{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":13,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":13,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"33c682a647de","filters":{"venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence"}},"results":[{"id":"W4394934695","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100221","title":"The impact of generative AI on higher education learning and teaching: A study of educators’ perspectives","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":295,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commit; Higher education; Ambiguity; Psychology; Obligation; Quarter (Canadian coin); Thematic analysis; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Political science; Engineering; Sociology; Computer science; Qualitative research; Medicine; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Arnold","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amit Srivastava","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrina Plastow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Strelan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florian Ploeckl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dimitra Lekkas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward Palmer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1080149450069498,"gpt":0.4781628661027462,"spread":0.3701479210957964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004016942,0.0001547024,0.0002144285,0.0002382644,0.000307206,0.000117852,0.00007207651,0.0000585319,0.00003971166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001690747,0.0001081119,0.00006803805,0.0002296312,0.0001977604,0.0001129954,0.00002751297,0.0003532891,0.000006654303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001254638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001068549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001501713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002327923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986962,0.0001572797,0.0004937928,0.0003332937,0.0001628732,0.0001565549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987715,0.0004547403,0.000129041,0.0001790707,0.0003375142,0.0001281063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000134942,0.00207783,0.01338139,0.0001012098,0.00008872034,3.855327e-7,0.05906953,0.0001497262,0.0004785015,0.06736858,0.001660968,0.8554882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006240547,0.0137815,0.08533592,0.002143453,0.0003376911,0.00007955836,0.7559018,0.03435947,0.01556032,0.08574503,0.005893785,0.0007990668],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990146,0.003018902,0.0005652228,0.003395135,0.001731622,0.0005472731,8.757175e-7,0.00002768156,0.0005672452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981437,0.0002882182,0.0002058642,0.00009401347,0.0006293711,0.00004448909,0.000004603696,0.00001510721,0.0005746279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8546892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4408676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319455582","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100131","title":"Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in K-12 education","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Beneficence; Transparency (behavior); Economic Justice; Autonomy; Accountability; Information ethics; Engineering ethics; Applied ethics; Sociology; Political science; Public relations; Psychology; Law; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Adams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patti Pente","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gillian Lemermeyer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Geoffrey Rockwell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.204717861775726,"gpt":0.454067338667962,"spread":0.249349476892236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002449493,0.0001550744,0.0002009045,0.0003299487,0.0008047855,0.0004928413,0.0003332617,0.0003568995,0.0000417045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002230505,0.0001738898,0.00007583282,0.0008030725,0.00050244,0.0002896304,0.00007268583,0.0004379359,0.00008210248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001487111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001876855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001453041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003542119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980166,0.0002065969,0.0005673962,0.0004239916,0.0003119502,0.0004734743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981682,0.000834478,0.0001383979,0.0001837386,0.0004184734,0.0002567239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001371473,0.0001163082,0.0001165221,0.00001826274,0.00000303838,2.443172e-7,0.01910662,0.0001517025,0.0000257296,0.5691956,0.0009396696,0.4103126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001034834,0.00007850736,0.00117357,0.0001357047,0.000009839842,6.666447e-7,0.04436988,0.01518467,0.0004862034,0.9082808,0.02995001,0.0003198128],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4051901,0.0005260517,0.2532977,0.2946095,0.02229285,0.003771186,0.00002647252,0.0006905239,0.0195956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902901,0.0004724043,0.00461678,0.002353972,0.001427546,0.0001255047,0.00002843514,0.00001917805,0.0006660516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7091019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210304670","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100050","title":"AI-assisted knowledge assessment techniques for adaptive learning environments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Adaptive learning; Viewpoints; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Relevance (law); Learning sciences; Field (mathematics); Educational technology; Knowledge management; Psychology; Mathematics education","authors":[{"name":"Sein Minn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05280833334078083,"gpt":0.3346775617168179,"spread":0.2818692283760371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005955882,0.000167739,0.0001740788,0.0001830895,0.001008127,0.0002336257,0.0004689348,0.00003588051,0.00002147248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002161308,0.0001833167,0.00007424817,0.0002518431,0.000045747,0.0002488072,0.0003811049,0.0003230417,0.00001197834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002440543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002092478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003522673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001580863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984608,0.0002006364,0.0003575127,0.0005100649,0.0002006002,0.0002703554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.000180459,0.0001766296,0.000227461,0.00008345798,0.000096868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006538851,0.0001960534,0.00007259639,0.000009719214,0.00001241707,6.096321e-7,0.001449913,0.001226767,0.0007479185,0.395271,0.0005330806,0.6004734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000335906,0.0007893707,0.0005832773,0.00006735128,0.00001217248,0.00002874355,0.003130055,0.4218374,0.005243411,0.01685142,0.5509497,0.0004735556],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001217575,0.0002226647,0.9947777,0.0007723018,0.001829639,0.000445708,0.000001644632,0.0001298239,0.0006029429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9152946,0.00001763294,0.0798283,0.0004794706,0.0003034759,0.0004264796,0.00001271193,0.00001879139,0.00361858],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9149494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7753803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393902165","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100219","title":"Role of activity-based learning and ChatGPT on students' performance in education","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Tamara Al Shloul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tehseen Mazhar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qamar Abbas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Iqbal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tariq Shahzad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fatma Mallek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Habib Hamam","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06267637813011673,"gpt":0.4142289072532995,"spread":0.3515525291231828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002991212,0.0001207938,0.0001659104,0.0003946472,0.00008817268,0.00008097513,0.00005912756,0.00007478357,0.0000270266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007147891,0.0001188119,0.00002876055,0.0003758364,0.00009347602,0.0001321537,0.00002028249,0.0002555255,0.00002309556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000929028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006635764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002283464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001946899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989781,0.00004553364,0.0003363936,0.0003087969,0.0001735847,0.000157571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994231,0.0001709864,0.00006377168,0.0001164441,0.0001139424,0.0001117458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008179419,0.0004964121,0.03204973,0.0002867139,0.000005545126,3.250279e-7,0.002893799,0.0001529133,0.001227078,0.003041863,0.00003515113,0.9597287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006600222,0.003506812,0.21972,0.008918472,0.0001286395,0.00006577703,0.02759315,0.3828059,0.3085321,0.02247611,0.02519768,0.0009893326],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938976,0.001558005,0.00133747,0.001455026,0.001055103,0.0003349881,5.091737e-7,0.00003550191,0.0003258045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998081,0.0005981799,0.0006382409,0.0002558459,0.0002479661,0.00004349184,0.00001033745,0.00001263258,0.0001122994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9587393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4845007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137268104","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100016","title":"Comparison of learning analytics and educational data mining: A topic modeling approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Data science; Computer science; Learning analytics; Educational data mining; Field (mathematics); Analytics; Consistency (knowledge bases); CLARITY; Big data; Data analysis; Thematic analysis; Topic model; Focus (optics); Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Qualitative research; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"David John Lemay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clare Baek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tenzin Doleck","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1727703023585213,"gpt":0.3992104277104874,"spread":0.2264401253519661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002270796,0.00009706732,0.0001841342,0.00009969782,0.0001553986,0.0002048608,0.000389037,0.00004226882,0.000004744806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001789056,0.0001035654,0.00002137805,0.0003477602,0.00006204969,0.0002201994,0.0003704721,0.0001544802,0.000001906313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001182124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003540667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001800516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004041632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988835,0.00006538451,0.0003510414,0.0004210839,0.0001462785,0.0001326604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990392,0.0001490314,0.0001189042,0.0003975155,0.0002042687,0.00009111418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002908176,0.0005999493,0.01366772,0.0001085935,0.00003279819,6.032962e-7,0.005462115,0.08237179,0.0001235459,0.1484577,0.0003749531,0.7487973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001116001,0.00002401111,0.0002391056,0.00004518779,0.00001295204,0.00001083068,0.002588205,0.9881623,0.0001524213,0.008367951,0.0002788511,0.0001069721],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1027551,0.001004015,0.8921443,0.003418715,0.0003574824,0.00003676205,9.08394e-7,0.00002257079,0.0002602128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.798476,0.00007414345,0.2010441,0.00006837904,0.0001372796,0.000001084317,0.00004147382,0.000003964288,0.0001535015],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9057906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4223273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406818641","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100373","title":"Opportunities, challenges and school strategies for integrating generative AI in education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Education University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Education","keywords":"Generative grammar; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Davy Tsz Kit Ng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chung Kwan Lo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08725002216669056,"gpt":0.3647791559439947,"spread":0.2775291337773041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002318508,0.0001092187,0.0001216423,0.0002434477,0.0001350544,0.0004035192,0.0001886162,0.00004672703,0.000001453599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008266386,0.0001085695,0.00001945226,0.0001723155,0.00006120135,0.0003959751,0.00006796301,0.0001289489,0.000001520571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000389485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001155994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005278247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008402987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991986,0.00005268302,0.0002544197,0.0003041734,0.00005459399,0.0001355819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994147,0.0001335554,0.00006444422,0.0001502525,0.0001667117,0.00007037785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001448461,0.00005439229,0.00002295687,0.00002486935,0.000002678036,7.963902e-8,0.001348673,0.00007436278,0.00002961076,0.464545,0.0004208404,0.533475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002210221,0.00006829282,0.0005565123,0.0002587686,0.000005814774,0.000002713026,0.02154686,0.3799759,0.0002144214,0.5901253,0.007061138,0.0001621507],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01407036,0.004880961,0.9421833,0.03628645,0.001246662,0.0002195963,6.787677e-7,0.00004907022,0.001062975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8925665,0.002253331,0.1007263,0.00342597,0.000283269,0.0000757778,0.00001227102,0.000007240091,0.0006493535],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8784961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4427335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286511253","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100091","title":"Artificial intelligence-based robots in education: A systematic review of selected SSCI publications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","keywords":"Robot; Artificial intelligence; Citation; Perception; Computer science; Psychology; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Shih‐Ting Chu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwo‐Jen Hwang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yun‐Fang Tu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1015350978162995,"gpt":0.3829106968494723,"spread":0.2813755990331728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001217113,0.0004539299,0.001685388,0.00117133,0.0002318817,0.0003297108,0.001705108,0.0001591456,0.0001028051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001092209,0.0004347994,0.0003113917,0.00518629,0.0001248886,0.0002616534,0.0002712488,0.0006453212,0.00005092509],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002807874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005971678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005837414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001581904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951051,0.0007367954,0.002452279,0.0008704414,0.0004736808,0.0003616398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959742,0.0008480354,0.001338613,0.001130289,0.0005102776,0.000198572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[5.880208e-7,0.0005418024,7.555662e-7,0.2093038,0.00002186127,4.945762e-7,0.0001577568,0.0001286945,5.873066e-8,0.04983708,0.0003742914,0.7396328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001130213,0.0002370718,0.000002317134,0.7148879,0.0008401719,0.00008925156,0.0005962461,0.1018954,0.00001387093,0.02697581,0.1529748,0.001475874],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[8.56325e-7,0.8295359,0.1657605,0.001843381,0.001335832,0.001324259,0.000006383827,0.0000917955,0.0001011298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006477023,0.9830816,0.01523234,0.0005129641,0.0001941454,0.0005511398,0.0002123866,0.00003047646,0.0001201323],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7381569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386811596","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100167","title":"CHAT-ACTS: A pedagogical framework for personalized chatbot to enhance active learning and self-regulated learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Mount Saint Vincent University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chatbot; Active learning (machine learning); Personalized learning; Computer science; Plan (archaeology); Self-regulated learning; Cooperative learning; Psychology; World Wide Web; Teaching method; Open learning; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Michael Pin-Chuan Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Chang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1413287051766368,"gpt":0.4946248743586274,"spread":0.3532961691819906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001226695,0.0001871928,0.0002397501,0.0002455265,0.0005779566,0.0001287985,0.0001129593,0.0001428069,0.0001319213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008735632,0.0001901527,0.00004485781,0.0006535457,0.0001056871,0.00006679968,0.00006555434,0.0005673842,0.0001076194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004098811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006305078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000334454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001268519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981359,0.0005280664,0.0002900296,0.0005610052,0.0001158334,0.0003691478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983183,0.001104856,0.0001429886,0.0001158336,0.0001762084,0.0001418827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000157833,0.000127485,0.0003980145,0.00002729124,0.00004708421,0.000001067475,0.1158437,0.0002676008,0.0007079888,0.1002388,0.0002851509,0.781898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002641209,0.002977004,0.03368867,0.000915661,0.0001238764,0.00005888836,0.2067829,0.06178972,0.006788723,0.08401855,0.6004704,0.002121488],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4505238,0.0001123925,0.5459183,0.001573813,0.001073984,0.0002744349,8.784164e-7,0.0002505908,0.0002718503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9432467,0.00003891566,0.05123996,0.0004214625,0.000579275,0.0001399363,0.00002620292,0.00003434588,0.00427318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7797765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7754203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392967699","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100217","title":"A systematic review of learning task design for K-12 AI education: Trends, challenges, and opportunities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ciena (Canada); Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Apprehension; Underpinning; Task (project management); Instructional design; Conceptual framework; Knowledge management; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics education; Engineering; Sociology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Li Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fengchao Yu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Enting Zhang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2160455456418083,"gpt":0.4029871287047991,"spread":0.1869415830629908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009087831,0.0003242657,0.00124752,0.0004325574,0.0001194163,0.0002528834,0.0004697625,0.0001136866,0.000002734068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001716432,0.0002649634,0.0002192344,0.0002748565,0.00008161816,0.0001652784,0.0001416382,0.0002850481,0.000008415234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004181486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001205127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003931479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.524039e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977663,0.0003241414,0.001021758,0.0005341263,0.0001660512,0.0001876042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982311,0.0004680786,0.000557442,0.0003913086,0.0002156816,0.0001363485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[2.144208e-7,0.00004026844,3.236968e-9,0.3760926,0.00003677267,2.648594e-7,0.0003247417,0.00000231126,8.976158e-9,0.05119021,0.001056893,0.5712557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004843909,0.0001257551,2.219386e-8,0.6331264,0.0009950183,0.00006525955,0.0003457729,0.01583195,3.3635e-7,0.008291938,0.34089,0.0003227058],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.26439e-8,0.8190177,0.1762421,0.003122869,0.0009439806,0.0005566283,0.000002652172,0.00005413076,0.0000598818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000005900901,0.9880319,0.009897438,0.0003682746,0.0002691848,0.000199811,0.00003958554,0.00002341729,0.001164444],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.570933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394866268","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100222","title":"Enhancing algorithmic assessment in education: Equi-fused-data-based SMOTE for balanced learning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ","funders":"American University in Cairo; Foundation for Psychocultural Research","keywords":"Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Data mining; F1 score","authors":[{"name":"Yasmine Chachoui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nabiha Azizi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Hotte","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tahar Bensebaa","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06013312827628495,"gpt":0.3803163546791115,"spread":0.3201832264028265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008094204,0.000183083,0.0001815375,0.000379158,0.0001787356,0.0008027436,0.0009413422,0.00007595912,0.000009673729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001072028,0.0001956425,0.00003811691,0.0006798414,0.00006655262,0.0008797186,0.0002097048,0.0002731182,0.00002139526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001987556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001707452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005767799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002144241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998089,0.00008552235,0.0005198434,0.000834137,0.0001878106,0.0002837344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985382,0.0003693448,0.0001153056,0.0007118011,0.0001649749,0.0001003952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002817895,0.0001363841,0.00005619684,0.00009089478,0.000004544342,5.618103e-7,0.0003841313,0.0002648458,0.001111814,0.1303556,0.001481907,0.8661103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002079612,0.00006815517,0.0002904932,0.000326973,0.000005808608,0.000004985114,0.0003249706,0.9417964,0.01002728,0.02530419,0.02158263,0.0002473545],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001819805,0.0006016337,0.9894437,0.004236036,0.002885183,0.0005244515,0.000008669319,0.0003653263,0.0001152625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4630956,0.00009359651,0.5352147,0.0006720248,0.0003497686,0.0002345185,0.0002130154,0.00001815266,0.0001086388],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9415315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.797807,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3204408254","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100034","title":"Categorizing learning analytics models according to their goals and identifying their relevant components: A review of the learning analytics literature from 2011 to 2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"Shandong University of Technology","keywords":"Computer science; Categorization; Interactivity; Data science; Coding (social sciences); Analytics; Component (thermodynamics); Learning analytics; Visualization; Data visualization; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Benazir Quadir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maiga Chang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jie Chi Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1148555198117642,"gpt":0.3656511753041721,"spread":0.250795655492408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009665691,0.0005459677,0.001528422,0.0004210217,0.0004543779,0.0009359129,0.001229295,0.0001899933,0.000005182753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004304736,0.0004021701,0.0003873388,0.001726234,0.00006905096,0.0003382362,0.001241776,0.00111206,0.00001803525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001114608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005454292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001106487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006897211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963275,0.0006293826,0.001269982,0.001012183,0.0003525668,0.0004084268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967996,0.0007358221,0.0008265523,0.0008125484,0.0005369421,0.0002884631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001190581,0.00005726931,0.00002524227,0.004387897,0.0001070117,0.000002103101,0.00244484,0.006700944,0.0000101603,0.003790413,0.0003557617,0.9821172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003079233,0.0001302288,0.00001764077,0.2795775,0.0006071894,0.00005969944,0.002469081,0.4924552,0.00006945502,0.009135164,0.2141086,0.001339426],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000138226,0.6924694,0.3046433,0.001408211,0.0008974302,0.0003719344,0.0000115779,0.00004401193,0.0000160123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002351517,0.9843808,0.01197555,0.0005799273,0.0003435854,0.00001547735,0.0001028955,0.0000416738,0.0002085739],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9807777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408666410","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100397","title":"Enhancing student reflections with natural language processing based scaffolding: A quasi-experimental study in a large lecture course","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Institute of Education Sciences; U.S. Department of Education; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Course (navigation); Scaffold; Computer science; Mathematics education; Natural (archaeology); Psychology; Programming language; Physics; Biology; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Muhsin Menekşe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiwon Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmed Ashraf Butt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. McDaniel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ido Davidesco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle L. Cadieux","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diane Litman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04165930713304806,"gpt":0.4772478635348203,"spread":0.4355885564017722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007873558,0.0001376459,0.0001589939,0.0002719269,0.0003048238,0.0001219808,0.0001158163,0.0000437352,0.00003926161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004828711,0.0001220148,0.00001949659,0.0007165109,0.00005384927,0.00006014,0.00002820505,0.0003409716,0.000004580404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009317061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002521678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000193399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003312443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986603,0.0004057314,0.0002585902,0.000357716,0.0001011192,0.0002164972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995236,0.0001155594,0.00008496691,0.0001538508,0.00008171571,0.00004023908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003175191,0.02012358,0.05690578,0.0000510915,0.00008816478,0.00001702005,0.3351142,0.0006382101,0.004747068,0.006209373,0.0002461893,0.5755418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007256569,0.002741149,0.1699166,0.001058133,0.00009823988,0.00002420491,0.7718444,0.03481282,0.01627102,0.0004963615,0.001081774,0.0009295922],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6746624,0.0008644797,0.3225435,0.0003031282,0.0009331313,0.0002639328,2.678662e-7,0.00004852907,0.0003806856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992362,3.241047e-7,0.006591071,0.0006377467,0.0001017189,0.00006653662,0.000004754583,0.00001012352,0.0002256731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5746123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4975619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414871762","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100486","title":"Are pre-service teachers ready to teach the Alpha generation? The impact of pre-service teachers' ChatGPT literacy levels on behavioral intentions toward ChatGPT-4.0","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Usability; Literacy; Perception; Test (biology); Scale (ratio); Technology acceptance model","authors":[{"name":"Eylem Kılıç","is_ca":false},{"name":"Firas Almasri","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Eray Çelik","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2135427745836329,"gpt":0.480145984827646,"spread":0.2666032102440131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006200264,0.0003247803,0.0003616069,0.0003198548,0.0005613056,0.0002483177,0.0004722498,0.0001674891,0.00008283152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003486557,0.0002200529,0.0001606568,0.001202605,0.0001588297,0.0002393585,0.0001142482,0.00053417,0.0000602394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003189616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009021768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006597123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001187873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974809,0.0002315548,0.0009468609,0.0005771222,0.0003616336,0.0004019215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970425,0.0003280537,0.0003767113,0.0008213664,0.00118504,0.0002463102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002581341,0.002087022,0.01096852,0.0001158603,0.0001250242,8.925325e-7,0.1349046,0.002405137,0.003607869,0.002323609,0.01783656,0.8253667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002188169,0.003928985,0.5427941,0.004167147,0.001050098,0.00009886854,0.2042094,0.1151767,0.08137988,0.01568138,0.02933489,0.001959759],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9387278,0.0003386733,0.01844397,0.03866293,0.002054856,0.001527572,0.00002051834,0.00006117255,0.0001625124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904485,0.00005310056,0.0007409065,0.007019923,0.0007851291,0.0002472932,0.00006793501,0.00002547399,0.0006117529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.823407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}