{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b6ed4d92daa5","filters":{"venue":"Cold Regions Engineering"}},"results":[{"id":"W2329677816","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)29","title":"Development of a New Mechanistic Index to Predict Pavement Performance during Spring Thaw","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Subgrade; Frost heaving; Bearing capacity; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Frost weathering; Frost (temperature); Soil water; Moisture; Water content; Consolidation (business); Geology; Soil science; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Guy Doré","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cedric Imbs","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03592750434899016,"gpt":0.1910409346113065,"spread":0.1551134302623163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006430461,0.0008252533,0.0004675203,0.001844815,0.0002069264,0.0006851148,0.0005296185,0.0007332908,0.0008327612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002039303,0.0002809718,0.0004220721,0.0005577152,0.0002582552,0.001144442,0.0004197811,0.0004894067,0.0003192742],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004424483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003805609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001939178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001870652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998177,0.00002304942,0.0000162845,0.00003889153,0.00008531413,0.00001878173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990669,0.0002969521,0.000211449,0.00007025673,0.0002896439,0.00006490309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001540794,0.0003223506,0.1605043,0.00009202283,0.0001182023,0.00009074757,0.00009527702,0.681627,0.03009538,0.002177264,0.0008435415,0.1238799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004753095,0.0001372797,0.03505208,0.00000629711,0.000020527,0.00006318319,0.00001991508,0.9580422,0.005157968,0.0007720512,0.000703732,0.00002004325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4520545,0.0002142918,0.5403085,0.00008652502,0.00003999035,0.0002395041,0.000811063,0.001216508,0.005029115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9478725,0.00009144253,0.05042427,0.000009764824,0.00001662748,0.00009113808,0.0006766632,0.00003271956,0.0007848592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001939178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003855765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2322953764","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)53","title":"Numerical Simulation of Ice Interaction with a Wide Cylindrical Pier","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Pier; Scale (ratio); Eulerian path; Field (mathematics); Mechanics; Experimental data; Ice field; Geology; Mathematics; Structural engineering; Lagrangian; Engineering; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Anne Barker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohamed Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"G.W. Timco","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01383258016120993,"gpt":0.1953856573636978,"spread":0.1815530772024879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002695752,0.0003863403,0.0004994689,0.0004053859,0.0006456164,0.0005991137,0.0008093871,0.001067584,0.002666711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007749633,0.0003173378,0.0003864891,0.0005503197,0.0007401119,0.0004459488,0.0008120114,0.0005042764,0.0002634909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006725224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006965326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01016071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005819676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998728,0.00002519851,0.000005671047,0.00001636388,0.00003574276,0.00004412796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996495,0.0001683168,0.0000415622,0.00002463409,0.0000433042,0.00007268728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002693029,0.00001996602,0.000909246,0.000008329332,0.000003903257,0.0000971542,0.00002392874,0.9960843,0.001243089,0.0006504601,0.00008671643,0.0008459226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008294411,0.00002411362,0.00039139,0.000001762449,0.000001750479,0.00002023381,0.0000252804,0.9988826,0.000270006,0.0001709756,0.000198997,0.000004652104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9142136,0.0001184006,0.06661993,0.0002063692,0.00003969993,0.00007405369,0.000441538,0.0002907618,0.01799579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898824,0.00007245774,0.007163223,0.00001851174,0.000005438897,0.00006288462,0.0001390147,0.00002560135,0.002630429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01016071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02020317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316194238","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)59","title":"Behavior of Ice/Rock Mixtures on Slopes","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Rock mass classification; Rock glacier; Geotechnical engineering; Glacier; Scale (ratio); Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"B. Ladanyi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009813822829604236,"gpt":0.1877874402741504,"spread":0.1779736174445461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007447565,0.0002373565,0.0002350578,0.0004188204,0.0003027075,0.0004112014,0.0002349433,0.0002612957,0.002100885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002919342,0.0001951301,0.0001974283,0.000211867,0.0002820645,0.000245191,0.0002723329,0.0001970591,0.0004163133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001821042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001198123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002105942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001888044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999177,0.000008769204,0.000004581255,0.00002000886,0.0000223182,0.00002660735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998705,0.00002068553,0.00002791077,0.00001387655,0.00003005447,0.0000370126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001218598,0.0002582084,0.08097514,0.000114349,0.0001100818,0.001743994,0.0004104335,0.1766119,0.7176539,0.001175698,0.0006068411,0.01912078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006145297,0.001332017,0.1711397,0.00003735649,0.00007838874,0.0006746512,0.0008755717,0.484055,0.3375407,0.0009448535,0.003197548,0.0000628218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980208,0.00005296399,0.0007274179,0.00001170432,0.00000466594,0.000007303356,0.00006964077,0.00003052023,0.001075211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989536,0.00004224424,0.0002682826,0.000004635649,0.000001372316,0.000003616077,0.0001116823,0.000008013579,0.0006064739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002105942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007028162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326415447","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)32","title":"Reduced Tire Pressure: Review of an Alternate Road Usage Technique for Reducing Springtime Damage on Low Volume Roads","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Forest Service","keywords":"Truck; Environmental science; Frost (temperature); Rut; Traffic volume; Transport engineering; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Asphalt; Meteorology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Maureen A. Kestler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard L. Berg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sae‐Im Nam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles E. Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00873778234703132,"gpt":0.2039610051558284,"spread":0.195223222808797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001064869,0.001115369,0.001646257,0.003976708,0.0005666969,0.001246048,0.002058747,0.001709338,0.004486235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001678252,0.000576234,0.001841578,0.002763089,0.0005976474,0.002128958,0.0006039203,0.001851398,0.001599472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005466153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001092959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002852391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003574056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994056,0.0000963266,0.0001452607,0.0001313431,0.0001809104,0.00004060167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988828,0.0005662772,0.0001630901,0.00002692443,0.0003108415,0.00005002872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002263886,0.0005834837,0.0002746079,0.07332807,0.0002897563,0.0002647268,0.0001732755,0.0004441222,0.003807559,0.001664666,0.01264008,0.9063032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001067533,0.001472919,0.003912749,0.02443812,0.001245666,0.003092253,0.0002845429,0.0006658209,0.004927047,0.001363508,0.958386,0.0001046085],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000494809,0.9977652,0.0003873734,0.0001915964,0.0001948966,0.00004202585,0.0000325586,0.00001436847,0.0008771623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002128198,0.995657,0.001153497,0.0001918586,0.0001794099,0.00005151811,0.0000738055,0.000006536053,0.0005581616],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004486235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01500797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335153319","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)34","title":"Deck Wearing Surfaces for the Yukon River Bridge","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Deck; Truck; Snow; Abrasion (mechanical); Bridge (graph theory); Pipeline transport; Environmental science; Trailer; Structural engineering; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"J. Leroy Hulsey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lutfi Raad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Billy Connor","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03316580756722033,"gpt":0.203998407171834,"spread":0.1708325996046137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002118165,0.0003151607,0.000213599,0.0005317379,0.0006233348,0.0005225883,0.0003798592,0.0003447071,0.004174421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005331077,0.00017876,0.0002331821,0.0002705516,0.000155522,0.0001708514,0.0005967376,0.0002373871,0.0006466487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003826155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000532535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005458144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02603883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999716,0.00001787366,0.00001954039,0.00002964605,0.000171132,0.00004578106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997128,0.00002092915,0.00001910283,0.00003765972,0.0001655772,0.00004399971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006512041,0.0006026317,0.04255971,0.0005043382,0.00003572641,0.001804216,0.001666351,0.02647288,0.3970713,0.00299861,0.007271167,0.5183618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001491862,0.0079726,0.5642257,0.0002125986,0.0001822291,0.003788832,0.005142669,0.05998908,0.2426778,0.001951195,0.1134879,0.0002201907],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823824,0.0001122636,0.006210964,0.00004241815,0.00003523752,0.00006477916,0.000198519,0.0001763789,0.01077709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814764,0.00009212257,0.009694664,0.00001549201,0.00000458772,0.00003251427,0.0003208655,0.00005343975,0.008310047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9945419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01396477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2328901305","doi":"10.1061/40621(254)15","title":"An Examination of Resource Transportation Alternatives in Northwest Alaska","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Arctic and Russian Policy Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arctic; Peninsula; Permafrost; Borough; Resource (disambiguation); Mineral resource classification; Geography; Archaeology; Environmental protection; Geology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"John L. Aho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeff Ottesen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Don Galligan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Sterley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick Burden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bill Wong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02341368515602572,"gpt":0.2632918903476109,"spread":0.2398782051915852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00105964,0.0001725709,0.0002139332,0.002347973,0.002629825,0.00263144,0.0004740739,0.0004712961,0.008025208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002203682,0.0001493524,0.0002911085,0.003851483,0.0006782309,0.001597652,0.0009597656,0.0005091434,0.0002264264],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005213494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002836933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1136588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2696227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991338,0.0003093146,0.0000600865,0.00007430278,0.0002545624,0.0001680544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990765,0.0003025019,0.0001646077,0.00002825934,0.0003287607,0.00009944716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008952712,0.0004994669,0.4201151,0.0009469042,0.0002040554,0.006442185,0.02495362,0.1069408,0.003306688,0.2648098,0.006916599,0.1639694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004547472,0.0005951752,0.4222001,0.0008661045,0.0001773964,0.001392476,0.3359782,0.02528103,0.002580423,0.06220123,0.1485188,0.0001636168],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8979143,0.0006536955,0.0009031881,0.0006378569,0.00001896244,0.0000470143,0.0004604966,0.0000115931,0.09935287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938821,0.0005350868,0.0007401394,0.00003704032,0.0000038226,0.00002802661,0.0002196288,0.000003708788,0.004550441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1136588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2259944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}