{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"e4d7f24672b6","filters":{"venue":"Digital engineering."}},"results":[{"id":"W4408519911","doi":"10.1016/j.dte.2025.100040","title":"A comprehensive review of Digital Twin technologies in smart cities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Digital engineering.","topic":"Smart Cities and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01730565110957811,"gpt":0.2374080989612584,"spread":0.2201024478516803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003693598,0.0006613488,0.002268354,0.0008981803,0.00001042692,0.0001007009,0.0006526277,0.0004427095,0.000006405707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003844297,0.0006112031,0.0005000403,0.001162973,0.000107619,0.0003123445,0.0003271223,0.0005703504,0.00002098629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001432388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006654515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001349319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.657228e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981501,0.000003935705,0.0009115104,0.0003107167,0.0001919456,0.0004317604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988629,0.0003358294,0.0000961292,0.0006242326,0.00005308568,0.00002781947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.586001e-7,0.00001098693,0.000005306073,0.3582538,0.0001148898,0.00002149983,0.000004922745,0.0001174916,5.216599e-8,0.0004242217,0.001518011,0.6395285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006056268,0.00001918596,0.000001168444,0.1560482,0.00005891143,0.00001921112,0.00006061905,0.00007699659,0.000003760542,0.00006623096,0.8431488,0.000436371],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007273864,0.9906801,0.0001133256,0.00001395131,0.0003487366,0.0006224209,0.0006268248,0.002379558,0.005207795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001656008,0.9990601,0.00008645561,0.000004400859,0.00001751972,0.0002297395,0.0002254425,0.00008197642,0.0001287547],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8416308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414474733","doi":"10.1016/j.dte.2025.100069","title":"Decision-making criteria for AI tools in digital education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital engineering.","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University Canada West","funders":"University Canada West","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Key (lock); Applications of artificial intelligence; Selection (genetic algorithm); Equity (law)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00799531806077976,"gpt":0.3040001119206613,"spread":0.2960047938598815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005274589,0.00009513411,0.0001084467,0.0002148971,0.00002046928,0.001099233,0.0003222483,0.00003873282,8.771689e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000830098,0.00009845658,0.00005483731,0.0003874995,0.000005791465,0.001230873,0.00009683466,0.00008534325,0.000009072438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004354562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001106986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.595671e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.676834e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993725,0.000001099078,0.0001729717,0.0002030544,0.00008035408,0.000169962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994373,0.0002378927,0.00001949559,0.0002143361,0.00006102129,0.000030007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000439458,0.00009523505,0.0006124399,0.00004244999,0.000008405847,0.000003399019,0.00005969659,0.01187668,0.00001772223,0.06022983,0.001674904,0.9253749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002051562,0.00003599473,0.002210427,0.0004106324,0.000002363927,0.000005893494,0.00001928317,0.91009,0.00002582477,0.02500151,0.06177472,0.000218212],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02363683,0.00008875731,0.9721908,0.0008497474,0.0006332482,0.0001015251,0.00001485976,0.0001631308,0.002321108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833706,8.719685e-7,0.01582053,0.000168686,0.00005948079,0.00001317789,0.00001466194,0.000007809468,0.0005442064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9597337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408295117","doi":"10.1016/j.dte.2025.100041","title":"Optiworks: A human-centric framework for high-resolution topology optimization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital engineering.","topic":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Topology optimization; Topology (electrical circuits); Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Combinatorics; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005478665165992685,"gpt":0.2207057681616317,"spread":0.215227102995639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005891867,0.000279539,0.0002743645,0.000430882,0.00007931425,0.0001103507,0.000225119,0.0003167552,0.00003933589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000255018,0.0003429149,0.0000853798,0.0006029018,0.00003892696,0.0003231815,0.00004612374,0.0002328663,0.00001027572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001786243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001565482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001536657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.794866e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988235,0.000004125242,0.0003604855,0.0002648026,0.0000904702,0.0004565865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993685,0.0001632945,0.00003006974,0.0002940212,0.00007003318,0.00007401104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004499991,0.00001659175,0.00004140203,0.00009185235,0.00006611078,0.000001014076,0.00001866403,0.8528264,0.00004342376,0.1455009,0.0007966842,0.0005924601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004664996,0.00002954762,0.0001419683,0.00007612206,0.00002615567,0.000004176241,0.00001453493,0.9920495,0.000348521,0.002063952,0.004457406,0.0003216403],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001819243,0.0005181078,0.992148,0.0001240609,0.001826971,0.000370006,0.00004558065,0.001625205,0.001522798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8316041,0.00004188092,0.1672377,0.00004457304,0.0002007022,0.0002140474,0.0002128781,0.00009500991,0.0003491435],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8297848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116777626","doi":"10.1016/j.dte.2025.100084","title":"A digital maturity model for assessing SMEs in the manufacturing sector","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital engineering.","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Maturity (psychological); Digital transformation; Capability Maturity Model; Service Integration Maturity Model; Modular design; Field (mathematics); Industry 4.0","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01385001674485454,"gpt":0.2235412861668803,"spread":0.2096912694220258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007496279,0.0002285079,0.0001744455,0.0001965744,0.00003362525,0.001192649,0.0002971554,0.0001161799,0.000002067892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005275577,0.0002022784,0.0001022685,0.0002189901,0.00001893085,0.002054887,0.00002518384,0.0002704439,0.000007359096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009546493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002295249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.6523e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.194134e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990437,0.000001640546,0.0003025225,0.0001553098,0.0001515818,0.0003452357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.0001683659,0.00001503481,0.0002189788,0.00001837079,0.00004038821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005411038,0.00003778162,0.0001421413,0.0004345459,0.00003892091,0.000003941205,0.0002667233,0.970698,0.00004184014,0.002915238,0.001504212,0.02391127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003843754,0.000006339461,0.0006688393,0.0001499065,0.000006879363,0.000007705266,0.0002000059,0.978449,0.001231831,0.001114028,0.01747293,0.000308106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2922107,0.0001694268,0.4844944,0.0001920175,0.0006441804,0.000756953,0.000433009,0.001139005,0.2199604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987869,0.000002316058,0.0004226907,0.00004175332,0.00004907338,0.0001105829,0.00006634987,0.00003792171,0.0004824157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7065762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}