0.0007658891,0.01789704,0.0005001973,0.004703707,0.003386977,0.001211805,0.001404236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001209037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002894692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01553371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01749352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9923258,0.001568311,0.002524307,0.001504557,0.001902333,0.0001747954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.95804,0.007842983,0.004905879,0.0160009,0.01222727,0.0009829741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007559286,0.0003356617,0.3426441,0.001755256,0.001260013,0.0004561089,0.003690857,0.02254021,0.00875328,0.02843619,0.05092677,0.5384456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002019596,0.00042213,0.3476452,0.001654348,0.001024422,0.0009514014,0.003006363,0.119621,0.02699196,0.02183866,0.4761962,0.000446353],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1520857,0.003498371,0.4674936,0.0008474928,0.000423806,0.0007369059,0.3419342,0.01673207,0.01624791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2026286,0.001352932,0.5249235,0.0001980849,0.0001529548,0.001066349,0.2668067,0.001267782,0.001603106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01553371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06721485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153126815","doi":"10.5194/cp-8-483-2012","title":"Persistent influence of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last Interglacial","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Natural Environment Research Council; European Commission; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Interglacial; North Atlantic Deep Water; Geology; Climatology; Oceanography; Latitude; Sea surface temperature; Glacial period; Thermohaline circulation; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Aline Govin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascale Braconnot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Émilie Capron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elsa Cortijo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Claude Duplessy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eystein Jansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent D Labeyrie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amaëlle Landais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Marti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Élisabeth Michel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eloi Mosquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bjørg Risebrobakken","is_ca":false},{"name":"Didier Swingedouw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claire Waelbroeck","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01313055757068757,"gpt":0.2269304923454405,"spread":0.2137999347747529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000309817,0.0004372363,0.0004327666,0.0003971688,0.0004792867,0.001061989,0.0003785093,0.0004517576,0.001052615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006673666,0.0002773617,0.0007363138,0.0003879106,0.0004896515,0.0003667969,0.0005791545,0.0003300199,0.0001441904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001042979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006232148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04952467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03502699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998689,0.00002830595,0.00001131904,0.00004158052,0.00001314663,0.00003682899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998074,0.00004304951,0.00004499639,0.00002958871,0.00002610684,0.00004880745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005969046,0.00009064966,0.8313026,0.00009673876,0.0005991663,0.0005971474,0.0001866131,0.1409029,0.01707543,0.0005702837,0.000850402,0.007131222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005513445,0.0000829527,0.8805656,0.00002630451,0.0001475728,0.00007652623,0.0001516691,0.1162851,0.001443102,0.000300974,0.0008324819,0.00003252231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986532,0.0001098803,0.0001971753,0.00006158599,0.00001073609,0.000001476824,0.0004247549,0.00006329285,0.0004780106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996275,0.00002344773,0.00005327945,0.000006485555,0.000002552348,0.000001168179,0.0002303784,0.000007873926,0.00004737403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04952467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09847277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998742453","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020","title":"Lessons from a high-CO <sub>2</sub> world: an ocean view from  ∼ 3 million years ago","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Foraminifera; Sea surface temperature; Climatology; Proxy (statistics); Interglacial; Environmental science; Anomaly (physics); Ocean current; Forcing (mathematics); Climate change; Oceanography; Geology; Glacial period","authors":[{"name":"Erin L. McClymont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heather L. Ford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sze Ling Ho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia C. Tindall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Montserrat Alonso‐García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Bailey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa A. Berke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kate Littler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Molly O. Patterson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin Petrick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francien Peterse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana Christina Ravelo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bjørg Risebrobakken","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stijn De Schepper","is_ca":false},{"name":"George E. A. Swann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaustubh Thirumalai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica E. Tierney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carolien van der Weijst","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. M. White","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michiel Baatsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wing‐Le Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ran Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna S. von der Heydt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangyu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03073412222193853,"gpt":0.2608274929524145,"spread":0.230093370730476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000450655,0.0003490094,0.0002381963,0.0005586884,0.0006816013,0.001990681,0.0002719826,0.0009754958,0.003099597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007400192,0.0001645167,0.0002216411,0.000792174,0.001940857,0.003169638,0.001200776,0.002126842,0.0004522165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001343133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007784108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0187893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02951978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999185,0.00001505213,0.000005803649,0.00002309604,0.00001347496,0.00002405895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998038,0.00003710718,0.00003503214,0.00002387686,0.0000532642,0.00004690152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001057782,0.0001254121,0.2217449,0.001882782,0.0005362789,0.004324632,0.01701794,0.006647587,0.01673207,0.1623492,0.1122028,0.4553787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002898767,0.0001407784,0.2943385,0.001415166,0.0002281932,0.001337825,0.01319798,0.00156339,0.002486067,0.107044,0.5781019,0.0001171413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4766254,0.1899736,0.004123866,0.2463186,0.00454942,0.0000165492,0.0031936,0.0002331373,0.07496583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9156684,0.06019944,0.001216182,0.01446776,0.001229428,0.00001165501,0.0006214139,0.0000700837,0.006515639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0187893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03735983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005178207","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020","title":"Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Russian Science Foundation; Climate Extremes; Vetenskapsrådet; National Supercomputer Centre, Linköpings Universitet; Natural Environment Research Council; National Research Foundation of Korea; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Science Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Interglacial; Precipitation; Last Glacial Maximum; Climate model; Holocene; Multivariate ENSO index; El Niño Southern Oscillation; Glacial period; Climate state; Range (aeronautics); Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Global warming; Geology; La Niña; Oceanography; Geography; Meteorology; Effects of global warming","authors":[{"name":"Josephine R. Brown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Brierley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Soon‐Il An","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Vittoria Guarino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samantha Stevenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles J. R. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anni Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascale Braconnot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roberta D’Agostino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polina Morozova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rumi Ohgaito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryouta O’ishi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoxu Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louise C. Sime","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Volodin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weipeng Zheng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04488653403233751,"gpt":0.2878014469100487,"spread":0.2429149128777112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002053039,0.0009295085,0.0005299387,0.0007343121,0.0006430176,0.001181,0.001125441,0.001377624,0.00242253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004317465,0.0006423512,0.001019906,0.0009842818,0.000451804,0.001448584,0.0004993384,0.001092311,0.0004619294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001823468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001075718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04825629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03324473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995054,0.0001819655,0.00004734598,0.000128157,0.00007506351,0.00006208934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979482,0.0009641988,0.0001616576,0.0001860239,0.0005382307,0.0002016851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003615959,0.0001147314,0.01441976,0.0001031155,0.000270468,0.00006545345,0.00005086089,0.9764934,0.0007006086,0.001060326,0.002931444,0.003428188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002393394,0.0001392144,0.01486024,0.00003782824,0.0001183638,0.00002699083,0.00008563333,0.9809067,0.001029253,0.0006454056,0.001862113,0.00004893653],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795319,0.0005161398,0.002457718,0.0009374949,0.0002355974,0.00005390541,0.008729622,0.0006397353,0.006897948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923711,0.0001620331,0.001446579,0.00009874655,0.00003416488,0.00004991844,0.005298359,0.000100856,0.0004381846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04825629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09595078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515895207","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-1663-2016","title":"Hosed vs. unhosed: interruptions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a global coupled model, with and without freshwater forcing","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"University of Toronto; Compute Canada","keywords":"Climatology; Forcing (mathematics); Precipitation; Environmental science; Ocean current; Thermohaline circulation; Climate model; Atmosphere (unit); Abrupt climate change; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation; Climate change; Lead (geology); Oceanography; Climate state; Geology; Global warming; North Atlantic Deep Water; Effects of global warming; Geography; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric D. Galbraith","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01714289407626765,"gpt":0.2422280985416612,"spread":0.2250852044653935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003308488,0.0005547032,0.0005257148,0.0002814823,0.0003451313,0.000928479,0.0006889015,0.0008486827,0.0008177146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008830555,0.000273311,0.0008070701,0.0002755874,0.0008394571,0.0006249865,0.0006323716,0.0006911271,0.00005733443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007091445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000532331,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0162498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999171,0.00002597524,0.000006045546,0.00002108426,0.000007403572,0.00002230582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999727,0.00009085192,0.00005060642,0.00002709138,0.00002858436,0.00007588292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003258417,0.00008983372,0.02253106,0.00004121436,0.0002146377,0.000280007,0.00006619295,0.9697822,0.003388962,0.001320047,0.0003608528,0.001599168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006705479,0.00009530008,0.007843187,0.000005195683,0.0000351177,0.0000110316,0.00004198339,0.9910266,0.0003620881,0.0003593622,0.0001400247,0.00001303979],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970403,0.00005706675,0.001515634,0.0001125323,0.00002223051,0.000008322081,0.0002283238,0.0000435838,0.0009718867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992555,0.0000262564,0.0003940946,0.00002186417,0.000006889754,0.000007434263,0.0001138974,0.00001129568,0.0001627727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.025203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05011261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108814505","doi":"10.5194/cp-7-1297-2011","title":"Heinrich event 1: an example of dynamical ice-sheet reaction to oceanic changes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"North Atlantic Deep Water; Geology; Ice sheet; Oceanography; Lead (geology); Climatology; Greenland ice sheet; Thermohaline circulation; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Jorge Álvarez-Solas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marisa Montoya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine Ritz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilles Ramstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sylvie Charbit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christophe Dumas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Trond Dokken","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrey Ganopolski","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":0,"score":{"opus":0.05528478508637176,"gpt":0.2643925364093676,"spread":0.2091077513229959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000223795,0.0002639297,0.0003059982,0.0003283147,0.0004634866,0.0005378451,0.0004131698,0.0007123462,0.001379116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005323185,0.00009653759,0.0004056281,0.000310471,0.0002543707,0.0003144389,0.0004981015,0.0004459915,0.00009310437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004994877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000335045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0227806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02352997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999299,0.0000120534,0.000005069618,0.00002159079,0.00001118487,0.0000201061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998447,0.00003223168,0.00003215977,0.00001832244,0.00001468885,0.00005789217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008302275,0.0005044399,0.6132861,0.0002165456,0.0007535863,0.005123233,0.001116245,0.3293341,0.0195565,0.006158167,0.005880716,0.01724016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001557412,0.0003040638,0.4131115,0.00003475327,0.0001762703,0.0004735986,0.0005773362,0.5753985,0.003320635,0.002929028,0.00343761,0.00008102038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973865,0.0000607071,0.0005115733,0.0001065951,0.00001658349,0.00001435189,0.0004307265,0.00006329866,0.001409732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990621,0.00004075476,0.0004017923,0.00001654261,0.000006701294,0.000004919858,0.0002967888,0.000006905818,0.000163571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0227806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2472980174","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-2033-2016","title":"Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: a review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Levoglucosan; Ice core; Boreal; Environmental science; Glacier; Peat; Taiga; Greenland ice sheet; Cryosphere; Geology; Physical geography; Climatology; Ecology; Chemistry; Biomass burning; Sea ice; Geography; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Michel Legrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph R. McConnell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubertus Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Wolff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susanne Preunkert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monica M. Arienzo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathan Chellman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daiana Leuenberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. J. Maselli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip Place","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Sigl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Schüpbach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mike Flannigan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01520463830712675,"gpt":0.2672070070166717,"spread":0.252002368709545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001681099,0.0009773378,0.001077381,0.007260251,0.0002913681,0.001088805,0.0009378479,0.0005251129,0.001552097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003070199,0.0003820045,0.0007597068,0.006167097,0.000406701,0.00123172,0.0005616171,0.0005874268,0.0005145665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005040152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002366188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00609234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01079828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999612,0.00003813168,0.0001164851,0.0001111598,0.00009931029,0.00002293604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971641,0.001496079,0.0006193575,0.00007876924,0.0005212562,0.0001204722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001142267,0.00002992303,0.01000916,0.04677328,0.0004373105,0.0002348211,0.0002179442,0.0001912238,0.0008429824,0.0003436024,0.01130277,0.9295027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000228455,0.0002032585,0.1073315,0.06057943,0.002445618,0.003317964,0.0005752327,0.0001759796,0.001316168,0.000708149,0.823232,0.00009179646],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009272614,0.9976091,0.0001726323,0.0001134463,0.0001796775,0.000009799115,0.0004245338,0.00001530152,0.0005482451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004252713,0.9935776,0.0008623887,0.0001920929,0.0002885565,0.00001579764,0.0006481531,0.000007511579,0.000155274],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007260251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01211375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739350628","doi":"10.5194/cp-13-919-2017","title":"Regional and global climate for the mid-Pliocene using the University of Toronto version of CCSM4 and PlioMIP2 boundary conditions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Centre for Global Change Science, University of Toronto; Government of Ontario; Compute Canada","keywords":"Climatology; Climate model; Interglacial; Latitude; Proxy (statistics); Environmental science; Geology; Paleoclimatology; Climate change; Glacial period; Oceanography; Paleontology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03135497852664901,"gpt":0.2788346186128721,"spread":0.2474796400862231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004244972,0.0007916017,0.000525973,0.0005209685,0.001045953,0.001088314,0.001382736,0.001110242,0.008138673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001271772,0.0005961583,0.0009686106,0.002082077,0.000561824,0.0006729288,0.0004465713,0.001225085,0.001130656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01013501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006861759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7859173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7747843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998,0.0000398171,0.0000116295,0.00005129574,0.00005822778,0.00003890127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996454,0.00004710385,0.00003610341,0.00004467382,0.000153025,0.00007369002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003432604,0.00007194896,0.02596273,0.0003487928,0.0003718407,0.000363825,0.0002754209,0.930756,0.0028708,0.004241962,0.02937526,0.00501816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001408562,0.0001064218,0.1095859,0.0001342878,0.0003190308,0.00009049831,0.0004368853,0.831373,0.003526393,0.002817388,0.04999224,0.0002093103],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7715992,0.00127218,0.008845188,0.002454099,0.0005551943,0.0001930278,0.17888,0.001972254,0.03422879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9325902,0.0004227036,0.006592262,0.0001320373,0.00006425774,0.0001117697,0.05650232,0.0003345167,0.003249952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7859173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4306868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022587997","doi":"10.5194/cp-5-269-2009","title":"Mid-Pliocene shifts in ocean overturning circulation and the onset of Quaternary-style climates","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Geology; Glacial period; Oceanography; Quaternary; Climatology; Interglacial; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Michael Sarnthein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gretta Bartoli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthias Prange","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Schmittner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Birgit Schneider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mara Weinelt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nils Andersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dieter Garbe‐Schönberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01386993294690116,"gpt":0.2415412621964438,"spread":0.2276713292495426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002333362,0.0001691052,0.0001175731,0.000597632,0.0003518043,0.0008126256,0.0001316009,0.0003204446,0.004321498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008231786,0.0001184082,0.0001176517,0.0006768023,0.0003630202,0.0005609331,0.0005190945,0.0004339388,0.0004562679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005137621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002731877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007326165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01217175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999572,0.000005534147,0.000002483403,0.00001727295,0.000004778655,0.00001274968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997438,0.00002830257,0.00008907401,0.00001350182,0.00006620871,0.00005911372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003672212,0.00005534633,0.9687645,0.0000725322,0.00006498693,0.0004430538,0.002059663,0.0004009306,0.006190473,0.001503617,0.000981683,0.01909596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004520955,0.00001907296,0.9976571,0.00001156004,0.000006415409,0.00005704919,0.0002174765,0.0001089363,0.0001607941,0.0001647873,0.001590108,0.000002138048],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993378,0.001161266,0.000134364,0.0003695943,0.00001806041,0.000004379976,0.0007935938,0.00001254405,0.004128237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987754,0.0004326582,0.00003498796,0.00003321552,0.0000174402,0.000002260435,0.0002944168,0.00000347767,0.0004061511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007326165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01456702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137179235","doi":"10.5194/cp-7-249-2011","title":"Initiation of a Marinoan Snowball Earth in a state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation model","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum; International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems Engineering; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Chicago","keywords":"Snowball Earth; Ice-albedo feedback; Albedo (alchemy); Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Sea ice; Environmental science; Geology; Meteorology; Cryosphere; Drift ice; Physics; Glacial period; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Aiko Voigt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorian S. Abbot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raymond T. Pierrehumbert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jochem Marotzke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03157319219459399,"gpt":0.2309574703207266,"spread":0.1993842781261326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003446719,0.0005292055,0.0007423993,0.0003951346,0.0006692608,0.0009989429,0.0008552677,0.001308543,0.002077315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001119443,0.0003613106,0.001128931,0.0002690633,0.0007582469,0.000674779,0.0007604314,0.0008934269,0.0001626323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001167567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001119633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05061298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02354592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999061,0.00002317684,0.00000372616,0.00001817185,0.00001119895,0.00003771531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996058,0.0001438897,0.00006444837,0.00002561748,0.00004341374,0.0001168355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002124679,0.00008611744,0.0164115,0.0000269974,0.00009604254,0.0002818581,0.00004287504,0.9779702,0.001530676,0.001970712,0.0005464776,0.0008241175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003938212,0.00003430638,0.002626742,0.000003381088,0.0000176688,0.000007277023,0.00002757066,0.9965261,0.0002256971,0.0003196882,0.0001664962,0.000005798031],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931317,0.00005106141,0.002490036,0.0001729606,0.0000264098,0.00001980144,0.0003639432,0.0000709146,0.003673275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997739,0.00003120944,0.0007495293,0.000038422,0.00001159708,0.00001875162,0.000398609,0.00002056654,0.0009923638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05061298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1006368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226041909","doi":"10.5194/cp-18-485-2022","title":"Magnitude, frequency and climate forcing of global volcanism during the last glacial period as seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores (60–9 ka)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Villum Fonden","keywords":"Geology; Ice core; Climatology; Forcing (mathematics); Glacial period; Volcanism; Ice sheet; Period (music); Magnitude (astronomy); Oceanography; Paleontology; Astronomy; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Jiamei Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders Svensson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine S. Hvidberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steffen Kristiansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. P. Steffensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sune Olander Rasmussen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eliza Cook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helle Astrid Kjær","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bo Vinther","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubertus Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas F. Stocker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Sigl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthias Bigler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mirko Severi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rita Traversi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Mulvaney","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009921600191042242,"gpt":0.2328515089475825,"spread":0.2229299087565403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002886689,0.0002329361,0.000215723,0.001017864,0.000191879,0.0004828309,0.000149958,0.0001993289,0.0004189396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003903116,0.0001266557,0.0003338171,0.0008136453,0.0002507475,0.0001709825,0.0003820473,0.0001004136,0.00009411969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005123001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002958809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02322487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03498942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999201,0.00001203082,0.000007367109,0.00002523268,0.00001346729,0.00002171048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997088,0.00004592819,0.0001053773,0.00002832694,0.00004873139,0.00006275933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009527674,0.00001226909,0.9833727,0.00002171727,0.0001274076,0.0001178205,0.000171725,0.001054658,0.01104461,0.00004787714,0.0001850048,0.003748864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001096136,0.000003859813,0.9994696,0.000001349204,0.000007332452,0.00001461397,0.00002659974,0.0002784744,0.0001201214,0.000006228552,0.00006989348,8.929347e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999204,0.0000601519,0.00003386263,0.00001142498,0.000001611638,0.000001331685,0.0004559163,0.000006651921,0.0002250499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999047,0.0000397357,0.00007206948,0.000009570368,0.000003794028,0.0000024328,0.0007502046,0.000002800824,0.00007238861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02322487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04617935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2559561279","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016","title":"The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Spörer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Famine; Subsistence agriculture; Climate change; Climatology; Proxy (statistics); Geography; Forcing (mathematics); Climate model; Environmental science; Agriculture; Oceanography; Geology; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Chantal Camenisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Keller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melanie Salvisberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin Amann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Bauch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandro Blumer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rudolf Brázdil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Brönnimann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulf Büntgen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Campbell","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Fernández-Donado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominik Fleitmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rüdiger Glaser","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Fidel González‐Rouco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martín Grosjean","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard C. Hoffmann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heli Huhtamaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fortunat Joos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Kiss","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oldřich Kotyza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Flavio Lehner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jürg Luterbacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Maughan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raphael Neukom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theresa Novy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathleen Pribyl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoph C. Raible","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dirk Riemann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maximilian Schuh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip Slavin","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Werner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oliver Wetter","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009024216442627511,"gpt":0.2068533877575736,"spread":0.1978291713149461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001022837,0.0002568139,0.000444706,0.0008489689,0.001056581,0.002087357,0.00036599,0.0006794339,0.0008921289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007951982,0.0001693256,0.000223807,0.001022483,0.001114898,0.0008422983,0.001201298,0.0004541834,0.0001535311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001138993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009677039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01909448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02822551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998119,0.00003566816,0.00001958749,0.0000532328,0.00003871693,0.00004091067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999762,0.00003005642,0.00008064722,0.00001597261,0.00004968778,0.0000615966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006528262,0.0001732946,0.8941925,0.0005413601,0.0006261916,0.006757093,0.02908196,0.001878258,0.011013,0.006131073,0.006039761,0.04291267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006572378,0.00002773331,0.9902362,0.00006785695,0.00002517104,0.0003220673,0.002791771,0.0001985573,0.0002100672,0.0003506868,0.005751911,0.00001143965],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963013,0.001163992,0.00008805366,0.0002497033,0.0000332946,0.000004262748,0.000280867,0.000007696237,0.001870835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990875,0.0002498727,0.00006352439,0.00007286086,0.00002230883,0.00000343078,0.0003045782,0.000006011308,0.0001899532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01909448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03796667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969419843","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013","title":"Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Stockholms Universitet; Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Geology; Ice sheet; Ice-sheet model; Greenland ice sheet; Climatology; Northern Hemisphere; Glacial period; Cryosphere; Marine isotope stage; Interglacial; Ice stream; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Sea ice","authors":[{"name":"Johan Klemån","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. L. Fastook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karin Ebert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johan Nilsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rodrigo Caballero","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01051090898547577,"gpt":0.2199416564984898,"spread":0.209430747513014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001227676,0.0002233371,0.0001245438,0.0004049564,0.0002409085,0.000608918,0.00023773,0.0002001867,0.006618019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003183286,0.0001078963,0.0002051841,0.0004497928,0.0001198749,0.0001864472,0.0002139216,0.0001724156,0.001099236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001147565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008589075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08719058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1518361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999659,0.0000050976,0.000001600843,0.00001362639,0.000007157724,0.000006656664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999442,0.000004380737,0.00001005182,0.00001479732,0.00001911673,0.000007524927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002768425,0.00005903532,0.6619372,0.0001467621,0.000196159,0.0003846086,0.0005132026,0.1772148,0.01587008,0.003706161,0.01766374,0.1220314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005078032,0.00003675914,0.8320571,0.00005444724,0.00004306646,0.000121879,0.0001468668,0.1381933,0.002598138,0.001134633,0.02554232,0.00002071501],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9342613,0.0004738175,0.009295203,0.0002156864,0.00007475208,0.00003390375,0.02255808,0.001120731,0.03196666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890057,0.0001012243,0.002440811,0.00003250256,0.000009626642,0.00001786432,0.00568887,0.00006033556,0.002642933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08719058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1733661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2595915851","doi":"10.5194/cp-14-473-2018","title":"Arctic hydroclimate variability during the last 2000 years: current understanding and research challenges","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Arctic; Climatology; Proxy (statistics); Context (archaeology); Climate change; Environmental science; Physical geography; Geography; Oceanography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Hans W. Linderholm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie Nicolle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Francus","is_ca":true},{"name":"Konrad Gajewski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samuli Helama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Atte Korhola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olga N Solomina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zicheng Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peng Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. J. D'Andrea","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maxime Debret","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dmitry Divine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Björn E. Gunnarson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil J. Loader","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Masséi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristina Seftigen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth K. Thomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Werner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sofia Andersson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Annika Berntsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tomi P. Luoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liisa Nevalainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saija Saarni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Minna Väliranta","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09002175089919297,"gpt":0.3123223140096254,"spread":0.2223005631104324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005014072,0.0006823514,0.001480223,0.002359627,0.0006609115,0.003031444,0.0009037516,0.0009642706,0.001051466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006764354,0.0003971226,0.0007939273,0.006742077,0.001306584,0.003212964,0.001447554,0.001900323,0.0003255438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001835148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003131467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04406847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03702317,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991598,0.0001978738,0.0001000489,0.0003591021,0.0001255405,0.00005762988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944438,0.002697986,0.0008450667,0.0002511255,0.001465357,0.0002965575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002704678,0.0001043713,0.1739561,0.01135298,0.001082067,0.0002992196,0.003809597,0.007822478,0.001253778,0.01545703,0.01936031,0.7652317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002147251,0.0003018668,0.594964,0.01433419,0.0009962539,0.000613527,0.008557428,0.01203395,0.0008896709,0.04130626,0.3257257,0.0002557701],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04638987,0.9278263,0.00340581,0.01412407,0.0006342298,0.00001616411,0.003717087,0.00005231405,0.003834069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2763917,0.7097396,0.005434236,0.002484969,0.002047872,0.0000561046,0.003365007,0.00003482222,0.0004457217],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04406847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08762395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001504003","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-37-2021","title":"A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Horizon 2020; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Australian Research Council; Sight Research UK; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Sea ice; Climatology; Cryosphere; Arctic; Arctic ice pack; Climate model; Interglacial; Geology; Paleoclimatology; Oceanography; Arctic sea ice decline; Climate change; Antarctic sea ice; Environmental science; Glacial period","authors":[{"name":"Masa Kageyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louise C. Sime","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie Sicard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Vittoria Guarino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne de Vernal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ruediger Stein","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Schröeder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene Malmierca‐Vallet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cecilia M. Bitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pascale Braconnot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jian Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew A. Chamberlain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrin J. Meißner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurie Menviel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polina Morozova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryouta O’ishi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvana Ramos Buarque","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Salas y Mélia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sam Sherriff‐Tadano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julienne Strœve","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoxu Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bо Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Tomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Volodin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas K. H. Yeung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weipeng Zheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tilo Ziehn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0947762135948803,"gpt":0.2998717715627814,"spread":0.2050955579679011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001793735,0.0008453031,0.0004550269,0.0007326154,0.0003992188,0.0006195888,0.0008990256,0.0006794721,0.0009542015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001793582,0.0003556784,0.001225778,0.001141897,0.0002362761,0.0008709967,0.0006163791,0.0005785101,0.0003103728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000974015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005600349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04267472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02393157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996463,0.000146373,0.00002062733,0.00009418251,0.00005029246,0.00004217565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999002,0.0003879906,0.00013905,0.0001676022,0.0001937057,0.0001095829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001583003,0.0007781318,0.6786175,0.0001974677,0.001781541,0.0004655193,0.0002804958,0.2869537,0.00444505,0.001028592,0.00546573,0.01840318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002424345,0.0002886907,0.6782131,0.00006049768,0.0004121834,0.0001349698,0.000385444,0.311916,0.003573389,0.0004815646,0.004192973,0.00009873362],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934959,0.0001554216,0.0007263727,0.0001083398,0.00002227694,0.00001521663,0.004658076,0.00006201084,0.0007563258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912336,0.00006835569,0.001043611,0.00002543363,0.00001437643,0.00003312107,0.007264666,0.00004544053,0.0002713428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04267472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08485264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4298184788","doi":"10.5194/cp-5-97-2009","title":"Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Comunidad de Madrid","keywords":"Borehole; Climatology; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"J. Fidel González‐Rouco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eduardo Zorita","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02575363279094368,"gpt":0.2548339548893951,"spread":0.2290803220984514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003626925,0.0006175225,0.0004587071,0.002037964,0.0008922699,0.002425776,0.002010194,0.002058163,0.003514046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008789522,0.0004004251,0.0008088836,0.004629465,0.001698699,0.007078463,0.001417554,0.002382605,0.0003390278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001708454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009079125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009670056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007947173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990908,0.0004752075,0.0000591634,0.0001421535,0.0001739972,0.00005868894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971693,0.001797012,0.000265061,0.0002034291,0.0004385147,0.0001266118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001327566,0.0001090653,0.03962529,0.001251295,0.0001144875,0.0008526153,0.003382666,0.02436673,0.0009439341,0.7551266,0.05210636,0.1219881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003589072,0.0001488561,0.1017762,0.001982192,0.00009611405,0.001557291,0.004190503,0.050635,0.001589442,0.1595403,0.6782776,0.000170532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1188556,0.246509,0.1964388,0.2703297,0.01195718,0.0001873317,0.005323224,0.0009510341,0.1494481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8001226,0.1379698,0.02913808,0.01194707,0.009845044,0.0002021791,0.001515297,0.0005696407,0.008690321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009670056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0192275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3025123054","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020","title":"Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Climatology; Arctic; Environmental science; Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Climate model; Proxy (statistics); The arctic; Anomaly (physics); Coupled model intercomparison project; Global warming; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Oceanography; Statistics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Wesley de Nooijer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Q. Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangyu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia C. Tindall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harry J. Dowsett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ran Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda E. Sohl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Chandler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Contoux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilles Ramstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michiel Baatsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna S. von der Heydt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wing‐Le Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Youichi Kamae","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Brierley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06531269994629385,"gpt":0.3064452597952871,"spread":0.2411325598489932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001954205,0.00106906,0.000653543,0.000538054,0.0004480522,0.0008761775,0.0009014442,0.0009689453,0.001017675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003573277,0.0004944972,0.0008521723,0.0005122001,0.0004048771,0.0006558557,0.0006975622,0.0007837359,0.0001661281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008190743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006637502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02021389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01134877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995918,0.0001929137,0.00002710108,0.00007927074,0.00005007306,0.00005892199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988005,0.0006041846,0.0001108371,0.0001458416,0.0002120369,0.0001264834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002497846,0.0001147837,0.03232359,0.00006252564,0.0002700723,0.0001033969,0.00006257879,0.9609377,0.001540419,0.0002170949,0.0003486557,0.003769404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001169749,0.000272333,0.01724202,0.00003101757,0.00008010464,0.00002582422,0.00007768496,0.9792451,0.00203211,0.0001825591,0.0006762078,0.00001811829],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954386,0.0001732518,0.001518182,0.00013331,0.00002944456,0.00002484543,0.0008911491,0.0002283585,0.001562859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971089,0.00006351368,0.001542778,0.00003325958,0.000009395701,0.00002810774,0.00103564,0.00003600909,0.000142369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02021389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04019248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802602126","doi":"10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018","title":"Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Alkalinity; Glacial period; Carbon cycle; Interglacial; Oceanography; Geology; Deep sea; Sediment; Biological pump; Last Glacial Maximum; Carbonate; Sea level; Environmental science; Paleontology; Ecology; Chemistry; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Olivier Cartapanis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric D. Galbraith","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniele Bianchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel L. Jaccard","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01857977798164321,"gpt":0.2663185698002018,"spread":0.2477387918185586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007329657,0.0007071371,0.0003657938,0.00178014,0.0004124194,0.001084058,0.0003482304,0.0004141479,0.00105127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001571159,0.0004172629,0.0007568474,0.00207994,0.0006208257,0.000739066,0.0008946966,0.0004074564,0.0001949484],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00104454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005361069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01669002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01884306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998357,0.00003019258,0.00002181804,0.00005999045,0.0000300456,0.00002220656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993229,0.0001174191,0.0002307309,0.0001107838,0.0001498229,0.00006825182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002179804,0.00003258169,0.9044526,0.0001788293,0.0007631281,0.0002170766,0.0001909649,0.05919237,0.01382514,0.002093257,0.0005156928,0.01832034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001996804,0.00003201533,0.9715701,0.00003829038,0.00009601317,0.0001019179,0.0001010059,0.02355302,0.002010137,0.001019302,0.001428351,0.00002998043],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934104,0.001212483,0.002487273,0.0001832585,0.00003221239,0.000004616045,0.001559122,0.00007454056,0.001036048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982541,0.0002354343,0.0006903607,0.00002836963,0.000009145134,0.000003264616,0.0006027118,0.00001842285,0.000158135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01669002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03318572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993600387","doi":"10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020","title":"A first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Carlsbergfondet; Bergens Forskningsstiftelse; Universitetet i Bergen; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Beijing Normal University; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Københavns Universitet; National Institute of Polar Research; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ice core; Geology; Chronology; Glacial period; Tephra; Holocene; Glacier; Eemian; Deglaciation; Physical geography; Ice sheet; Paleoclimatology; Climatology; Oceanography; Paleontology; Volcano; Interglacial; Climate change; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Seyedhamidreza Mojtabavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Wilhelms","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eliza Cook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siwan M. Davies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giulia Sinnl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mathias Skov Jensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anders Svensson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bo Vinther","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sepp Kipfstuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwydion Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nanna B. Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sérgio H. Faria","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vasileios Gkinis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helle Astrid Kjær","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tobias Erhardt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah M. P. Berben","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Iben Koldtoft","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sune Olander Rasmussen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03853137725945367,"gpt":0.2644758195943068,"spread":0.2259444423348531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001023223,0.0008086779,0.0002481085,0.006587407,0.0005336288,0.0007475598,0.0006672283,0.0003137208,0.003663244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001437964,0.0002304584,0.000267955,0.005613796,0.0003218389,0.000893163,0.001050751,0.0006119973,0.001215469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001553509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001885454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05506783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1359913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995309,0.00004837062,0.00009112217,0.0001281448,0.0001384711,0.00006293118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971034,0.000113941,0.000720843,0.000309337,0.001545242,0.0002072687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004706013,0.0001973475,0.4335877,0.001292982,0.0002753721,0.0009632052,0.002782685,0.004617971,0.01353293,0.006885861,0.2212124,0.3141809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017629,0.00004809265,0.7467443,0.0002255869,0.00003133653,0.0001779227,0.0003008673,0.0006403932,0.001806711,0.00030628,0.2496817,0.00001906081],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3736403,0.008947213,0.01682482,0.0006595613,0.001476919,0.00132472,0.5407851,0.00111363,0.05522763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4357148,0.002805716,0.0657717,0.0006884381,0.0005214744,0.002159679,0.4726074,0.001000137,0.01873061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05506783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1094946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151479210","doi":"10.5194/cp-10-759-2014","title":"A seasonality trigger for carbon injection at the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universiteit Utrecht","keywords":"Seasonality; Geology; Boreal; Paleoclimatology; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Climatology; Oceanography; Climate change; Ecology; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"James S Eldrett","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Greenwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marcel Polling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henk Brinkhuis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Appy Sluijs","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01914841549888321,"gpt":0.2431571385397481,"spread":0.2240087230408649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002146883,0.0001472046,0.0001771636,0.0006609018,0.0005123512,0.000566611,0.0002022931,0.0004416514,0.003677632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006279267,0.0001619747,0.0001188122,0.0004769155,0.0003475813,0.0003794925,0.0005872241,0.0003693049,0.0003383647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003424204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001676702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003680474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006944485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999244,0.00001174633,0.000005010136,0.00002808643,0.00001166321,0.00001907408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997508,0.00003381395,0.00006450444,0.00001588375,0.00006807676,0.00006692691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004933823,0.00007391396,0.9007842,0.0001618062,0.00009063722,0.0006302965,0.001285614,0.0008768033,0.07564487,0.001045123,0.002361742,0.01655162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003596682,0.00001193349,0.9980895,0.00001012519,0.000005354952,0.00007178493,0.0001589429,0.0002751259,0.0004583382,0.00006715402,0.0008448154,0.000003445439],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953412,0.0003421545,0.0001992941,0.0001671953,0.00001613091,0.000006669278,0.0005974356,0.00004144243,0.00328854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993032,0.00005203396,0.00007624441,0.00003411507,0.0000118734,0.000005530095,0.0003409247,0.000005752495,0.0001701748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003680474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01230294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974946724","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013","title":"Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; National Institute of Polar Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Korea Polar Research Institute; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Natural Resources Canada; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Commission; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snow; Firn; Glacier; Ice core; Environmental science; Organic matter; Aerosol; Total organic carbon; Holocene; Precipitation; Dissolved organic carbon; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Geology; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Meteorology; Ecology; Geomorphology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Michel Legrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susanne Preunkert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin Jourdain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julien Guilhermet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irina A. Alekhina","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. R. Petit","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0387075338984121,"gpt":0.2524603249673849,"spread":0.2137527910689728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001195402,0.0009399102,0.00194435,0.006120896,0.0002515041,0.0009083378,0.0008412941,0.0006702371,0.002108532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001476079,0.0004228026,0.0008385322,0.005999508,0.0004617762,0.001264064,0.000622579,0.0008029255,0.0006792276],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006139363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001881478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003045163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005410914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996173,0.00005057448,0.0001027646,0.00007852231,0.0001295603,0.00002129513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987393,0.000620175,0.0002501802,0.00002901423,0.0003175682,0.00004391069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007783913,0.00004577131,0.0009032558,0.103157,0.0003923177,0.0002029,0.0001235623,0.0003085746,0.001930013,0.001458152,0.01485684,0.8765439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001778683,0.0001796553,0.008304687,0.02973627,0.001232795,0.001374934,0.0002628438,0.0001214455,0.001512374,0.001146532,0.9560534,0.00005726227],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000129882,0.9994745,0.00003799134,0.00006347855,0.00004909313,0.000002946945,0.00004592351,0.00000237028,0.0001938537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007596795,0.9988729,0.0001263872,0.00006070163,0.00003937969,0.000004243462,0.00004736713,9.939437e-7,0.00008831092],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006120896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007053792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165140980","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-2481-2021","title":"Holocene vegetation transitions and their climatic drivers in MPI-ESM1.2","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; European Commission","keywords":"Northern Hemisphere; Climatology; Holocene; Vegetation (pathology); Orbital forcing; Forcing (mathematics); Precipitation; Climate change; Context (archaeology); Monsoon; Climate model; Environmental science; Geology; Physical geography; Tropical vegetation; Paleoclimatology; Insolation; Geography; Tropics; Oceanography; Ecology; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Anne Dallmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Claußen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephan Lorenz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Sigl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Toohey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ulrike Herzschuh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01599205502770194,"gpt":0.2299908051246381,"spread":0.2139987500969362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006325458,0.0012883,0.0007989751,0.0006994548,0.0007145498,0.0009986089,0.002030001,0.001405283,0.0073727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001795457,0.0005016608,0.001127439,0.00160514,0.0005648187,0.0006149858,0.0006946963,0.001371836,0.001193479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008184559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007281409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02709586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01636187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997378,0.00009033961,0.0000115817,0.00004856855,0.00004600098,0.00006575463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993653,0.0002667547,0.00006199934,0.00009601447,0.0001044152,0.0001057166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003344919,0.0002230399,0.01686534,0.0001692816,0.000282276,0.0003893396,0.0001349265,0.9611528,0.001421757,0.002121777,0.01217002,0.004734936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002274705,0.00005637038,0.01127483,0.00001600952,0.00004544705,0.00003963996,0.00007103438,0.9828348,0.0007320996,0.0009395408,0.003728732,0.00003397836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.940123,0.0004268227,0.008453971,0.0008497097,0.0002637572,0.00008172315,0.02596812,0.005133577,0.01869949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720015,0.0001585789,0.008143681,0.0001342295,0.00005278031,0.0001527805,0.01711821,0.0006338151,0.001604302],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02709586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05387628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149785712","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-1375-2015","title":"Late-glacial to late-Holocene shifts in global precipitation δ <sup>18</sup> O","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Holocene; Glacial period; Geology; δ18O; Precipitation; Climate change; Last Glacial Maximum; Physical geography; Ice core; Oceanography; Stable isotope ratio; Climatology; Paleontology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Scott Jasechko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alex R. Lechler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesco S. R. Pausata","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter J. Fawcett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tom Gleeson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diοni I. Cendón","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Galewsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Risi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Z. D. Sharp","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. M. Welker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Werner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kei Yoshimura","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03247213034634947,"gpt":0.2786387705754915,"spread":0.2461666402291421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002177663,0.0002470672,0.0001572036,0.0006988415,0.0002000652,0.0003865519,0.0001357234,0.0001021411,0.00180084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003558031,0.00007115688,0.0001660356,0.001446219,0.0001557704,0.0002674828,0.0003261256,0.0001749154,0.0003885257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002292093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002411305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00917739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02085462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999216,0.000008987601,0.00001021941,0.00003284514,0.00001343207,0.0000129002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997614,0.00001826976,0.0001128651,0.0000138603,0.00007034769,0.0000232352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009264554,0.00000752486,0.9440925,0.0004032024,0.0002824267,0.00008792374,0.0003378812,0.0003297777,0.006699643,0.0002617633,0.003945657,0.04345914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000284827,0.00001171322,0.9910416,0.0000371927,0.00003666168,0.0000594518,0.000156983,0.00009802888,0.0003908926,0.00009031627,0.008071521,0.000002780459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512264,0.006146884,0.0008789342,0.0004711825,0.0001040424,0.00001144797,0.03442218,0.00009868461,0.006640187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815373,0.002361553,0.0008818111,0.0002637664,0.00006858837,0.00001976347,0.01383186,0.00002108336,0.001014278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00917739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01824796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164248888","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-353-2013","title":"Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; National Institute of Polar Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Korea Polar Research Institute; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Natural Resources Canada; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universiteit Utrecht; European Commission; Office of Polar Programs; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Greenland ice sheet; Ice sheet; Ice core; Future sea level; Interglacial; Climatology; Ice-sheet model; Geology; Proxy (statistics); Cryosphere; Sea ice; Period (music); Paleoclimatology; Forcing (mathematics); Climate change; Oceanography; Physical geography; Ice stream; Glacial period; Geography; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Aurélien Quiquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine Ritz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heinz Jürgen Punge","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Salas y Mélia","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04329659488032733,"gpt":0.2660508185854583,"spread":0.2227542237051309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007035087,0.000639465,0.0004708581,0.0006103092,0.000405591,0.0008566035,0.0007995078,0.0008040391,0.0009624308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007856248,0.0003878973,0.001282501,0.0009712725,0.0003919504,0.0007091907,0.0003765729,0.0005468941,0.000233923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001598059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009540111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08204814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07935899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998684,0.00004743057,0.000007747969,0.00003903896,0.000009101087,0.00002837012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996583,0.0001524442,0.00005721643,0.00004953039,0.00003851828,0.000043956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004935114,0.0003137724,0.2092262,0.0001190108,0.000669466,0.0004645236,0.0001822483,0.7760816,0.00312679,0.001701714,0.001510483,0.006110624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008965973,0.00008331677,0.1349832,0.00002938071,0.0002238803,0.00006864192,0.000110017,0.8613421,0.00107255,0.0006844535,0.001274572,0.0000382677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978041,0.0001305831,0.0005328618,0.00006378531,0.000005796749,0.000005578178,0.0009859065,0.00003490896,0.0004365236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997461,0.0001120816,0.0005846585,0.00001932766,0.000005661368,0.00001454354,0.001542016,0.00002092026,0.0002398754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08204814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1631411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2740754349","doi":"10.5194/cp-14-193-2018","title":"The Ross Sea Dipole – temperature, snow accumulation and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, over the past 2700 years","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; University of California, San Diego; Victoria University; Antarctica New Zealand; Victoria University of Wellington; Major State Basic Research Development Program of China; Sight Research UK; British Antarctic Survey; University of Wisconsin-Madison; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Oceanography; Ice core; Sea ice; Geology; Snow; Climatology; Antarctic sea ice; Climate change; Precipitation; Sea surface temperature; Global warming; Arctic ice pack; Physical geography; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Nancy A. N. Bertler","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Conway","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. Daniel Emanuelsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mai Winstrup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Vallelonga","is_ca":false},{"name":"James E. Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ed J. Brook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey P. Severinghaus","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. J. Fudge","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth D. Keller","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. T. Baisden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard C. A. Hindmarsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter D. Neff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Blunier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ross Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul A. Mayewski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sepp Kipfstuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christo Buizert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silvia Canessa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruzica Dadić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helle Astrid Kjær","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei V. Kurbatov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dongqi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edwin D. Waddington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanni Baccolo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas M. Beers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannah J. Brightley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lionel Carter","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Clemens‐Sewall","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Ciobanu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara Delmonte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lukas Eling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aja Ellis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shruthi Ganesh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas R. Golledge","is_ca":false},{"name":"Skylar Haines","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Handley","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. L. Hawley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chad M. Hogan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katelyn Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena Korotkikh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel P. Lowry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darcy Mandeno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert M. McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. A. Menking","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Naish","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caroline Noerling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agathe Ollive","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anaïs Orsi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernadette C. Proemse","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Pyne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca L. Pyne","is_ca":false},{"name":"James Renwick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reed P. Scherer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefanie Semper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marius Simonsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sharon B. Sneed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric J. Steig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Tuohy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abhijith U. Venugopal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fernando Valero-Delgado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janani Venkatesh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Feitang Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shimeng Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominic Winski","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Holly L. Winton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arran Whiteford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cunde Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiao Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xin Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02372232405579716,"gpt":0.2800352899772667,"spread":0.2563129659214696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002994987,0.0001879054,0.00009764405,0.0005237719,0.0001203907,0.0003090494,0.00008938675,0.0001062931,0.0003953452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003670251,0.00006066164,0.0002013112,0.0006258416,0.0001382318,0.000227577,0.0001906393,0.0001356671,0.0001766178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002852646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002686792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01664669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04184735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999478,0.000007769436,0.000006058222,0.00001421297,0.00001273494,0.00001140215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997583,0.00001412112,0.0001352286,0.00001615475,0.00004677851,0.00002933199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092641,0.000008317344,0.9889614,0.00002922115,0.00011603,0.00006478842,0.0001731881,0.0004166333,0.001440209,0.00009575528,0.000755454,0.007846332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000211043,0.00001197902,0.9983526,0.000003823322,0.00001393602,0.00004892681,0.00007077354,0.0002006173,0.0001354153,0.00002191216,0.001135825,0.000001962012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965206,0.0005367377,0.00009262046,0.00006823617,0.00001030992,0.000002077137,0.002157925,0.00001115924,0.0006002656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970579,0.0003938877,0.0001454944,0.00001785709,0.00001376384,0.000004357777,0.002026304,0.000004512625,0.0003358558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01664669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03309959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791866259","doi":"10.5194/cp-14-825-2018","title":"On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Climatology; Global warming; Environmental science; Climate sensitivity; Greenhouse gas; Climate model; Cloud feedback; Climate change; Orography; Atmospheric sciences; Precipitation; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02510934877563601,"gpt":0.2478259567385674,"spread":0.2227166079629314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00119224,0.0005383,0.0003335588,0.00161014,0.0006255228,0.002053106,0.0007168091,0.0007124936,0.007392804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001968813,0.0003438393,0.0005163011,0.001006291,0.001653429,0.002309554,0.001363355,0.001045957,0.000412533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001905542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007038446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006785432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005386626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99983,0.00003467758,0.000008995396,0.00006250846,0.00002506107,0.00003875114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992787,0.0002074995,0.0002009176,0.00008530475,0.0001578796,0.00006964269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006415138,0.0001369115,0.6883609,0.001270321,0.0008293999,0.002611006,0.004775512,0.02352924,0.05346612,0.1137571,0.002427439,0.1081945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004902062,0.0001463575,0.8734673,0.0002497748,0.0001581663,0.0005574221,0.003333132,0.01105349,0.009251494,0.07280666,0.02884877,0.00007835505],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9116082,0.01187728,0.009575645,0.006462602,0.00007325968,0.00008385906,0.001230978,0.00022558,0.0588626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967573,0.001259991,0.0007780596,0.0002015124,0.00001897282,0.00001359254,0.0001066488,0.00001371324,0.0008500511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007392804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02473134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2270647652","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-51-2016","title":"Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120 kyr","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Tundra; HadCM3; Biosphere; Biome; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Climatology; Vegetation (pathology); Climate change; Global change; Geology; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Arctic; Oceanography; Ecology; Ecosystem; Geography; General Circulation Model","authors":[{"name":"Babette Hoogakker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin S. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joy Singarayer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rob Marchant","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Colin Prentice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Judy R M Allen","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Scott Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shonil Bhagwat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hermann Behling","is_ca":false},{"name":"О. К. Борисова","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark B. Bush","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander Correa‐Metrio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne de Vernal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jemma Finch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bianca Fréchette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Socorro Lozano‐García","is_ca":false},{"name":"William D. Gosling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wojciech Granoszewski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric C. Grimm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eberhard Grüger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer A. Hanselman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandy P. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"Trevor Hill","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Huntley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gonzalo Jiménez‐Moreno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Kershaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐Pierre Ledru","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donatella Magri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Merna McKenzie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Müller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Nakagawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Елена Новенко","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Penny","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Sadori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis Scott","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janelle Stevenson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Valdes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcus J. Vandergoes","is_ca":false},{"name":"А.А. Величко","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cathy Whitlock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Polychronis C. Tzedakis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02332234964093215,"gpt":0.2448832835130249,"spread":0.2215609338720928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003552824,0.000277072,0.0002282665,0.001023681,0.0002218363,0.0006186132,0.0001598945,0.0002955866,0.001184986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006062898,0.0001226914,0.0004954257,0.001463453,0.000223754,0.0005108429,0.0004940195,0.0002572403,0.00027864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007033616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003055982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01686876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01120851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999124,0.00001650158,0.000007687703,0.00003535837,0.00001625887,0.0000118665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998312,0.00002169925,0.00004605365,0.00002412876,0.00005484361,0.00002211561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004004643,0.0000649238,0.8191813,0.0005209359,0.001499124,0.0004488667,0.0005514477,0.07317707,0.01466277,0.004779415,0.007287984,0.07742574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001921378,0.00003616995,0.9706815,0.00003262053,0.0001082956,0.0001505301,0.0001397593,0.00953629,0.001264631,0.001202446,0.01681083,0.0000176253],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9796316,0.002033029,0.001027661,0.0004600007,0.00003588211,0.000005193406,0.01393327,0.0001931526,0.002680245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898694,0.0008241134,0.0005912631,0.00005306783,0.0000155911,0.00001264168,0.008198904,0.0000342712,0.0004007676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01686876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03354114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895374600","doi":"10.5194/cp-15-25-2019","title":"The onset of neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 ka event","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Glacial period; Holocene; Geology; Meltwater; Paleoclimatology; Climatology; Oceanography; Glacier; Climate change; Northern Hemisphere; Physical geography; Paleontology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Áslaug Geirsdóttir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gifford H. Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"John T. Andrews","is_ca":false},{"name":"David J. Harning","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leif S. Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Florian","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. J. Larsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Thórdarson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00834495056170512,"gpt":0.2283673418975783,"spread":0.2200223913358732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002505202,0.0002065508,0.0001141211,0.0006525808,0.0004982777,0.0008056309,0.000163501,0.0002619587,0.002751688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005426562,0.0000838967,0.0001499692,0.0004489387,0.0003176596,0.0004047384,0.0006769874,0.000300563,0.0003298658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00115245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006636211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02797841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05780435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999309,0.00000908083,0.000005147764,0.00001419745,0.00001033781,0.00003032531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999619,0.00003273992,0.0001586589,0.00001399704,0.0000763487,0.00009926222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003573901,0.00003767992,0.9839409,0.00005644727,0.00003345264,0.0003309766,0.0007307816,0.0004439625,0.002253497,0.0005472936,0.002350956,0.008916727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001581967,0.000006264713,0.9987245,0.000006408789,0.000002743744,0.00002555719,0.0001655697,0.00006741453,0.00005983326,0.00002880765,0.0009102039,0.000001090213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937205,0.0002506704,0.00004001621,0.0002394262,0.00003463984,0.000003880782,0.001430919,0.00001021288,0.004269789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972348,0.0001147236,0.0000383733,0.00006197074,0.00003091369,0.000006699494,0.001546783,0.00000547636,0.0009602566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02797841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05563116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107497274","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015","title":"A collection of sub-daily pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period with a focus on the \"year without a summer\" 1816","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Climate Program Office; Biological and Environmental Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Office of Science; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Met Office; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climatology; Period (music); Meteorology; Newspaper; Environmental science; Geography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Yuri Brugnara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Renate Auchmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Brönnimann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rob Allan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ingeborg Auer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mariano Barriendos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans Bergström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonas Bhend","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rudolf Brázdil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilbert P. Compo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Cornes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fernando Domínguez‐Castro","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. F. V. van Engelen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janusz Filipiak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jari Holopainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Jourdain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Kunz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jürg Luterbacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maurizio Maugeri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luca Mercalli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders Moberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cary J. Mock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Georges Pichard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ladislava Řezníčková","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerard van der Schrier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victoria Slonosky","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zbigniew Ustrnul","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. A. Valente","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agnieszka Wypych","is_ca":false},{"name":"X. Yin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03188317465114937,"gpt":0.2287176601415601,"spread":0.1968344854904108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005479343,0.0005018952,0.000460958,0.00522281,0.0004594239,0.0006153859,0.0004649442,0.0003928707,0.003852561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001149763,0.0001928944,0.0003742281,0.006957497,0.0002129068,0.0005951256,0.0007174884,0.0003846669,0.002458859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002087839,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006883049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004125273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009826408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994779,0.00004819221,0.00008153269,0.000143321,0.0002044361,0.00004461415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977459,0.0002320687,0.0003759495,0.0004350815,0.001029347,0.0001816078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008138771,0.0005448439,0.4108014,0.001770485,0.0003507503,0.001780015,0.00352156,0.003355225,0.05238971,0.001153783,0.08263912,0.4408792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001725318,0.0001132186,0.9276251,0.0000697159,0.00004853554,0.0002517449,0.0004473664,0.0007902246,0.003643994,0.000119081,0.06684453,0.00002927136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"dataset","genre_scores_codex":[0.5740048,0.001239926,0.01486215,0.0001824959,0.0004374949,0.0007695516,0.3842314,0.001366192,0.02290589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.390271,0.001674865,0.05418705,0.0001234445,0.0006462731,0.001601745,0.5368549,0.0005167959,0.01412391],"genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00522281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01288807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976593895","doi":"10.5194/cp-10-537-2014","title":"Changing correlation structures of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation from 1000 to 2100 AD","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Teleconnection; Northern Hemisphere; Climatology; Atmospheric circulation; North Atlantic oscillation; Forcing (mathematics); Common spatial pattern; Geology; Siberian High; Precipitation; Southern Hemisphere; Geography; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; El Niño Southern Oscillation","authors":[{"name":"Christoph C. Raible","is_ca":false},{"name":"Flavio Lehner","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Fidel González‐Rouco","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Fernández-Donado","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008987762745727233,"gpt":0.2118024322254441,"spread":0.2028146694797169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002348616,0.0001132502,0.00008423065,0.0004318659,0.0002006968,0.0005131351,0.0001217314,0.0001408545,0.0009028057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007436398,0.00008252793,0.0002534266,0.0004981706,0.0001758113,0.0002536168,0.000188592,0.0001844804,0.0001210442],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006408097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003655095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04138444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03898041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999617,0.000006520593,0.000002640129,0.0000148367,0.00000714197,0.000007155183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998353,0.00003754828,0.00004375702,0.00001728838,0.00004643275,0.00001964343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001100325,0.00002738514,0.9617314,0.00003002895,0.0001684943,0.000114542,0.0001613644,0.02193624,0.002516303,0.001615163,0.0015198,0.01006925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006190701,0.00001418956,0.979888,0.000008428279,0.00001862858,0.00002662289,0.00006676724,0.01814967,0.0003648382,0.0003690184,0.001080099,0.000007595733],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976225,0.0001186386,0.0002271601,0.00008429344,0.00001099865,0.000001744776,0.0008466744,0.00001623199,0.001071794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999027,0.00006701477,0.0001019566,0.000006792526,0.000004393304,0.000002214264,0.0006230737,0.000002109885,0.0001654504],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04138444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08228713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093391580","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-529-2021","title":"Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; NordForsk; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Sight Research UK","keywords":"North Atlantic Deep Water; Climatology; Thermohaline circulation; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation; Geology; Climate model; Oceanography; Ocean current; Interglacial; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Atlantic Equatorial mode; Sea surface temperature; Climate change; Glacial period; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangyu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Odd Helge Otterå","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camille Contoux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilles Ramstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ran Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michiel Baatsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna S. von der Heydt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia E. Weiffenbach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Chandler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda E. Sohl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia C. Tindall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles J. R. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Lunt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wing‐Le Chan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01975231483881715,"gpt":0.2500222459288803,"spread":0.2302699310900631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003975523,0.001146024,0.0004518474,0.0003525409,0.0004786784,0.0007399149,0.001041183,0.001196965,0.00276059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007659704,0.0004016165,0.000794863,0.0007237521,0.0004045476,0.0005947109,0.0005695272,0.001057756,0.0005308925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001227382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000994674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05092894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02544279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999887,0.00002490492,0.000004471896,0.00003409105,0.00001643931,0.00003296412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997649,0.00004574307,0.00002941291,0.00003861154,0.00005252406,0.00006882936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006858435,0.0002730181,0.07413044,0.00008648118,0.0003650952,0.0006564266,0.000147159,0.9063039,0.004998359,0.001182571,0.006853322,0.004317349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007927028,0.0001506259,0.0613693,0.00002172564,0.00007886795,0.00006467084,0.0001193835,0.9323027,0.002366886,0.0005312021,0.002168016,0.00003387639],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887872,0.00006121243,0.0006737044,0.000346898,0.00003458848,0.00002198486,0.005266306,0.0003203792,0.004487769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927506,0.00004750516,0.0007036289,0.00007817256,0.0000157949,0.00004474374,0.00567193,0.00006732075,0.0006202333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05092894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.101265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3178661537","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021","title":"The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"European Research Council; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Commission; Past Global Changes","keywords":"Forcing (mathematics); Volcano; Climatology; Northern Hemisphere; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Southern Hemisphere; Ice core; Vulcanian eruption; Climate model; Radiative forcing; Boreal; Environmental science; Climate change; Oceanography; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Claudia Timmreck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Toohey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Davide Zanchettin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Brönnimann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elin Lundstad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rob Wilson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02056146730850097,"gpt":0.2478444203999625,"spread":0.2272829530914615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004591061,0.0002196418,0.0003777436,0.0003731353,0.0009445205,0.0007511657,0.0003858469,0.0006803711,0.001389531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009902465,0.0001545092,0.0004416719,0.0003936782,0.0006619718,0.000480737,0.0004900937,0.0005481209,0.0001265529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009879731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003342009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02249748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02113986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999826,0.00004439096,0.00000628347,0.00004179158,0.00002016054,0.00006141037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997281,0.00007943451,0.00006244562,0.00003356528,0.00002737124,0.00006895955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002244466,0.0005234462,0.7834525,0.0001242285,0.0003542338,0.01212338,0.001178117,0.1569948,0.01487747,0.0097688,0.004288676,0.01406994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004209165,0.0007711017,0.7561777,0.00003712452,0.0002541766,0.002496765,0.002678565,0.2179102,0.008810929,0.004727861,0.005605732,0.0001089162],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997815,0.00003996529,0.0002266422,0.0002226291,0.000009179016,0.000005602021,0.0002286983,0.00001692448,0.001435318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996867,0.0000149688,0.00006453482,0.00002057629,0.000008568938,0.000002025152,0.0001226781,0.000002509018,0.00007749269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02249748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04473305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200197529","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-2537-2021","title":"Evaluating the large-scale hydrological cycle response within the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Intertropical Convergence Zone; Hadley cell; Climatology; Subtropical ridge; Coupled model intercomparison project; Subtropics; Atmospheric circulation; Environmental science; Northern Hemisphere; Water cycle; Tropics; Walker circulation; Geology; Atmospheric sciences; Precipitation; Convergence zone; Climate model; Climate change; General Circulation Model; Sea surface temperature; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Zixuan Han","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiong Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ran Feng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Haywood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia C. Tindall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther C. Brady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nan Rosenbloom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongshi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiangyu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuncheng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kerim H. Nisancioglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Stepanek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerrit Lohmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda E. Sohl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Chandler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilles Ramstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michiel Baatsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna S. von der Heydt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. R. Peltier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles J. R. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Lunt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianbo Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qin Wen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalie Burls","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07437489212958631,"gpt":0.3590213388094305,"spread":0.2846464466798442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001815847,0.0008512289,0.0006322622,0.0003385999,0.0004544721,0.0004984221,0.0008892425,0.0007408667,0.00128246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002467212,0.0003207093,0.0009421499,0.0005231166,0.0002202178,0.0007128352,0.0005798963,0.0008228606,0.0001835226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006318532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009555626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03047604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02793594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996805,0.0001575303,0.00001569232,0.0000703693,0.00004199924,0.00003390929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999149,0.0003412536,0.0000867143,0.0001500964,0.0001927646,0.00008025653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003833862,0.0002173991,0.09086319,0.00006929303,0.00128934,0.0001545329,0.00005023078,0.8868701,0.003727232,0.0006584997,0.004999166,0.01071759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001898411,0.0001233761,0.0355792,0.00000800325,0.0001121054,0.00001903365,0.00003378052,0.9611364,0.001202637,0.0003721537,0.001202132,0.00002137858],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850996,0.0001960269,0.005642642,0.0003369257,0.00007666652,0.00005220799,0.006562134,0.0004149211,0.001618798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816352,0.00006910301,0.005365115,0.0001248287,0.00004345324,0.0001190609,0.01219991,0.00008743057,0.0003558571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03047604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0605973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141317757","doi":"10.5194/cp-3-97-2007","title":"Low-frequency oscillations of the Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation in a coupled climate model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Thermohaline circulation; Climatology; Ocean current; Oceanography; Geology; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation; North Atlantic Deep Water; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Holocene; Climate model; Ocean dynamics; Boundary current; Perturbation (astronomy); General Circulation Model; Climate change; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Schulz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthias Prange","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Klocker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01824750591939447,"gpt":0.245863876227321,"spread":0.2276163703079265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003366141,0.0004020741,0.0004958707,0.0002724119,0.0004877776,0.001371316,0.0007172357,0.001027407,0.0009924703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00123696,0.0003633297,0.0006031955,0.0003238703,0.0007694594,0.0008333307,0.0006764276,0.0006378772,0.0001208239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00125297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009306135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03448499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0173827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999882,0.0000466797,0.000006987649,0.00002992094,0.00001463949,0.00001965794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996772,0.0001411464,0.00006158373,0.00002786129,0.00004027067,0.0000519167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005765697,0.00001908639,0.002214257,0.000008010662,0.00003398492,0.00003973881,0.00002537491,0.9938396,0.0006163187,0.002549418,0.0001327543,0.0004638396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002044865,0.0000111493,0.0006251694,0.000001264941,0.000009773713,0.000003212322,0.000006724053,0.9985051,0.00004360801,0.0006876178,0.00008122496,0.00000476956],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.965084,0.0001450842,0.02791796,0.0005958444,0.0000508164,0.00002483343,0.0006660114,0.0001669727,0.005348444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967903,0.00006601513,0.001819184,0.00003714775,0.00000976662,0.00003054848,0.0001494525,0.00001581703,0.001081747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03448499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06856853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170433255","doi":"10.5194/cp-9-955-2013","title":"Model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing at 8.2 ka","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Goddard Institute for Space Studies; European Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climatology; Northern Hemisphere; Intertropical Convergence Zone; Forcing (mathematics); Climate model; Geology; Holocene; Paleoclimatology; Proxy (statistics); Oceanography; Climate change; Geography; Precipitation","authors":[{"name":"Carrie Morrill","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allegra N. LeGrande","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Renssen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pepijn Bakker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02269412585148773,"gpt":0.2268862323070929,"spread":0.2041921064556051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009148041,0.0006141997,0.0006029305,0.0003456332,0.0005931499,0.0009457046,0.0009410121,0.001018231,0.001615107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002702671,0.0004234191,0.00104668,0.0003189943,0.0004942844,0.0007037746,0.0006308096,0.0009400737,0.0001638486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001409557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009788298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05839641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03355022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997641,0.00007631801,0.0000165318,0.00005603185,0.0000254709,0.00006141969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993272,0.0002672767,0.00007832333,0.00009162219,0.0001364699,0.00009911342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003438114,0.0001172121,0.04104458,0.00002614296,0.0002523013,0.0001171634,0.0000481954,0.9526171,0.002868412,0.0004539212,0.0004939908,0.001617156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001993566,0.0001484783,0.02542799,0.00001120698,0.000112425,0.00003335004,0.00007596498,0.9709533,0.002013962,0.0004624736,0.0005156671,0.00004598919],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964536,0.00003983984,0.0007177873,0.0001497494,0.00003161832,0.00001438496,0.0004715323,0.00007466174,0.002046752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991201,0.00001382359,0.000293411,0.00003945689,0.000003976012,0.00001506499,0.0003201907,0.00001721217,0.0001768666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05839641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.116113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558979028","doi":"10.5194/cp-13-303-2017","title":"The 3.6 ka Aniakchak tephra in the Arctic Ocean: a constraint on the Holocene radiocarbon reservoir age in the Chukchi Sea","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geological Studies and Exploration","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tephra; Radiocarbon dating; Holocene; Geology; Arctic; Oceanography; The arctic; Volcano; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Christof Pearce","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aron Varhelyi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Wastegård","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesco Muschitiello","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natalia Barrientos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matt O’Regan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas M. Cronin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Gemery","is_ca":false},{"name":"Igor Semiletov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Backman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Jakobsson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04045822792130277,"gpt":0.2370018323261137,"spread":0.1965436044048109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001714432,0.0002134245,0.0001187501,0.0007080943,0.0008126577,0.0006946695,0.0002051956,0.0001757845,0.0006036665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003525587,0.0001688249,0.0001126383,0.0008204905,0.0002547192,0.000210314,0.0003848622,0.0001895324,0.0001178077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007580865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008553063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1688089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4149029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999002,0.000009207185,0.000006325791,0.00002797548,0.00001741826,0.00003889701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996532,0.00003455202,0.0001028752,0.00001678005,0.0001176761,0.00007494685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001132067,0.0000147323,0.9855084,0.00002294492,0.0000369449,0.0001382977,0.0007118579,0.0001712231,0.008346903,0.00006620252,0.000102686,0.004766597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.412657e-7,0.000005467053,0.999063,0.000004816557,0.000006436813,0.00002480222,0.0002833439,0.0001968342,0.0001849829,0.000004274561,0.0002238677,0.000001551824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992582,0.00009177817,0.00003451789,0.000012469,0.000001576854,0.000001056658,0.0001804749,0.000001849659,0.0004179692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994061,0.00006990298,0.0000688061,0.000006499671,0.000001347218,0.000002007595,0.0002530609,0.000001746889,0.0001905488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1688089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3356527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2302265924","doi":"10.5194/cp-12-1933-2016","title":"How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico; National Institute of Polar Research; Norges Forskningsråd; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Sight Research UK; University of Bristol; Korea Polar Research Institute; Office of Polar Programs; European Research Council; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Natural Resources Canada; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Supercomputing Centre Singapore; European Commission; University of Bern; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Greenland ice sheet; Ice core; Eemian; Ice sheet; Interglacial; Climatology; Ice-sheet model; Geology; Cryosphere; Ice stream; Future sea level; Physical geography; Glacial period; Oceanography; Sea ice; Geography; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Amaëlle Landais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valérie Masson‐Delmotte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Émilie Capron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petra M. Langebroek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pepijn Bakker","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. J. Stone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niklaus Merz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoph C. Raible","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubertus Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anaïs Orsi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frédéric Prié","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bo Vinther","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorthe Dahl‐Jensen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01409171896943455,"gpt":0.2211647576558167,"spread":0.2070730386863821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004674664,0.0001431041,0.0001526325,0.0005283845,0.0005229678,0.0009659533,0.0001491099,0.000211139,0.000860637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005954978,0.00005354017,0.0001355826,0.000827104,0.001009614,0.0008788866,0.000504771,0.0003387015,0.0001048447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001645964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005318439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03262708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06885881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998804,0.00002110404,0.000005414304,0.0000384608,0.00001235609,0.00004217716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998015,0.00002177217,0.00006735266,0.00001944157,0.00004035088,0.00004965719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001673354,0.00001458334,0.933264,0.0001287862,0.0002914207,0.0005228759,0.004928439,0.0009640373,0.006378273,0.00367392,0.002511051,0.0471554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.398699e-7,0.000007695456,0.9923136,0.00002900753,0.00001444195,0.0000457904,0.001280823,0.00009190133,0.0002214675,0.0005161575,0.005474013,0.000004192575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910396,0.002634273,0.0001843781,0.002158144,0.0000586662,0.000002204203,0.0006522876,0.000009828784,0.003260561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989247,0.0004688442,0.00004965535,0.0002058398,0.00001813421,0.00000118852,0.0001649863,0.000004452926,0.000162341],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03262708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06487435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147452347","doi":"10.5194/cp-8-403-2012","title":"Little Ice Age advance and retreat of Glaciar Jorge Montt, Chilean Patagonia","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Washington; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Glacier; Geology; Fjord; Tidewater glacier cycle; Physical geography; Tidewater; Ice field; Radiocarbon dating; Bathymetry; Oceanography; Geography; Ice calving; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Andrés Rivera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michèle Koppes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Claudio Bravo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan Carlos Aravena","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01360529926062513,"gpt":0.2372756033159681,"spread":0.2236703040553429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001637379,0.0001295449,0.0001006486,0.0006086859,0.0002413246,0.0006638782,0.0001685107,0.0001688573,0.002714026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006503831,0.00007951226,0.0001501058,0.0007296535,0.0002151512,0.0002188299,0.0003252584,0.0002294487,0.0002642482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006745732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003474471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06969337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1283239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999453,0.000009043314,0.000003204802,0.00001787892,0.000007458376,0.00001703479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.00003915318,0.0001603954,0.00001641629,0.00005789143,0.00005737308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001926444,0.00002420815,0.988829,0.00004749849,0.00007320163,0.0004216495,0.0008960414,0.0001957879,0.0008473867,0.0001193981,0.001357948,0.006995355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002112958,0.000004485016,0.9990595,0.000004834608,0.00000290057,0.0000268644,0.0002430641,0.00003029756,0.00001308955,0.00001112966,0.0006006917,9.612844e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948748,0.000543543,0.00003198682,0.0002255308,0.000008203302,0.000005576051,0.001441619,0.000007852139,0.002860944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977831,0.000247236,0.00003148635,0.000030192,0.00000924952,0.000006475206,0.001040563,0.000004094852,0.0008475652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06969337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1385754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}