{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":12,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"11fb16dcc6ae","filters":{"venue":"Design Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W3129198085","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2021.1","title":"Design at hackathons: new opportunities for design research","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Computer science; Relevance (law); Process (computing); Design process; Divergence (linguistics); Management science; Psychology; Work in process; Engineering; Operations management","authors":[{"name":"Meagan Flus","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ada Hurst","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4921747933826887,"gpt":0.3693348870106852,"spread":0.1228399063720035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_broad"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1196495,0.001435226,0.003032883,0.01059225,0.004087918,0.02436897,0.003888309,0.005900798,0.009222694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1155348,0.001551178,0.002337186,0.01022745,0.02827182,0.04626624,0.008784018,0.008642768,0.001161181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009587023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01361665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001467608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002468166,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8764945,0.1040445,0.004602073,0.004233933,0.008888567,0.001736469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.575568,0.3832521,0.005704767,0.02020862,0.01193449,0.003332183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001366085,0.0003205582,0.002877232,0.01469889,0.0001819096,0.0004561101,0.05219537,0.001330463,0.0008417987,0.6261439,0.01138564,0.2894315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007828859,0.000339416,0.001610795,0.02875383,0.00010727,0.0006483587,0.05683435,0.001830987,0.0006623819,0.6025687,0.3064249,0.0001407884],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02820948,0.3880703,0.3633281,0.1405229,0.005417636,0.001330858,0.0003751406,0.0007979571,0.07194763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3803031,0.2159345,0.3721112,0.01684679,0.002921797,0.004103404,0.0003248736,0.0005713017,0.006883057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9969671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6327744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089150156","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.21","title":"Supporting designers: moving from method menagerie to method ecosystem","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Design methods; Position (finance); Position paper; Management science; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Business; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Kilian Gericke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claudia Eckert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felician Campean","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. John Clarkson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elias Flening","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ola Isaksson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Kokkolaras","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian Köhler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Massimo Panarotto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miriam Wilmsen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0738538227586374,"gpt":0.3742956831922356,"spread":0.3004418604335982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.09688051,0.001032006,0.0007543348,0.003985659,0.009032389,0.0223011,0.003002082,0.005266915,0.006985794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07224334,0.001565872,0.001174546,0.001455019,0.03261505,0.03280608,0.0287142,0.006977153,0.001719274],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006928496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01549326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001168966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001645169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8963655,0.08646343,0.002560121,0.004370157,0.007582495,0.002658152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8911448,0.06642643,0.006754831,0.01935651,0.007364466,0.008953016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002027722,0.0006955205,0.01272269,0.001393017,0.00007738108,0.0008270446,0.3379708,0.0008572673,0.003314942,0.4054292,0.008003464,0.2285059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001331801,0.0008313934,0.005249902,0.005582145,0.0000918342,0.001479552,0.1332328,0.003235929,0.004479514,0.267808,0.5777282,0.0001475757],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2042625,0.006445757,0.4896099,0.1100013,0.001820821,0.001536149,0.00007259388,0.001581353,0.1846696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7169943,0.001835369,0.2612399,0.006038914,0.0002473339,0.001082389,0.00005072506,0.0003498133,0.01216121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09688051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5123593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040286910","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.16","title":"Set-based design: a review and new directions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Documentation; New product development; Enabling; Process (computing); Set (abstract data type); Process management; Management science; Systems engineering; Knowledge management; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Boris Toche","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Pellerin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Clément Fortin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1219287723316738,"gpt":0.3163937387986119,"spread":0.1944649664669381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002937903,0.001178835,0.00219808,0.004649903,0.0005215401,0.002772547,0.001614212,0.001758478,0.007795637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004769974,0.0006732357,0.001352658,0.007097057,0.001425268,0.003616797,0.001338253,0.002325211,0.002339298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001619764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003890069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002160699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003122269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987131,0.0003497219,0.0002347771,0.0002065162,0.0004347945,0.00006107269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946406,0.004169542,0.0002767376,0.0001640442,0.0006401956,0.0001089357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006381328,0.0000995944,0.0001819106,0.07127348,0.0001700106,0.0001384287,0.0003268245,0.0007789318,0.0005308994,0.03031615,0.01705311,0.8790669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002036982,0.00008980947,0.0004378137,0.02397658,0.0002085331,0.0005381689,0.0001894644,0.0002166061,0.0002721504,0.00978788,0.9642239,0.00003873159],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007221603,0.9978453,0.0005260589,0.0003324232,0.0001636005,0.000007033232,0.00001266694,0.00000776628,0.001032894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008436153,0.9977177,0.0007967879,0.0002224009,0.0001340573,0.00001337003,0.00002159972,0.000004195347,0.000246278],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007795637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3106161917","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2020.28","title":"A tEEG framework for studying designer’s cognitive and affective states","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Context (archaeology); Electroencephalography; Process (computing); Cognition; Task (project management); Design process; Human–computer interaction; Cognitive science; Psychology; Systems engineering; Engineering; Work in process","authors":[{"name":"Mengting Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wenjun Jia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daocheng Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philon Nguyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thanh An Nguyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yong Zeng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09498394616434416,"gpt":0.3341817407797409,"spread":0.2391977946153967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003942356,0.001312736,0.0004948824,0.002378446,0.0005251266,0.003112427,0.001373413,0.001176636,0.005431024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00697221,0.0003723595,0.001053328,0.001457459,0.002595885,0.003500015,0.001688439,0.001104161,0.0008381982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001419324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00127423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001965205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001405752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978486,0.00133079,0.0001495707,0.0003270275,0.0002470747,0.00009694297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967229,0.002034554,0.0003304259,0.0003324932,0.0004700614,0.0001096215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008266108,0.0001208864,0.001798976,0.0005311879,0.00008448531,0.0002432997,0.002776383,0.02842901,0.004518366,0.8806969,0.001843933,0.07887404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006037028,0.0002318743,0.003380668,0.0004816287,0.00008301929,0.00032498,0.002580844,0.1864521,0.002291203,0.7702687,0.03377075,0.00007383057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005202412,0.0006274741,0.9795271,0.0005459544,0.00004401553,0.0001707779,0.0001814205,0.0001629056,0.01353796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3523607,0.001475682,0.639127,0.0003104288,0.00009586536,0.001661213,0.000321775,0.00006301675,0.004584442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005431024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02084941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285109023","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2022.12","title":"Communication patterns in engineering enterprise social networks: an exploratory analysis using short text topic modelling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Social network analysis; Set (abstract data type); Knowledge management; New product development; Social network (sociolinguistics); Exploratory research; Data science; Product (mathematics); Process (computing); Product design; Social media; World Wide Web; Management; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Sharon Ferguson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kathy Cheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Adolphe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Georgia Van de Zande","is_ca":false},{"name":"David R. Wallace","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison Olechowski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07802889857386103,"gpt":0.3001244374811094,"spread":0.2220955389072484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004338996,0.0003810966,0.0003638434,0.005365441,0.0006284182,0.001426824,0.0006695163,0.0005912407,0.001218416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02088769,0.0002396204,0.0007915451,0.00540959,0.0006549715,0.001825516,0.001085018,0.0006494936,0.0003569019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008064017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000532953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00410495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003783279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967879,0.002035194,0.000233781,0.0003511732,0.0004610938,0.0001309504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9531446,0.04066181,0.00273353,0.001395481,0.001758681,0.0003058976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008166212,0.0008339761,0.7059619,0.001360767,0.0004330519,0.001003415,0.08889503,0.02611831,0.01117904,0.009017123,0.003441909,0.1509389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007179299,0.0005998572,0.5742788,0.0003031287,0.0001741404,0.0008328752,0.05392171,0.3406632,0.005057877,0.01306345,0.01090245,0.0001307236],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9747468,0.0001098809,0.02186926,0.0001754308,0.000008738834,0.0002684983,0.001697307,0.00007533587,0.00104886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785479,0.00007463762,0.01840161,0.00001967876,0.00001611729,0.0005605323,0.001949172,0.00002303444,0.0004073423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005365441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02294707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409435353","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2025.7","title":"AI-driven FMEA: integration of large language models for faster and more accurate risk analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Lunds Universitet","keywords":"Computer science; Risk analysis (engineering); Linguistics; Business; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Ibtissam El Hassani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tawfik Masrour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nouhan Kourouma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jože Tavčar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03117296970543392,"gpt":0.3418963231019013,"spread":0.3107233533964674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003928443,0.0009152234,0.0004845661,0.001167373,0.0003541646,0.001823698,0.00158771,0.0008953222,0.003615675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01408669,0.0004451991,0.001127274,0.0005278453,0.0008824134,0.002195956,0.001777747,0.001899758,0.0008018303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001089888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001745276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005085366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004814717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978046,0.00110779,0.0001207488,0.0002323636,0.0006425053,0.00009197738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910746,0.006487444,0.0005379955,0.0009201187,0.0008365386,0.0001432703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002164771,0.0002507449,0.002221055,0.0003036906,0.000145035,0.0002506957,0.0006959927,0.7280832,0.0164957,0.048498,0.004533998,0.1983055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001411893,0.0000253791,0.0001101996,0.00002210444,0.00001266144,0.00002955327,0.00002541017,0.9826481,0.002477789,0.01225172,0.002370785,0.0000122435],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007244287,0.00007863084,0.9886232,0.0002194318,0.00002294105,0.00006058023,0.00006908985,0.002575979,0.00110589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2550735,0.0001075531,0.7424797,0.0001968153,0.00003021002,0.00016835,0.0003017457,0.0005793675,0.001062697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005085366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02077579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312229232","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2022.21","title":"Process considerations for Product Lifecycle Management implementation for high-value Engineering-to-Order programmes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Technology Assessment and Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Process management; Context (archaeology); Engineering; Product lifecycle; Shipbuilding; Thematic analysis; Process (computing); Product (mathematics); Engineering management; Knowledge management; New product development; Qualitative research; Computer science; Business; Sociology; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"D.A. McKendry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Ian Whitfield","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02145140842575283,"gpt":0.3063754468109468,"spread":0.284924038385194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0374925,0.0004924719,0.0002611555,0.001974474,0.004150351,0.0103933,0.001490406,0.002284349,0.002900632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03944742,0.0003771822,0.0006620239,0.001175188,0.004011619,0.005656089,0.003649754,0.00242941,0.000318683],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009879584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02399727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004266138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005407428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9600279,0.02723944,0.00131936,0.0007807111,0.00752528,0.00310734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9476864,0.03739496,0.005798241,0.00154017,0.005748671,0.0018316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003867816,0.001262532,0.03424234,0.00326359,0.00008107909,0.002808175,0.1817226,0.01554283,0.01450809,0.4399757,0.004159087,0.3020473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001869075,0.001876587,0.06373952,0.007410772,0.0001622003,0.001635126,0.4488994,0.0267935,0.02525576,0.1524561,0.2713023,0.0002817367],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5543458,0.001479587,0.2627686,0.02147839,0.000182927,0.003441863,0.0000992533,0.0002399226,0.1559636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9529721,0.0003549425,0.04413261,0.0002752376,0.00001450411,0.0003464536,0.0000361286,0.00001734427,0.001850647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0374925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1982816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378086294","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2023.12","title":"Complexity-driven layout exploration for aircraft structures","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Sonaca (Canada); Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Mitacs; Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation en Aérospatiale au Québec","keywords":"Heuristic; Topology optimization; Process (computing); Computer science; Metric (unit); Novelty; Stability (learning theory); Page layout; Engineering design process; Mathematical optimization; Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Jean-François Gamache","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aurélian Vadean","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mario Capo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Rochefort-Beaudoin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicolas Dodane","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sofiane Achiche","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09535367974575691,"gpt":0.2943641364003231,"spread":0.1990104566545661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000468833,0.0006157503,0.0004873528,0.0006242611,0.0003228438,0.0007061817,0.0005223809,0.0005084443,0.004032983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00155943,0.0003387987,0.0005359729,0.0003244659,0.00043433,0.0006418824,0.001040225,0.0006912882,0.0005596434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004311464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004929657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007415724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00152682,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996833,0.0001067813,0.00001029849,0.00003840941,0.0001193248,0.00004201065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990133,0.0005917069,0.00009215179,0.0001310806,0.000122256,0.00004945483],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113956,0.00009920794,0.00136912,0.0002036182,0.00003773425,0.000186865,0.0001978761,0.8691216,0.03197267,0.01165523,0.001647513,0.08339481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001876048,0.0001189212,0.0003515731,0.00001428911,0.000008243186,0.00007749774,0.00005937822,0.9795159,0.008122674,0.008122949,0.003577496,0.00001240209],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1905205,0.0004410975,0.7952419,0.0002662618,0.00004462804,0.0001177134,0.0001907771,0.001823789,0.01135343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6499103,0.0001424009,0.3459111,0.00007409279,0.00001182029,0.00009746636,0.0002797339,0.0003524163,0.003220674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004032983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01349163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403737571","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2024.34","title":"Contextual influences on trade-offs in engineering design: a qualitative study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Business","authors":[{"name":"Jordan Nickel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ada Hurst","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. Robert Duimering","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09532491357536511,"gpt":0.3808801540264231,"spread":0.285555240451058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08368953,0.0008616537,0.001289228,0.003847617,0.01384472,0.008032127,0.002934204,0.003404644,0.004305539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1276959,0.001538114,0.0006313159,0.003311206,0.02447352,0.01017908,0.009746707,0.005391327,0.0004562361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01178513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008982886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005995099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008207058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8743398,0.1100222,0.002577892,0.003074997,0.005972979,0.004012183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7066001,0.2641847,0.009182543,0.004690686,0.01067974,0.004662158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004198222,0.00005692944,0.00168979,0.0001784027,0.000005210359,0.0003801862,0.9911833,0.00009443919,0.0005047699,0.002658973,0.0001634359,0.003042714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001146952,0.00006782138,0.0008525472,0.000283792,0.000004694121,0.0001363835,0.9912511,0.0002572105,0.0003718508,0.001298534,0.005443778,0.00002068792],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9652348,0.0008891771,0.01822583,0.003860329,0.00008080927,0.0007287894,0.0001744973,0.00004415518,0.0107617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941929,0.0003997181,0.003293749,0.0004315731,0.00001250137,0.0005158558,0.0000334336,0.00002985825,0.001090459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08368953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4425979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410039870","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2025.9","title":"Methods as a form of engineering knowledge","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Martin Stacey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claudia Eckert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zachary Pirtle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Poznic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beth‐Anne Schuelke‐Leech","is_ca":true},{"name":"Loretta von der Tann","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04140659241596608,"gpt":0.4001953551791392,"spread":0.3587887627631731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02093122,0.0007481759,0.000959815,0.004732273,0.002924462,0.01505235,0.00268664,0.004327656,0.007391461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02605644,0.0008360214,0.0008761912,0.003724901,0.06405102,0.01914619,0.007263716,0.006010822,0.001627776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004942896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004879107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002047534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001260446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9720504,0.01668202,0.001713509,0.002223545,0.006626904,0.0007036682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9438716,0.03757198,0.002813359,0.01059784,0.004196853,0.0009483057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002500408,0.000006123731,0.00005636011,0.00006868153,0.000004254652,0.00002744864,0.001318896,0.0002396069,0.00004995082,0.9920976,0.00103364,0.005094836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006853907,0.000008668158,0.00005946364,0.0002520092,0.000004203593,0.00005975237,0.0004412061,0.0005591385,0.0001385359,0.926308,0.07215204,0.00001014099],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007649055,0.01110086,0.4752173,0.03884271,0.001405068,0.0002529576,0.0002532758,0.0003938992,0.4648848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5938697,0.01133713,0.3231389,0.008219649,0.002409539,0.001116718,0.0004671652,0.0004430001,0.05899807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9970756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1106963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138154021","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2021.4","title":"On the bead design in LFT structures: the influence of manufacturing-induced residual stresses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Isotropy; Stiffness; Bead; Residual; Composite material; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Sven Revfi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marvin Mikus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kamran Behdinan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Albert Albers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04458476352867329,"gpt":0.2664564401968964,"spread":0.2218716766682231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002998461,0.0002279492,0.0002280679,0.0002122598,0.0001946909,0.0004105735,0.0002795943,0.0003782083,0.0009606429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006500407,0.0001593503,0.0002040895,0.0001315702,0.000345461,0.0001948133,0.000239285,0.0001829555,0.0002050529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000271173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003285338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007988415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001247589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998788,0.00002693969,0.000004191314,0.00001689437,0.00005321093,0.00002007488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997697,0.000100657,0.00005119669,0.00003402778,0.00003368135,0.0000106155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001155671,0.00004290112,0.001154072,0.00008017768,0.00001311028,0.00008255319,0.00006439203,0.8573573,0.1234231,0.002672208,0.00008089867,0.01491365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000094197,0.0001262286,0.001153203,0.00000904675,0.00001045593,0.00002998601,0.00002158106,0.9497662,0.04763658,0.0006540015,0.0005747674,0.000008475002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7678198,0.0002275645,0.2247623,0.00006687086,0.00001391691,0.00003755593,0.00004511339,0.0001643048,0.006862582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802285,0.00005913887,0.01894672,0.000005843592,0.000001494741,0.00001549494,0.00001215324,0.00002219201,0.0007085131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009606429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003213704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404773668","doi":"10.1017/dsj.2024.41","title":"The reference system in product generation engineering: structuring reference system elements for advanced systems engineering based on the system triple","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Science","topic":"Product Development and Customization","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Structuring; Systems engineering; Computer science; Product (mathematics); Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Albert Albers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoph Kempf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick Haberkern","is_ca":false},{"name":"Constantin Mandel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander Kubin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steffen Wagenmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Rapp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kamran Behdinan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0390436347343704,"gpt":0.2203796020810401,"spread":0.1813359673466697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005217375,0.00082572,0.0007441924,0.002341485,0.001895344,0.004962389,0.001418209,0.001621604,0.004377583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007408594,0.0007708604,0.001546592,0.002142993,0.005017666,0.006972143,0.004010493,0.002790112,0.001224559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002126722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003391058,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004037997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003470028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956748,0.002116335,0.0004506559,0.0006460169,0.0008498072,0.0002623248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964315,0.001160709,0.0003336836,0.001111053,0.000765864,0.0001971792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003847878,0.00003614947,0.0008580275,0.0001697663,0.00002176771,0.0002834612,0.002854303,0.0102214,0.00431833,0.9347479,0.001507765,0.0449427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005220292,0.0002475228,0.001060233,0.0005435407,0.0001032372,0.0007123708,0.00175941,0.1351021,0.01053154,0.6798242,0.1699296,0.0001339305],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006861702,0.0001870985,0.9849026,0.0003177803,0.00006255664,0.0001416304,0.00004301628,0.0002901494,0.007193547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1045643,0.0003158653,0.8904602,0.0001374973,0.00005276546,0.0003643199,0.000231283,0.0002674968,0.003606162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005217375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02759242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}