{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":20,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":20,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"9b6ab97e5eb8","filters":{"venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy"}},"results":[{"id":"W2091832461","doi":"10.1007/s11572-010-9091-8","title":"Psychologising Jekyll, Demonising Hyde: The Strange Case of Criminal Responsibility","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Cambridge; Leverhulme Trust; York University","keywords":"Innocence; Criminalization; Argument (complex analysis); Legitimacy; Attribution; Subjectivity; Criminal law; Sociology; Criminology; Law; Psychology; Epistemology; Political science; Philosophy; Social psychology; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Nicola Lacey","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05113766808298963,"gpt":0.3485476945482813,"spread":0.2974100264652917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001471941,0.000171608,0.000240577,0.000049097,0.00140154,0.0001128754,0.0002942277,0.0001705016,0.00009655525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002160239,0.0001281196,0.0001177271,0.0001365415,0.002374812,0.0002255005,0.00004504863,0.0004732287,0.000006630954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001333954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008216236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004084766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005644571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984138,0.0003054202,0.0003405418,0.0003394623,0.0002507603,0.0003500395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987025,0.0004252094,0.0001386217,0.0004386343,0.0001224368,0.0001725928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002050823,0.0001037683,0.002277213,0.00005931788,0.00001722975,0.0001986356,0.02244281,4.763773e-7,0.002093146,0.9688982,0.00003806361,0.003666027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001782895,0.0007105333,0.01951448,0.0002502942,0.001153024,0.001775507,0.03287622,0.00008082165,0.007626483,0.9057153,0.02723489,0.001279537],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9074932,0.0002432542,0.0000276413,0.002150537,0.0003730918,0.0002007171,0.00001739337,0.0000383213,0.08945581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977224,0.00004021883,0.0004676041,0.001070437,0.0006609805,0.000003289755,0.000002106503,0.00001274243,0.0000201863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0902292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013559766","doi":"10.1007/s11572-009-9082-9","title":"The Limits of the Harm Principle","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Criminalization; Wrongdoing; Harm; Harm principle; Criminal law; Political science; Criminology; Law; Law and economics; Psychology; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Hamish Stewart","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07742329166126545,"gpt":0.293532753828886,"spread":0.2161094621676206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006629202,0.00007473429,0.00006900275,0.000007190088,0.0004178619,0.00002715198,0.0002752644,0.00002323285,0.000006287872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000638085,0.00003630754,0.00005217592,0.00007622461,0.0002967059,0.00005800862,0.00003924754,0.00009587095,0.000007319396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003108388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000558221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002240099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994185,0.00004360529,0.0001138717,0.0001439968,0.0001497279,0.0001303069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995707,0.00008848809,0.0000498593,0.0002353697,0.00001588608,0.00003974332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001799045,0.00003117598,0.0000219533,0.00001020646,6.862725e-7,0.000002331961,0.0001172796,8.554929e-7,0.03451881,0.9633057,0.00007104915,0.001902006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000215482,0.0002611139,0.004023035,0.00003900153,0.00002930286,0.00003053641,0.00001304773,0.00004044515,0.3188465,0.5909334,0.08543999,0.0001281508],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6703307,0.0004592504,0.00000421976,0.01302305,0.0003368563,0.0001763888,0.00001203578,0.00002493239,0.3156326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958506,0.00005387729,0.00001072881,0.003665006,0.000137998,0.000001988289,1.41602e-7,0.000003516218,0.0002760926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3723722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3213898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088240030","doi":"10.1007/s11572-010-9095-4","title":"Making Room for Hate Crime Legislation in Liberal Societies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Legislation; Punishment (psychology); Criminal law; Politics; Law; Argument (complex analysis); Political science; State (computer science); Character (mathematics); Construct (python library); Philosophy of law; Hate crime; Moral character; Sociology; Criminology; Law and economics; Psychology; Public law; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Mohamad Al-Hakim","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09184773450863809,"gpt":0.3077948672952955,"spread":0.2159471327866574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008871263,0.0001068952,0.0001067021,0.00003582682,0.000205338,0.00006980763,0.000107083,0.00006640142,0.00002159937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004662383,0.00009539435,0.0000506009,0.00005374274,0.0001465993,0.0002646875,0.00003444222,0.000169828,0.000007812938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000049364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001122977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009850835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001751099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993017,0.00002061022,0.0001354757,0.0002522452,0.00009795446,0.0001920199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997027,0.00009083022,0.00004107527,0.0001094677,0.00001674024,0.00003918474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004546707,0.00003736049,0.0001133613,0.00006886832,8.990631e-7,0.000006392932,0.0005587116,0.000002298394,0.1340505,0.863533,0.0002531745,0.001329972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004376698,0.000132422,0.001086763,0.00003983299,0.00001767677,0.00001812699,0.00001805552,0.0006277347,0.04988945,0.9344171,0.0130979,0.0002173293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8356467,0.0001194391,0.0001302506,0.002811558,0.0007018371,0.0003032796,0.00002945486,0.00006527823,0.1601921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962318,0.000007241507,0.0005500105,0.002445597,0.0004390463,0.00002084513,0.000002928611,0.00001221138,0.0002903321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.160585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3890069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321443609","doi":"10.1007/s11572-023-09661-z","title":"Moral Entanglement in Group Decision-Making: Explaining an Odd Rule in Corporate Criminal Liability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Commit; Moral obligation; Obligation; Action (physics); Law; Law and economics; Moral agency; Business; Corporate group; Political science; Corporate governance; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Sylvia Rich","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1070796618255389,"gpt":0.311832485958527,"spread":0.2047528241329881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058748,0.0001941487,0.0002377845,0.0001386255,0.0001856628,0.00004202921,0.0002230969,0.0001009356,0.0005843858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005789999,0.0001901818,0.00004705603,0.0003885699,0.0004055483,0.0004024146,0.0002099033,0.0002137236,0.0001457455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009065396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001162832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005190586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001306574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998327,0.000149368,0.000393193,0.0005252777,0.0002515631,0.000353566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993278,0.0001684959,0.0001035653,0.0002669604,0.000009658331,0.0001235184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004093907,0.000404531,0.8681691,0.00006056724,0.000008417305,0.0003438568,0.003101935,0.0006506596,0.0004129598,0.1165111,0.0002071437,0.009720296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006036704,0.0002149406,0.5747699,0.00008462503,0.00003891482,0.00001495018,0.001351333,0.001784817,0.00008207659,0.4201969,0.0005605235,0.0002973143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988852,0.00003341191,0.00003415997,0.0006260687,0.0000985149,0.000143863,0.000008909772,0.00005208034,0.01015098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966913,0.00001725469,0.0008752529,0.002267685,0.00005002192,0.00003457744,0.0000355983,0.00001248793,0.000015849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3036858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7755389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985313768","doi":"10.1007/s11572-015-9367-0","title":"How Democratic is Civil Disobedience?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Argument (complex analysis); Nothing; Civil disobedience; Paternalism; Law; Conscience; Conviction; Political science; Sociology; Law and economics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Weinstock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1300774128888309,"gpt":0.3326730855339129,"spread":0.202595672645082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004579635,0.0001396422,0.0001757076,0.00003167612,0.0006529064,0.0001850126,0.0002206334,0.0001557907,0.0000343689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002629035,0.0001245491,0.00006161036,0.0001178883,0.001489031,0.0004356926,0.00006145999,0.000244912,0.00004320706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003943184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001306435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005282082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002931202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986051,0.0001328751,0.0001266844,0.0002609123,0.0004659939,0.0004084549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988348,0.0001437747,0.00003999074,0.0001689953,0.0001286503,0.0006837806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001396361,0.00003393749,0.00006040929,0.00003833032,0.00000622101,0.000008508516,0.01129907,7.496246e-8,0.000006763428,0.9871334,0.00122724,0.0001721041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001642039,0.0001029453,0.0000201326,0.00002416384,0.00004363203,0.000003100188,0.001447859,0.000008597186,0.00006021343,0.9147241,0.08323456,0.0001664749],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01228567,0.00052556,0.00006919983,0.09674368,0.0003799378,0.0001178702,0.00001868864,0.00007026406,0.8897891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858271,0.00004238794,0.0001387219,0.01163185,0.001539608,0.000007841849,0.000002880522,0.000009483223,0.0008001094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9735414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5486397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306290714","doi":"10.1007/s11572-022-09647-3","title":"Imprisonment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; York University","keywords":"Imprisonment; Prison; Political science; Life imprisonment; Politics; State (computer science); Law; Criminology; Sociology; Law and economics; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Hadassa Noorda","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03451706631036398,"gpt":0.2975118435443652,"spread":0.2629947772340012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002387261,0.00006094311,0.00008568168,0.00004527505,0.002207005,0.00004494215,0.0001121069,0.0000175752,0.0008935086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008273873,0.0000565121,0.00006117082,0.0001465559,0.0001730503,0.00006972883,0.00008561269,0.0001223969,0.00001563698],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005973074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00711761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007739238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992188,0.0001000299,0.00009256636,0.0001602229,0.0002705257,0.0001578628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997119,0.00004272232,0.00003174679,0.00009803693,0.00002177906,0.00009387046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000261309,0.0000790131,0.0001013844,0.00001265214,0.00001494136,0.00001252994,0.01581674,0.0000147993,0.00002917832,0.9681665,0.0002750016,0.01545111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001361393,0.0001999918,0.00004872278,0.000003746117,0.0003859885,0.00001145511,0.1957049,0.00003946726,0.00002386327,0.05293796,0.7503165,0.0001912289],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4770436,0.0008734675,0.0001594326,0.005731915,0.0006330405,0.0001597726,0.0000203505,0.00008572375,0.5152926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721,0.0000782832,0.00006253317,0.001828367,0.0003123106,0.00003194364,0.000004456499,0.000005040348,0.000467112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9152285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123533161","doi":"10.1007/s11572-013-9287-9","title":"Corporations and the Presumption of Innocence","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Presumption of innocence; Presumption; Law; Law and economics; Culpability; Political science; Enforcement; Innocence; Criminal law; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Roger A. Shiner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0516368330629904,"gpt":0.2415008358506514,"spread":0.189864002787661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004884881,0.00005286619,0.00006940336,0.0000133928,0.0001500717,0.00002921413,0.00006937006,0.00001880396,0.00003000918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004007104,0.00003184361,0.00001493305,0.00004958458,0.0006935232,0.000172295,0.00003515445,0.00005187576,0.0000117519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000112373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004286417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009749513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002350512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995989,0.00004254202,0.0001001475,0.0001189935,0.00007690506,0.00006257755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997004,0.00009754206,0.00004882032,0.0000984772,0.00002396378,0.00003083663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001605356,0.00001409844,0.00007298085,0.00003066766,6.962708e-7,5.248415e-7,0.0002233763,5.788044e-7,0.02055805,0.978376,0.00005706312,0.0006499465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004588757,0.00008742431,0.00266937,0.00002435507,0.00002443388,0.0000216709,0.00002487228,0.0004190126,0.02122867,0.9740902,0.000867639,0.00008348738],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9189074,0.0002868095,0.00007030633,0.003901271,0.00008680277,0.0002674991,0.00001121736,0.00001724164,0.07645144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986684,0.0000739682,0.00005770788,0.001060699,0.00005650992,0.00001463591,7.328192e-7,0.000002731123,0.00006459084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07976101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2555315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015608171","doi":"10.1007/s11572-014-9294-5","title":"International Criminal Courts and Political Reconciliation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Transitional justice; Politics; Political science; Criminal justice; Law; Function (biology); Political philosophy; Economic Justice; Order (exchange); Law and economics; International relations; Sociology; Criminology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Tracy Isaacs","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03887709928456024,"gpt":0.3088067301759261,"spread":0.2699296308913659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003050421,0.0000938779,0.0001041321,0.00004608857,0.0005265237,0.0001373285,0.0001195179,0.00007493735,0.0002250562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005572332,0.00008725414,0.00003308061,0.000009454084,0.0005227957,0.0002376501,0.00003204492,0.00009918871,0.00002564541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004610277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002818226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007681398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000179458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990581,0.00008043886,0.000145305,0.0002082341,0.0002986763,0.0002091998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994437,0.0001247987,0.00004310749,0.00006545681,0.0001402672,0.0001826432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002736736,0.00002248571,0.00008801064,0.00001540901,0.000009025652,0.000002597459,0.001172652,9.767025e-8,0.00001209054,0.9980285,0.00006976601,0.0005519537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000193948,0.00006345144,0.0008018875,0.00001962811,0.00003425374,0.000008157989,0.00007824408,0.0000552415,0.00004350817,0.8447938,0.1537971,0.0001107323],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2841656,0.00001943097,0.00009627384,0.005555373,0.0004134717,0.0000596856,0.00001001953,0.00002961403,0.7096505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942249,0.000009936492,0.0002581672,0.002720641,0.001917425,0.000004985634,0.00001531614,0.000006574827,0.000842076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7100593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4049648,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319233956","doi":"10.1007/s11572-023-09656-w","title":"The Human Right to Adequate Social Inclusion: A Reply to Critics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Nothing; Human rights; Philosophy of law; Inclusion (mineral); Normative; Law; Sociology; Political science; Argumentative; Fundamental rights; Law and economics; Epistemology; Social science; Philosophy; Comparative law","authors":[{"name":"Kimberley Brownlee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1048353922726079,"gpt":0.3841607824119783,"spread":0.2793253901393705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001081984,0.0001434246,0.0001655092,0.00005921907,0.01045181,0.0001774641,0.0004140934,0.0001264621,0.00003919846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002874722,0.0001141713,0.00008197841,0.0003918754,0.0009074614,0.0001074383,0.0006356816,0.0002875545,0.0003036182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005284669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006454963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001570033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004900009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980886,0.0002122959,0.0002307569,0.0003049601,0.0005516413,0.0006117238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986708,0.0004538595,0.0000276401,0.0002048976,0.0001401219,0.0005027442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002281364,0.00001924765,0.000004028976,0.00002019621,0.000007987816,0.00002691527,0.02824541,3.343355e-7,0.00003356811,0.9672517,0.003994018,0.0003738461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005915095,0.00007940298,0.00007539977,0.00001711429,0.00002153352,6.490807e-7,0.0006322098,8.643778e-7,0.00003426253,0.6563302,0.342626,0.0001231879],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03764883,0.00006348628,0.00001442798,0.4102191,0.0004827913,0.0002636513,0.00003288322,0.0001664453,0.5511084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9516184,0.00001074039,0.00003412543,0.04434905,0.003048555,0.00003369679,0.000005005891,0.00001522193,0.0008851922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9139696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9908364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W115891793","doi":"10.1007/s11572-011-9128-7","title":"Larry May: Genocide: A Normative Account","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Philosophy of law; Genocide; Political science; Criminology; Law; Sociology; Law and economics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Comparative law","authors":[{"name":"Richard Vernon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06763966226043937,"gpt":0.2963568942322409,"spread":0.2287172319718015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000224892,0.0001075298,0.0001298236,0.00002647496,0.0005324687,0.00005597917,0.0001699258,0.00009850749,0.0001150072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001831269,0.0001021535,0.00005377879,0.00007981492,0.0005080897,0.0003042041,0.00005196296,0.0001295901,0.00009457166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003064499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004465801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006829278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002301502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991738,0.00007740358,0.0001230936,0.00016481,0.0002047129,0.0002561772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995781,0.00002820118,0.00004783675,0.0001144335,0.00007859792,0.0001528099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002396902,0.0000258765,0.0002229305,0.0000207896,0.00001050366,0.00001565489,0.03520823,6.420064e-8,0.000005586476,0.9638242,0.0002138173,0.0004283759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000174186,0.00009714263,0.0007834091,0.0000214158,0.00006055498,0.000005730199,0.005085036,0.000008283831,0.000027708,0.8993966,0.09412213,0.0002178078],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1636558,0.0003079727,0.00003737295,0.001440386,0.0001712586,0.0001218703,0.00002401606,0.00005265751,0.8341886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995739,0.0001100763,0.0005296886,0.003193322,0.0002848349,0.000005459272,0.000006323159,0.000006685505,0.0001245794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8340641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056480382","doi":"10.1007/s11572-010-9097-2","title":"What are Intoxicated Offenders Responsible for? The “Intoxication Defense” Re-examined","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Statutory law; Criminal law; Criminal liability; Criminal justice; Law; Political science; Liability; Common law; Criminology; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Susan Dimock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09358147852833046,"gpt":0.2924230837223339,"spread":0.1988416051940035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002160841,0.0001568579,0.0001298222,0.00004710744,0.0005777412,0.000174436,0.0002865308,0.00009359499,0.00004005644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003009325,0.0001070548,0.0000704343,0.0001429207,0.0004617967,0.000368454,0.00005606873,0.0002378652,0.00002432602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007163974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002414784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001978992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008933506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989802,0.00006398465,0.0001770243,0.0003849022,0.0001654496,0.0002284867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987998,0.0005438774,0.00009751723,0.000403468,0.00005266297,0.0001026931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002118239,0.00005121363,0.00001757979,0.0000486495,0.000004138035,0.000006481454,0.0004792906,0.000001221251,0.3327675,0.6640706,0.0003617336,0.001979811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007765559,0.0003689025,0.001565272,0.0000804572,0.0001254273,0.00008237408,0.0006514909,0.0008398769,0.3947324,0.5508938,0.04943867,0.0004447461],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8950542,0.0008579812,0.0004952637,0.05096656,0.003384531,0.001212295,0.00006464813,0.0002527668,0.04771176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941373,0.0001386362,0.0001669214,0.004854398,0.0003536702,0.0000494215,0.000005621359,0.00001780392,0.0002762548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1131768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4443577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024265889","doi":"10.1007/s11572-014-9297-2","title":"Transition, Trust and Partial Legality: On Colleen Murphy’s A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of legality; Political philosophy; Politics; Transformative learning; Philosophy of law; Law and economics; Sociology; Law; Political science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Public law","authors":[{"name":"Cindy Holder","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09068746238915593,"gpt":0.3195217146033792,"spread":0.2288342522142233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009336668,0.0001187109,0.0002221667,0.00003817938,0.0004467868,0.00004091097,0.00008036738,0.0001760661,0.00003869763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002447049,0.0001116353,0.00006100314,0.00006362193,0.001698214,0.0001571395,0.00001516743,0.0001984222,0.000005559218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002776118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006460214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000933842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005601973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998475,0.0004867886,0.0002253243,0.000224838,0.0002770782,0.0003109845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989515,0.0004890034,0.00004553533,0.0001190887,0.00008877771,0.0003061282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001905601,0.00007461521,0.000051507,0.00008077868,0.00001082166,0.000001296547,0.003452477,5.48845e-7,0.00001163299,0.9957091,0.00001402432,0.0004026433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003633768,0.0003779859,0.0004530204,0.0000437091,0.0000807782,0.000001705612,0.0005139146,0.00004725926,0.0002450215,0.9937971,0.003942804,0.000133311],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2737025,0.00005850564,0.00025058,0.03031046,0.0001802621,0.0001991477,0.00008177746,0.00004461369,0.6951721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933236,0.000009064193,0.00005167166,0.005637371,0.000919385,0.000006801517,0.000007192745,0.000007631163,0.00003725339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7196211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6257141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008965740","doi":"10.1007/s11572-011-9118-9","title":"The Constitution of Criminal Law: Justifications, Policing and the State’s Fiduciary Duties","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Constitution; Criminal law; State (computer science); Criminal procedure; Order (exchange); Constitutional law; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Malcolm Thorburn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0861889336124077,"gpt":0.2639021752315209,"spread":0.1777132416191132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002240446,0.0001132227,0.0001249562,0.00002223483,0.0009314042,0.00004873473,0.0001779946,0.00002994568,0.00001126522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007599333,0.00006231902,0.00003881283,0.00005817877,0.003701771,0.0001553183,0.00006916846,0.0001207805,0.000005745148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005074628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002302147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001828724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008915782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991696,0.0001201047,0.0002137286,0.0001989717,0.0001362182,0.0001613023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993142,0.0002772633,0.00009442197,0.0002218154,0.00003987594,0.00005237793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001367707,0.00002538352,0.00001933195,0.00006743273,0.00000362938,0.000003318886,0.002984416,6.002148e-7,0.002505464,0.9935379,0.00003879704,0.0006769788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005438619,0.0001231003,0.0007029559,0.00006471267,0.0001743737,0.0001014681,0.0006126072,0.00007676462,0.0580119,0.9354591,0.003955344,0.0001737737],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6149932,0.002182104,0.00007993004,0.003195444,0.0004546457,0.0003973042,0.00007133517,0.0000487871,0.3785773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979955,0.0003836176,0.00004643371,0.001383455,0.00009732688,0.00001251444,0.000001162575,0.000005039088,0.00007495676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3830023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1501113772","doi":"10.1007/s11572-006-9007-9","title":"A. P. Simester (ed): Appraising Strict Liability","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Conviction; Liability; Strict liability; Sophistication; Normative; Criminal liability; Law and economics; Due diligence; Law; Criminal law; Recklessness; Political science; Relation (database); Culpability; Philosophy of law; Business; Sociology; Comparative law","authors":[{"name":"Roger A. Shiner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeremy Hoemsen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03654291292939747,"gpt":0.224651468550642,"spread":0.1881085556212445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005076678,0.0001821903,0.0004905942,0.00008276947,0.0002552698,0.000165996,0.0001586292,0.0001408042,0.0001230863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002411195,0.0002428899,0.0001366901,0.00007514434,0.0003118336,0.000322205,0.00005955465,0.0001353136,0.0003157556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005856382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001128356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002933408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006259269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983763,0.00002698229,0.000706997,0.000533142,0.00003334984,0.0003232305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999184,0.00008974174,0.0002577239,0.0003290777,0.00002580675,0.0001136324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002675876,0.00007606763,0.01195755,0.0000867638,0.00001591176,0.000003742319,0.00009642071,0.00001210977,0.000005950844,0.9870239,0.0005699854,0.0001248178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004311596,0.00008696091,0.005671503,0.00001836486,0.00001734123,0.00000942157,0.0000196967,0.0001335664,0.00005348775,0.8908367,0.1023768,0.0003451123],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2509027,0.002754342,0.0003954719,0.0006651633,0.0006582852,0.0002116429,0.0001378055,0.00005838621,0.7442162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972293,0.00004652341,0.000160064,0.0008538749,0.001459807,0.00001248404,0.00002796022,0.00002794955,0.0001819796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7463267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9904765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W146624926","doi":"10.1007/s11572-013-9241-x","title":"Richard Vernon: Cosmopolitan Regard: Political Membership and Global Justice","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of law; Politics; Political philosophy; Global justice; Economic Justice; Law; Cosmopolitanism; Law and economics; Sociology; Political science; Criminology; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Comparative law","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Lu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0357434451589683,"gpt":0.3069133000823983,"spread":0.27116985492343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001893343,0.0001518822,0.0001870543,0.00001717219,0.0005916988,0.0002004824,0.0001539028,0.0001518653,0.00008893538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008044539,0.0001474253,0.00004898998,0.00009103735,0.0009786994,0.0002924702,0.0000737439,0.0001437049,0.00007714898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005013574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008393538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006966448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986141,0.0001218749,0.0001524787,0.0002742982,0.0003001924,0.0005370547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990515,0.00009518861,0.00003491483,0.0001363354,0.0001065894,0.0005754902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001567538,0.00003179023,0.0007820796,0.00008732835,0.00001012919,0.00001067911,0.001049429,5.545957e-8,0.000001390391,0.9963982,0.001472433,0.0001407724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002375423,0.0001001083,0.00103285,0.00002805186,0.0001630349,0.00001679216,0.004514842,0.00003189542,0.000001921993,0.9722467,0.02141266,0.000213614],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2352829,0.0006559702,0.000007130304,0.01232077,0.0002167401,0.0001697978,0.00004089928,0.00005344805,0.7512523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930428,0.00007499356,0.0001554691,0.005873329,0.0006598847,0.000006528942,0.000007562465,0.000006755065,0.0001726827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7577599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205736006","doi":"10.1007/s11572-022-09626-8","title":"Recklessness and Circumstances in Criminal Attempts","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Recklessness; Commit; Law; Criminal law; Element (criminal law); Criminology; Nothing; Culpability; Psychology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Yang Di","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06361104199741797,"gpt":0.2695897623206611,"spread":0.2059787203232431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001421253,0.000142035,0.0001741351,0.00007422766,0.0004838911,0.00004553734,0.0001766794,0.00002739522,0.0001005137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002424403,0.0001363846,0.00002823659,0.0001597562,0.0002901545,0.0001793503,0.0001748482,0.000234453,0.000004865391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001863993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001656768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001107683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003239242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987801,0.0001307959,0.0001777924,0.0004446196,0.0002315502,0.0002351262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999602,0.0001030911,0.00004878505,0.0001474929,0.000009200974,0.00008946899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001388891,0.0001364982,0.001134864,0.0002326626,0.000001780421,0.0003353127,0.002081216,0.000008013787,0.01640077,0.9761607,0.00006555369,0.003303715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002143731,0.001232302,0.008996456,0.0001536253,0.0001140691,0.0008829738,0.002262659,0.0002799981,0.02064393,0.9168721,0.04518797,0.00123017],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9445238,0.0009023422,0.000004488338,0.001119954,0.0002702069,0.0001214391,0.00003648535,0.00002988606,0.05299147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970689,0.00008127427,0.00002541515,0.002563635,0.0001265842,0.00003786331,0.000002552557,0.00001219456,0.00008156534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05928861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5561604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2893309120","doi":"10.1007/s11572-018-9480-y","title":"Review of Colleen Murphy, The Conceptual Foundations of Transitional Justice","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of law; Economic Justice; Sociology; Law and economics; Law; Criminology; Transitional justice; Political science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Public law","authors":[{"name":"Catherine Lu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07624125818631174,"gpt":0.3532874307723015,"spread":0.2770461725859898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002549082,0.00005256802,0.0001136137,0.00001572044,0.0005711595,0.00001046887,0.0001454805,0.00002848994,0.0007543992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002695456,0.00003710048,0.00005719287,0.00004270063,0.002666184,0.00008743985,0.00001217079,0.00004729694,0.00001095909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009500292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009302205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003684099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993316,0.00008727391,0.0001810559,0.00008548109,0.0002370303,0.00007758597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992509,0.0001631567,0.00008174211,0.00007356874,0.0003940413,0.00003658063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001666476,0.00003223202,0.000001637646,0.0003267099,0.00001423971,2.855997e-7,0.002977677,5.331358e-8,0.00001307008,0.9960058,0.0005818235,0.00002976862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001601303,0.0001541293,0.0000734209,0.000840697,0.0002486999,0.000002273964,0.0003071649,0.000002383954,0.0001397576,0.798642,0.1993535,0.00007588312],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02772863,0.00208145,0.00009751967,0.00640408,0.0002995853,0.0002628879,0.0001242265,0.00001059271,0.962991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953822,0.0003294312,0.0001133207,0.003062004,0.0007748285,0.000005587645,0.00001354046,0.000002961703,0.0003161376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9676536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9823666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414612883","doi":"10.1007/s11572-025-09766-7","title":"‘Privacy at the Limits of Control’","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Control (management); Philosophy of law; Class (philosophy); Information privacy; Criminal law; Legal aspects of computing","authors":[{"name":"Dominic Alford‐Duguid","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tashi Alford-Duguid","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05227245246523691,"gpt":0.2497958780921642,"spread":0.1975234256269273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005083204,0.00008523252,0.0001501982,0.00001907386,0.0003319476,0.00002613761,0.0001121343,0.00002591738,0.0001758736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001263694,0.00005227794,0.00006780731,0.00001517658,0.0006862798,0.00005201009,0.0000395496,0.00007716745,0.00001809101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001362181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001271889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002229418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008374196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995096,0.00003003682,0.0001610251,0.0001098818,0.00007687099,0.000112575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995829,0.0001472459,0.00003121643,0.0001442814,0.00005002065,0.00004436781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006014272,0.00003483579,0.00003056215,0.00007750813,0.00002143765,0.000001756381,0.001284706,1.982318e-7,0.00001601024,0.9970922,0.0009654283,0.0004152011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002140187,0.00007070819,0.00004143956,0.00002252712,0.00006912983,6.456262e-7,0.00006735698,0.00002366747,0.00002429019,0.3874387,0.6119715,0.0000559683],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0282616,0.001236462,0.00002339628,0.007298954,0.000257535,0.00008291742,0.00006363443,0.00001700135,0.9627585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835834,0.00000949179,0.000003431715,0.005464729,0.0002281184,0.000006122847,0.000005207661,0.000004138609,0.01069537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9553218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2553106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368375780","doi":"10.1007/s11572-023-09672-w","title":"Gopal Sreenivasan, Emotion and Virtue: Five Questions About Courage","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Courage; Virtue; Argument (complex analysis); Philosophy; Epistemology; Focus (optics); Epistemic virtue; Psychology; Theology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Rachel Barney","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06469509354936508,"gpt":0.3226367709075819,"spread":0.2579416773582168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001725448,0.0001979701,0.0002334433,0.00009339165,0.0004873766,0.0000557303,0.00008801252,0.0001270681,0.00007987343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001798827,0.0001840537,0.00005864373,0.0001335054,0.0004378715,0.000117972,0.00006049774,0.0002316363,0.0002736649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001246683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009714653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003149739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005779134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989245,0.00009473846,0.0001896359,0.0003721878,0.0001380512,0.0002809128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994116,0.0001426001,0.00005574675,0.0002035066,0.00005471781,0.0001318733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009134664,0.00006023195,0.0004050582,0.0001203499,0.00008234966,0.0001016303,0.01927632,0.000001178036,0.00005397359,0.9742361,0.004039907,0.001531536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003860788,0.001626251,0.1350987,0.0004083824,0.0009345727,0.0003079342,0.07935386,0.0001362781,0.00006948255,0.7372898,0.03946251,0.001451466],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.827063,0.002345013,0.00006577556,0.009492717,0.0007893886,0.0002520694,0.00009160373,0.0002695672,0.1596308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966111,0.000171375,0.00003609567,0.0007604682,0.0007469495,0.00003006313,0.00003136355,0.00002370985,0.001588843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2369463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7505492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770759519","doi":"10.1007/s11572-017-9450-9","title":"Right, Crime, and Court: Toward a Unifying Political Conception of International Law","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Criminal Law and Philosophy","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universitetet i Oslo; York University","keywords":"Normative; Law; Adjudication; Politics; Philosophy of law; Political science; International law; Criminal law; Salient; Subject (documents); Sociology; Law and economics; State (computer science); Comparative law","authors":[{"name":"Alain Zysset","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07020777410911538,"gpt":0.3514510929136061,"spread":0.2812433188044907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001806822,0.00008704368,0.0001302985,0.00002912247,0.001051679,0.0001934614,0.0002361599,0.00007302639,0.0001749209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000257772,0.00007697287,0.00004220265,0.000005470515,0.001958262,0.0003700075,0.00006702841,0.00009465576,0.000007573443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000285471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003186693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003451212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004274761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991887,0.00004198793,0.0001528618,0.0001680666,0.0002780643,0.0001703435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994262,0.00006199134,0.0001000956,0.0001101015,0.0001717918,0.0001298193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003441415,0.00002893225,0.0001830936,0.00002567288,0.00001831703,0.000009518745,0.001043115,3.729712e-8,0.00004106964,0.998558,0.00001867493,0.00003912105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002867713,0.00005492055,0.001743994,0.00005551853,0.00003782431,0.000005171763,0.0001228452,0.00001080373,0.0003108666,0.9663527,0.0309145,0.0001041117],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1394429,0.00004702367,0.0000269832,0.004327775,0.000333651,0.00007233748,0.00003247431,0.00001462457,0.8557022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975593,0.00001482713,0.0001673507,0.0007420302,0.00101494,0.000003044863,0.000008745291,0.000005516234,0.0004842387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8581164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.808877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}