{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"2cebd5d72372","filters":{"venue":"Current Legal Problems"}},"results":[{"id":"W2212082324","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuv003","title":"Constitutionalizing Labour Rights in Canada and Europe: Freedom of Association, Collective Bargaining, and Strikes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Collective bargaining; Freedom of association; Academic freedom; Sociology; Political science; Law and economics; Law; Human rights; Higher education","authors":[{"name":"Judy Fudge","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02756312948620586,"gpt":0.2698128031595505,"spread":0.2422496736733446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005458938,0.0006617996,0.0009226931,0.002980832,0.02940985,0.02471135,0.002874295,0.006232484,0.005168079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01062082,0.0004070491,0.0009278366,0.004742057,0.04813004,0.005238203,0.007553465,0.00796837,0.0002591049],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1708637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1932133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9858371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9890251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9867132,0.001343351,0.000279839,0.001267358,0.004339749,0.006056539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958236,0.001426357,0.0002723566,0.0003327519,0.00118173,0.0009632242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001085883,0.000009425866,0.000779442,0.00001649551,0.000008685767,0.0001287901,0.006504798,0.0006755748,0.00005452499,0.982645,0.002799312,0.006367247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007246232,0.00003400106,0.016995,0.0009795044,0.0001096254,0.0002153741,0.04490776,0.002930084,0.000845082,0.5380595,0.39458,0.0002715292],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1488008,0.01715801,0.01075475,0.07548331,0.0009099209,0.00009720999,0.0003017086,0.00008865052,0.7464056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9498364,0.003835,0.002620242,0.007003015,0.0001496009,0.00005239404,0.000119855,0.00005079386,0.03633264],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8291363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9616806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4299655356","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuw014","title":"Massively Discretionary Trusts","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Settlor; Property (philosophy); Express trust; Law; Trust law; Constitution; Business; Blind trust; Law and economics; Political science; Sociology; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Lionel Smith","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07345307859784406,"gpt":0.389551883010245,"spread":0.3160988044124009,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03030646,0.0004706435,0.0005917188,0.001399692,0.008033442,0.01153987,0.002036456,0.004823238,0.00720379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06435137,0.000746088,0.0008620183,0.001451644,0.01854728,0.01100778,0.00850385,0.006276011,0.001552871],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007031734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009744241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006226864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00747071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.967632,0.01193799,0.003023831,0.004746593,0.01031711,0.002342529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9346035,0.03006857,0.00636776,0.01721431,0.009013598,0.002732344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007474487,0.000006749231,0.000327473,0.00002561711,0.000006428612,0.0001700704,0.003181558,0.0003012114,0.0001661931,0.9847408,0.00262897,0.008437573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002181995,0.00003951881,0.0007887411,0.0002287728,0.00002431038,0.0005117273,0.001464381,0.002427325,0.0006887813,0.8331491,0.1606053,0.00005038155],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07841737,0.003410287,0.3539543,0.04676211,0.001173208,0.0005112303,0.0002092033,0.0005444912,0.5150179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9099867,0.001062467,0.03708262,0.002360014,0.0004512433,0.0001804564,0.00007601192,0.0001096084,0.04869078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03030646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1602778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975764564","doi":"10.1093/clp/54.1.19","title":"Of Bulldogs and Soapy Sams: The Common Law and Evolutionary Theory","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"A. C. Hutchinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven N. Archer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03464496068291774,"gpt":0.2332687438526002,"spread":0.1986237831696825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005230643,0.0003659239,0.000774723,0.0007420828,0.005086206,0.006224828,0.002276147,0.01001211,0.008687567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01117251,0.0003794075,0.0006601064,0.001174583,0.03208437,0.01532714,0.003321668,0.008736662,0.000707781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002437717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002163303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005962634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007997639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979509,0.001090454,0.00006761416,0.0004857273,0.0002265085,0.0001788709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956792,0.002442464,0.0003641486,0.0009165739,0.0003825512,0.0002150484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002591908,0.000004642307,0.00006643094,0.000005548203,0.00000361815,0.00001472449,0.0005118395,0.0001509805,0.00001266417,0.9936355,0.003518855,0.002072589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003056831,0.000002263643,0.00006353101,0.00001412892,0.000001483583,0.00001584262,0.0001536112,0.0003791226,0.00001444305,0.9901704,0.009177564,0.000004517368],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05906332,0.01126518,0.1308182,0.428167,0.002312685,0.0000748466,0.000216761,0.0001695367,0.3679125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9012408,0.003012743,0.01603041,0.02714845,0.001600055,0.00009447903,0.00007200552,0.0001443067,0.05065676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01001211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02906275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297231997","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuac002","title":"The Perils of Progressive Jurisprudence: The <i>Nullum Crimen Sine Lege</i> Principle in International Criminal Law","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Principle of legality; Criminalization; Jurisprudence; Criminal law; Political science; International law; Context (archaeology); Expansive; Criminology; Sociology; History; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Payam Akhavan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02881583179007126,"gpt":0.3512631860642126,"spread":0.3224473542741413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0222725,0.0003049364,0.0006177053,0.001814604,0.005713904,0.01317481,0.002010092,0.007268855,0.002627057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02282796,0.0003559873,0.0005124413,0.001102593,0.1030688,0.01036431,0.007107019,0.01286719,0.0003342257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007517622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006218106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004196695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003557144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9841439,0.009457863,0.0004189647,0.001405738,0.003527585,0.001046025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.978518,0.01549442,0.001150023,0.002123173,0.001716775,0.0009974809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001466082,0.000004238763,0.00002797536,0.000004385662,5.181323e-7,0.00001196712,0.0008047726,0.0000295206,0.00001334913,0.9977192,0.0005985364,0.0007839656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008082996,0.000009406255,0.0001509091,0.00006365274,0.000001430075,0.00003307814,0.0007830936,0.0002552579,0.00003872412,0.975758,0.02289211,0.00000635856],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04931098,0.01218912,0.03067473,0.3510589,0.002164503,0.00008426365,0.00005077256,0.00007155914,0.5543951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686397,0.00180206,0.005161128,0.01274101,0.001838203,0.0001029249,0.0000198154,0.00004932303,0.009645872],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0222725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1177896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097946354","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuaa001","title":"Future Trade Relations between Canada and the United Kingdom","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Negotiation; CLARITY; Government (linguistics); International trade; Free trade agreement; Investment (military); Trade agreement; Political science; Kingdom; International economics; Free trade; Economics; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"C.M. A. de Mestral","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05119842958243753,"gpt":0.282857103814926,"spread":0.2316586742324884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003120593,0.0002039743,0.0002859246,0.00231807,0.0140228,0.01161323,0.001426782,0.003600762,0.01232243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006205455,0.000181901,0.0004719846,0.003874453,0.005451073,0.002725094,0.002820934,0.002781658,0.0006006099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1277982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2208505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9856492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9885821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943005,0.000619506,0.0001725244,0.0003714006,0.001951762,0.002584358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912615,0.000932938,0.0004495959,0.0002084411,0.004877171,0.002270319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000408672,0.00002102887,0.00679033,0.0001257835,0.00001872124,0.0006691798,0.007828863,0.001101153,0.0002679075,0.8606279,0.09161647,0.03089167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001546231,0.00002129927,0.01522625,0.0009682052,0.00002776124,0.0002003856,0.02289247,0.001028713,0.0002357391,0.03697414,0.9223221,0.00008755767],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.09498858,0.01971492,0.001426812,0.2525639,0.00137467,0.00008780613,0.0007064373,0.0000819131,0.629055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8896954,0.0094408,0.001947244,0.01762232,0.0001708437,0.00003639249,0.0003037572,0.00002624072,0.08075687],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1277982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9272451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417453622","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuaf006","title":"Accessibility and the Limits of the Equality Act 2010: Time for a UK Accessibility Act?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"Disability Rights and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Human rights; Legislation; Legislature; Convention; European union; Section (typography); Prioritization; Web accessibility","authors":[{"name":"Anna Lawson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07500849634109148,"gpt":0.4053675614358687,"spread":0.3303590650947772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02224044,0.0004777869,0.0008899566,0.001887965,0.005350615,0.01334634,0.002628804,0.01609668,0.01265545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06502499,0.0005561027,0.00100041,0.001216066,0.01266778,0.01356539,0.008635838,0.01243951,0.002442349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02514338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04610035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2139661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9582804,0.01464482,0.003720352,0.00312504,0.01360274,0.006626681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9631724,0.01952032,0.002465208,0.002240515,0.008097118,0.004504503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008319521,0.00007308141,0.001246803,0.0003302689,0.00001246145,0.0004075159,0.006877467,0.0003139105,0.0003204671,0.7489359,0.1928293,0.04856961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005324553,0.00009460341,0.005471799,0.002878771,0.0000285256,0.0003466804,0.008000699,0.0003836385,0.0003653628,0.04520965,0.936997,0.0001701115],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02278848,0.01995667,0.002656528,0.8178806,0.01115937,0.00006876855,0.0003160753,0.0001004307,0.1250731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5326889,0.01367323,0.007206685,0.3528349,0.003871513,0.0003622837,0.0004672819,0.0001333301,0.08876184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5579336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412109757","doi":"10.1093/clp/cuaf008","title":"Not Just in Outer Space: ‘Aliens’ in Immigration and Nationality Law","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Legal Problems","topic":"International Law and Aviation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nationality; Outer space; Immigration; Law; Space (punctuation); Political science; Immigration law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Devyani Prabhat","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03421929788224912,"gpt":0.3459380007759827,"spread":0.3117187028937335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01096709,0.000237984,0.0005159653,0.001647437,0.01791949,0.01669917,0.0016434,0.008389596,0.004650071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01221864,0.000395477,0.0004152691,0.00276124,0.06962916,0.01003804,0.0120221,0.009484392,0.000316926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02230459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01345736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1530975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1861419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9864985,0.007846531,0.0004349377,0.0008078041,0.001930931,0.002481305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9871498,0.009271083,0.0008789202,0.0005009462,0.001213954,0.0009851733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006345141,0.000008931313,0.0004173496,0.00001645417,0.000001500569,0.0001955881,0.02840714,0.00005840178,0.00002166121,0.9658514,0.003260679,0.001754421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002300486,0.00004872404,0.00424724,0.0009779016,0.00002299586,0.0004855855,0.08440784,0.0005197685,0.0001264406,0.4127711,0.4962775,0.00009194793],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1371966,0.01439681,0.003960852,0.1276607,0.001302857,0.0000434771,0.00005010387,0.00003161971,0.715357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9561803,0.002549309,0.0005032201,0.01491579,0.0005962253,0.00003626593,0.00001790001,0.00002963656,0.02517131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1530975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3044127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}