{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":27,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":27,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"edf9ebea6585","filters":{"venue":"Cognitive Psychology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2143177887","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.06.001","title":"Intuition, reason, and metacognition","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":694,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Metacognition; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Intuition; Metamemory; Feeling; Task (project management); Fluency; Cognition; Social psychology; Cognitive science; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.511818764827479,"gpt":0.4999096014207356,"spread":0.01190916340674342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001399579,0.0001443743,0.0002748338,0.0003284467,0.0001256021,0.00007924783,0.0002659431,0.0001387086,0.002932739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002035429,0.0001169226,0.00007681346,0.0003338499,0.0003494639,0.0003041537,0.00009695457,0.000160107,0.002423787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008699077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001695672,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009807197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001812023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981381,0.0002272594,0.0005023936,0.0006790049,0.0002306284,0.0002226148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99812,0.0006883022,0.0002169093,0.000295647,0.0005467806,0.0001323342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001312903,0.0001284545,0.009565426,4.944856e-7,0.00001348418,0.00002407923,0.000601219,1.214383e-8,0.0001027456,0.0009171009,0.003140107,0.9853756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007424172,0.0002790076,0.2076563,0.00002038353,0.00004862892,0.0001478435,0.0007786972,0.000012552,0.0003739098,0.7837989,0.00593776,0.0002035855],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8878378,0.0001770862,0.0189832,0.0002014803,0.0006483686,0.0001372706,0.00003913291,0.00004710475,0.09192858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964789,0.0000632939,0.001284682,0.001858057,0.00006689907,0.00002318966,0.000009637178,0.00001262421,0.0002026899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.985172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W621487820","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.05.001","title":"What makes us think? A three-stage dual-process model of analytic engagement","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":483,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cued speech; Decoupling (probability); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5084308370774361,"gpt":0.5253165416008257,"spread":0.01688570452338967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003715711,0.0002347576,0.0005851687,0.000482761,0.00009617887,0.0002274514,0.0007054603,0.0001779481,0.0004830576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002619438,0.0001848719,0.0001742314,0.000573158,0.0003980492,0.0006794943,0.0001981993,0.0002895583,0.0008484448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003669123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001549165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009288997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008606641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968218,0.0002496136,0.000925327,0.0008765045,0.000766675,0.0003601042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963493,0.0009707721,0.0005235612,0.0006927032,0.001239672,0.0002239381],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001060278,0.001166853,0.02874513,0.0000124791,0.0001370441,0.0001505998,0.009650537,0.005425521,0.0004049279,0.0008983339,0.007795307,0.944553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004133555,0.0009883128,0.0126589,0.0001707108,0.0001863484,0.00004265042,0.02857761,0.06601157,0.0006955147,0.8835312,0.002237531,0.0007661076],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9627094,0.0002870713,0.02189129,0.0005103546,0.001325331,0.0002541389,0.00007977142,0.00003807282,0.01290456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965498,0.00004293477,0.0007069712,0.001585918,0.00005746789,0.00001925949,0.000009238297,0.00002074674,0.001007673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9437869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103808064","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.07.001","title":"Finding one’s meaning: A test of the relation between quantifiers and integers in language development☆","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":306,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meaning (existential); Relation (database); Linguistics; Test (biology); Psychology; Development (topology); Mathematics; Computer science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1102854591088413,"gpt":0.3674814528188267,"spread":0.2571959937099854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003325065,0.0001338236,0.0002817029,0.0001343784,0.00009848092,0.000004961454,0.0001105238,0.00009874546,0.00006419593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002986852,0.0001058022,0.00003933248,0.0002741961,0.0002857237,0.00006568921,0.0000954983,0.0002252457,0.00003219774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003090193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003826182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006629308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004396171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989074,0.00008644105,0.0003972772,0.0002431964,0.0001624374,0.000203265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974918,0.002127151,0.000161982,0.00009994081,0.00007385403,0.00004520888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008149288,0.0006732572,0.9159209,0.0001716367,0.0001577729,0.00004710685,0.04239529,2.790885e-8,0.005425827,0.006942316,0.0002598494,0.02792452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001067459,0.00005659732,0.9404261,0.0005363117,0.0000291135,0.00003071504,0.001826906,0.000002494743,0.01306705,0.04275919,0.00001823828,0.0001797879],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771406,0.00004255939,0.001805118,0.0001527694,0.00004325108,0.000302664,0.000006618412,0.00002953981,0.02047685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959396,0.00001107885,0.00368278,0.0001462054,0.00001656845,0.00001661345,0.000004237838,0.0000193772,0.0001635745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04056838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.431449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143191307","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.07.002","title":"The relations between children’s communicative perspective-taking and executive functioning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":285,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Comprehension; Perspective-taking; Inhibitory control; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Flexibility (engineering); Cognitive flexibility; Task (project management); Executive functions; Control (management); Developmental psychology; Working memory; Linguistics; Social psychology; Empathy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05796548876664552,"gpt":0.3602306951610532,"spread":0.3022652063944076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003457413,0.0001969573,0.0002272037,0.0001061688,0.001831441,0.00002450631,0.0002025307,0.0001366444,0.0003608358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004294126,0.0001605399,0.00006974077,0.0002369317,0.001065094,0.00006655869,0.0001254993,0.0007411414,0.0004645197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000559449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003432791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000076324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001642737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981963,0.0005329915,0.0002638971,0.0005275195,0.0001097912,0.0003694734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997807,0.001350348,0.0002529663,0.0002811462,0.0002225288,0.00008600115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001653274,0.00009272596,0.931019,5.469648e-7,0.0004935887,0.00001329191,0.02063743,1.466162e-7,0.00001690807,0.02895689,0.0032184,0.01538572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001071264,0.000196142,0.9851981,0.00002951068,0.00004941053,0.0002046451,0.006316423,7.994696e-7,0.000004595574,0.001843828,0.004889807,0.000195489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6270816,0.003745824,0.001620323,0.002945501,0.0003087079,0.0003737293,0.00002452112,0.0001163354,0.3637835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960176,0.0001988099,0.0001738626,0.0007380789,0.0002019101,0.0000761594,0.00002967698,0.00002718321,0.002536719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3689361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077870071","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.03.001","title":"Direct lexical control of eye movements in reading: Evidence from a survival analysis of fixation durations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; General Electric (Canada)","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Fixation (population genetics); Eye movement; Word lists by frequency; Psychology; Fixation time; Eye tracking; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Audiology; Speech recognition; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Population; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06502420408107573,"gpt":0.4111665289427572,"spread":0.3461423248616814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007251588,0.0001390294,0.0005392284,0.0005735889,0.00002572847,0.000004908015,0.0001302465,0.0001412867,0.001253929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005507326,0.000135219,0.0001242421,0.0008725687,0.0001305629,0.0001352945,0.00001932481,0.0001321717,0.00006218679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003094043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001770922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004171149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005769384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979204,0.000628597,0.0006500512,0.0003376832,0.000166511,0.0002967616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977872,0.001374056,0.0003395415,0.0002412435,0.0001842918,0.0000736948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005133199,0.0006131955,0.9770308,0.00000466715,0.001328503,0.000003293122,0.01058189,0.000004433642,0.005209233,0.0003705758,0.0001181041,0.004222009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001285028,0.00009147266,0.9963844,0.00008845044,0.0003175863,5.512136e-7,0.0006605392,0.00006287229,0.0007647449,0.00009664972,0.0001278605,0.0001198416],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640914,0.0004817249,0.01699902,0.0001388487,0.0006745702,0.000234272,0.0001645722,0.00001490168,0.01720067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989038,0.00002808006,0.0001535573,0.0002646896,0.00006005872,0.00008656138,0.0001337085,0.00001034601,0.0003591772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03481241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168614750","doi":"10.1016/s0010-0285(02)00005-1","title":"Developments in young infants' reasoning about occluded objects","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Object (grammar); Object permanence; Cognitive development; Psychology; Occlusion; Event (particle physics); Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Cognition; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03135021096849552,"gpt":0.3346793893219285,"spread":0.303329178353433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003722176,0.0003102975,0.0003893384,0.0003870651,0.0001401557,0.00003033612,0.0002559538,0.0002624721,0.005198116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002880471,0.0003263718,0.00007360733,0.0003719982,0.0001585369,0.00008834153,0.00008677008,0.0006151891,0.005765632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006217547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002204313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006504036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002086541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973433,0.0002896097,0.0004947692,0.0008871129,0.0001871998,0.0007980051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991704,0.0001810665,0.0001590839,0.0002507322,0.0000982953,0.0001404479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003332537,0.0007043926,0.8669627,0.00001043558,0.0001903668,0.0005395696,0.02459719,3.21233e-7,0.0003280343,0.002097095,0.00663645,0.09760019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003123912,0.0001371597,0.985512,0.0001761848,0.00001409709,0.0002098213,0.0008031678,0.000005780165,0.00004509922,0.0001016884,0.009461282,0.0004097643],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4507031,0.0007786389,0.00009211455,0.0001424883,0.000966666,0.0002479419,0.000009692511,0.0001021875,0.5469571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919346,0.0001128291,0.0005238125,0.002606912,0.0001457366,0.000105728,0.00004307553,0.00004731074,0.004480002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5424771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908121483","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2018.12.002","title":"Relations between numerical, spatial, and executive function skills and mathematics achievement: A latent-variable approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Latent variable; Structural equation modeling; Spatial ability; Mediation; Confirmatory factor analysis; Set (abstract data type); Test (biology); Spatial relation; Mathematics; Mathematics education; Psychology; Cognition; Computer science; Statistics; Biology; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02821038671782486,"gpt":0.3048509665510555,"spread":0.2766405798332306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004244514,0.0003165561,0.0005676087,0.0001493907,0.0001653285,0.00005481385,0.0000962119,0.000209491,0.0004530073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005949811,0.0002790429,0.00005876275,0.0002560118,0.0002109347,0.0001830307,0.0001843327,0.0003159625,0.0004356801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002900414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000232123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008659415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001687338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981336,0.000126948,0.0004965158,0.0006181723,0.0002331617,0.0003916088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974262,0.00180539,0.0002228629,0.0001969887,0.0001779167,0.0001706037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049404,0.0117369,0.5510599,0.001940694,0.003151077,0.00003562803,0.0103336,5.591805e-7,0.002415836,0.3455282,0.007444771,0.06585882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003614715,0.0007140098,0.2153008,0.0004335121,0.0004959099,0.00006955121,0.001073958,0.0001462658,0.0002210867,0.7765472,0.0006613571,0.0007217106],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5155499,0.0001530148,0.4110372,0.0002917495,0.0001335272,0.001500464,0.00007097763,0.0001920859,0.07107107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9532076,0.00003827244,0.04416364,0.0005930551,0.00007221835,0.0001055294,0.00005536942,0.00006763018,0.00169672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4376577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166622580","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.06.003","title":"Win-Stay, Lose-Sample: A simple sequential algorithm for approximating Bayesian inference","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bayesian inference; Inference; Bayesian probability; Causal inference; Simple (philosophy); Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Bayesian statistics; Computer science; Sample (material); Cognition; Bayesian network; Algorithm; Psychology; Mathematics; Econometrics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04510515411885032,"gpt":0.3822291281749095,"spread":0.3371239740560592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006882456,0.0003237808,0.000446565,0.0001661057,0.0002678783,0.00004867366,0.0002768589,0.0002464759,0.002053027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009953256,0.0003273613,0.0001506371,0.0002205714,0.000236734,0.00006873953,0.00008766964,0.0003941846,0.0004497844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002949423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004321466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004067813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001567615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973059,0.0003285582,0.0005094315,0.0009391038,0.000154547,0.0007624092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975736,0.001484969,0.0002501448,0.0002982452,0.0002253407,0.0001676713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002001549,0.0003313313,0.00808813,0.00002482124,0.0002149441,0.00001279069,0.002046147,6.620302e-7,0.0003140045,0.01276447,0.002875673,0.9731269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02286766,0.005382217,0.4393674,0.0003851691,0.0004458572,0.0002911538,0.003580824,0.0115831,0.0008170308,0.1153097,0.3965052,0.003464595],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02384112,0.00007066351,0.935436,0.000382686,0.001023524,0.0006520236,0.0001656974,0.0001895173,0.03823882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9465724,0.000005255601,0.0472179,0.003990531,0.0008685388,0.0003297972,0.0003784146,0.00007231558,0.0005648894],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9696622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999852774","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.02.001","title":"Twenty four-month-old infants’ interpretations of novel verbs and nouns in dynamic scenes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BC Innovation Council","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Verb; Construals; Noun; Object (grammar); Psychology; Linguistics; Animacy; Natural (archaeology); Grammatical category; Event (particle physics); Cognitive psychology; Modal verb; Construal level theory; History; Social psychology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02672257404628848,"gpt":0.3507544811712936,"spread":0.3240319071250051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002131231,0.0001732002,0.0003077203,0.0002750122,0.00004664964,0.000009900875,0.0001242537,0.000143425,0.0002874733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001554058,0.0001756834,0.00005389956,0.0002451607,0.000190066,0.00005832572,0.00003169689,0.0002907894,0.00006376715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001898615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001965219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002785394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000713929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986672,0.0001023673,0.0003677765,0.0004790488,0.00008361759,0.0002999898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993286,0.000212295,0.0001391102,0.0001670979,0.00008782164,0.00006505961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002239198,0.00336343,0.4978562,0.00003632528,0.0003210873,0.0001416137,0.02472903,0.000005066177,0.01594818,0.01177226,0.0008179715,0.4427696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002918293,0.0004999448,0.9944398,0.0001530184,0.000022456,0.00005817083,0.0005392988,0.00006183569,0.000026871,0.0006163927,0.0004808829,0.0001830824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957927,0.0005204675,0.001912605,0.0009784822,0.0004207084,0.0002506081,0.00003758252,0.00003483389,0.03791764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968103,0.00007206404,0.0004852818,0.002138673,0.00002940355,0.00001863873,0.00002739892,0.00001398408,0.0004043217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4965836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7164163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549527009","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.11.002","title":"To infinity and beyond: Children generalize the successor function to all possible numbers years after learning to count","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Successor cardinal; Function (biology); Concept learning; Psychology; Mathematics; Arithmetic; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02589189562987563,"gpt":0.3345148018645328,"spread":0.3086229062346571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004358698,0.0002254654,0.0002760183,0.0001333678,0.000106538,0.00005377152,0.0001579809,0.00009516574,0.0008074195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001290076,0.0001446793,0.00005668559,0.000247411,0.00009819742,0.00009428476,0.0002410143,0.000159912,0.002250166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000429406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001756487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002435479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001306459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984054,0.0001465544,0.0002917536,0.000501636,0.0002298822,0.000424806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984413,0.000838579,0.00006597019,0.000180763,0.000185098,0.0002883387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00689921,0.001797086,0.2182508,0.0001121081,0.00165115,0.0001679038,0.02906931,0.000001277686,0.01077576,0.01776389,0.1562771,0.5572343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001873323,0.0009631741,0.8919965,0.000248387,0.0001358286,0.00006709738,0.0005248924,6.95043e-7,0.0007775215,0.09191301,0.01087207,0.0006275225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9707333,0.00002819496,0.01101869,0.005614325,0.0001715779,0.0008998656,0.00004019557,0.0001269206,0.01136686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9658952,0.0000159185,0.003039475,0.02887153,0.0001287735,0.0002835928,0.000004740023,0.00004934136,0.001711486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6737456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951513593","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.11.002","title":"Compositional inductive biases in function learning","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Inductive bias; Computer science; Predictability; Artificial intelligence; Property (philosophy); Cognition; Prior probability; Numerosity adaptation effect; Natural language processing; Machine learning; Cognitive psychology; Bayesian probability; Multi-task learning; Psychology; Mathematics; Statistics; Task (project management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3245244709197464,"gpt":0.5116112390370984,"spread":0.187086768117352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003447995,0.00009451213,0.0001103827,0.0002668842,0.0007236807,0.0001133542,0.0002670406,0.00006304709,0.0008293051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00483997,0.00009496453,0.00003491388,0.0002025817,0.0008284185,0.0004236146,0.00009312585,0.000411912,0.0008755107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002719626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007033768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002909708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002293451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984781,0.0002887125,0.0001355863,0.0005253673,0.0002159059,0.0003563851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988021,0.0006766254,0.0001086154,0.0001556998,0.0001724932,0.0000844698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007709741,0.0008567259,0.2817487,0.000006753679,0.00001098007,0.0001108386,0.0009599149,0.000005704367,0.4810338,0.002419167,0.0007582668,0.2313183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009136755,0.000267644,0.9680234,0.00005266674,0.000004310704,0.00002678559,0.000764902,0.00006560397,0.02510054,0.003449221,0.001192314,0.0001389453],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.901089,0.00001094676,0.0004654481,0.001740161,0.0005228026,0.0001698612,0.000009235579,0.00002328796,0.09596933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972332,0.00003120897,0.00001320068,0.001880224,0.0001348347,0.00006808449,0.000008495847,0.000007597117,0.0006231733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6862747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460541753","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.06.003","title":"Numerical morphology supports early number word learning: Evidence from a comparison of young Mandarin and English learners","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Plural; Meaning (existential); Linguistics; Psychology; Word (group theory); Language acquisition; Noun; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05359356591958332,"gpt":0.3793682415553832,"spread":0.3257746756357999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003667487,0.0002763438,0.0007066753,0.00008638718,0.00007917086,0.00002058657,0.0001694303,0.0002126067,0.002423862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005644044,0.0002055763,0.00009677203,0.000164941,0.0006330465,0.0001736526,0.0001633756,0.000328591,0.0003819097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002765547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003001208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004869061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001691932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977642,0.0003125682,0.000607417,0.0006261626,0.0002658164,0.000423893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943132,0.004684577,0.000307143,0.0001846106,0.0003367811,0.0001736787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005923716,0.0005333755,0.9296356,0.00004318938,0.0001963425,0.00009127372,0.006660568,1.586648e-8,0.002338687,0.001009072,0.001565294,0.05733421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004330045,0.0009931843,0.7916147,0.001662619,0.0002628953,0.0001398123,0.002914548,0.000006497063,0.01316724,0.1836379,0.000404063,0.0008664918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9732996,0.0001167517,0.01627588,0.0003139533,0.0002289094,0.000292449,0.00001806308,0.000122288,0.009332144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960551,0.0000774645,0.003026257,0.0001386924,0.00008566314,0.00004180337,0.000005158178,0.00004595815,0.000523918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1826289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1938224621","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.08.006","title":"Why is number word learning hard? Evidence from bilingual learners","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"James S. McDonnell Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cardinality (data modeling); Successor cardinal; Word (group theory); Language acquisition; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Computer science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1599635451427694,"gpt":0.4193026730763745,"spread":0.2593391279336051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006276566,0.0003293163,0.0004936954,0.00009010509,0.0001128659,0.00006033011,0.0002625372,0.0002051138,0.003949994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009457701,0.0002968935,0.0001383621,0.0003069787,0.0003069376,0.0002330134,0.0001965439,0.000559564,0.006757233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006066219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000102663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007005948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004789534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975512,0.0003095471,0.000468587,0.0007318461,0.0004328689,0.0005059626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955258,0.003238609,0.0001914928,0.0002383783,0.0004878769,0.0003178266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002498474,0.002756966,0.1426082,0.0001990219,0.001435666,0.0009627651,0.0549732,7.37931e-7,0.002733528,0.004002683,0.5557837,0.232045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005153446,0.0005871567,0.01473427,0.001884292,0.0003446599,0.0001762406,0.01410682,0.00005412533,0.007299064,0.9320167,0.02209496,0.001548284],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9259173,0.0003082666,0.01757346,0.002700224,0.0004784697,0.0004208357,0.00002061855,0.0003743183,0.05220653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9665901,0.00009320569,0.01722123,0.01248719,0.0003579929,0.00005935178,0.00002152429,0.0001114638,0.003057942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.928014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983497409","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.10.001","title":"Inferring action structure and causal relationships in continuous sequences of human action","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research","keywords":"Action (physics); Causal inference; Causal structure; Artificial intelligence; Segmentation; Computer science; Inference; Bayesian probability; Sequence (biology); Bayesian inference; Causal analysis; Statistical inference; Machine learning; Causal model; Mathematics; Econometrics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08760751538783097,"gpt":0.3933740214607582,"spread":0.3057665060729273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002837248,0.0001067347,0.000193387,0.0001756622,0.00009126291,0.000008111295,0.00004700368,0.0001678594,0.0003362155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001502498,0.0001071039,0.0000201395,0.0001178883,0.0001500557,0.00006019129,0.0000177128,0.0004117478,0.00002484469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001545106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008430095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005280702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002372888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988607,0.0003660882,0.0002346625,0.0003127046,0.00006060502,0.0001651953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999471,0.0002078795,0.0001442807,0.00008324843,0.00005768031,0.00003590673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001514511,0.00008469375,0.8963851,0.00001829604,0.00003993139,0.00000658291,0.003394659,0.000001320985,0.03860991,0.006575578,0.0001121946,0.05462028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009664632,0.0002552064,0.9934445,0.00005421597,0.00001431333,0.00003983817,0.001002689,0.00000330535,0.0009024169,0.002704536,0.0005015048,0.0001110284],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871209,0.00008605163,0.0004512485,0.0001535032,0.0003698785,0.0001197824,0.000006491457,0.00002882799,0.01166336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994577,0.000008866828,0.00007904624,0.0001652258,0.00009928288,0.00001034896,0.0000278888,0.00001084999,0.0001408379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09705938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4367571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010882233","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.07.002","title":"A synchronization account of false recognition","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Memory Processes and Influences","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Synchronization (alternating current); Artificial intelligence; Variety (cybernetics); Natural language processing; Context (archaeology); Representation (politics); TRACE (psycholinguistics); Process (computing); Machine learning; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1025307851552485,"gpt":0.3757741770290938,"spread":0.2732433918738453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001835123,0.00008804248,0.0001239976,0.00009163659,0.00005694072,0.000008290852,0.00010103,0.000073081,0.00085616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001072382,0.00008010263,0.00003044282,0.0002824155,0.000195501,0.0003822558,0.00002332257,0.00008507134,0.0005352827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007531697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001581686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002167969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.12014e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991073,0.0001133967,0.0002010571,0.0002285921,0.0001148777,0.0002347912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993531,0.0001976299,0.0001538727,0.00009746003,0.0001411043,0.00005688039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003608607,0.0009666581,0.02410847,0.000142055,0.0000193707,0.000006794765,0.001680166,0.000001104268,0.4765795,0.001663453,0.0009484679,0.4935231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001645859,0.0005313359,0.06021928,0.00015749,0.00006698733,0.0001587638,0.0005301888,0.00006182466,0.9227841,0.00864802,0.004770765,0.0004253429],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612842,0.000301851,0.006239265,0.0001048971,0.0005488936,0.0001851146,0.00003408626,0.00003701793,0.03126471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966419,0.000191628,0.00008551385,0.002850567,0.0001364647,0.00002842458,0.000009445728,0.000009710979,0.00004639105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4930977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9374352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145539134","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.05.003","title":"Infants’ categorization of novel objects with more or less obvious features","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Animacy; Categorization; Object (grammar); Perception; Basis (linear algebra); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Mathematics; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03835209384245323,"gpt":0.3551043665346523,"spread":0.316752272692199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001251754,0.0002170275,0.0003074845,0.000176461,0.00007665203,0.00001088339,0.0001579431,0.0001831509,0.0007547024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009695644,0.0001618939,0.00004521601,0.0003289426,0.0002520226,0.00005926893,0.00003301568,0.0002939605,0.0001223202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001927475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006344119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003259189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001235435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998645,0.00007557232,0.000269125,0.0005188072,0.0001501543,0.000341325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999139,0.0001706811,0.0001965477,0.0002042184,0.0002124666,0.00007712099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01868903,0.006655912,0.2192384,0.000117938,0.001707534,0.0003763322,0.06933012,0.00006149512,0.0144277,0.01862913,0.01479218,0.6359742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004672506,0.0007234085,0.9869825,0.00009506666,0.00005628771,0.0003281534,0.002310646,0.000004643614,0.0007260295,0.00002842538,0.00378353,0.0002888499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8942576,0.0004209944,0.005297734,0.001235161,0.0004759037,0.0004301891,0.00004480476,0.0001084777,0.09772915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927397,0.00002336275,0.001223949,0.002635327,0.0002406505,0.0000442774,0.00007581827,0.00003745027,0.00297945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7677441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8263462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767118421","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.09.001","title":"Enabling spontaneous analogy through heuristic change","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Heuristic; Constraint (computer-aided design); Analogical reasoning; Transfer of learning; Transfer (computing); Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Mathematics; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1408627126860521,"gpt":0.4238100137090831,"spread":0.2829473010230309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002660052,0.0002777031,0.0003940864,0.0001124169,0.0006677939,0.00007363647,0.0005022165,0.00023959,0.004292171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004452258,0.0002743524,0.0001145274,0.00007516386,0.0004481316,0.0001239388,0.0001482465,0.0004776386,0.004647477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002529555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002190845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001386794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005730374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978319,0.0001948767,0.0003021938,0.000871017,0.0001292126,0.0006708164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985714,0.0002291219,0.0002885657,0.0006612929,0.0001332724,0.0001163533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002714533,0.001566647,0.1435408,0.00005704212,0.001054157,0.02706074,0.02361667,1.486391e-7,0.0009269846,0.05786474,0.01588004,0.7257175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001743132,0.0003924278,0.8917208,0.00007217359,0.00005528251,0.001873904,0.0004274575,0.000001273169,0.00001677795,0.002376498,0.1009579,0.0003623477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4607983,0.001458853,0.001412711,0.003134253,0.004216014,0.0004842427,0.00004397875,0.0001767165,0.528275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885426,0.0001369305,0.0002045987,0.006885536,0.001079281,0.0001161345,0.00004101397,0.00004853573,0.00294533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070654369","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.04.001","title":"Prototypicality in sentence production","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Mental Health","keywords":"Phrase; Sentence; Psychology; Recall; Linguistics; Cued recall; Cognitive psychology; Natural language processing; Computer science; Free recall","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07623335017309739,"gpt":0.411410531715289,"spread":0.3351771815421916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005125676,0.00009678991,0.000119362,0.0001263562,0.00004850847,0.000004711795,0.0001218234,0.00009535798,0.00007700798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001932952,0.00008619771,0.00002928798,0.0003095863,0.0003685282,0.0000653329,0.00003042151,0.0002756094,0.0001673009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001038534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001090336,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004280101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003228155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985964,0.0002099463,0.0002129535,0.0005850499,0.00007145551,0.0003241897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994602,0.0002466929,0.00005943859,0.0001457532,0.0000437157,0.00004418007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000549278,0.0003716775,0.01758748,0.000008325266,0.000001725173,0.001466051,0.0005131325,7.895834e-8,0.9461884,0.0002216748,0.00008305212,0.03300911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001027616,0.0002791916,0.1621905,0.00003751376,0.000005476235,0.001511223,0.0002021825,0.000001531039,0.8288766,0.003761187,0.001880383,0.0002265302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884644,0.00002448393,0.0006739923,0.000898905,0.0006343046,0.0005815374,0.000003366845,0.0000631216,0.008655927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928216,0.00001276786,0.00006461379,0.006732081,0.0001446272,0.00003081087,0.000002062402,0.00000740617,0.0001840615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1446031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3515041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068077127","doi":"10.1016/s0010-0285(02)00515-7","title":"An evidential support accumulation model of subjective probability","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Statistics; Social psychology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4649302446839217,"gpt":0.5474355811487335,"spread":0.08250533646481173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003010402,0.0001489313,0.0003696521,0.0002740564,0.00008613185,0.00006287488,0.00040914,0.0001729747,0.001149709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004025999,0.0001277398,0.0001416071,0.0003799449,0.0003047279,0.0005051257,0.00003859383,0.0001552068,0.000309206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003043093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001305956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006664387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003678671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972281,0.000538951,0.0007972888,0.0007925711,0.0004062344,0.0002368139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970118,0.0008679755,0.0003995932,0.0005783736,0.001030668,0.0001115308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009675348,0.001889378,0.1974584,0.000004382363,0.00003847937,0.00001119875,0.002157386,0.001950883,0.007177884,0.00376592,0.0009378702,0.7836407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001139864,0.0006498435,0.1006255,0.00001183253,0.00004331143,0.0000220359,0.0005387829,0.004643377,0.002705217,0.8891361,0.0002305758,0.0002535812],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8932896,0.000009780641,0.09326876,0.00004408879,0.000481544,0.0002660321,0.00005787389,0.00002200723,0.01256037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972843,0.000003001617,0.002256294,0.000285743,0.00002755081,0.00001756256,0.00001006264,0.00001180956,0.000103696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8853702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789247124","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.12.003","title":"Planning to speak in L1 and L2","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Encoding (memory); Sentence; Utterance; Linguistics; Psychology; Verb; Computer science; Communication; Natural language processing; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09228624685077182,"gpt":0.4385164497824907,"spread":0.3462302029317189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000123443,0.00009532854,0.0001263057,0.000158512,0.00005795135,0.00001005936,0.0001107994,0.00007168555,0.0001287967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007167532,0.00008717695,0.00001358765,0.0001958162,0.0003738788,0.00003969809,0.00007127999,0.0001456277,0.0003640292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003558567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006948664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004474434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001693404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989332,0.0001441187,0.0001231407,0.0004935685,0.00003970323,0.0002662899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995075,0.0002703524,0.00002916355,0.0001014039,0.00002689902,0.00006462108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004590978,0.0001254829,0.01541685,0.000005215833,0.000004131265,0.002646115,0.006853676,8.36842e-8,0.930126,0.0001763369,0.001497544,0.04268949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005284543,0.004025234,0.3810346,0.0002438915,0.00002554109,0.004663855,0.001634028,0.00001587202,0.5675876,0.006508231,0.02798327,0.0009933747],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697321,0.00005685838,0.0001533086,0.0008006868,0.0004003007,0.0001512944,0.000008332715,0.00003413184,0.02866299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.967267,0.000007765671,0.0000760205,0.03222555,0.0001931541,0.000008796414,0.000001098879,0.000008993286,0.0002115638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3656178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.467898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205792376","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101441","title":"Distributional social semantics: Inferring word meanings from communication patterns","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Semantics (computer science); Meaning (existential); Natural language processing; Computer science; Word (group theory); Linguistics; Distributional semantics; Artificial intelligence; Lexical semantics; Word lists by frequency; Lexical item; Psychology; Semantic similarity; Sentence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04501003298091999,"gpt":0.390043702930958,"spread":0.345033669950038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001626604,0.0000705377,0.0001064457,0.00001641594,0.0005846934,0.00004660189,0.000127831,0.000127635,0.001722049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003062493,0.00007355656,0.00005829689,0.0001488705,0.0002112749,0.0001461325,0.00006023478,0.0001733649,0.0001459572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004966976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005377992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007581261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002859044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989279,0.0003799524,0.0001297494,0.0002038681,0.0001558185,0.0002027134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993321,0.0001419689,0.00007325944,0.00008327053,0.0003234499,0.00004599433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002119395,0.0008829683,0.3568693,0.00002242769,0.0005403107,0.0002025438,0.209805,4.370279e-7,0.009203786,0.1237959,0.01570658,0.2827587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001103533,0.00001859009,0.9113539,0.0000926917,0.00008535528,0.000007984826,0.03981134,0.000006277194,0.0006042872,0.02060916,0.02599891,0.0003079622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610823,0.0004498127,0.004938446,0.005788684,0.0002713119,0.00008602231,0.000159391,0.00006901653,0.02715506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996637,0.0001275611,0.0000895516,0.001461999,0.0004266455,0.00001432793,0.0008990171,0.000005201508,0.0003386364],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5544845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003984649","doi":"10.1016/s0010-0285(03)00100-2","title":"Category specificity in normal episodic learning: Applications to object recognition and category-specific agnosia","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Recall; Episodic memory; Agnosia; Psychology; Object (grammar); Categorization; Cognitive psychology; Identification (biology); Semantic memory; Task (project management); Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Semantics (computer science); Amnesia; Recognition memory; Cognition; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05508349420805006,"gpt":0.3258385657307778,"spread":0.2707550715227277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006199218,0.000306329,0.000366231,0.0004758877,0.0002146768,0.00003857445,0.000143645,0.0002482559,0.002959036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000144744,0.0003395968,0.00006524943,0.0006349839,0.0002221804,0.00007115074,0.00004441522,0.0007996146,0.005117814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000600415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003814481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004905876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005685492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970763,0.0006272538,0.0004626267,0.001071242,0.0001344197,0.0006282135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989486,0.0003279945,0.0001348213,0.0002278231,0.0001421296,0.0002185717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001307065,0.002352436,0.3808609,0.00004916589,0.0002009531,0.0003280463,0.01515852,0.000006229777,0.003767036,0.02446504,0.01044023,0.5610644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001817517,0.0004314778,0.8383787,0.00003659787,0.0000187601,0.0001764722,0.00206789,4.705137e-7,0.0002323615,0.002811651,0.1535612,0.0004668745],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7403418,0.001338936,0.005922148,0.0005192395,0.0005253743,0.001065793,0.00002509488,0.000135024,0.2501266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957824,0.000255027,0.0003284375,0.001609532,0.000163091,0.0006140007,0.0001252215,0.00004803935,0.001074197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5605975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216246799","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101443","title":"Hypothesis testing, attention, and ‘Same’-‘Different’ judgments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Intuition; Converse; Psychology; Stimulus (psychology); Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Perception; Set (abstract data type); Social psychology; Computer science; Mathematics; Cognitive science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3584158466734584,"gpt":0.4618216681543257,"spread":0.1034058214808673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000652616,0.0001742681,0.0003597509,0.0002065401,0.0001696783,0.0002264754,0.0002764484,0.0001300749,0.001272782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009392593,0.00014272,0.00009443684,0.0004364226,0.0002359871,0.0001452303,0.0001887649,0.0001642176,0.00131847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000153547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003103573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005042558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002880588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976842,0.0002631471,0.0005455164,0.0009098157,0.0003184945,0.0002788682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949151,0.00362935,0.0002255569,0.000386626,0.0006999183,0.0001435051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002587176,0.0001658043,0.1642865,8.717483e-7,0.00001580759,0.00006177578,0.00005554801,1.018689e-7,0.001298342,0.00004475982,0.003413762,0.8306308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009233797,0.0001251542,0.808987,0.00004272228,0.00004309728,0.0001923627,0.000532974,0.00003107412,0.0003973849,0.1851933,0.003315062,0.0002165556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9796919,0.0001754693,0.00153917,0.0008878431,0.0007369067,0.00009131067,0.00004944866,0.00003523568,0.01679277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938239,0.00003624957,0.001438019,0.002737712,0.00008016991,0.00001426211,0.000005793494,0.00001590048,0.001847923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8304143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403170673","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2024.101692","title":"Doing things efficiently: Testing an account of why simple explanations are satisfying","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1290349402824772,"gpt":0.3388383257714088,"spread":0.2098033854889316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002568949,0.000107611,0.0001436207,0.0002452262,0.0004512651,0.0001073463,0.0001595482,0.00003717021,0.0006912998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001217321,0.0001027122,0.00004396321,0.0001198791,0.0006222001,0.0005753668,0.0000276556,0.0001701272,0.0001069148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001992999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002900593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006953574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001404618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990765,0.00004732953,0.0002050609,0.0003345857,0.0001411553,0.0001954069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992107,0.0003168852,0.00009374769,0.000106871,0.0002230574,0.00004877441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009145797,0.0006283334,0.00168388,0.0003945687,0.0001562572,0.0001829901,0.287452,0.00003095506,0.01203524,0.4992062,0.01629435,0.1818437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001702789,0.001775209,0.007950794,0.002140014,0.0003173548,0.0001414265,0.05609184,0.002596903,0.0008787578,0.1635219,0.7612662,0.001616828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.373447,0.001581093,0.005916878,0.001291771,0.002542972,0.0002961475,0.0003626467,0.000371203,0.6141903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997063,0.000004962453,0.0002226877,0.002271527,0.0003068594,0.00001538708,0.00002335183,0.00001063747,0.00008152384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7449719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7569248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311090216","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101530","title":"Evidence for abstract representations in children but not capuchin monkeys","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020; European Research Council; European Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","keywords":"Container (type theory); Test (biology); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; A priori and a posteriori; Sample (material); Developmental psychology; Item response theory; Type (biology); Computer science; Psychometrics; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1270334723014934,"gpt":0.4328558121151719,"spread":0.3058223398136785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004766997,0.0001728816,0.0002396245,0.0002584529,0.0002795919,0.00001578661,0.0002805223,0.0000762382,0.005217994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004099085,0.0001960201,0.0001082147,0.0002843812,0.0001057127,0.00006483005,0.0001095824,0.0005450082,0.0003707601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006558807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005891865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002270109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000275307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979683,0.0002608895,0.0003794036,0.0008042312,0.0001566234,0.0004306021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986531,0.0008067153,0.0001518128,0.0002521051,0.00006589678,0.00007033432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002813054,0.001384889,0.8524291,0.00001166658,0.0003233912,0.0001166034,0.006766037,0.0000430392,0.002623938,0.004310162,0.02049509,0.108683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00216821,0.000319566,0.9931804,0.00002793818,0.00002357203,0.0001119684,0.001114848,0.000005313149,0.00009065025,0.0006917899,0.002037346,0.00022839],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.972191,0.0005308535,0.0006536017,0.002442456,0.000830854,0.001002603,0.000200294,0.00007473257,0.02207354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924952,0.00002714617,0.0002115904,0.00369476,0.0001642647,0.001089958,0.0001478207,0.00003220304,0.002137079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1407513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319778131","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2023.101551","title":"Probability and intentional action","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Odds; Attribution; Intentionality; Psychology; Action (physics); Raising (metalworking); Social psychology; Affect (linguistics); Outcome (game theory); Odds ratio; Cognitive psychology; Logistic regression; Communication; Statistics; Economics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Microeconomics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.391519180613027,"gpt":0.4056783275995199,"spread":0.0141591469864929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001788823,0.00008075731,0.00008495585,0.0001040956,0.0001139457,0.000008866583,0.00006818867,0.00006757768,0.0002651314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003680087,0.00007424392,0.00003240357,0.0002349903,0.0003956603,0.0000795358,0.00005010386,0.0001369939,0.001329575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008840572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006633762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001077077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001673053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990053,0.0001305701,0.0001157383,0.0004499976,0.0000998743,0.0001985736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995961,0.0001957905,0.00003584682,0.00007312086,0.00003996992,0.00005918254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001142905,0.00102922,0.03807068,0.00005917647,0.00004570763,0.0001608538,0.0004403744,0.000002413223,0.5273734,0.03881861,0.03367699,0.3591796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009368106,0.0002020756,0.8599679,0.00001639608,0.000008041822,0.0001704891,0.00006489942,0.00004156478,0.005436571,0.1288878,0.004138796,0.0001286849],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767593,0.00001294091,0.0005282997,0.006539706,0.0007849636,0.0001649564,0.00002203294,0.0001461354,0.0150417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941837,0.00009187424,0.00004882521,0.004740369,0.00007647921,0.00004715417,0.00001428711,0.000006005708,0.0007913571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8218972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412023428","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2026.101799","title":"A Single Process for Deductive and Inductive Inference? Examining the Impact of Conclusion Typicality and Argument Validity on Immediate Inferences","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Macquarie University","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Inference; Inductive reasoning; Deductive reasoning; Process (computing); Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2536014560007132,"gpt":0.5130505106296117,"spread":0.2594490546288986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009875068,0.0002941209,0.0005925961,0.0001477677,0.0004213995,0.00004565214,0.0002961308,0.0005989561,0.00005871771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002911159,0.0002123583,0.000119685,0.0001971007,0.002587077,0.00007675138,0.000326403,0.0006360219,0.000001383707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001008513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003772033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00103138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000307124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972683,0.001041811,0.0003838142,0.0007582035,0.0001793582,0.0003685483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957782,0.002734536,0.0004839392,0.0001674697,0.0007309799,0.0001048532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005118638,0.002783643,0.251471,0.0003415554,0.001784588,0.000005570465,0.3825527,0.000004581201,0.001027045,0.01390266,0.0007388037,0.3402693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00170618,0.003571254,0.5976295,0.0007127235,0.0002209735,0.000001803735,0.03143796,0.00001592733,0.0003997619,0.3636705,0.0001697884,0.0004636311],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979028,0.0002672483,0.0009359769,0.001265691,0.001097357,0.001443945,0.000307205,0.00002595071,0.01562859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982702,0.000497557,0.00003573114,0.0004342763,0.0003131742,0.0003550673,0.00002603679,0.000008904317,0.00005904987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3511147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9532191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}